新概念英語(yǔ)冊(cè)全套詳細(xì)語(yǔ)法精粹

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全力滿足教學(xué)需求,真實(shí)規(guī)劃教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)最新全面教學(xué)資源,打造完美教學(xué)模式新概念二各課重點(diǎn)課文語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)Lessonl簡(jiǎn)單陳述句的語(yǔ)序Lesson2一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)Lesson3現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；一般過(guò)去時(shí)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；直接賓語(yǔ)與間接賓語(yǔ)Lesson4現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別〔1〕;現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別；同位語(yǔ)Lesson5帶way的一些短語(yǔ)；不定冠詞和定冠詞；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別〔2〕Lesson6短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)〔1〕；a,the,some的用法Lesson7短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的小品詞；表示時(shí)間的介詞；過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)〔2〕Lesson8形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)Lesson9被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的介詞in,on,at,during,till,與until；否認(rèn)句的兩種形式：notany與noLesson10現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；雙重所有格Lessonll動(dòng)詞+名次/代詞+帶to的不定式Lesson12一般將來(lái)時(shí)Lesson13將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)Lesson14過(guò)去完成時(shí)

Lesson15直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)Lesson16條件句〔1〕Lesson17Must,haveto,與havegotto的用法Lesson18實(shí)義動(dòng)詞have的用法Lesson19表小許可的can和mayLesson20介詞與動(dòng)名詞Lesson21情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的應(yīng)用Lesson22一些常見的動(dòng)詞詞組Lesson23Thereis和itis的用法Lesson24無(wú)語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)注重復(fù)習(xí)Lesson25并列句的語(yǔ)序Lesson26一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞使用Lesson27表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣動(dòng)作的usedto和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的特殊用法Lesson28現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與since；關(guān)系從句及關(guān)系代詞Lesson29現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別Lesson30定冠詞the的用法；some與any的區(qū)別Lesson31過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)；useto的用法Lesson32比較結(jié)構(gòu)表示法；Little和few的用法Lesson33用于表示目的和方向的介詞和副詞Lesson34被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用法補(bǔ)充Lesson35復(fù)習(xí),本課無(wú)新的語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)Lesson36Will和begoingtoLesson37一般將來(lái)完成時(shí)；將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

Lesson38過(guò)去完成時(shí)與附屬連詞when,before,after,untilLesson39間接引語(yǔ)中的say,tell,ask；間『般疑問(wèn)句；間接疑問(wèn)詞疑問(wèn)句Lesson40條件句〔2〕Lesson41Must的用法；haveto的用法；need的用法Lesson42Have+名詞代替普通動(dòng)詞Lesson43Can的用法；beableto的用法Lesson44動(dòng)名詞與不定式；介詞by與with的用法Lesson45被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的by詞組的使用Lesson46動(dòng)詞與介詞to,at,for,with的搭配Lesson47-48無(wú)新重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容,增強(qiáng)復(fù)習(xí)Lesson49復(fù)合句的語(yǔ)序Lesson50動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞和表態(tài)動(dòng)詞Lesson51一般過(guò)去時(shí)Lesson52現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)Lesson53一般過(guò)去時(shí),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)Lesson54A與someLesson55Usedto和wouldLesson56比較結(jié)構(gòu)的修飾語(yǔ)；thesameas的比較結(jié)構(gòu)Lesson57用于描與任務(wù)的介詞in和with；表示地點(diǎn)與位置的介詞與副詞in,at,offLesson58由get與過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；itissaidthat結(jié)構(gòu)Lesson59表小目的的幾種方式：to,inorderto,soasto,sothat,inorderthatLesson60現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的事Lesson61Itisthefirsttimethat結(jié)構(gòu)Lesson62過(guò)去完成時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)；過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)Lesson63祈使句的間接引語(yǔ)Lesson64條件句(3)Lesson65表小應(yīng)該與必須的情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞must,haveto,should和oughttoLesson66使役動(dòng)詞have的用法Lesson67Can,beableto,和manageto的比較Lesson68動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)名詞Lesson69被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的動(dòng)詞詞組；不定時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Lesson70形容詞后的介詞Lesson71無(wú)新語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn),復(fù)習(xí)已講內(nèi)容Lesson72情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must用法復(fù)習(xí)新概念語(yǔ)法精粹GuidetoNewConceptEnglishGrammar〔二冊(cè)初級(jí)班〕第一章英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)(Tenses)英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中的第一道難關(guān),攻下此難關(guān)是作文、閱讀、口語(yǔ)之關(guān)鍵.漢語(yǔ)用不同詞表達(dá)相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài),而英語(yǔ)用同一詞的不同變化形式表達(dá)時(shí)態(tài).英語(yǔ)各種時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成表：以play為例:般時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在playisplaysamplayingare過(guò)去playedwaswereplaying將來(lái)shallshallwillplaywillbeplaying過(guò)去shouldshould將來(lái)wouldplaywouldbeplaying完成時(shí)態(tài)hashaveplayedhadplayedshallwillhaveplayedshouldwouldhaveplayed完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)hashavebeenplayinghadbeenplayingshallwillhavebeenplayingshouldwouldhavebeenplaying一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：1.構(gòu)成：使用動(dòng)詞原形,第三人稱單數(shù)須有變化.(1)直接加"s'；works,takes⑵以輔音加“y〞結(jié)尾,變y為:再加escarryfcarries(3)以o,s,x,ch,sh〞結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加es〞goesdresseswatchesbrushes2.功能:(1)表現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)、狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作:eg:?.Birdsfly.?.Shelovesmusic.?.Mary'sparentsgetupveryearly.⑵表習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或職業(yè),常與often,sometimes,usually,always,everyweek,seldom,occasionally,frequently等時(shí)間副詞連用.eg:?.Ialwaystakeawalkaftersupper.?.Shewritestomeveryoften.?.Tomandhisgirlfriendgoouttotakeapicnicoccasionally.(3)表客觀真理,格言警句或事實(shí):.Theearthmovesroundthesun..Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest..Twoandtwomakesfour..Nomanbuterrs.人非圣賢,熟能無(wú)過(guò)..將來(lái)：A.在由when,after,before,as,assoonas,although,because,if,evenif,incase,till,until,unless,solongas,where,whatever,wherever等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.(黃金重點(diǎn),所有測(cè)試都不放過(guò)它！)例如：?.I'lltellherwhenshecomestomorrow.(不錯(cuò)的句型,背下?。?.Evenifitrainsthisafternoon,I'(不錯(cuò)的句型,背下?。??.Whateverhappens,youshouldkeepcool-headed.

