2019屆上海市黃浦區(qū)高三三模英語(yǔ)試題(解析版)

2019屆上海市黃浦區(qū)高三三模英語(yǔ)Ⅱ.GrammarandvocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.MayDayinIndiaEachMay1,workersinIndiajoinothersaroundtheworldtomarkMayDay,dependingonlocalcustoms.It'squiteappropriatethatIndiacelebrateswithanofficialholidayinsomeofits29statesandsevenunionterritories.Afterall,thecountryhasan___1___(estimate)522millionworkers,morethantheentirepopulationoftheUnitedStates.Here'saQ&AonMayDayingeneral:Isn'tMayDayaboutdancingaroundapole?Youarecorrect—dancingisinvolved.That'sbecause“MayDay”actuallydoesdoubleduty,celebradifferentthings.MayDayoriginallystartedoutasacelebrationwithrootsinromantraditions.BytheMiddleAges,MayDayalso___2___(involve)themaypole,whichismadeofwoodandcoveredwithdecorations.Thoseareheldbydancers___3___circlearoundthepole.That___4___betheMayDayyourememberfromyourchildhood,andthat 'soneofthetwowaysMayDacelebrated.Whatdoesthathavetodowithworkers?ThisiswhereMayDay 'sdoubledutycomesin.InMay1886,USactivistsorganizedanationalstrike___5___(seek)aneight-hourworkday.InChicago 'sHaymarketSquare,theprotestturnedviolentwitharound11to15deaths___6___policeandparticipants.___7___(honor)theworkersintheHaymarketdisturbance,theInternationalSocialistConferencedeclaredMaywouldbeadaylabeledforlabor,tobecalledInternationalWorkers ___8_'__(Desatya.bTlihseh)haotliadaymeetingin1889andeventuallyspreadtomanypartsoftheworld.

Andthat'__s_9___maypoles,laborparadesandprotestsareallpartofMay1.SowheredoesIndiafitinwithallofthis?India'sfirstLaborDaywascelebratedin1923inMadras,nowcalledChennai.Overtime,theholidayspreadtootherpartsofthecountry.AccordingtoH,organizationsandtradeunionsarrangeparadesand “__c_h1i0ld_r_e_nentercontestheycanunderstandtheimportanceoffairnessforworkers. ”【答案】1.estimated2.involved3.who4.may/might/can/could5.seeking6.amongTohonorwasestablishedwhy10.sothat【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了每年的5月1日，印度的工人們會(huì)根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)氐牧?xí)俗，與世界各地的人們一起慶祝五一節(jié)。以及一些關(guān)于五一節(jié)起源的歷史介紹。1題詳解】522million應(yīng)用形容詞，考查形容詞。畢竟，這個(gè)國(guó)家估計(jì)有5.22522million應(yīng)用形容詞，表示“估計(jì)的”。故填estimated表示“估計(jì)的”。故填estimated。題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)上文時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)BytheMiddleAges考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)上文時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)BytheMiddleAges可知應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填involved。題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：那些是由繞著鋼管跳舞的人拿著的。此處為定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞dancers考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：那些是由繞著鋼管跳舞的人拿著的。此處為定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞dancers，且先行詞4題詳解】根據(jù)句意和后在從句中作主語(yǔ)，指人故用關(guān)系代詞who。故填who4題詳解】根據(jù)句意和后考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：那可能是你從小就記得的五一節(jié)，那是慶祝五一節(jié)的兩種方式之一。文be為動(dòng)詞原形可知應(yīng)填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表示“可能”的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可用may/might/can/could。故填may/might/can/could?！?題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：1886年5月，美國(guó)激進(jìn)分子組織了一次全國(guó)罷工，要求一天工作八小時(shí)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知seek在句中應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，且與邏輯主語(yǔ) USactivists構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填seeking?！?題詳解】考查介詞。句意：在芝加哥的Haymarket廣場(chǎng)，抗議演變成暴力沖突，在警察和參與者中大約有 11到15名死亡。結(jié)合句意以及后文policeandparticipants可知表示“在（三者以上）??