2022高三英語一模-靜安區(qū)解析

2022靜安區(qū)高三一模英語試卷（120140）ListeningComprehensionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.A.Thecampuswillbecleanedforthefestival. B.Thefestivalistobedefinitelyheld.C.It’sdifficulttodecidethethemeofthefestival. D.It’sagainsttheprincipal’swilltoholdthefestival.A.Trytofindashowthatdoesn’tacceptreservations.Waittobuytheticketwhensomeonecancelsthereservations.Gowithpeoplewhohaveextratickets.Paymoremoneytobuytheticketfromsomeoneelse.A.Totheairport. B.Toapaintingshop. C.Tothegarage. D.Tothehospital.A.Themanisafraidthatthecoatcolorisnotcoolenough.Themanhasn’treceivedthecoatheboughttheotherday.Themanhaswornthecoatduringthepreviousseason.It’snotsuitabletowearthecoatinthewarmweather.A.SortthenotesoutforMr.Anderson. thenotebookfromMr.Anderson.D.Notedownkeypointsonthetextbook.A.Sheisnotlikelytousetherunningmachineoften.Theexercisebikeismoreusefulthanrunningmachine.Hersecondchoiceisanexercisebike.There’snotenoughspacefortherunningmachine.B.Ashopassistant. C.Alibrarian Atourguide.A.Davidisthestrongestinhisclass. B.ThecurrentclassisnotsuitableforDavid.C.Someoldsayingsmislead. D.Davidwillfinallycatchupinphysics.A.Thewomanshouldn’tbuyaprivatecomputer.Thewomanshouldgetagooddealforthenewcomputer.Thelibrarycomputerisrarelyused.Themanwilllendhiscomputertothewoman.A.Shehasbecomeaprofessionalchef.Herparentsdidn’tagreewithheronbecomingachef.Shedoesn’thaveinterestinbecomingachefnow.Shethrewthingsaroundwhenlearningcooking.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassageandonelongerconversation.Aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassageandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Itcanonlybewashedinthedishwasher. B.Ithassomesmellofcoffee.C.Itismadeofamixtureofcoffeegroundsandsugar. D.Itisfirstusedtocontainfertilizer.A.Howtopreventsugarfromdissolving.Howtohavethecoffeegroundsrecycledfully.Howtocollectlargequantitiesofcoffeegrounds.Howtousecoffeegroundstoproducethesolidfoundation.A.Itissuccessfulbecauseofadvertisements.Itiswell-receivedbythepublic.Itisoversuppliedonthemarket.It’smorepopularamongindividualsthancafes.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Thecityisnotcommerciallybusy. B.Therearetoomanytemporaryresidents.C.Fewservicesareofferedduringoffseasons. D.Thewinteristoocoldforthem.A.Spendaweekinthedestination. B.Finda“snowbird”destination.C.Remaininthecitywherehecurrentlylives. D.Researchthedestinationforroughlyafullyear.A.Safetyofthedestination. B.Taxsystemofthedestination.C.Healthcaresystemofthedestination. D.Thesupporttogetasoneages.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.A.Toseehowfastthetesttakercanscanthebook.Toseehowwellthetesttakerfindsandprocessestheinformation.Toseehowwellthetesttakercanhandlepressure.Toseewhetherthetesttakercanfindaparticularstatementtosummarizeatopic.A.Tofindtheconnectionbetweendifferentinformation.Toevaluatetheimportanceoftheopenbooktest.Toadequatelymanagetesttime.Toreadthewholechapterforonequestion.A.Torecitesomekeyinformation. B.Todesigneasyremovabletags.C.Tocomparedifferentideas. D.Togetthepermissiontomakemarks.A.People