?.I'llberightherewaitingforyouwhereveryougo.〔很感人的句型！〕B.按時(shí)間表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事件,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表達(dá)〔很感人的句型！〕.Theplaybeginsat6:30thisevening..Whendoestheplanetakeoff?.Heleavesforthatcitynextweek..Accordingtothetimetable,theexpresstraintoShanghaistartsatnineinthemorning.〔根據(jù)時(shí)刻表,開往上海的特快列車早上7點(diǎn)出發(fā).〕測(cè)試精編TheBrownsanicecarandBrown'sbrotheranicejeep.A.have/haveB.has/hasC.have/hasD.has/haveIftheirhousenotlikeours,whatitlooklike?A.is/isB.is/doesC.does/doesD.does/is-youthinkhewillcome?-Ifittomorrow,hewillnotcome.A.Do/rainsB.Are/rainsC.Do/willrainD.Are/willrainThelittlechildnotevenknowthatthemoonaroundtheearth.A.do/moveB.do/movesC.does/movesD.did/movedManyastudentfondoffilms,butagoodstudentseldomtothecinemaA.are/goesB.is/goesC.are/goD.is/go.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：is/am/are+現(xiàn)在分詞1.表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.如.Thekettleisboiling.ShallImaketea?

.Don'tyouthinkyoueattoomuch?You'reputtingonweight.Theworkersarebuildinganewbridgeacrosstheriver..表現(xiàn)階段正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.?.Heistakingphysicsthissemester〔本學(xué)期〕.?.Wearepreparingforourfinalexaminationthisweek..go,come,leave,arrive,land,meet,die,start,return,join,etc.?.Look!Thebusiscoming.看！車來(lái)了！?.Theoldmanisseriouslyill,andheisdying.?.AliceisleavingforBeijingwithhermother.〔體重增加〕用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)表示即將開始的動(dòng)作..與always,forever,continually,constantly等副詞〔體重增加〕用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)表示即將開始的動(dòng)作.?.Heisalwaysthinkingofothers.〔他總是想著別人.〕?.Theboyiscontinuallymakingnoises.〔這男孩不斷地發(fā)出吵鬧聲.〕?.Theteacherisconstantly〔always〕criticizingherforbeinglate.〔老師——直在批評(píng)她遲至U.〕.下面表示狀態(tài)、感覺、情緒、精神活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞不可用于進(jìn)行時(shí).〔此條戒律請(qǐng)背10遍?。?！〕believe〔相信〕,doubt〔疑心〕,see〔看見〕,hear〔聽見〕,know〔知道〕,understand〔理解〕,belong〔屬于〕,think〔認(rèn)為〕,consider〔認(rèn)為〕,feel〔覺得〕,look〔看起來(lái)〕,seem〔看上去〕,show〔顯示〕,mind〔介意〕,have〔有〕,sound〔聽起來(lái)〕,taste〔嘗起來(lái)〕,require〔要求〕,possess〔擁有〕,care〔關(guān)心〕,like〔喜歡〕,hate〔討厭〕,love〔喜愛〕,detest〔憎恨〕,desire〔意欲〕【簡(jiǎn)單記憶】

?永遠(yuǎn)不要說(shuō)I'mbelieving...或Heisseeingahouse.再簡(jiǎn)單一點(diǎn)說(shuō),這些動(dòng)詞后面不要隨意加-ing.?可怕的是：我們?cè)趯懽骷翱谡Z(yǔ)中常犯此類大錯(cuò)！?注意：haveaparty/thinkabout可以用進(jìn)行時(shí),由于這里have意為"舉行;‘think意為"考慮:‘測(cè)試精編:HowcanyouIfyouarenot?A.listening/hearingB.hear/listeningC.belistening/heardD.behearing/listeningto2.Thegirlevenwon'thaveherlunchbeforesheherhomework.A.willfinishB.isfinishingC.hadfinishedD.finishesThosewhohaveappliedforthepost〔職位〕intheoffice.〔止匕題超前〕A.arebeinginterviewedB.areinterviewingC.interviewingD.tobeinterviewingB.hasbeenwishingD.hasbeenwishedB.isstilB.hasbeenwishingD.hasbeenwishedB.isstillsleepingD.willbesleepingstillA.iswishingC.wishesIfhe,don'twakehimup.A.stillsleepsC.stillhasbeensleeping三.一般過(guò)去時(shí).定義動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式:.表示過(guò)去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間或某一段時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況.?.Wevisitedtheschoollastspring.?.IwenttoschoolbybikewhenIwasinmiddleschool.?.Chinawasfoundedin1949..在表示時(shí)間或條件等的狀語(yǔ)從句中代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí).〔參〕?.Shetoldmethatshewouldnotgowithusifitrainedthenextday.?.Theywouldnotleaveuntilshecameback.?.Myfriendpromisedtomarrymeonceshemadeherfinaldecision.一般過(guò)去時(shí),現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)的幾組差異：〔別以為這很簡(jiǎn)單,下面的差異你不一定明白.〕Herbrotherwasachemist.〔已去世〕Herbrotherisachemist.〔尚健在〕That'sallIhadtosay.〔話已說(shuō)完〕That'sallIhavetosay.〔言之未盡〕Itwassonicetoseeyou.〔離別時(shí)用〕Itissonicetoseeyou.