中”應(yīng)用介詞 among。故填among?！?題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：為了紀(jì)念在Haymarket騷亂中的工人們，國(guó)際社會(huì)主義大會(huì)宣布5月1日為勞動(dòng)節(jié)，稱為國(guó)際勞動(dòng)節(jié)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知honor在句中應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式作狀語(yǔ)，且本句中作目的狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用不定式。句首字母要大寫(xiě)。故填Tohonor?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)后文in1889可知應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，且主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，主語(yǔ)為holiday，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。故填wasestablished?！?題詳解】考查固定句型。句意：這就是為什么五月柱、勞工游行和抗議活動(dòng)都是5月1日的一部分。結(jié)合句意表示“這就是為什么??”固定句型為thatiswhy?。故填why?！?0題詳解】考查連詞。句意：根據(jù)H的說(shuō)法，組織和工會(huì)組織游行，“孩子們參加比賽，以便他們能夠理解公平對(duì)工人的重要性?！贝颂帪槟康臓钫Z(yǔ)從句，表示“以便”應(yīng)用sothat引導(dǎo)。故填sothat。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.TheRiseoftheSmartCityTheinformationrevolutionischangingthewaycitiesarerun-andthelivesofitsresidents.Citieshaveawaytogobeforetheycanbeconsideredgeniuses.Butthey 'regettingsmartprettyfast.Injustthepastfewyears,mayorsandotherofficialsincitiesacrossthecountryhavebeguntodrawon___11___-aboutincome,traffic,fires,illnesses,parkingticketsandmore-tohandlemanyoftheproblemsofurbanlife.Whetherit 'smakingiteasierforresidentstofindparkingplaces,orgivingsmokealarmstothehouseholdsthataremostlikelytosufferfatalfires,big-datatechnologiesarebeginningto___12___thewaycitieswork.Citieshavejust___13___thesurfaceinusingdatatoimproveoperations,butbigchangesarealreadyunderwayinleadingsmartcities,saysStephenGoldsmith,aprofessorofgovernmentanddirectoroftheInnovationsinGovernmentProgramattheHarvardKennedySchool. “Intermsofcitygovernance,weareatoneofthemost___14___periodsinthelastcentury, ”hesays.Althoughcitieshavebeenusingdatainvariousformsfordecades,themodernpracticeofcivicanalytics（民情分析）hasonlybeguntotakeoffinthepastfewyears,thankstoahostof___15___changes.Amongthem:thegrowthofcloudcomputing,whichdramaticallylowersthecostsofstoringinformation;newdevelopmentsinmachinelearning,whichput___16___analyticaltoolsinthehandofcityofficials;theInternetandtheriseofinexpensivesensorsthatcantrackvastamountofinformationsuchastrafficorairpollution;andthewidespreaduseofsmartphoneappsandmobiledevicesthatenablecitizensandcityworkersaliketomonitorproblemsand___17___informationaboutthembacktocityhall.Allthisdatacollectionraisesunderstandableprivacy___18___.Mostcitieshavepoliciesdesignedtosafeguardcitizenprivacyandpreventthereleaseofinformationthatmight___19___anyoneindividual.Intheory,anyway.Widespreaduseofsensorsandvideocanalsopresentprivacyrisksunless___20___aretaken.Thetechnology “isforcingcitiestofacequestionsofprivacythattheyhaven 'thadtofacebefore, ”saysBenGreenBerkmanKleinCenterforInternetandSocietyandleadauthorofarecentreportonopen-dataprivacy.【答案】11.D12.K13.I14.CTOC\o"1-5"\h\z15.J 16.A17.F 18.B19.G 20.H解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。信息革命正在改變城市的運(yùn)行方式，以及城市居民的生活。就在過(guò)去幾年里，全國(guó)各城市的市長(zhǎng)和其他官員開(kāi)始利用有關(guān)收入、交通、火災(zāi)、疾病、停車罰單等方面的數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)處理城市生活中的許多問(wèn)題。有人指出就城市治理而言，我們正處于上個(gè)世紀(jì)最重要的時(shí)期之一。文章說(shuō)明了現(xiàn)代公民技術(shù)發(fā)展的一些表現(xiàn)以及這些數(shù)據(jù)的收集而引起的個(gè)人隱私方面的擔(dān)憂?！?1題詳解】考查名詞。句意：就在過(guò)去幾年里，全國(guó)各城市的市長(zhǎng)和其他官員開(kāi)始利用有關(guān)收入、交通、火災(zāi)、疾病、停車罰單等方面的數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)處理城市生活中的許多問(wèn)題。