’sattitudetowardgeographytests.Thefeaturesandpreparationsofopenbooktests.Thedifferencesbetweenopenbookandclosedbooktests.Themeasurestohandlepressurefromtests.GrammarandVocabularyDirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Rereadingisaguiltypleasureformanyreaders.Howcanakeenreaderabandonhisto-be-readlistandwastetimewithabookhealreadyknows?Atthesametime,accordingtomanyexperts,theactofrereading(21) withoutdoubt,astheonlywaytotrulyunderstandatext.Academicsmostoftendiscussthebenefitofrereadingasawaytogaindeepunderstandingsofcomplextextsandoftheself.Teachersofearlyreading-agechildrenagreethatrereadingimprovesunderstandingbeyondbasicwords.Foradults,rereadingisnecessarytounderstandingatextwellsothatgoodcriticalarguments(22) bemade.Rereadinghelpstobuildabetterunderstandingofabook.(23) rereading,manyreadersfinditimpossibletoappreciateawriter’ssubtletalentsortocomprehendatext’sinnerideasandthemes.Rereadingisalsoanactofself-reflection.Thepracticeofpurposefulrereadingin(24) createsakindofSincethebookneverchanges,itfunctionsasaconstant（恒量）(25) thereader’sgrowth.Itisawaytore-examinethereaderhimselfandthechangeshe(26) (undergo)sincetheinitialreading.Ofcourse,therearepossibledrawbackstorereadingaswell.Rereadingtakestime,(27) (draw)thereadersAndit’shardtoimagine(28) frustratingitcanbeifabelovedbookfallsshortofyourrosymemoriesinrereading.AccordingtoDavidGalef,emotionslikepleasure,excitement,andcuriositycausethereadertorushthroughastoryandpassovertheinnercomplexity(29) (appreciate)inre-readings,andyettheyarealsoimportantelementsthatmaybedulledbythoserepeatedreadings.Furthermore,(30) yourrereadingisfocusedandintentionalaboutgainingnewthoughts,itmaynotresultinimprovedunderstanding.21.21.謂語動詞被動語態(tài)，theactofrereadingregard形成被動關(guān)系，根據(jù)上下isregarded。22.考查情態(tài)動詞，sothat引導(dǎo)的狀從中出現(xiàn)動詞原形be，所以判斷該空為情態(tài)動詞，根據(jù)句意判斷從句的意思為“好的批評性的觀點能夠被提出”can。23.考查介詞，空后為動名詞rereading且與句子隔開，判斷該空為介詞；空前的句意為“重讀能幫助更好的理解一本書”，空后的語意為“許多讀者不可能欣賞作者的才華 ”推斷這沒有重讀的話without。24.考查反身代詞，in后面空需要填代詞作賓語purposefulrereading,itself。25.考查定從連詞，空前句子成分已完整，所以空到句尾是定從修飾constant，從句缺主語，所that/which。26.考查謂語動詞，he 26 （undergo）sincetheinitialreading.是定從修飾thechanges，該空是從句中的謂語，跟主語he形成主動關(guān)系，因為時間狀語sincetheinitialreading，表達(dá)“自hasundergone27.考查非謂語-現(xiàn)在分詞，空前句子基礎(chǔ)成分完整，所以該空是非謂語，后有動作對象且作結(jié)果狀語drawing。28.考查連詞，空到最后是imagine后的賓語從句，從句本來的語序應(yīng)為itcanbefrustrating. 但frustrating提前了how，表達(dá)“多么令人沮喪”。29.考查非謂語過去分詞，該空到最后作后置定語修飾前面的名詞innercomplexityappreciate構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，所以用appreciated，表示“在重讀中能夠被領(lǐng)略到的內(nèi)在復(fù)雜性”。30.考查連詞，從句放句首且主從句成分完整，判斷為狀從的連詞，句意要表達(dá)的是“除非重unless。詞語積累self-reflectionn.反省self-consciousnessn.自我意識fallshortof達(dá)不到，缺乏passover越過，忽略，回避dullvt.