〔見面時(shí)用〕Janedidalotofworkthismorning.〔已是當(dāng)天下午或晚上〕Janehasdonealotofworkthismorning.〔仍是上午〕[本句現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),此乃后話！]測(cè)試精編I:〔用所給動(dòng)詞的正確進(jìn)態(tài)填空〕.YesterdayI〔think〕thatyouwerenotinBeijing.Aliceusually(sit)inthefrontoftheclassroom,butshe(sit)atthebackthismorning.He(tell)thenewstousthreedaysago.He(begin)toteachChinesein1990.5.shewouldnottelephonemeifshe(have)notime.測(cè)試精編II：Theythetripuntiltherainstopped.A.continuedB.didn'tcontinueC.hadn'tcontinuedD.wouldcontinueThelocalpeasantsgavethesoldiersclothesandfoodwithoutwhichtheyofhungerandcold.(without在這里表?xiàng)l件,你知道嗎)A.woulddieB.willdieC.wouldbedeadD.wouldhavediedItwasnotuntilthenthatIcametoknowthattheeartharoundthesun.A.movedB.hasmovedC.willmoveD.movesWhenallthosepresent(至U場(chǎng)者)hebeganhislecture.(重點(diǎn)題)A.sitB.setC.seatedD.wereseatedIfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhavewrittentoyou.ButinfactInot.A.haveB.wouldhaveC.hadD.hadhad四.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：were/was+現(xiàn)在分詞..表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或階段正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作..Iwasplayingchessat8yesterdayevening..WhenIarrived,theywerewatchingTV..Theyweredoinghouseworkthistimelastweek..用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句中表示過(guò)云將來(lái)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作..Shetoldmetowakehimupifshewassleeping..IaskedmyfriendtowarnmeaboutitaslongasIwasdrivingtoofast..過(guò)去某時(shí)將發(fā)生的事.可參考一2(4).TheytoldmethattheywereleavingforNewYork..HewasgoingoutwhenIarrived.測(cè)試精編：Mybrotherwhilehehisbicycleandhurthimself.A.fell/wasridingB.feel/wereridingC.hadfallen/rodeD.hadfallen/wasridingHehislegasheinafootballmatch.A.broke/playedB.wasbreaking/wasplayingC.broke/wasplayingD.wasbreaking/played-Myfatherwillbeheretomorrow.-Ithoughtthathetoday.A.wascorningB.iscomingC.willcomeD.comesJackwasgoingoutoftheshopwhenhecollidedwithanoldwomanwhoin.A.comeB.wascomingC.hadbeencomingD.hadcomeMichikecouldn'tcometothetelephonewhenMr.Smithcalledherbecausesheinthelab.A.hadbeenworkingB.hasbeenworkingC.wasworkingD.worked五.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/has+過(guò)去分詞.表示過(guò)去所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果.常與yet,just,before,recently,lately〔最近〕,ever,never等表時(shí)間的副詞搭配使用.■Hehasn'tseenherlately.■Ihaven'tfinishedthebookyet..表示十個(gè)從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始,延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作,常與表示十段時(shí)間的|時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用.如：sofar〔迄今為止〕,uptillnow〔直到現(xiàn)在〕,since,foralongtime〔很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間〕,uptopresent〔直到現(xiàn)在〕,inthepast/inthelastfewyears〔在過(guò)去的幾年里〕,thesedays〔目前〕?.Hehasworkedherefor15years.?.IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIcamehere.?.TheforeignerhasbeenawayfromChinaforalongtime.?.Sofar,Ihaven'treceivedasingleletterfrommybrother..某些非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞〔即：動(dòng)作開始便終止的動(dòng)詞〕,在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中不能與表示一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)搭配.黃金要點(diǎn)：.常見的非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞：die,arrive〔到達(dá)〕,join〔參加〕,leave〔離開〕,go,refuse〔拒絕〕,fail〔失敗〕,finish,buy,marry,divorce〔離婚〕,awake〔醒〕,buy,borrow,lend...〔背三遍！〕.這類動(dòng)詞并非不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),而是不能接常由for引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)..但假設(shè)是用在否認(rèn)句中,非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用.?She?Shehasgoneawayforamonth.Shehasbeenawayforamonth〔正〕Themanhasdiedfortwoyears.〔誤〕Themanhasbeendeadfortwoyears.〔正〕Howlonghaveyouboughtthebook?〔誤〕Howlonghaveyougotthebook.〔正〕.注意since的用法：?.Theyhaven'thadanytroublesincetheycamehere.?.Ithasbeentenyearssincewemetlasttime.?.Hehasbeenheresince1980.?.Hehasbeenheresincetenyearsago..幾組比照：HehasgonetoShanghai.他至U上海去了.HehasbeentoShanghai.他去過(guò)上海.Shehasgone.她已走了.Sheisgone.她缺席了.〔or她死了.〕Thedoorhasbeenclosed.門關(guān)上了.〔動(dòng)作〕Thedoorisclosed.門是關(guān)著的.〔狀態(tài)〕