此處作賓語(yǔ)，表示“數(shù)據(jù)”應(yīng)用名詞data。故填data。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：無(wú)論是讓居民更容易找到停車位，還是為最有可能遭受致命火災(zāi)的家庭提供煙霧報(bào)警器，大數(shù)據(jù)技術(shù)正開(kāi)始改變城市的運(yùn)作方式。結(jié)合句意表示“改變”可知?jiǎng)釉~transform，且根據(jù)上文begintodosth.可知，應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形。故填transform。故選K?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：哈佛大學(xué)肯尼迪學(xué)院政府創(chuàng)新項(xiàng)目主任、政府教授StephenGoldsmith表示，在利用數(shù)據(jù)改善運(yùn)營(yíng)方面，城市只是觸及了表面，但領(lǐng)先的智能城市已經(jīng)開(kāi)始發(fā)生重大變化。此處需要謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，且表示“觸及”動(dòng)詞為scratch，結(jié)合上文Citieshavejust可知為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。scratchthesurface“觸及表面”。故填scratched。故選I?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：他表示:“就城市治理而言，我們正處于上個(gè)世紀(jì)最重要的時(shí)期之一?！苯Y(jié)合句意，且修飾后文名詞periods，應(yīng)用形容詞consequential作定語(yǔ)，表示“重要的”。故填consequential。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：盡管城市使用各種形式的數(shù)據(jù)已經(jīng)有幾十年了，但是由于大量的技術(shù)變革，現(xiàn)代的公民分析才剛剛開(kāi)始起飛。修飾后文名詞 changes，應(yīng)用形容詞technological作定語(yǔ)，表示“技術(shù)的”。故填technological。故選J?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)的新發(fā)展，把先進(jìn)的分析工具交到市政官員手中。修飾后文名詞tools，應(yīng)用形容詞advanced作定語(yǔ)，表示“先進(jìn)的”。故填 advanced。故選A?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：智能手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序和移動(dòng)設(shè)備的廣泛使用，使市民和城市工作人員都能監(jiān)控問(wèn)題，并將相關(guān)信息反饋給市政廳。結(jié)合句意表示“反饋”可知短語(yǔ) feedback，且根據(jù)上文tomonitorproblemsand可知，應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形。故填feed。故選F?！?8題詳解】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：所有這些數(shù)據(jù)的收集引起了可以理解的隱私擔(dān)憂。表示“擔(dān)憂”且作賓語(yǔ)應(yīng)用名詞concern，且concern為可數(shù)名詞，前面沒(méi)有冠詞故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填 concerns。故選B?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：大多數(shù)城市都有保護(hù)公民隱私和防止泄露可能識(shí)別任何個(gè)人身份的信息的政策。結(jié)合句意表示“識(shí)別”且作謂語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞identify，且might后跟動(dòng)詞原形。故填identify。故選G?！?0題詳解】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：如果不采取預(yù)防措施，傳感器和視頻的廣泛使用也會(huì)帶來(lái)隱私風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。條件狀語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，表示“預(yù)防”，應(yīng)用名詞precaution，且根據(jù)后文are可知，應(yīng)填復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填precautions。故選H。Ⅲ.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Inthefoodindustry,itseems,therobotrevolutioniswellunderway,withmachinesmasteringskilledtasksthathavealwaysbeenperformedbypeople.InBoston,robotshavedisplaced___21___andarecreatingcomplexbowlsoffoodforcustomers.InPrague,machinesare___22___waitersandserversusinganapp.InDenver,they 'retakingorders.Robotsareevenmtheperfectloafofbreadthesedays,takingchargeofa(n)___23___thathasremainedinhumanhandsforthousandsofyears.NowcomesBriggo,acompanythathascreatedafully___24___,roboticcoffeemachinethatcanpushout100cupsofcoffeeinasinglehour--equalingthe___25___ofthreetofourbaristas(咖啡師),accordingtothecompany.UsingamixofLatinAmericanbeans,themachinecreates___26___cupsofcoffeethatcanbeorderedviaanapp,givingcustomerscontroloveringredients,flavoringsandtemperaturewithoutanyhumaninteraction.Thecompanysaysnootherbusinessintheworldhasappliedasmuch___27___to“specialtycoffee.”