減輕，使麻木，變模糊SectionBA.confusedB.adaptableC.floatingD.decayingE.attemptsF.imitatedG.attachedH.signsI.samplesJ.relativelyK.steadyDirections：Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.A.confusedB.adaptableC.floatingD.decayingE.attemptsF.imitatedG.attachedH.signsI.samplesJ.relativelyK.steadytofindmarineanimalsundertheAntarcticaseafloorresearchershadalwaysassumedthattherewouldbefew31oflifefartherawayfromopenwaterandsunlight.However,thediscoveryoffilter-feeding（濾食的）organisms—160milesawayfromtheopenocean,withtemperaturesof-2.2℃andundercompletedarkness—suggeststhatlifeintheworld’sharshestenvironmentmaybemore32thanpreviouslythought.conductedathree-monthexpeditiontothemiddleofAntarctica’sFilchner-RonneIceShelf,tocollect33oftheseafloordeposits.Theteamdrilledthroughthehalf-mileoficebyalmost20,000litersofhotwaterthroughapipe.Afterabout20hoursofpainstakingwork,theywerefinallyabletoreachtheseabedunderneath.However,whenthescientistsloweredtheinstrument,alongwithacamera,tocollectthesoil,itcameupempty.Aftermultiplefailed34—eachroundtriptakingaboutanhour—theresearcherstookacloserlookatthefootageandnoticedamassivestonesittingamidthe35flatseabed.Evenmoresurprisingly,therockwascoveredwithstationaryanimals,likesponges（海綿）andpotentiallyunknownspecies.Thefndnghas6anyensgvenhatceanogan,uchasonesandcoalpops（，whichlivetheirentirelives37torocks,orotherhardsurfaces,needfoodsupplies.Intheopenwater,the“marinesnow,”asthefoodiscalled,comesfrom38organicmatter,whichdriftsdownfromtheupperwaterstothedeepocean.However,thespeciesinsuchdeptharetoofarfromtheopenseatoreceive39suppliesofnutrients.Tomakemattersworse,duetothearea’sstrongoceancurrents,thefoodhastotravelanywherefrom370to930milestogettothem.“Thisisbyfarthefurthestunderaniceshelfthatwe’veseenanyofthesefilter-feedinganimals,”saidSmith.“Thesethingsarestuckonarockandonlygetfedifsomethingcomes40along.”31.H.31.H.signs跡象征兆根據(jù)句子意思，研究人員推測遙遠(yuǎn)深海沒有什么生命跡象therewouldbefew(31) _oflife，所以答案為Hsigns32.Badaptable能適應(yīng)的，適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)的根據(jù)句子意思，filter-feeding（濾食的）organism證明了極端環(huán)境下的一些生命體比之前想象的適應(yīng)性更強(qiáng)lifeintheworld’sharshestenvironmentmaybemore(32)_thanpreviouslythought.Badaptable33.Isamples樣品；采樣根據(jù)句子意思，JamesSmithandhiscolleagues進(jìn)行三個月的研究，帶回了海底沉淀物的樣品tocollect(33) deposits，所以答案為Isamples34.Eattempts嘗試根據(jù)句子意思，經(jīng)過多次失敗的嘗試Aftermultiplefailed(34) Eattempts35.Jrelatively相對地根據(jù)句子成分noticedamassivestonesittingamidthe(35) flatseabed可知，本空不缺少基礎(chǔ)成分，判斷為adv.所以答案為Jrelatively36.Aconfused使糊涂，使迷惑根據(jù)句子成分Thefindinghas(36) manyscientists，該空是謂語動詞，且為hasdone,再根據(jù)句子意思研究使很多科學(xué)家感Aconfused37.G.attached依附于...根據(jù)句子whichlivetheirentirelives(37) 以得出珊瑚蟲和海綿整個一生都依附于巖石上...所以答案為G.attached38.Ddecaying腐爛的根據(jù)句子成分...themarinesnow,...,comesfrom(38) matter,可以得出adj+n.,句子意思為來自于一些腐爛的有機(jī)物質(zhì)，Ddecaying39.Ksteady穩(wěn)定的，持續(xù)的根據(jù)句子成分thespeciesinsuchdeptharetoofarfromtheopenseatoreceive(39) suppliesofnutrients..可以得出adj+n.,句子意思為在這么深的海洋生物離海洋表面太遠(yuǎn)而不能得到一些穩(wěn)定Ksteady40.Cfloting（空氣中）漂浮的根據(jù)句子意思，這些生物體被卡在巖石上，只有在有東西漂浮過來的時候才會得到食物Thesethingsarestuckonarockandonlygetfedifsomethingcomes(40) along，所以答案為Cfloating詞語積累conductathree-monthexpedition進(jìn)行三個月考察seafloordeposits海底沉積物painstaking刻苦的，下功夫的stationary靜止的driftdown漂降ReadingComprehensionAeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Mostofushavenodifficultyrecognizingluckwhenit’sonapparentdisplay,aswhensomeonewinsthelottery.But41oftenplaysoutindelicatewaysandit’seasytoconstructnarrativesthatportraysuccessasoutofeverythingbutluck.Thesemisleadingstorieshavesurprisingimplicationsforhumanmindset,downplayingthepowerofchances.ConsiderthehistoryoftheMonaLisa.Afterhavingstayedinthe42formostofitsearlyexistence,thepaintingwaspushedintothespotlightin1911whenitwasstolenfromLouvre.Thefamoustheftremained43fortwoyearsuntilamaintenanceworkerwasarrestedaftertryingtosellthepainting.Hisarrestcausedasecondwaveof44,withthepaintingoneveryone’slips.Asintheartworld,itissotoointheworldofwork.Almosteverycareerpathconsistsofasequenceofsteps,eachofwhichdependsonformerones.Inevitably,someofthose45stepscanbeinfluencedbychancefactors,which,asaresult,aresuretoaffectthefollowingprocess.Soitisreasonabletoconcludethat46allsuccessfulcareersinvolveatleastacertaindegreeofluck.One’sdateofbirth47,forexample.Accordingtoastudy,mostchildrenborninthesummertendtobeamongtheyoungestmembersoftheirclass,whichexplainswhytheyarelesslikelytohold48positionsduringhighschoolandthus,lesslikelytolandgoodjobslaterinlife.Toacknowledgethepowerofchanceeventsisnottosuggestthatsuccessisindependentof49.CharlieMungerhassaid,“Thesafestwaytogetwhatyouwantisto50whatyouwant.”O(jiān)fcourse,luckcountstoo.Beingborninagoodeducationsystemisakindofluckwecancontrol—thatis,atleastwecandecidehowluckyourchildrenwillbe.ButinAmerica,we’vebeendoingabadjobasthebudgetforeducationhashascausedthistroublingstatebyunwillingnesstoinvestineducation,thestrongsystemofwhichcanproduce53forthenextgeneration.peopleto54theirgoodfortunetendstomakethemmorewillingtocontributetothe55,accordingtoastudy.Sotrytoengageyoursuccessfulfriendsinreviewsabouttheirexperienceswithluck.Intheprocess,thenextgeneration’soddsofsuccessmaywellincreaseandmeanwhile,allthesocialmembersaremorelikelytoenjoytheimprovedpublicservice.41.A.randomnessB.potentialC.masterpieceD.success42.A.emergencyB.maintenanceC.reviewD.shade43.A.accidentalB.unsolvedC.officialD.objective44.A.protestB.suspicionC.publicityD.investigation45.A.previousB.negativeC.realisticD.entire46.A.virtuallyB.sustainablyC.adequatelyD.negatively47.A.occursB.contractsC.mattersD.approaches48.A.accessibleB.originalC.superiorD.secure49.A.effortB.logicC.relationshipD.investment50.A.deserveB.evaluateC.modifyD.exploit51.A.shoneB.shrunkC.balloonedD.flown52.A.preserveB.popularizeC.underestimateD.revolutionize53.A.challengeB.luckC.motivationD.experience54.A.reflectonB.saveonC.adjusttoD.liveon55.A.mutualunderstanding★★★☆☆B.mentalfitnessC.familyvalueD.commongood41A.第一句的內(nèi)容是中彩票有關(guān)，而中彩票為偶然事件，接著談?wù)摿藱C(jī)遇的力量。故選擇A。42D.1911被偷之后引起世人關(guān)注，而在這之前一直處于寂寂無名shade。43B.根據(jù)句意，此案件直到出售這幅畫的維修工人被逮捕才破案，此前這件著名的盜竊案一直未破unsolved44C.oneveryone’slips表示獲得了大眾的關(guān)注，44publicity名氣。45A.在一系列行動過程中，每一個都取決于前一個，這里指上一個步驟previous。46A.句意為“因此幾乎virtually幾乎。47C.因為后文說到出生年月對孩子日后發(fā)展的影響，所以出生日期是重要的，因此選matters表重要。48C.孩子在班里如果是最小的，就不太可能擔(dān)任某種職位，因此日后也更難找到好工作，48空形容職位superior高級的。49A.句意為“承認(rèn)運氣并不意味著成功與努力無關(guān)”，運氣與努力相對effort。50A.“得到想要的東西的最好方式就是變得值得擁有它”，這句話說明要幸運先要努力值得獲得好運，deserve表示值得擁有。51B.后文提到不愿為教育投資，因此這里說給教育的預(yù)算應(yīng)該是變少了，shrink表示“縮水，減少”。52C.教育是可控的好運來源，而人們不愿投資，因此是underestimate了運氣的作用。53B.