測(cè)試精編：Thepricesgoingupallthetimeinthepastfewyears.A.keepB.keptC.havekeptD.arekeepingForthewholeperiodoftwomonths,therenoraininthisarea.A.isB.willbeC.hasbeenD.havebeenTodayisJane'sweddingday.SheJohn.A.havejustmarriedwithB.wasjustmarriedtoC.hasjustbeenmarriedtoD.justhasbeenmarriedtoNowondertheflowerhavewithered,theyanywaterforages.A.hadn'tB.haven'tC.haven'thadD.hadn'thadNowadayscomputerawideapplicationwiththedevelopmentofproductionandscience.A.foundB.hasfoundC.findsD.hadfound〔最好將此定義讀5遍〕六.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：have/has+〔最好將此定義讀5遍〕1.表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)開始發(fā)生,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在且可能延續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作.〔runafter:追求〕?.I'vebeenwaitingforanhourbutsh〔runafter:追求〕?.Hehasbeenrunningafterherfor8years.2.表某種感情色彩.?.I'vebeenwantingtoseeyouforsomanyyears.?.Who'sbeentellingyousuchnonsense.釋惑要點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的比照:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)“結(jié)果；而完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)“動(dòng)作的延續(xù)'；?.Ihavethoughtofit.〔我已想到了這一點(diǎn).〕?.Ihavebeenthinkingofit.〔我一直在想這一點(diǎn).〕?.Jimhaspaintedthedoor.〔杰姆已將門油漆過(guò)了.〕?.Jimhasbeenpaintingthedoor.〔杰姆一直在油漆門.〕測(cè)試精編：Theyussincefiveo'clockthismorning.A.arehelpingB.havebeenhelpingC.havebeenhelpedD.havehelpedIthebookthewholeday,yetIhaven'tfinishedit.A.havebeenreadingB.havereadC.amreadingD.hadbeenreadingPleasecomein.Weaboutyourpaper.A.talkB.hadbeentalkingC.havebeentalkingD.wouldhavetalkedSuchnaturalresourcesascoalandpetroleum.A.graduallyareexhaustedB.arebeinggraduallyexhaustedC.havegraduallyexhaustingD.havebeenexhaustinggraduallyItalmosteverydaysofarthismonth.A.israiningB.rainedC.rainsD.hasbeenraining用所給動(dòng)詞正確時(shí)態(tài)填空.Youshouldgotobed.You〔watch〕TVfor5hours.I〔write〕letterssincebreakfast.I〔write〕3letterssincebreakfast.Sorry,butMr.Smith〔leave〕forBeijing.I〔look〕forhimeverywhere,wherecanhebe?七.過(guò)去完成時(shí)：had+過(guò)去分詞.表示過(guò)去某個(gè)動(dòng)作或某個(gè)具體時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生、完成的動(dòng)作.“過(guò)去的過(guò)去：TheyhadgoteverythingreadybeforeIcame.TheplayhadbegunbeforeIgottothetheaterwithmyboyfriend..過(guò)去完成時(shí)常用于hardly/scarcely...when,nosooner...than等固定句型結(jié)構(gòu)中.〔此乃超級(jí)重點(diǎn)句型,意為：“一……就yShehadhardly/scarcelygonetobedwhenthebellrang.Nosoonerhadhearrivedattherailwaystationthanhemetherparents.〔注意nosooner在句首時(shí)句型倒裝.〕.intend〔打算〕,mean〔意味〕,hope〔希望〕,want〔想要〕,plan〔方案〕等動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示本打算做而沒(méi)有做的事.Ihadintendedtocallonyouyesterday,butsomeonecametoseemejustwhenIwasabouttoleave.〔……原想昨天去看你……〕Theyhadplanedtoholdafootballmatchlastweek,buttheyhadtocancelitbecausethebadweather.〔……原方案上周舉行一場(chǎng)足球賽……〕測(cè)試精編：-Let'shurry!Thepresidentiscoming.-Oh,Iwasafraidthatwe.A.alreadymisshimB.hadalreadymissedhimC.willmisshimalreadyD.havealreadymissedhimYourlettercamejustasImyoffice.A.wasleavingB.wouldleaveC.hadleftD.leftImykeys,Ican'trememberwhereIlastsawthem.A.waslosingB.lostC.hadlostD.havelostNobodyknewwheretheteacher.A.hasgoneB.wouldhavegoneC.hadgoneD.wouldbegoneThesportsmentrainingfor3hourswhenthecoachtoldthemtobreakoffforrest.A.havebeenB.areC.hadbeenD.were八.一般將來(lái)時(shí)：shall/will+動(dòng)詞原形.表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài).Hewillgraduatefromthecollegenextyear.Weshallfinishourworkasquicklyaspossible.

