文化段落漢英對照考試復(fù)習

文化段落漢英對照考試復(fù)習文化段落漢英對照考試復(fù)習文化段落漢英對照考試復(fù)習資料僅供參考文件編號：2022年4月文化段落漢英對照考試復(fù)習版本號：A修改號：1頁次：1.0審核：批準:發(fā)布日期：文化段落（文化一瞥）漢英對照供段落翻譯（漢譯英）考試復(fù)習之用1.在許多國家，開始寒暄幾句是商務(wù)拜訪的習俗。但觀察家發(fā)現(xiàn)，這個習俗在美國卻不受歡迎。美國人在生意場上很少進行禮節(jié)性交往，他們不會在輕松的環(huán)境里悠閑地談生意，也不會通過打高爾夫球來增進彼此的信任感，他們一般通過工作而不是社交方式來評估了解他人。這是因為美國人深感人生的短暫，他們深深懂得，光陰一去不復(fù)返。因此他們會仔細規(guī)劃時間，盡量讓每分鐘都過得有意義。Makingopeningexchangesistheconventionofthebusinesscallinmanycountries.ButobserversfinditnotwelcomedintheStates.Americansseldomconductritualinteractioninbusiness,theydon’thaveleisurelybusinesschatinrelaxedsurroundings,neitherdotheyplaygolftodevelopasenseoftrust.Theygenerallyprobeandassesstheirvisitorsprofessionallyratherthansocially.ThisisbecauseAmericanshaveanacutesenseofshortnessoflifetime,theyknowverywelltimecan’tbereplaced.Consequently,theycarefullybudgettimeandwanteveryminutetocount2.春節(jié)是中國最具特色的重要傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，標志著中國農(nóng)歷新年的開始，從除夕一直持續(xù)到正月十五元宵節(jié)。春節(jié)是家人團圓的節(jié)日，這一點和西方的圣誕節(jié)很相似。在外地工作的人，都會不遠千里回到家里和父母團聚。在除夕之夜，一家人聚在一起包餃子、吃年夜飯，即團圓飯。春節(jié)期間家家戶戶都會貼春聯(lián)、貼年畫。晚上12點左右，家家燃放煙花爆竹，辭舊迎新，希望送走不幸，迎來好運。春節(jié)第一天，大家互相拜年，送上最美好的祝愿。春節(jié)期間活動豐富多彩，如敲鑼、打鼓、走高蹺、舞龍舞獅等。TheSpringFestivalisthemostuniqueandimportanttraditionalChineseholiday.ItmarksthebeginningoftheChineselunarNewYear,lastingfromtheNewYear’sEvetotheLanternFestivalonthe15thdayofthefirstlunarmonth.LikeChristmasintheWest,theSpringFestivalisatimeforfamilyreunion.Peopleworkingawayfromhomewilltravelalongdistancetocomebacktojointheirparents.OnNewYear’sEve,thewholefamilygetstogether,makingjiaoziandenjoyingthemealoftheEve,orfamilyreuniondinner.EveryhouseholdwillpasteupSpringFestivalcoupletsandChineseNewYearpictures.Around12o’clockatnight,everyfamilywillsetofffireworksandfirecrackerstogreetthenewdaysandsendofftheoldones,hopingtocastawaybadluckandbringforthgoodluck.OnthefirstdayoftheSpringFestival,peoplepayNewYear’scalls,givingbestwishestooneanother.TherearevariousactivitiesduringtheSpringFestival,suchasbeatingdrumsandstrikinggongs,aswellasstilt-walking,dragonandliondances3.農(nóng)歷正月十五元宵節(jié)是中國人的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日。元宵節(jié)又稱燈節(jié)或上元節(jié)，是春節(jié)后的第一個重要節(jié)日，標志著春節(jié)的結(jié)束。正月是農(nóng)歷的元月，古人稱夜為“宵”，而元月十五晚上又是一年中第一個月圓之夜，所以稱正月十五為元宵節(jié)。元宵節(jié)的習俗在全國各地不盡相同，其中賞花燈、猜燈謎、吃元宵等是幾項最常見的民間習俗。很多地方舉辦元宵節(jié)燈會，會上設(shè)計各異的燈籠吸引人們前來觀賞。吃元宵是元宵節(jié)的另一項重要內(nèi)容。據(jù)說，吃元宵的習俗起源于漢代，唐宋時期開始流行。元宵有“團圓”之意，因此吃元宵喻示著家庭團圓、和諧幸福。