高考英語一輪選練習題模塊5Unit2Theenvironment(含解析)牛津譯林版

Theenvironment李仕才一、閱讀理解。Inthedeadofwinter,wedon'ttypicallythinkaboutspendingtimeoutdoors ,butaccordingtomanyphysiciansweshould.Thesunisourgreatestsourceofavitaminthatisessentialforgoodhealth —VitaminD.Thisimportantvitaminstrengthensbonesandteethandislinkedtothepreventionofheartdisease,cancerandmanyotherlife-threateningdiseases.Therecommendeddailyrequirementis400-600InternationalUnits（IU）.Insummer,peoplewithdarkbrowneyesanddarkerskinturnsunlightfromjust15minutesoutsidewithoutsunscreenintoadequateamountsofVitaminD.Evenduringwinter,justa10-minutewalkatmiddaycankeepthebody'sVitaminDathealthylevels.Duringbriefwinterwalks,wereceivethegreatestbenefitswhenwewearnosunscreenandexposeasmuchskintothesunaspossible.VitaminDcanbealsoobtainedfromfoods.SalmonisoneofthebestsourcesoftheVitamin.Eggyolks（蛋黃），cheese,mushroomsandsomeanimalorganscontainsmallerquantitiesofit.Toattractconsumers,foodcompaniesaddVitaminDtosomeoftheirmilkproducts.The practiceofputtingtheVitaminintomilkbeganinthe1930s.Atthattime,manychildren weresufferingfromrickets,anillnessthatiscausedbyadeficiency（缺乏）ofVitaminD.Itmadethechildren'sbonessoftandweak.AddingVitaminDtomilkhelpedtosolvetheproblem,andithasbeenavailableeversince.ForpeoplewhostillneedmoreVitaminD,thereisanotheroption:TakeVitaminDsupplements（補充物）.Theseproductsarewidelysoldinstores.However ,anyoneconsideringtakingsupplementsshouldconsultaphysicianfirst.Duringthewintermonths,people.aren'tabletomeettheirdeadlinesoftendon'tdresswarmlyenoughgenerallyliketoremainindoorsleavelotsofworkforotherstodoAccordingtothetext,VitaminD.canbeobtainedbybeingexposedtothesuncanbeusedtocurelife-threateningdiseasescanbemainlyfoundinsomemilkproductscanmakethechildren'sbonessoftandweakWhyissalmonmentionedinthisarticle?It'sseldompreparedinthecorrectway.It'sausefuladditiontoaperson'sdiet.Ithasahugeimpactontheenvironment.Itsadvantageshavebeenexaggerated.Themainpurposeofthisarticleis.tointroduceavaluablenutrienttoadvertiseVitaminDsupplementstonoterisksassociatedwithanutrienttoexplainhowanutrientwasdiscovered【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇科普文，主要介紹了維生素 D的一些情況。C考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的"Inthedeadofwinter,wedon'ttypicallythinkaboutspendingtimeoutdoors,butaccordingtomanyphysiciansweshould”可知，在冬天人們愿意待在室內(nèi)。A考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段第二句以及第三段第一句可知， 維生素D可以通過曬太陽獲得，故選AB考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段可知， 三文魚是補充維生素 D的食物，因此對我們的飲食是有用的補充物，故選 B。A考查主旨大意。根據(jù)全文可知，本文主要介紹一種營養(yǎng)成分一一維生素 Do二、單項選擇。.Foranartistwhohasnolackofpassionandgreatcouragetoovercomeanydifficulty,inspirationsofhisartwillnever.A.breakoutB.runoutC.workoutD.pullout【答案】B【解析】runout用完，耗盡，符合句意。breakout爆發(fā)；workout計算，解決；pullout駛出，脫離。句意：對于一個不缺少激情和有勇氣戰(zhàn)勝任何困難的藝術(shù)家來說，他的藝術(shù)靈感將永遠不會枯竭。.Meetingagainbychance,LucyandAmyaredelightedtothefriendshipwhereitleftoutyearsago.A.setupB.buildupC.bringupD.pickup【答案】D【解析】setup成立，建立；buildup逐步建立，增進；bringup養(yǎng)育，培養(yǎng)；pickup拾起，偶然學到，接收到，中途搭車，和好如初。 