.將來(lái)時(shí)的其它結(jié)構(gòu)：〔務(wù)必背下！〕begoingtodosomething.打算做某事.〔美國(guó)口語(yǔ)中常讀作begonna〕I'mgoingtobuyanewcoatthisfall.[begoingto與will的比照：以下情況須用will]I'llbesixteenyearsoldnextyear.Itwillbethe20thofAugusttomorrow.Whenhecomes,Iwillgivehimyourmessage.be+todosth.表示方案安排做某事或用來(lái)征求意見.AmItotakeoverhiswork?Wearetomeetatthegate.beabouttodosth.即將做某事.?Thetalkisabouttobegin.3.重點(diǎn)補(bǔ)充：beonthepointofdoingsth.正要做某事setouttodosth.著手做某事setaboutdoingsth.開始做某事測(cè)試精編:-"Themeetingisscheduledtobeginat7o'clock.B.there'dbeD.B.there'dbeD.thereisA.itwillbeC.therewillbeHe'llleaveforParisbeforeyounextweek.

A.willcomebackB.willbebacB.willbebackD.camebackOurnextmeetingon1stDecember.B.willholdA.haB.willholdD.isholdingC.iD.isholding4.Whereawill,thereisaway.A.therewillhaveB.hasbeenthere5.ItC.thereisD.therehasbeenbeWednesdaytomorrow.A.isgoingtoB.willC.isabouttoD.isto九.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：should/would+動(dòng)詞原形1.表示從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).Hesaidthattheywouldmeetmeatthestation.2.此用法常用于間接引語(yǔ)中.測(cè)試精編:1.OntelevisionlastnightthenewscasterannouncedthattheleaderonSaturday.A.isarrivingB.willarriveC.wouldbearrivedD.wouldarrive2.Hetoldusthathewouldbeginthedictationwhenweready.A.willbeB.wouldbeC.wereD.areMyaunttoseeus,shewouldbeheresoon.A.iscorningB.wascomingC.cameD.hadcameTheywouldbegivenanewhouseifmorethenextyear.A.willbebuiltB.wouldbebuiltC.arebuiltD.werebuilt十.過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：hadbeen+現(xiàn)在分詞表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間之前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.?ShesaidthatshehadbeentypingapaperbeforeIcamein.比較：?.Thegirlhadcleaneduptheroom,soitwastidy.?.Thegirlhadbeenclearinguptheroom,sowehadtowaitoutside.測(cè)試精編：Itforfourdayswhenwearrived,sotheroadswereverymuddy.A.wasrainingB.wouldberainingC.hadbeenrainingD.hasrainedHetoldusthathetheresince1982.A.hasbeenlivingB.hadbeenlivingC.wouldhavelivedD.waslivingHehadbeenlearningEnglishfor3yearsbeforehecamehereandnow.A.isstilllearningB.hadbeenlearningC.wasstilllearningD.hasbeenlearningBytheendoflastweek,heinthecompanyfor10years.A.hadworkedB.hadbeenworkingC.willhaveworkedD.wouldhaveworkedtime.Notuntilthendidpeopleknowthatheimportantmilitaryinformationtotheenemyforatime.A.soldB.wouldsellC.hadsoldD.hadbeensellingH^一■.將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)：shall/willbe+現(xiàn)在分詞.表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作：?.Whatwillyoubedoingthistimetomorrow?R比較：??.Tomwon'tcutthegrassbecauseheisafraidofbeingtired.〔說(shuō)明意圖〕?.Tomwon'tbecuttingthegrass.〔無(wú)意圖、僅陳述事實(shí)〕.用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)詢問(wèn)別人的方案、打算比用一般將來(lái)時(shí)更顯禮貌.?.Willyoubehavingsupperwithusthisevening?.將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)表示對(duì)即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的推測(cè).?.ShewillbearrivingatShanghaitomorrowmorning.?.Thecarwillbegoingatthespeedof100milesanhour.十二.過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)：should/wouldbe+現(xiàn)在分詞表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)看將來(lái)某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.?.HeaskedmewhatIshouldbedoingwhenhecamethenextday.測(cè)試精編：Tomorrow,Ithebookallmorning.A.amreadingB.willbereadingC.willreadD.haveread-"Canyouattendthemeetingtonight?"-"No,themanageraboutsomethingurgent."A.IseeB.I'llhaveseenC.I'llbeseeingD.IcanseeOfthemillionswhosawHaley'scometin1986,howmanypeoplelongenoughtoseeitreturninthetwenty-firstcentury?A.willtheyliveB.theywillbelivingC.willliveD.livingHetoldusthathevisitingJapanbythistimenextyear.A.willbeB.wouldbeC.wasD.isItwhenyouwakeuptomorrowmorning.A.issnowingB.willsnowC.willbesnowingD.snows十三.