如今，元宵已成為人們的日常飲食之一。在超市一年四季都可以買到。TheYuanxiaoFestivalinChinaisatraditionalfestivalcelebratedonthefifteenthdayofthefirstmonthonthelunarcalendar.Thefestival,alsoknownasLanternFestivalorShangyuanFestival,isthefirstimportantfestivalaftertheSpringFestival,markingtheendofthelatter.Thefirstmonthofthelunarcalendariscalledtheyuanmonth,andinoldentimesnightwascalledxiaoinChinese.Thefifteenthdayoftheyuanmonthseesthefirstfullmoonofthelunaryear.Therefore,thedayiscalledYuanxiaoFestival.Althoughcustomsofthefestivalvaryfromregiontoregion,themostcommononesincludeappreciatinglanternexhibits,tryingtosolveriddleswrittenonlanterns,andeatingyuanxiao。Inmanyplaceslanternfairsareheldonthisday,attractingpeopletocomeandappreciatethelanternsofvariousdesigns.Eatingyuanxiaoisanotherimportantpartofthefestival.ItissaidthatthecustomofeatingyuanxiaooriginatedfromtheHanDynastyandbecamepopularduringtheTangandSongperiods.Yuanxiaohastheconnotationof“reunion”,thuseatingyuanxiaosignifiesfamilylife.Nowadays,yuanxiaohasbecomeafoodinpeople’sdailylife,whichisavailableinsupermarketsalltheyearround.4.《梁山伯與祝英臺》是中國古代民間傳說之一，也是一個在世界上產(chǎn)生了廣泛影響的中國民間傳說?！读鹤！返墓适录矣鲬魰?，在民間流傳已有一千多年，仍經(jīng)久不衰。從古到今，有無數(shù)人被梁山伯與祝英臺的凄美愛情所深深感動。有人認為，它是中國古典悲劇之最，完美地表現(xiàn)了東方男女純潔忠貞的愛情。20世紀50年代，《梁?！繁蛔V寫成小提琴協(xié)奏曲，走上了國際舞臺。《梁山伯與祝英臺》被稱為中國的《羅密歐與朱麗葉》。TheButterflyLovers,oneoftheancientChinesefolklegends,hasawideimpactaroundtheworld.Widelyknownandspreadasithasbeenforover1,000yearsamongthefolkpeople,thestoryofTheButterflyLoversstillendurestoday.Sinceancienttimes,therehavebeencountlesspeoplewhoaredeeplymovedbythetragicloveofLiangShanboandZhuYingtai,theloversinthestory.SomepeopleregarditasthebestoftheclassicalChinesetragediesandtheperfectexpressionofpureandfaithfullovebetweenorientalmenandwomen.Inthe1950s,TheButterflyLoverswascomposedintoviolinconcerto,thusmakingitontotheinternationalstage.TheButterflyLoversisknownasChina’sRomeoandJuliet.5.每年農(nóng)歷七月初七的七夕節(jié)，簡稱七夕，是中國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日中最具浪漫色彩的一個節(jié)日。傳說每年的七月初七是牛郎、織女相會的日子。在這一天，人間的喜鵲（magpie）要飛到天上去，為牛郎和織女搭一座鵲橋，好讓二人渡過天河相見。在這一天的晚上，如果靜靜地躲在葡萄架下，就能聽到牛郎、織女說的悄悄話。TheDouble-SeventhFestival,calledQixiinChinese,fallsontheseventhdayoftheseventhmonthontheChineselunarcalendar.ItisatraditionalChinesefestivalfullofromance.Accordingtothelegend,Niulang(Cowherd)andZhinv(WeaverMaid)gettogetherontheseventhdayoftheseventhlunarmontheveryyear.Onthisday,allthemagpieswillflyintotheheavenandformabridgesothatthesetwoloverscanmeeteachother.Peoplecanheartheirlovingwhispersiftheyhidequietlyunderthegrapetrellis6.