pickupthefriendship意為“重拾友誼"，根據(jù)"whereitleftoutyearsago"（意為"在幾年前遺落的地方 （重拾友誼）”），說明這里填buildup（建立友誼）不合適。句意：碰巧又見面了，露西和艾米高興地在她們數(shù)年前中斷友誼的地方重拾友誼 （即：中斷的友誼仍可以重新開始）。3.Itwasneverclearthemanhadn'treportedtheaccidentsooner.A.thatB.howC.whenD.why【答案】D【解析】句中的it是形式主語， 真正的主語是"themanhadn'treportedtheaccidentsooner.”根據(jù)句意，原句要表達的是“為什么這個老人沒有立馬報案這件事還未查明?！?Wearecommittedtocreatingaworldfreefromthehomelessandthehopeless,aworldeachandeverycomerisatrueparadise.A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.fromwhere【答案】C【解析】...ofwhich 實際上就=whose...。句意：我們致力于創(chuàng)造一個沒有無家可歸者和無望者的世界，一個其中每一個角落都是真正天堂的世界。.Alicehasn'tturnedupsofar.ifsheisabsenttoday?Wedon 'tevenhavethekeyyet.A.HowB.WhyC.WhatD.When【答案】CoWhatif'???“倘若……又會怎么樣” 。句意：“如果今天她不來怎么辦，我們甚至沒有鑰匙。 ”.acertaindoubtamongthepeoplewhetherthevalueoftheprojectispractical.A.IthasB.TheyhaveC.ItremainsD.Thereremains

【解析】Thereis/remainssome/certaindoubt【解析】Thereis/remainssome/certaindoubtO句意：對于這個項目的實際價值人們?nèi)匀挥袘岩伞?knowledgeamanhas,itisforhimtogetagoodjob.A.Themore,moredifficultB.Themore,theeasierC.Themore,easierD.Theless,moredifficult【答案】B【解析】考查the+比較級……，the+比較級用法，意為“越……越……”表示一方的程度隨著另一方的變化而變化。句意：一個人掌握的知識越多，找到好的工作就越容易。8.AChinesestudent'sprint—likehandwritingcausedcontroversyamongBritishInternetusers,bothpraiseandquestionsaboutindividuality.A.drewB.drawingC.todrawD.havingdrawn【答案】B【解析】根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這里不能選用謂語動詞，由此可以排除A項；動詞不定式表示將來的動作，不合題意， 排除C項；由于draw的動作和cause的動作不存在明顯的先后關(guān)系， 因此不用完成式，排除D項。只有B項正確，現(xiàn)在分詞短語在這里表示結(jié)果。句意：有一位中國學生的看上去像印刷體的書法引起了英國互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶的爭議一一對個性的贊美和質(zhì)疑。ntheadultceremony,theseniorstudentsfeeltheyareshoulderingheavierresponsibilitiesnow.A.SwearB.SwornC.HavingswornD.Tohavesworn【答案】C【解析】邏輯主語students與swear為主謂關(guān)系，而且swear的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞feel的動作之前，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。句意：成人儀式宣誓后，高年級學生覺得現(xiàn)在他們肩上的責任更重了。10.ARussianplanebrokeupintheair,all224peopleonboardwhichwasbelievedbyabombplantedbyIslamicState.A.killing;tohavebeencausedB.havingkilling;tohavebeencausedC.killing;tobecausedD.havingkilled;tohavecaused【答案】A【解析】第一空用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語， 表示結(jié)果；第二空動詞不定式用完成式， 因為是已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的事情，而且cause此處要用被動態(tài)，故用不定式的完成被動形式。句意：一架俄國飛機在空中解體了致機上224人死亡，據(jù)信是由伊斯蘭國所放置的炸彈造成的。ll.WatchingfootballgamesonTVathomeisonething,goingtowatchthemliveisquiteanother.A.performB.performingC.toperformD.beingperformed【答案】D【解析】根據(jù)句意可知，perform與其邏輯主語them之間為動賓關(guān)系，要選被動意義的選項，而本題四個選項中只有 D項為被動意義，其他三項皆為主動意義，beingperformed為現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式， 作賓語補足語。句意：在家的電視上看足球比賽是一回事，看現(xiàn)場直播又是另外一回事。12.anincreaseinforeignlegalconflicts,Chinaisexpectedtoseethenumbercontinuetorise.A.TowitnessB.BeingwitnessedC.WitnessedD.Havingwitnessed【答案】D【解析】China與witness為主謂關(guān)系，由此可排除 B、C兩項；另外，witness動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，即D項正確。句意：見證了涉外法律沖突的增長，希望中國看到這種數(shù)字的繼續(xù)上升。