將來(lái)完成時(shí)：shall/willhave+過(guò)去分詞表示將來(lái)某時(shí)之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作.?.Theywillhavebeenherefor5yearsnextFriday.?.Bytheendofnextterm,thestudentswillhavefinishedthebook.十四.過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)：would/shouldhave+過(guò)去分詞表示從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間看將來(lái)某時(shí)之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作.Hesaidthattheywouldhavearrivedbyseveno'clock.十五.將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：shall/willhavebeen+現(xiàn)在分詞表示某一動(dòng)作將繼續(xù)到將來(lái)某時(shí),且該動(dòng)作此時(shí)尚未發(fā)生.?.WeshallhavebeenstayinghereforfourweekswhenTomarrives.?.Itwillhavebeenrainingforaweekifitdoesnotstoptomorrow.[注：此句型過(guò)于復(fù)雜,人們很少運(yùn)用,了解而已.]單項(xiàng)自測(cè)題〔綜合練習(xí)〕Simplephotographiclensescan'tsharp,undistortedimagesoverawidefield.A.toformB.areformedC.formingD.formOfallthefactorsaffectingagriculturalyields,weatheristheonethemost.A.itinfluencesfarmersB.thatinfluencesfarmersC.farmersthatitinfluencesD.whyfarmersinfluenceitBytrackingtheeyeofahurricane,forecasterscandeterminethespeedatwhichA.isastormmovingB.astormismovingC.ismovingastormD.amovingstormDuringthefloodof1927,theRedCross,outofemergencyheadquartersinMississippi,setuptemporarysheltersforthehomeless.A.operatesB.isoperatingC.hasoperatedD.operatingOfalltheeconomicallyimportantplants,palmshavebeen.A.theleaststudiedB.studytheleastC.studylessandlessD.tostudythelessDuringaneclipseofthesun,intheshadowoftheMoon.A.theEarthliesB.theEarthwhenlyingC.thattheEarthliesD.thelyingEarthThephotoperiodicresponseofalgaeactuallydependsonthedurationofdarkness,.A.thelightisnotonB.andnotonlightC.butisnotonthelightD.isnotonlightThewallflowerbecauseitsweakstemsoftengrowonwallsandalongstrongcliffsforsupport.A.socalledisB.soiscalledC.issocalledD.calledissoBecauseofitsimportanceinmodernliving,inallpartsoftheworld.algebraisstudiedinschoolsandcollegesstudyingalgebrainschoolsandcollegesandthestudyofalgebrainschoolsandcollegesinschoolsandcollegesarealgebrastudiesSociologistshavelongrecognizedthatsocialtension.elementsfromgrouplivingelementsofanormalgrouplifelivingareagroupofelements

arenormalelementsofgrouplife第二章名詞(Nouns)〔一〕名詞變復(fù)數(shù)：.規(guī)那么名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式：在單數(shù)名詞后力口"s"dayfdaysweek-weeks.在以o,s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的名詞后加“esoherofheroesboxfboxesclassfclassesbushfbusheswatchfwatches.黃金重點(diǎn)：.有些以.結(jié)尾的外來(lái)詞或縮略詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式只加“So.)soprano.以元音字母加.結(jié)尾的單詞只加“s：〔不熟悉的單詞,請(qǐng)你查詞典,懶惰是學(xué).)sopranopiano,photo,zero,radio,bamboo,tobacco,solo,cuckoo,dynamo,cameo,教你一招☆如果以O(shè)結(jié)尾的名詞有生命力,那么該詞匯一般加-es.hero,tomato,potato,Negro〔黑人〕［簡(jiǎn)記：黑人英雄吃西紅柿馬鈴薯.］.以輔音加y結(jié)尾的名詞變y為i再加‘es〞family一familiescityfcities.y前面是元音字母只加“s〞toy-toyskey-keysboyfboysplatoy-toys.以f、fe結(jié)尾的名詞,變f/fe為v加es.calffcalvesknifefknives?留神留神：.以下名詞直接加“s：〔請(qǐng)大聲朗讀三遍,然后背下.注意讀音！〕roof〔房頂〕,reef〔暗礁〕,chief〔首領(lǐng)〕,cliff〔懸崖〕,grief〔悲哀〕,turf〔草皮〕,belief〔信仰〕,gulf〔港灣〕,dwarf〔侏儒〕,safe〔保險(xiǎn)箱〕,sheriff〔長(zhǎng)官〕,tariff〔關(guān)稅〕.scarf〔頭巾〕,wharf〔碼頭〕,staff〔全體職員〕,handkerchief〔手帕〕和hoof〔蹄〕既可直接加“s；又可變f為v加es.〔二〕不規(guī)那么名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式：footffeetmousefmicegoosefgeesechildfchildrenoxfoxenlouseflicewomanwomenmanmen單復(fù)數(shù)同形：sheep,deer,fish,means,Chinese,Japanese,Swiss,works,barracks〔兵營(yíng)〕bellows〔風(fēng)箱〕kennels〔狗窩〕一些英語(yǔ)外來(lái)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：crisis-^crises危機(jī)analysis-^analyses分析oasisfoases綠洲parenthesis-^parentheses括號(hào)axisFxes軸心ellipsisaellipses日蝕hypothesis-^hypotheses假定synopsis-^synopses內(nèi)容提要erratum-^errata勘誤誤表addendum-addenda補(bǔ)遺、附錄medium-^media媒體〔以上單詞熟悉即可〕.