段首提到教育和好運有關(guān)luck的復(fù)現(xiàn)。54A.本段講解決方法，提到朋友的review評論，因此人們應(yīng)該對他們的好運做出反思，因此reflecton表示反思。55D.nextgeneration’soddsofsuccess，是他人的利益，這樣可以促使大家享受更好的commongood大眾的利益。詞語積累oddsofsuccess成功的概率stayinshade岌岌無名oneveryone’slips獲得大眾關(guān)注landgoodjobs找到好工作SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Alineofmentuggedonropesanddroppedfromtheshipintothesea,withagroupofSaibspreparedtopullthemlaterfromtheseabottom.Nasser,oneofthedrivers,climbedovertherailingoftheshipandhisSaibemptiedhisbasketfullofshellsontothedeck.“Getmesomethingtofillmystomachwith,boy.”Iknewhewasteasingasheismyfather’sgoodfriend.“ButI’mnolongeranerrandboy.I’madiver,likemyfatherwas.”“Yourfatherwasbaldanddeaf,liketherestofus,”Nasserlaughed.finestpearlsintheworldwhilethesaltywateralsomadediverslosetheirhair.Letalonethehighpressurewhichcostthemtheirhearing.Ihadshavedmyhead,inwhichwayIfeltmorelikearealdiver.Ofcourse,there’snoneedformetoworryaboutthehairproblem.“I’vedivedtheshallowseasbefore,andIcanholdmybreathforawholeminute.”“Justpullyourropebeforeyoufeelbreathless.”Hethendisappearedintothewateragain.Itiedaheavystonetomyfootwitharope.Takingonemoredeepbreath,Ipluggedmynoseandjumped.Withthestonenayhngheabedwhahu,Ieedyotomheope.Iachedatheockydg（whnheeoysesdroppedintomyhands.Ievendidn’thaveenoughtimetofeelsurprisedathoweasythejobwasbeforeIfeltbreathless.Outofhorror,Idraggedtherope.Knowingthat,farabove,theSaib’sstrongarmsstrainedtopullmetowardthesurface,Iremindedmyselftoendureforalittlemoretime.JustwhenIthoughtmylungswouldburst,myearspoppedandtherewaslight.Nasserburstthroughthewater.Heremovedhisnoseplugandgrinnedatmelookingatthethreepitifulshellsonthedeck.“Notbadforanerrandboy.”Seeingmeupsetwithmyheaddown,hepattedme.“It’syourfirstforsuchadepth.Youdidbetterthanallofus.”Cheeringup,Iwrappedtheemptybasketaroundmyneckandraisedmychin,“I’mapearldiver.”AccordingtoNasser,whatdidanerrandboyusuallydo?Pulldiversfromthesea. B.Emptybasketsfordivers.C.Servesnacksfordivers. D.Diveforshells.Whydidtheauthorhavehishaircut?Becausehetriedtoavoidlosinghair. B.Becausealldivershadshavedhair.C.Becausehighpressuremadehimbald. D.Becausehewantedtolookprofessional.Whydidtheauthorgetlittleharvest?Becausetherewerenotmanypearlsinthearea.Becausehestilllackedexperienceinthejob.BecausetheSaibpulledhimuptooearlywithoutpermission.Becausetherockyridgewastoorough.(B)ThesesummerfestivalsinNewOrleansarefewofthehottesthappeningstheCityhastoofferforholidayseekers.OysterFestivalThere’sanoldsayingthatit’sonlysafetoeatoystersinmonthsendingin‘R’，whichwasgoodadviceintheagebeforeAndthat’sexactlywhyoriginallytheNewOrleansOysterFestivalwasheldinJune,tobreakupthemythaslocalsneverbotheredtopreservethecreatureswiththeirhabitofdirectlyeatingtheseafood,freshfromthesea.Today,featuringoystersharvestedfromtheGulfofMexico,OysterFestisacelebrationoftheworld’sfavoritefood.Ifyou’veeverwantedtoenjoythelegendaryoystersatDrago’swheretherecipeoriginatedortakeabiteoutofanoysterthesizeofahamburger,OysterFestisforyou.WhentoGo:June3-4EssenceFestivalAfrican-Americanlifeandhistory,soitshouldbenosurprisethecityhostsafestivalStates.Withfreeadmission,EssenceFestival,organizedbytheAfrican-Americanwomen’smagazineofthesamename,isacombinationoffourdaysofdynamicspeechesandashowcaseartists.WhentoGo:June29-July2Cajun-ZydecoFestivalSouthernLouisianaishometoavarietyofrich,uniquecultures,andonaweekendinJuneinNewOrleans,oneofisinsouth-centralLouisiana,astrongshowcaseofCajunculture,forwhichtheCajun-ZydecoFestivalemerged.Ontheparticularweekend,yougetreadytochewdownontraditionalfoodlikeCajungumboateateries,buyCajuncrafts,andpurchaseaCajunT-shirt.WhentoGo:June24-25RunningoftheBullsDuetoitshistory,theSpanishinfluencestillshowsitselfinNewOrleans.ThearchitecturalstyleoftheFrenchQuarterisactuallyfromSpain,andNewOrleans’sannualRunningoftheBullsis,inpart,anodtothecity’sSpanishheritage.UnliketheSpanishfestivalinPamplona,the“bulls”intheFestarenotactualbullsbutthewomenoftheBigRollerderbyteam.Howevertheydochasedownwhite-and=red-clothedfestival-goers,ifinfuriated.Thereforebehaveyourselforbepreparedtorunforlife.WhentoGo:July7-9WhywasNewOrleansOysterFestivalheldinJuneinthefirstplace?Becauserefrigeratorcouldbeusedtostoreoysters.Becauseitwasnoteasyforoysterstogobadinsummer.Becauseoysterscouldbecookedinvariouswaystoextendstorageperiod.BecauseNewOrleansoysterswereusuallyservedraw.Theunderlinedword“infuriated”isclosestinmeaningto .exhibited B.color-blinded C.angered D.cheatedWhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?OysterFestivalnowadaysisdesignedforpeopleseekingthehistoryofoysterharvest.FestivalcelebratesthefreedomofAfrican-Americanwomen.Cajun-ZydecoFestivalismainlycelebratedthroughdiningandshopping.NewOrleanshasbeenstrippedofSpanishinfluence.Inwhichmagazinedocsthepassagemostprobablyappear?VacationGuide. B.GenuineRecipe. D.MusicBillboard.(C)world’sdatawerecreatedinthelastfewyears.Thebiggestsetbackwithsucharateofinformationincreaseisthatthepresentmomentwillalwaysemergefarlargerthanthepast.Short-sightednessisbuiltintothestructure,intheformofanoverwhelmingtendencytoover-estimatenear-termmessagesattheexpenseofhistory.Tounderstandwhythismatters,considerthefindingsfromsocialscienceabout‘recencybias（）whichdescribesthetendencytoassumethatfutureeventswillcloselyresemblerecentexperience.Peopletendtobasethinkingdisproportionatelyonwhatevercomesmosteasilytomind.worthrememberingthatnoveltytendstobeadominantconsiderationwhendecidingwhatdatatokeepordelete.OutwiththeoldandinwiththenewThat’sthedigitaltrendinaworldwheresearchalgorithms（算法）aresystematicallybiasedtowardsfreshness.Theyaredesignedinlinewithhumanpreference.Suchabiastowardsthepresentisstructurallyrootedinthehumanweaknessthatwekeepdesertingthingsweoncecherishedsimplybecausewegrowtiredofthem.What’sreallyneededissomethingthoughtofas“intelligentforgetting”:learningtoletgooftheimmediatepastinordertokeepitslargercontinuitiesinview.It’sanactsimilartoorganisingaphotographalbum—althoughwithmoremaths.Whenaretwomillionphotographslessvaluablethantwothousand?Manydatasetsareirreducibleandmostpreciouswhencomplete:genesequences;demographic（人口的）data;theraw,hardknowledgeofgeographyandphysics.Thesofterthescience,however,themorethatscaleislikelytobereverselyconnectedwithquality.Inthesecases,timeitselfisratherimportantasatouchstonetojudgethevalueofdata.Eitherwechoosecarefullywhatendures,mattersandmeaningfullycapturesourpast—oritsfootprintissilentlyreplacedbythepresent’sgrowingnoise.Meregatheringisnocure-allanswer.Inaneraofbiggerandbiggerdata,theleadingwarningforthosewhohavetomakedecisionsisthatwhatyouchoosenottoknowmattersjustasmuchaswhatyoudo.Whatisthemajorproblemwiththeexplosionofrecentinformation?aretooquicklyproduced.Peoplehavepooreyesightafterviewingtoomuchinformation.Presentinformationisgiventoomuchemphasis.Predictionforfuturedevelopmentlargelydependsonthepastinformation.Whatcauseswidespreadpreferencefornewness?Thatalgorithmsrequiresthelatesttomakeaccurateprediction.Thathumansareaccustomedtolosinginterestinoldthings.Thatshortrenewedperiodisthefeatureofmoderndata.Thatsearchalgorithmskeepuncoveringthevalueofthenewness.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?Recentpastexperienceisrarelyusedtoprovidereferenceforfutureevents.Thequalityofgeographicknowledgedependsonphotosortingratherthanfulldata.Intelligentforgettingreferstoreplacingtheimmediatepastwithfar-backdata.Timehelpsustoevaluatedatawhenthequalityisn’tinlinewithquality.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Thesideeffectofdigitalinnovation.Thevaluesofcompletedatainsoftersubjects.Thedatadiscriminationcausedbyalgorithms.Thefaultypreferenceforfreshdataandwaysout.63.考查對現(xiàn)象的描述63.考查對現(xiàn)象的描述(majorproblem)tounderstandwhy（起因），推測線索在第一段。第二句中的biggestsetback說明that后的從句講的便是現(xiàn)象：現(xiàn)在更受關(guān)注(presentmomentwillalwaysemergelargerthanthepast)；若本句不好理解，第三句中的高估近期的消息(overestimatenear-termmessages)也說明現(xiàn)在更受關(guān)注。C。64.考查對起因的理解(causes)?？吹降谌蔚腶lsoworthmentioning（與第二段并列），以及第四段的what’sreallyneeded（解決方法），推測線索在第二和第三段。這兩段里有個復(fù)現(xiàn)的概念就是recencybias（對近期事物的傾向），第二段第一次提及這個概念，第三段最后一句isrootedinthathumanweakness的同位語從句中的內(nèi)容，即喜新厭舊(desertthingsoncecherishedbecauseofgrowingtiredofthem)。故B。65.考查對作用的推斷(TRUE)。因為66題問的是主旨，所以推測本題線索在第四和第五段。會發(fā)現(xiàn)BCD三個選項都涵蓋在這兩段中，A選項其實在第二段，從段落結(jié)構(gòu)上已經(jīng)偏離了，其次原文是closely，與A選項中的rarely正好相反，B選項是把兩個無關(guān)信息拼湊起來，dependson的邏輯表達(dá)不成立，Creplaceletgoof，再補充原文沒提到的far-backdata，D選項是最后一段中提到的softscience（文科）和data（數(shù)據(jù)）的reverseconnection（越是文的學(xué)科，越不靠數(shù)據(jù)的量來說話，因為文章的數(shù)量并不能說明文章的質(zhì)量，這也是為何很多文史哲學(xué)的經(jīng)典都是有年代的，或者說是需要經(jīng)過時間檢驗的）。D。66.考查對主旨的概括(mainlyabout)。本文前三段解讀了追求freshdata這個現(xiàn)象是有問題的，后data是值得關(guān)注的。D。詞語積累anoverwhelmingtendencytodo特別想做某事的傾向attheexpenseof以...為代價It’salsoworthmentioningthat也值得一提的是inlinewithsth.與...一致letgoof放棄；摒棄cure-alln.萬靈藥；靈丹妙藥SectionCAndonecouldcomeupwithanynumberoftheoriesforwhythecurrentteamakinganddrinkinghabitsareinevitable.Thoughtregardedasaformofsimpleact,teamakingcanvarybetweencultures.Theteais,aboveall,Andonecouldcomeupwithanynumberoftheoriesforwhythecurrentteamakinganddrinkinghabitsareinevitable.Thoughtregardedasaformofsimpleact,teamakingcanvarybetweencultures.Theteais,aboveall,creditedwiththeabilitytorepresentdifferentindividualpersonalities.Foodchoicesaredrivenbyone’senvironment-thecontext.Teamakingistheperfectreplacementactivity.Evenonespoonfulisabitsuspiciousunlessotherdetailsclearlyshowotherwise.TeahasbecomerootedintheBritishwayoflife,fromthehumbleteabreaktotheafternoonteatobeenjoyed—inajacketandtie,ofcourse. 