Removingthe___28___elementfromorderingacupofcoffeeisoneofthecompanysprimarysellingNomorelines,nomorecounterconfusion,nomoremisspellednames,”Briggo'swebsitesays.KevinNater,Briggo'spresidentandchiefexecutive,saidthemachinewouldbestfitlocationsinwhich29___ishighlyvalued,likeairportsandofficebuildings,whereseveralofthemachinescurrentlyoperate.Imagineyou'recomingintothesecuritylineattheairport,yourflightiscomingup,andyouknowthatifyouwantacoffeeyou 'regoingtostandinalongline,”saidNater.Removingthe___28___elementfromorderingacupofcoffeeisoneofthecompanysprimarysellingNomorelines,nomorecounterconfusion,nomoremisspellednames,”Briggo'swebsitesays.KevinNater,Briggo'spresidentandchiefexecutive,saidthemachinewouldbestfitlocationsinwhich29___ishighlyvalued,likeairportsandofficebuildings,whereseveralofthemachinescurrentlyoperate.Imagineyou'recomingintothesecuritylineattheairport,yourflightiscomingup,andyouknowthatifyouwantacoffeeyou 'regoingtostandinalongline,”saidNater.Fromthesecurityline,youcansimplofcoffeeandpickitupatthecoffeehausandmakeittoyourflight30I'veneverfoundanyonewhowantstostandinlinealongtime,”headded.“We'vejustch31ButOliveGeib,a24-year-oldbaristainAnnapolis,Md.,remained32 .Ascoffeeisbeingmadebyabarista,hesaid,subtly（細(xì)微地）adjustingtheratioofwatertocoffeebeanasflavordevelopsthroughrefinedtastetests,isacrucialpartoftheprocess.Allthenumbersanddataintheworldcan'tactuallytelly33”Geibsaid.absolutelynot.”34 absolutelynot.”Alotofcustomersreallyappreciatewatchingabaristacarefullypouringwaterorsteamingthemilk,This____35 aspect,theatmosphereandtheinteractionwiththebarista,isabigpartoftheexperienceofdrinkingcoffee. ”21.A.waitressesB.baristasC.cooksD.machines22.A.replacingB.recruitingC.restoringD.resisting23.A.roomB.artC.schoolD.oven24.A.typicalB.inaccessibleC.challengingD.automatic25.A.qualityB.outputC.timeD.cost26.A.sugar-freeB.fruit-flavoredC.customizedD.professional27.A.inspirationB.technologyC.correctionD.strictness28.A.safetyB.stressC.humanD.design29.A.serviceB.preparationC.reliabilityD.convenience30A.ontimeB.forrealC.inadvanceD.withoutnotice31.A.gameB.priceC.factD.myth32.A.nervousB.sadC.annoyedD.doubtful

33.A.looksB.changesC.sellsD.tastes34.A.distinguishedB.difficultC.loyalD.lazy35.A.culturalB.socialC.skillfulD.mindful【答案】21.C22.A23.B24.D25.B26.C27.B28.C31.A32.D33.D34.C35.B解析】29.D30.A這是一篇說(shuō)明文。在食品行業(yè)，機(jī)器人革命似乎正在順利進(jìn)行，機(jī)器掌握了一直由人類完成的技術(shù)任務(wù)。這是一篇說(shuō)明文。在食品行業(yè)，機(jī)器人革命似乎正在順利進(jìn)行，機(jī)器掌握了一直由人類完成的技術(shù)任務(wù)。文章以Briggo公司推出的一款全自動(dòng)機(jī)器人咖啡機(jī)說(shuō)明了這一點(diǎn)。21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在波士頓，機(jī)器人取代了廚師，正在為顧客制作復(fù)雜 食物。A.waitresses女服務(wù)生；B.baristas咖啡師，咖啡吧員；C.cooks廚師；D.machines機(jī)器。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，食物通常由“廚師”制作。故選C。22題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在布拉格，機(jī)器正在用一種應(yīng)用程序取代服務(wù)員。 A.replacing取代；B.re征募，聘用；C.restoring恢復(fù)，修復(fù)；D.resisting抵抗，抵制。根據(jù)第一段中的“withmachinesmasteritasksthathavealwaysbeenperformedbypeople”，，，機(jī)器“取代”了服務(wù)員。故選23題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如今，機(jī)器人甚至能做出完美的面包，掌控了一項(xiàng)人類掌握了幾千年的藝A.room考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在布拉格，機(jī)器正在用一種應(yīng)用程序取代服務(wù)員。 A.replacing取代；B.re征募，聘用；C.restoring恢復(fù)，修復(fù)；D.resisting抵抗，抵制。根據(jù)第一段中的“withmachinesmasteritasksthathavealwaysbeenperformedbypeople”，，，機(jī)器“取代”了服務(wù)員。故選23題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如今，機(jī)器人甚至能做出完美的面包，掌控了一項(xiàng)人類掌握了幾千年的藝A.room房間；B.art藝術(shù)，技術(shù)；C.school學(xué)校；D.oven烤爐，烤箱。制作面包是一項(xiàng)烹飪24題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在，Briggo公司推出了一款全自動(dòng)機(jī)器人咖啡機(jī)，該公司稱，這可以在一小時(shí)內(nèi)產(chǎn)出100杯咖啡，相當(dāng)于三到四名咖啡師的產(chǎn)出。 A.typical典型的；B.inaA。