復(fù)合名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式：.中間沒(méi)有連字符的合成名詞在詞尾變復(fù)數(shù)：bookshelf-^bookshelveshandfulfhandfuls.man和woman構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞,二者均變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù).manservant-^menservantswomanteacher-^womenteachers.中間有連字符的合成次,在主體詞〔中央意義的詞〕末尾變復(fù)數(shù):sister-in-law-^sisters-in-lawlooker-on-lookers-oneditor-in-chiefeditors-in-chief.以下合成名詞在后一個(gè)詞上變化：sit-infit-ins,grown-up-^grown-upsstand-bystand-bystouch-me-nottouch-me-notsgo-betweengo-betweens.名詞所有格.在大多數(shù)名詞末加“‘s"theboy'stoy,men'swork.以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞直接加“’〞thestudents'readingroom.以s結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞加“’〞Dickens'novelstheactress'performance.合成名詞在最后一個(gè)詞上加“s〞herbrother-in-law'spiano.Somebodyelse'sbooks.〔重要！〕【金牌重點(diǎn)】：除用于有生命的人外,塔〞格還可用于度量衡、地域、天體及一些習(xí)語(yǔ)中：anhour'sdrive,amile'sjourneytenpounds'weight.Beijing'sweathertheearth'ssurfaceastone'sthrow投石之品巨離atone'switsend智窮計(jì)盡toone'sheart'scontent盡情地byahair'sbreadth千鈞一發(fā)atasnail'space緩慢地.雙重所有格：如果被修飾的名詞前有不定冠詞、不定代詞、指示代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞修飾.那么要采用雙重所有格.afriendofmine〔名詞性物主代詞〕achildofhersthelovepoemsofyoursister's注意區(qū)別:?aportraitofhermother她母親的畫像〔畫中人〕?aportraitofhermother's她母親擁有的畫像中的一幅〔不一定是她母親的畫像〕測(cè)試精編：Juliewenttothetobuyapairofshoes.A.shoesstoreB.shoe'sstoreC.shoestoreD.shoes'storeAsasafetyprecaution,allcitycabdriverscarryonlyenoughmoneytomakechangeforabill.A.ten-dollarB.ten-dollarsC.tens-dollarD.ten-dollar'sB.wagesandsavingD.wagesandsavingsB.B.wagesandsavingD.wagesandsavingsB.candyadollar'sworthD.adollarworth'scandyaneffectonhisdevelopmentA.wageandsavingC.wageandsavingsIwant.A.adollarworthcandyC.adollar'sworthofcandyThesurroundingsachildgrowsupinusuallyA.hA.haveB.hadC.doD.has第三章形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)Comparativedegree&Superlativedegree:

比較級(jí)構(gòu)成方式:A.adj/adv+er/estpoor-^poorer-^poorestfastTaster-fastestB.詞尾e+r/stlarge—larger—largestfine-finer—finestC.重讀閉音節(jié)中短元音+輔音詞尾一雙寫輔音詞尾+er/est.big-^bigger-^biggesthot-^hotter-^hottestD.輔音+yV+er/estdryTrierTriestangry-^angrier^angriestE.多音節(jié)形容詞及副詞：more+adj/advmost+adj/advbad/ill—wbad/ill—worse-worstlittleTessTeastgood/well-better-bestmany/much-^more-^mostlateTater一/latestlateTatterTastfar^farther-farthestfar^further-furthest【用法例如】比較級(jí)用于二者相比較,由than構(gòu)成比較狀語(yǔ)從句:?.HelooksstrongerthanI(do).?.TheclimateofShanghaiishotterthanthatofBeijing.?.MySchoolbagislargerthanhers.?.Thebookismuchmoreinterestingthanthatone.筆記要點(diǎn)：兩個(gè)相比較的主語(yǔ)必須相對(duì)應(yīng).?.Itisgettingcolderandcolder.?.Sheisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful筆記要點(diǎn)：兩個(gè)形容詞比較級(jí)由and連在一起,表示“越來(lái)越…??.Theolderwegrow,thepoorerourmemorywillbe.?.Theearlierwestart,thesoonerwe'llgetthere.筆記要點(diǎn)：這種句型結(jié)構(gòu)表示“越……越……〞?.Ipreferthecheaperoneofthetwobooks.?.Ofthetwobrothers,heisthecleverer.筆記要點(diǎn)：二者之比較.而Ofthethreegirls,sheisthecleverest.最高級(jí)構(gòu)成方式：三者或三者以上進(jìn)行比較,the+形容詞/副詞est：Johnisthetallestofthethree.Herunsfastestinourclass.(副詞的最高級(jí)the可省略)ThisisthemostdifficultbookI'veread.Heisclevererthananyotherboyintheclass.(有than時(shí)只用比較級(jí))Sheisyoungerthanalltheotherstudents.