北京烤鴨（Pekingduck）是北京最受歡迎的菜肴之一。北京烤鴨的起源可以追溯到大約600年前的明朝。那時候，來自中國各地的廚師前往北京為皇帝下廚。直到清朝統(tǒng)治期間，北京烤鴨才在社會的不同階層得到享用。一整只烤鴨會被放在餐桌上，服務(wù)員會把它片成薄片兒。做北京烤鴨的方法是先把宰殺過的鴨子放入開水中浸泡，然后掛在烤箱里烤上好幾小時。最終吃法是配上醬汁和餅皮。PekingduckisoneofthemostpopulardishesinBeijing.TheoriginofthePekingduckdatesbacktotheMingDynasty,about600yearsago.CooksfromalloverChinatraveledtoBeijingtocookfortheEmperor.UntiltheruleoftheQingDynasty,thePekingduckbecamewidelyappreciatedamongdifferentclasses.Thewholeroastedduckiskeptonthediningtablewheretherestaurantstaffslicesitthinly.ThemethodofmakingPekingduckisfirstlytosoaktheduckkilledinboilingwaterandthenhangitinanovenformanyhours.Itisfinallyservedwithachoiceofsaucesortraditionalpancakes.7.昆明是云南省省會，中國首批歷史文化名稱之一。昆明夏無酷暑，冬無嚴寒，年溫差為全國最小，四級氣候宜人，故被稱為“春城”。昆明的旅游景點很多，最著名的是石林、滇池和世博園。引人入勝的石林明朝以來就有“天下第一奇觀”之城。石林位于石林彝族自治縣，包括大小石林和許多其他景點。滇池是云南省最大的淡水湖，有“高原明珠”之稱。1988年，滇池被列入國家級風景名勝區(qū)名單。世博園是昆明的另一個重要人文景觀，這里是1999年昆明世界園藝博覽會會址。Kunming,thecapitalofYunnanProvince,isoneofthefirsthistoricandculturalcitiesinChina.Neitherveryhotinsummernorverycoldinwinter,KunmingboaststheminimumdifferenceinannualtemperatureinChinaandacomfortableclimatealltheyearround,henceitsalternativename“SpringCity”.Amongtheabundanttouristattractionsinthecity,themostfamousaretheStoneForest,theDianchiLake,andtheKunmingExpoGarden.TheenchantingStoneForesthasbeenknownasthe“FirstWonderoftheWorld”sincetheMingDynasty.LocatedinShilinYiNationalityAutonomousCounty,theattractionincludesbothlargeandsmallstoneforestsaswellasmanyotherscenicspots.DianchiLake,thelargestfreshwaterlakeinYunnan,iscalledthe“thePearlofthePlateau”.In1988,Dianchiwaslistedasanational-levelsiteofscenicbeautyandhistoricinterest.TheExpoGarden,anotherculturalattractionofsignificancein8.筷子是廣泛適用于東亞各國的傳統(tǒng)餐具?？曜拥臍v史起源于中國古代，最早可以追溯到商代?？曜油ǔＳ芍褡?、塑料、木材或不銹鋼制成。第一雙筷子可能用于烹飪，撥火而不是作為飲食器具。直到漢代，筷子才開始用作餐具。直到明代，筷子才開始被普遍使用于上菜或者吃飯。然后它們被取名“筷子”，并擁有了今天的形狀。ChopsticksarethetraditionaleatingutensilsinEastAsiancountries.ChopsticksoriginatedinancientChinaanddatesbacktoasearlyastheShangDynasty.Theyarecommonlymadeofbamboo,plastic,woodorstainlesssteel.Thefirstchopstickswereprobablyusedforcooking,stirringthefireandnotaseatingutensils.ChopsticksbegantobeusedaseatingutensilsduringtheHanDynasty.ItwasnotuntiltheMingDynastythatchopstickswerewidelyusedforbothservingandeating.Theythenacquiredthenamekuaiziandthepresentshape.9.中國有幾千年的文明史，文化寶藏光輝燦爛。其中有四部著名的古典長篇小說放射著耀眼的光芒，它們是《西游記》、《水滸傳》、《三國演義