啡機(jī)ssible難到達(dá)的，難接近的；C.challenging有挑戰(zhàn)性的；D.automatic自動(dòng)的，無(wú)意識(shí)的。根據(jù)后面的“roboticcoffeemachine”可知，這臺(tái)機(jī)器是“全自動(dòng)的”。故選 D。【25題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在，Briggo公司推出了一款全自動(dòng)機(jī)器人咖啡機(jī)，該公司稱，這款咖啡機(jī)可以在一小時(shí)內(nèi)產(chǎn)出100杯咖啡，相當(dāng)于三到四名咖啡師的產(chǎn)出。quality質(zhì)量；B.output輸出量，產(chǎn)量；C.time時(shí)間；D.cost費(fèi)用，代價(jià)。一小時(shí)產(chǎn)出100杯咖啡，這是三到四名咖啡師的“產(chǎn)量”。故選B。【26題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：使用拉丁美洲咖啡豆的混合物，這臺(tái)機(jī)器可以制作出定制的咖啡，顧客可以通過(guò)應(yīng)用程序來(lái)訂購(gòu)，這樣顧客就可以在不需要人工干預(yù)的情況下控制原料、調(diào)味料和溫度。 A.sugar-free無(wú)糖的；B.fruit-flavored果味的；C.customized定制的，用戶化的；D.professional專業(yè)的，職業(yè)的。根據(jù)后面的“thatcanbeorderedviaanapp,givingcustomerscontroloveringredients,flavoringsandtemperaturewithoutanyhumaninteraction”可知，顧客可以通過(guò)應(yīng)用程序來(lái)訂購(gòu)，顧客可以在不需要人工干預(yù)的情況下控制原料、調(diào)味料和溫度。由此推知，這臺(tái)機(jī)器制作出的咖啡是顧客“定制的”。故選C。【27題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：該公司表示，世界上沒(méi)有其他公司在“特色咖啡”上使用了如此多的技術(shù)。A.inspiration鼓舞，靈感；B.technology技術(shù)；C.correction糾正；D.strictness嚴(yán)格。該段前部分提到，這臺(tái)機(jī)器可以制作出定制咖啡，這屬于一種“技術(shù)”。世界上沒(méi)有其他公司在“特色咖啡”上使用了如此多的技術(shù)。故選B?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：該公司的主要賣點(diǎn)之一是在點(diǎn)咖啡時(shí)去掉人為因素。 A.safety安全；B.stress壓力；C.human人；D.design設(shè)計(jì)。下一句中提到的“l(fā)ines（排隊(duì)）；counterconfusion（計(jì)數(shù)器混亂）；misspellednames（拼錯(cuò)的名字）”，這些都屬于“人為因素”。 該公司的主要賣點(diǎn)之一是在點(diǎn)咖啡時(shí)去掉人為因素。故選C?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Briggo總裁兼首席執(zhí)行官凱文?納特（KevinNater）表示，這種機(jī)器最適合那些高度重視便利性的場(chǎng)所，比如機(jī)場(chǎng)和辦公樓，目前有幾臺(tái)機(jī)器在這些地方運(yùn)行。A.service服務(wù)；B.preparation準(zhǔn)備；C.reliability可靠性；D.convenience方便，便利。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，機(jī)場(chǎng)和辦公樓非常重視的是“便利”，所以這種產(chǎn)量極高的咖啡機(jī)非常適合這些地方。故選 D。【30題詳解】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：在安檢線上，你可以點(diǎn)一杯咖啡，然后在咖啡屋取走，然后準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)你的航班。A.ontime按時(shí)；B.forreal認(rèn)真的，嚴(yán)肅的；C.inadvance提前；D.withoutnotice不預(yù)先通知地。根據(jù)上一段的介紹可知，這種咖啡機(jī)非常便利，所以，你在安檢的時(shí)候點(diǎn)一杯咖啡，很快就可以從咖啡屋取走，避免了排隊(duì)等候，這樣，你就可以“準(zhǔn)時(shí)”到達(dá)航班。故選 A?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他補(bǔ)充說(shuō)：“我從沒(méi)發(fā)現(xiàn)有人愿意長(zhǎng)時(shí)間排隊(duì)。”“我們只是改變了行業(yè)規(guī)則。”A.game游戲，行業(yè)，行當(dāng)；B.price價(jià)格；C.fact事實(shí)；D.myth神話。這種咖啡機(jī)的出現(xiàn)避免了顧客排隊(duì)等候，從而改變了這個(gè)行業(yè)。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但奧利文·基卜，一位24歲的安納波利斯咖啡師，仍然心存疑慮。A.nervous緊張的；B.sad傷心的；C.annoyed惱怒的，生氣的；D.doubtful懷疑的。根據(jù)該段剩余部分內(nèi)容可知，咖啡是由咖啡師制作的，在制作過(guò)程中，通過(guò)精細(xì)的口味測(cè)試，可以巧妙地調(diào)整水與咖啡豆的比例，從而形成咖啡的味道，這是一個(gè)至關(guān)重要的環(huán)節(jié)。世界上所有的數(shù)字和數(shù)據(jù)都不能告訴你咖啡的味道。由此推知，奧利文·基卜對(duì)于這種咖啡機(jī)制作的咖啡的味道心存“疑慮”。故選 D?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：世界上所有的數(shù)字和數(shù)據(jù)都不能告訴你咖啡的味道。A.looks看；B.changes改變；C.sells賣；D.tastes嘗。根據(jù)上一句“Ascoffeeisbeingmadebyabarista,hesaid,subtl（y細(xì)微地）adjustingtheratioofwatertocoffeebeanasflavordevelopsthroughrefinedtastetests,isacrucialpartoftheprocess”，，，奧利文·基卜認(rèn)為，咖啡是由咖啡師制作的，在制作過(guò)程中，通過(guò)精細(xì)的口味測(cè)試，可以巧妙地調(diào)整水與咖啡豆的比例，從而形成咖啡的味道，這是一個(gè)至關(guān)重要的環(huán)節(jié)。由此推知，世界上所有的數(shù)字和數(shù)據(jù)都不能告訴你咖啡的味道。即：世界上所有的數(shù)字和數(shù)據(jù)都不能告訴你咖啡“嘗起來(lái)怎么樣”。故選 D。【34題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他說(shuō)，有一群忠實(shí)的人，他們總是會(huì)在咖啡店尋求慢節(jié)奏的互動(dòng)體驗(yàn)。 A.distinguished卓越的，杰出的；B.difficult困難的；C.loyal忠誠(chéng)的；D.lazy懶惰的。