測(cè)試精編Sheisthan.A.busier/usB.busier/weC.morebusy/usD.morebusy/weJaneisthanBetty.A.lesstallerB.lesstallestC.lesstallD.notastallJohn'srecordwasnotsogoodasinhisteam.A.alltheplayersB.anyplayer'sC.otherplayersD.anyotherplayer'sChinaiscountryintheworld.A.thethirdlargestB.thelargestthirdC.thethirdlargeD.athirdlargestShanghaihasalargerpopulationthaninchina.A.anycityB.allthecitiesC.anyothercityD.allothercities用所給詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)填空：Thewindowis(narrow)ofthetwo.Whereisthe(near)bus-stop?Heisoneof(famous)Politicians.Doyouhaveany(far)questionstoask?Tomdrivesmuch(careful)thanJohn.第四章被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(PassiveVoice)1.何時(shí)運(yùn)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):〔1〕強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的接受者：AmericawasdiscoveredbyColumbus.22〕不知誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者：Youarewantedonthephone.〔3〕作客觀說(shuō)明：Itissaidthatthemeetinghasbeenputoff.〔經(jīng)典句型〕2.主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)的根本方法：〔說(shuō)起來(lái)容易,掌握起來(lái)需要用心！〕(1)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ).(2)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)橛伞癰e+過(guò)去分詞〞的形式,配合時(shí)態(tài)作相應(yīng)變化.(3)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主語(yǔ)置于介詞by之后,如無(wú)必需,那么省略.(4)不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).現(xiàn)在do(does)Fm/is/are+doneWekeepthepianointheliving-room.Vhepianoiskeptintheliving-room.過(guò)去did^was/were+doneTheybuiltthebridgein1980.Vhebridgewasbuiltin1980.將來(lái)shallshallwilldofwill+be+doneHewillreadthebooktomorrow.—Thebookwillbereadtomorrow.現(xiàn)在完成havehavehasdone-has+been+doneWehavedeliveredthenewspaper.Vhenewspapershavebeendelivered(byus).過(guò)去完成haddonefhadbeendoneShehadseenthefilmbeforeshecamehere.—Thefilmhadbeenseenbeforeshecamehere.將來(lái)將來(lái)完成shallshallwillhavedonefwillhave+been+doneBytheendofthistermweshallhavefinished80texts.—Bytheendofthisterm80textswillhavebeenfinished.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行amamisdoing-is+being+doneareare過(guò)去進(jìn)行Theyaredrawingthepicture.Vhepictureisbeingdrawnbythem.wasdoingfwas+being+donewerewereHewasreviewingtheirlessonsatthismomentyesterday.-^Theirlessonswerebeingreviewedatthismomentyesterday.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞maymaycancanmustmustshoulddofshould+be+doneoughttooughttousedtousedtoYoumustwriteanarticleonthesubject.-^Anarticlemustbewrittenonthesubject.測(cè)試精編單項(xiàng)選擇：Sincethefirstspacemission,manycommunicationsatellites.A.waslaunchedB.arelaunchedC.havebeenlaunchedD.hadbeenlaunchedWhatkindofadviceyou?A.hasgaveB.wasgaveC.hadbeengiventoD.hasgivenTheslavefrommorningtillnight.A.madetoworkB.wasmadeworkingC.wasmadeworkedD.wasmadetoworkTheconstructionofthelaboratorybytheendofJuly.A.mustbecompletingB.mustcompleteC.musthavecompletedD.musthavebeencompletedYourproposalbythecommitteesoon.A.isdiscussedB.hasbeendiscussedC.isgoingtobediscussedD.willhavebeendiscussed第五章非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一.不定式.定義：具有名詞、形容詞及副詞性質(zhì)并具有時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)變化..形式：〔以do為例〕主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

般時(shí)todotobedone完成時(shí)tohtobedone完成時(shí)tohavedonetohavebeendone完成進(jìn)行時(shí)tohavebeendoing.用法：(1)用作主語(yǔ)：TospeakgoodEnglishisnoteasy.or:ItisnoteasytospeakgoodEnglish.(采用形式主語(yǔ)it以預(yù)防頭重腳輕)Ittookmeanhourtodothework.(2)用作賓語(yǔ)：Shedecidedtotaketheexamination.Ihopetomeethimsoon.(3)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):Theyexpectedustohelpthem.Hewantshissontostudyhard.金牌重點(diǎn)：不定式作賓補(bǔ),如謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是感官動(dòng)詞,使役性動(dòng)詞(see,hear,notice,watch,make,have,let...),那么不定式符號(hào)‘to〞須省略,但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不能省.Iheardthemsingintheclassroom.Imadehercleantheroom.ThegirlisheardtosinganEnglishsong.(4)用作表語(yǔ)：Tote