13.intothefinalroundoftheAsianqualifiersforthefirsttimesince2001,Chinesesoccerstillfacesalonghardroad.A.MovedB.MovingC.TomoveD.Havingmoved【答案】D【解析】ChineseSoccer和move之間為主謂關(guān)系，因此可以排除A項；另外，由于move的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞faces的動作之前，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時，即D項正確。句意：中國足球隊自從2001年首次進入亞洲預(yù)選賽的最后一輪后，面臨著一條漫長而艱辛的路。4.Ifoundmycomputerfunctioningmuchbetter,anewoperatingsystem.A.toinstallB.installingC.havinginstalledD.installed【答案】C【解析】install 的動作發(fā)生在found的動作之前，而且I與install 為主謂關(guān)系，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，即C項正確。句意：由于安裝了新的驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的電腦的功能更強大了。15.Manynaturaldisasterstookplaceacrossthecountry,severelossesonpeople'slifeandproperty.A.tohavebroughtB.onlybringingC.onlytobringD.havingbrought【答案】B【解析】 句意：全國各地發(fā)生了很多自然災(zāi)害， 給人們的生命和財產(chǎn)帶來了嚴重的損失。現(xiàn)在分詞短語“onlybringseverelossesonpeople'slifeandproperty”在這里作結(jié)果狀語。inplayingcomputergames,hedidn'tfindhismotherenterhisbedroom.A.AbsorbingB.TobeabsorbedC.ToabsorbD.Absorbed【答案】B【解析】absorbedin全神貫注于，在句中作狀語。句意：全神貫注于打電腦游戲，他沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)他媽媽進了他的臥室。Theoldmanshowedushowtopartofthesurfaceofthewoodandletapatternin.A.cutdownB.cutinC.cutoutD.cutup【答案】C【解析】cutdown砍到；cutin插話；cutout剪裁；剪下；cutup切碎。句意：老人向我展示了如何把木材的表面裁下，再把一個圖案貼上去。三、完形填空。Ipromiseyou,therewillneverbeaperfecttimetodoanythinginyourlife.willeverfeel100%certainormakeperfectsensetoyouandeveryoneelse.Therewill2beaperfecttimetofallinlove,ortotraveltheworld.Youwillneverhaveenoughtraining,enoughpreparation,orenoughmoney.And3this,evenwhenyoufeelreadytotakeabravestepintothe 4,otherswilllikelytryto 5yououtofit.Becausetheywon'tfeelreadythemselves,andyourambitionandbraverywill6theirlevelsofcomfort.Butyoudon't7themanC.beautiful D.trueC.beautiful D.trueexplanation,oranyotherpersonal 8youdontwanttomake.Thisisratherdifficultto 9atfirst.Waitingtofeel100%readyorsureisthe10wayinwhichwecheatourselvesoutofwonderfullifeexperiences.Ichallengeyouto11freeyourselffromthisself-limitingstateofmind.Bookthatplaneticket,evenifyoufeellotsof12.Signupforthateducationalcourse,evenifyouhavenoidea13itwillgo.TrustmewhenItellyouitwillallcometogetherforthe 14Whenyouachieveyourdreamswith15,whenyoumeetthemwithmentalandphysicaldevotion,you16yourtrustintheactofLIVING.Youmakeyourdreamsa17insteadoflineitemsonalist.Andthat'sgoodbecauseyourdreamsare18toexperience.Youhaveto19themoutintherealworldtoknowifthey'repossibleandworthwhileadventuresinthelongrun.Asyou20onthisnewjourneyofliving,rememberthatsomepeoplearoundyouwillnaturallybetakenaback.Butaslongasyouaren'thurtingthem,youdon'towethemanythingthattakesawayyourpowertomoveforwardwithyourlife.【文章大意】本文主要介紹了在我們的生活中永遠不會有一個完美的時間去做任何事情。 所以我們應(yīng)該想做就做，不要顧慮太多，當我們在一個新的生活之旅中前進時 ，我們才會發(fā)現(xiàn)它帶來的驚喜。A.Something B.NothingC.Anything D.Everything【解析】選Bo根據(jù)上文說在你的生活中永遠不會有一個完美的時間去做任何事情。可知句意：沒有什么能讓你和其他人擁有 100嘛定的或完美的感覺。故選 BoA.never B.alwaysC.occasionally D.forever【解析】選Ao從來都沒有一個可以去戀愛和去世界各地旅行的完美時候。故選 AoA.despite B.for C.from D.after【解析】選A這里的盡管如此是指上文提到的沒有時間去戀愛、去旅行等。 despite盡管，故選A。A.impossible B.unknown【解析】選B。盡管如此，即使你準備勇敢地踏入未知世界。 unknown未知的,故選B。A.help B.cheat C.talk D.get【解析】選C。