根據(jù)后面的“whowillalwaysseekouttheslower,interactiveexperiencesatcoffeeshops”，，，，，，總是會(huì)在咖啡店尋求慢節(jié)奏的互動(dòng)體驗(yàn)，那么，這些人將會(huì)是咖啡店的“忠實(shí)的”顧客。故選 C。【35題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：社交方面，氛圍和與咖啡師的互動(dòng)，是喝咖啡體驗(yàn)的重要組成部分。A.cultural文化的；B.social社會(huì)的，社交的；C.skillful熟練的；D.mindful留意的，留心的。根據(jù)前一句“Alotofcustomersreallyappreciatewatchingabaristacarefullypouringwaterorsteamingthemilk”可知，在咖啡店喝咖啡，顧客們會(huì)在一定程度參與“社交”，和周圍的顧客或咖啡師等互動(dòng)交流。故選 B。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.AWhenwesaythatresidentsintheChicagosuburbofNorthRiverside,Illinois, “wrotethebookgoodneighbors,wearenotexaggerating.TheresidentsofNorthRiversidereallydidwriteabookonneighborlinessthathashelpedmaketheirtownaremarkableplace.NeighborsAll:CreatingCommunityOneBlockataTimeisa65-pagemanualfilledwithfriendlysuggestionsandinspiringstories,alldesignedtobuild “familybonds”amongneighbors.Everyhouseholdgetsacopybyavolunteer “blockcaptain ”taskedwithwelcomingnewarrivals,helpingseniors,makingsurekidsplaynice,andmore.It'sabigjob,butthe90captainsacrossthetownof6,700don 'tdoitalone.Theyareorganizecaptain,CaroSaple,andtheneighborhoodServicesCommittee,whichappointsleadersofallages,includingateamofschool-age“angels”.Ifallthisseemssomewhatbureaucratic（宮僚制度的）,inpracticeNeighborsAllhasverymuchliveduptoitstitle.Onecaptaingottochattingwithaneldercouplewhorevealedthattheycouldn 'taffordtorestove.Beforelong,theNeighborhoodServicesCommitteehadcollectedenoughmoneytobuythemanewone.Anotherresident,awomanfromPoland,toldhercaptainthatshewashavingtroublesortingoutthepaperworktogethercitizenship.Thecaptaintoldthecommittee,whichtoldthemayor,whogotthehelpoftheirlocalcongressperson,andsoonthewoman 'spaperworkwasallinorder.“IhavebeeninNorthRiversideover34yearsandamveryproudofthesmall-towncaringthecommunitydemonstrateseveryday, ”saidVeraJandacekWilt. “Watersrisingintheriver,readytofloodnearbyhomes?Residentsandofficialsarefillingsandbagstoholdbackthefloods.Lonelyseniorshavenotsteppedoutofthehouse?Ablockcaptainshowsuptoinvitethemtoablockparty.Thiscommunitytrulylooksoutforoneanother.DoesallthismeanthatNorthRiversideisperfect?No--neighborsstillquarrel.Kidsstillfight.ButthecommunityspiritthatispartofNorthRiverside 'sDNAappearsallovertown.Inparagraph1,thephrase “wrotethebook”isclosestinmeaningto .showedexpertiseB.learnedalessonputdowninwriting D.revealedsecretsWhichofthefollowingistrueofthebookNeighborsAll?ItincludesinspiringstorieswrittenbyCaroSaple.Itgivesadviceandinstructionsonhowtobenice.ItisahistoricalrecordoftheNorthRiverside.

ItisfortheNeighborhoodServicesCommittee.Whatamongthefollowingaretheresponsibilitiesofablockcaptain?SpreadingcopiesofthebookNeighborsAll;angelsAppointingschool-agekidsasvolunteerangelsvisitingandaccompanyinglonelyseniors.A.(1)and(2)D.Allofabove(2)and(3)A.(1)and(2)D.Allofabove(1)and(3)Accordingtothepassage,VeraJandacekWiltfeltreallyproudof .theneighborlinessinNorthRiversidetheblockpartiesforseniorresidentslivinginaperfectlysafecommunitybecomingacaptainforthoseinneed【答案】36.A37.B 38.C 39.A【解析】本文是夾敘夾議文，介紹了芝加哥郊區(qū)伊利諾斯州北河濱鎮(zhèn)的居民寫(xiě)了一本“關(guān)于如何成為好鄰居的書(shū)”，使這個(gè)鎮(zhèn)上的居民鄰里之間和睦相處，互相照顧。【36題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中關(guān)于這本書(shū)內(nèi)容的描述“NeighborsAll:CreatingCommunityOneBlockataTimeisa65-pagemanualfilledwithfriendlysuggestionsandinspiringstories,alldesignedtobuild “neighbors.（《所有鄰居：每次創(chuàng)建一個(gè)社區(qū)》是一本65頁(yè)的手冊(cè)，書(shū)里都是友好的建議和鼓舞人心的故事，所有這些都是為了在鄰居之間建立“家庭般的關(guān)系”。）”