67 Boilingwatertomaketea,forinstance,makesitlesslikelytogiveyouastomachbug.Butwhatarethesecretsorevencruelrealitiesbehindthetasteofthisbelovedbeverage?AnthropologistKateFoxwritesinherbookWatchingtheEnglishthatthereareseveralclearmessagessentwheneveraBritmakesacup.Sheobservesthatthestrongestbrewsofblacktea—withthelargestdosesofflavourfactors–aretypicallydrunkbytheworkingclass.Theflavorgetsprogressivelyweakerasonegoesupthesocialladder.Milkandsweetenerhavetheirowncodes.Accordingtoher,takingsugarinyourteainBritainisregularlybymanyasadefinitelower-classindicator. 68 Otherimplicationsinvolvewhenandhowmilkisadded,ifany.MakingapointofsmokyLapsangSouchong（正山小種紅茶）withnosugarofmilkcanbeasignofclassanxietyinthemiddleclass,Foxsuggests.It’sasfaraspossibleasonecangetfromsweet,strong,milkycupsofno-nonsense‘builder’stea’.Afoodscientistpointedoutsomethingthatseemstoapplyhere.“ 69 ”Youlikewhatyoulikenotnecessarilybecauseofthetasteofit,thoughtobviouslyonecandevelopatasteforalmostanything.Afoodordrink’srealimportanceinyourlifemaybebecauseofeverythingthatsurroundsit—thecultureofit.Foxalsoobservesthat,alongsideitschemicalproperties,teaisasocialspace-filler.Manymeaninglessmomentscanbeoccupiedbyteaanditsrelatedevents.70WhenevertheEnglishfeelawkwardoruncomfortableinasocialsituation,theycooktea.難度等級★★★☆☆67考察段中句。本段第一句表達(dá)“茶已經(jīng)深深扎根于英國人的生活方式中，從簡陋的茶歇到下午茶，當(dāng)然，人們要穿夾克打領(lǐng)帶”，后面一句“例如，用沸水泡茶可以減少胃病”此A。68考察段中句。本段在說在英國，牛奶和糖可以區(qū)分人的社會地位，很多人經(jīng)常將茶中的加糖作為一個明確的下層指標(biāo)，所以，此處應(yīng)該茶里面的添加物和地位相關(guān)內(nèi)容，F(xiàn)選項F。69考察段中句。本段后文表明“你喜歡的不一定是因為它的味道，一種食物或飲料在你生活中的真正重要性可能是因為它周圍的一切——它的文化”，所以此處應(yīng)該是表明人對食物或飲料的喜歡和環(huán)境有關(guān)D。70考察段中句。這段開頭“茶還是一種社交空間填充物。許多無意義的時刻可以被茶及其相關(guān)事件占據(jù)”。所以這一段在講茶和社交的關(guān)系。選項E“泡茶是完美的替代活動”符E。詞語積累socialladder社會階梯indicatorn.標(biāo)志，跡象inevitableadj.不可避免的implicationsn.暗指，暗示surroundv圍繞，環(huán)繞fillern.裝填物SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpointsofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Youstillneedabetterreasontoplantatree?Policearen’tcheapandneitherarelawyers,judges,andalltheotherlayersthatmakeupthejusticesystem.Buttreesandsomegrass,incomparison,arearealbargain,andtheyprovetobeeffectiveinfightingcrimes.launchprogramstoplantvegetationalongroadwaystohelpabsorbrainwater.Aftertracking14typesofcrimeinnearbyareas,MichelleKondo,asocialscientistfoundthatavarietyofcrimesincludingpropertycrimessuchastheftandburglary,andviolentcrimessuchasarmedfightsandmayheminthoseareasdecreasedto27percent,astunning18percentfall.Kondobelievedtheappearanceofcitytrucksandvansinthelandscapedareas—forplantingandmaintenance—wasenoughtoscareawaypotentialcriminals.Kondo’sstudyalsoworkedonthelinkbetweengrasslandcareanddecreaseofthecrimeindowntownareas.It’stemptingtouseincomeastheconnection.Afterall,ifyouhavethecrimeandmoneytowateryourlawn,youprobablyliveinaneighborhoodthatseeslesscrime.Butactually,peoplearelesslikelytoha