其他人也可能會試圖說服你放棄它。 help幫助；cheat欺騙；talk談話、勸說;get得到。故選CoA.improve B.removeC.increase D.challenge【解析】選D。因為他們自己不會覺得自己準備好了 ，你的雄心和勇敢會挑戰(zhàn)他們的舒適度。也就是你的做法讓他們不舒服。 improve提高；remove移除；increase增加；challenge挑戰(zhàn)。故選DoA.offer B.give C.allow D.owe【解析】選D=但你不欠他們一個解釋。 offer提供；give給；allow允許；owe欠。故選DoA.excuse B.decisionC.sacrifice D.profit【解析】選C。或者你也不必做出任何你不想做的個人犧牲。 excuse借口；decision決定；sacrifice犧牲；profit 禾U潤。故選C。A.refuse B.graspC.admit D.confirm【解析】選B。這一點很難掌握?！斑@一點”是指找到合適的時機做自己的事 ，無需向他人解釋。refuse拒絕；grasp抓住、掌握；admit承認；confirm證實。故選B。A.hardest B.bitterestC.easiest D.dullest【解析】選C。等待自己感到100%t備好了或很肯定時再去做是一種最簡單的欺騙自己去錯過精彩人生經(jīng)歷的辦法。 hardest最困又t的；bitterest最苦的；easiest最容易的；dullest最遲鈍的。故選C。A.automatically B.casuallyC.vainly D.consciously【解析】選D。我要讓你有意識地讓自己擺脫這種自我限制的心態(tài)。 automatically自動地；casually隨意地；vainly 徒勞地；consciously 有意識地。故選D。C.anxietyA.uncertainty B.comfortC.anxietyD.hopelessness

【解析】選A。訂下那弓飛機票,盡管你感到了很多的不確定性。 uncertainty 不確定;B.whencomfort舒適;anxiety焦慮;hopelessness無希望。故選A。B.whenA.howC.why D.whether【解析】選Ao報名參加那個教育課程，即使你不知道會怎么樣發(fā)展。故選 AoA.worse B.better C.closer D.deeper【解析】選Bo當我告訴你一切都會好起來的時候 ，請相信我。A.difficulty B.doubtC.intention D.success【解析】選Co當你有意識地去實現(xiàn)你的夢想時 ，當你以精神和肉體的投入去面對它們時你就把你的信任投入到生活的行動中去了。 difficulty困難；doubt懷疑；intention目的；success成功。故選CoA.carry B.removeC.experience D.invest【解析】選Docarry攜帶；remove移除；experience經(jīng)歷；invest投資，投入。故選D。A.reality B.priorityC.burden D.relief【解析】選B。你優(yōu)先考慮你的夢想而不只是紙上談兵。 reality現(xiàn)實；priority 優(yōu)先權(quán)；burden負擔；relief安心。故選B。A.meant B.listedC.realized D.entitled【解析】選Ao那很好，因為你的夢想就意味著體驗。 mean意味著；list列出；realize意識到；entitle 使有資格。故選A。19.A.checkB.bring C.work D.test19.A.checkB.bring C.work D.test【解析】選【解析】選D。你必須在現(xiàn)實世界中測試它們以確定它們是否有可能，并且值得長期冒險。check核對；bring帶來;work工作check核對；bring帶來;work工作;test測試。故選Do20.A.wanderB.restC.progressD.hesitate【解析】選Co當你在這個新的生活之旅中取得進展時 ，記?。耗阒車囊恍┤俗匀粫蟪砸惑@。wander閑逛；rest休息；progress進步，前進；hesitate猶豫。故選0=四、七選五。Everyculturehasitsownunwrittenlistofbehaviorthatisacceptable.Everysocietyalsohasitstaboos,ortypesofbehaviorthatareconsideredaviolationofgoodmanners.ThewordtaboocomesfromtheTonganlanguageandisusedinmodernEnglishtodescribeverbalandnonverbalbehaviorthatisforbiddenortobeavoided.1.Theytendtobespecifictoacultureorcountry,andusuallyformaroundagroupsvaluesandbeliefs.Whatisconsideredacceptablebehaviorinonecountrymaybeaserioustabooinanother.Verbaltaboosusuallyinvolvetopicsthatpeoplebelievearetooprivatetotalkaboutpublicly, orrelatetoone'smannerofspeaking.Inmanycultures, forexample,itisconsideredbadmannerstodiscusssubjectssuchassexorreligion inpublic.Insomecountries,toomuchvolumeofone'svoicemayannoypeople.2.Forexample,oneofthebiggestdifferences amongmanyWestern,Asian,andAfricanculturesistheuseofeyecontact.IntheUI.S.,peoplemakeeyecontactwhentheytalktoothers.4.InmanyAsianandAfricancultures,however,childrenaretaughttolowertheireyeswhentalkingtotheirelders,orthoseofhigherrank,asawaytoshowrespect.Certaingesturesmadewiththehandscanhaveverydifferentmeaningsdependingonthecountryyouarein.CrossingyourmiddlefingeroveryourforefingeristhesignforgoodluckinmanyWesterncountries.5.Al