，這本書(shū)里的內(nèi)容是專門(mén)關(guān)于如何成為好鄰居的一些知識(shí)，因此可以猜測(cè)“residents?“wrotethebook”意o思n為?“”鎮(zhèn)上的居民展示了他們?cè)谌绾纬蔀楹绵従臃矫娴膶ｉT(mén)知識(shí)”。再根據(jù)第一段最后一句“ ?hashelpedmaketheirtownaremarkableplace.”可知，由于鎮(zhèn)上居民在鄰里關(guān)系上的專門(mén)知識(shí)，從而做到了睦鄰相處，互相幫助，使該鎮(zhèn)成為了一個(gè)與眾不同的地方。故選A項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“NeighborsAll:CreatingCommunityOneBlockataTimeisa65-pagemanualfilledwithfriendlysuggestionsandinspiringstories,alldesignedtobuild “fa（m《ily所b有on鄰ds居：”amongneig每次創(chuàng)建一個(gè)社區(qū)》是一本65頁(yè)的手冊(cè)，書(shū)里都是友好的建議和鼓舞人心的故事，所有這些故事都是為了在鄰居之間建立“家庭般的關(guān)系”。）”可知，這本書(shū)對(duì)于如何和鄰居友好相處，提出了很好的建議。故選

項(xiàng)。【38題詳解】taskedwith細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Everyhouseholdgetsacopy,deliveredbyavolunteer “blockcaptain”taskedwithwelcomingnewarrivals,helpingseniors,makingsurekidsplaynice,andmore. 每個(gè)家庭都得到一份，?由(一個(gè)志愿“街區(qū)隊(duì)長(zhǎng)”遞送給他們，“街區(qū)隊(duì)長(zhǎng)”的任務(wù)是歡迎新來(lái)者、幫助老年人、確保孩子們玩得好，等等。)”由此可知，“街區(qū)隊(duì)長(zhǎng)”的職責(zé)是向所有鄰居遞送這本小冊(cè)子和幫助老人；再根據(jù)“ ?theneighborhoodServicesCommittee,whichappointsleadersofallages,includingateamofschool-age“ange”ls可知，任命學(xué)齡孩子當(dāng)志愿“天使”是由社區(qū)服務(wù)委員會(huì)負(fù)責(zé)的。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中VeraJandacekWilt所說(shuō)的話“?amveryproudofthesmall-towncaringthecommunitydemonstrateseveryday ?Thiscommunitytrulylooksoutforoneano社the區(qū)r.每(天都展現(xiàn)出的關(guān)心，我對(duì)此感到非常自豪。??.這個(gè)社區(qū)真的互相照顧。)”，并且舉了兩個(gè)例子：河水上漲，居民和官員們填沙袋以阻擋洪水；孤獨(dú)的老人被邀請(qǐng)參加街區(qū)聚會(huì)。由此可知，讓 VeraJandacekWilt感到自豪的是這個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)的睦鄰友好關(guān)系。故選A項(xiàng)。BJustwhenyouthoughtyoufiguredoutMillennials(thosewhoreachedyoungadulthoodaroundtheyear2000),GenerationZisnowenteringtheworkforce.Amassive72.8millionindividualsareincludedinthisgroupbornbetweenthemid-1990sandtheearly2000s.Areyouready?WhilewehavelearnedhowtocreateaculturewhereMillennialscandowell,whatGenerationZneedscanbequitedifferent:MillennialsGenerationZDon'tjustworkforapaycheck,theywantapurpose.MoneyandjobsecurityaretheirtopmotivatorsTheywanttomakeadifferencebutsurvivingandevelopingaremoreimportant.Theyaren'tpursuingjobsatisfaction,theyarepursuingtheirowndevelopment.Theywanttogatherrewardingexperiences.GenZtendtowardsbeingimpatientandoftenexperienceFOMO(FearOfMissingOut),soinstant

feedbackandsatisfactionarekey.Theydon'twantbosses,theywantcoaches.Theywanttobeguidedinanenvironmentwheretheycanadvancequickly.Theywanttolooktheirleadersintheeyeandexperiencehonestyandtransparency.Theydon'twantannualreviews,theywantongoingconversations.Theydon'twantanannualworkassessment,theywanttobeadvisedandgivenfeedbackonanongoingfrequent(daily)basis.Theydon'twanttofixtheirweaknesses,theywanttodeveloptheirstrengths.Theybelievethattherearewinnersandlosers-andmorepeoplefallintothelosingcategory.Theywanttohavethetoolstowin,eitherthroughdevelopingweaknessesorstrengths.Theyhaveacooperativewayofthinkingwhereeveryonejoinsinandworkstogether.72%ofGenZsaidtheyarecompetitivewithdoingthesamejob.Theyareindependentandwanttobejudgedontheirownvalueandshowcasetheirindividualtalents.It'snotjusttheirjob,it 'Salaryandbenefitsandhowtheycanadvancearecentral.TheyareaDIYgenerationandtheyfeelstheirlife.thatothergenerationshaveovercomplicatedtheworkplace.Accordingtothepassage,MillennialsandGenZsharethesamepointofviewon A.jobsatisfactionB.workassessmentC.weaknessesandstrengthsD.salaryandbenefits41.WhichofthefollowingistrueofGenZ'swayofthinking?A.Theyprefertobeteamleaders,notmembers.

Theyenjoyworkingtogetherwithothers.Theydon'twanttocooperate,theycompete.Theyhavetalentsanddon'twanttobejudged.Whoamongthefollowingaremostprobablythetargetreadersofthispassage?Millennials. B.GenerationZ.C.Recruiters. D.FOMOpatients.【答案】40.B 41.C 42.C【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。短文對(duì)“千禧一代”和“Z一代”在職場(chǎng)上的異同點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了大揭秘。40題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Millennials中的“Theydon'twantannualreview”s他們不需要年度評(píng)估。根據(jù)GenerationZ中的“Theydon'twantanannualworkassessm”ent他們不想要年度工作評(píng)估。所以“千禧一代”和“Z一代”對(duì)工作評(píng)估的看法一致。故選B項(xiàng)。41題詳解】42題詳解】更好地了解他們。由此判斷細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Geneindependentandwanttob代表示做同樣的工作，他們個(gè)人才能。由此可知，他們推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段ionZisnowenteringtheworkforce.adulthoodaroundtheyear已經(jīng)了解了千禧一代（那文對(duì)“千禧一代”和“這篇文章的讀者。故選%ofGenZsaidtheyarecompetitivewithdoingthesamejob.Theyareownvalueandshowcasetheirindividualtalents.”可知，72%的Z41題詳解】42題詳解】更好地了解他們。由此判斷細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Geneindependentandwanttob代表示做同樣的工作，他們個(gè)人才能。由此可知，他們推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段ionZisnowenteringtheworkforce.adulthoodaroundtheyear已經(jīng)了解了千禧一代（那文對(duì)“千禧一代”和“這篇文章的讀者。故選%ofGenZsaidtheyarecompetitivewithdoingthesamejob.Theyareownvalueandshowcasetheirindividualtalents.”可知，72%的Z們是獨(dú)立的，希望別人對(duì)他們的價(jià)值進(jìn)行評(píng)判，并展示他們的而喜歡競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。故選C項(xiàng)。outhoughtyoufiguredoutMillennials(thosewhoreachedyoung就在你認(rèn)為自己成年的人）的時(shí)候，Z一代正在進(jìn)入職場(chǎng)。）以及表格內(nèi)容，可知短大揭秘。這有利于招聘公司或者企業(yè)或者其它需要員工的崗位C項(xiàng)。CWeallhaveatendencytofakelaugh,particularlywhenauthorityfiguresinourlivestrytomakeajokethatjustdoesn'tland.Thoughitmightfeelrudenottolaughwhenyouri-nlawsorbosstrytosaysomethingfunny,pretendingtodosomightnotbemuchbetter.Itturnsout,evenifyouthinkthatyourforcedlaughingsoundsgenuine,peopleareusuallyprettygoodatseparatingtrulyspiritedbellylaughsfromfakeones.Buthowcantheypossibleknowthedifference?Well,whenresearchersattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngelesstudiedtheacousticandperceptualdifferencesbetweenrealandfakelaughter,theyfoundthatsomeofthesoundsassociatedwithgenuinelaughteris“reallyhardtofake. ”Intheirstudy,theresearchersdeterminedthatsubjectswereonlyfooledby37percentoffakelaughter.Themostprominentfactordistinguishingreallaughterfromfakelaughterisduration--or,morespecifically,thenumberofbreathstakenininbetweensounds.Seeingasittakesmoreeffortandconcentrationtofakealaughasopposedtodoitgenuinely,peopletendtopausemoreinbetweentheir-ha's”whenthey“'harefakingit.Evidently,thatpausingisprettynoticeable.“Afakelaughisbasicallyanimitationofareallaugh,butproducedwithaslightlydifferentsetofvocalmusclescontrolledbyadifferentpartofourbrain, ”GregBryant,theleadUCLAresearcheronthestudy,explained.resultisthattherearesubtlefeaturesofthelaughthatsoundlikespeech,and...peopleareunconsciouslyquitesensitivetothem. ”P(pán)eoplehavealsoproventobeemotionallysensitivetolaughteraswell. “Ourrainsareverysenssocialandemotionalsignificanceoflaughter, ”saidCarolynMcGettigan,ascientistatRoyalHolloway,UniversitLondon.McGettiganconducteda2014studythatrecordedparticipants 'brainresponsesastheylistenedtothespeopleproducegenuinelaughterbywatchingfunnyvideos,asopposedtofakelaughter. “Duringouparticipantsheardalaughthatwasposed,theyactivatedregionsofthebrainassociatedwithmentalizinginanattempttounderstandtheotherperson 'semotionalandmentalstate, ”shesaid.So, whilewemayunderstandthatcertainsocialsituationssometimesrequirefakelaughter,mostofthetime,ourinstinctsandemotionalintelligencearejusttoosmarttobuyintothem.AccordingtoMcGettigan,that'sagoodthing. “Evolutionarilyspeaking,it'sgoodtobeabletoisauthenticallyexperiencinganemotionorifthey 'renot,”shesaid. “Becauseyoudon'twanWhatdoresearchersattheUniversityofCaliforniawanttofindoutinthisstudy?Whatisthedifferencebetweenafakelaughandarealone.Whichpartofthebraincontrolsthesoundofourlaughter.Whydopeopleneedtofakelaughwhentheydon 'twantto.Howtolaughasgenuinelyaspossiblewhenyouarefakingit.Yourforcedlaughingismorenoti