2021-2022學(xué)年北京市海淀區(qū)高二（下）期末英語試卷（附答案詳解）

2021-2022學(xué)年北京市海淀區(qū)高二（下）期末英語試卷一、閱讀理解（本大題共10小題，共20.0分）AWhat'sSoFunny?In1990,duringaperformanceofmystageplay,!keptfocusingmyselfononeparticularmemberoftheaudience.Whileeverybodyelselaughed,thereshesat,staringatthefloor,withherfingersinherears.I'llneverforgetherlookofdiscomfort.Thatwomanwasmymother.IwishIcouldsayherreactionthateveningwasanincident,butitwasoneofmanyIrememberwhenIwasfirststartingoutasaplaywright.AlthoughFdestablishedmyselfasahumourist,mymotherneverfoundmeormyworkparticularlyfunny.Welovedeachotherdeeply,ofcourse,butshewasmyhardestcritic."IsDrewreallythatfunny?"she'daskfamilymembers.Tomakemattersworse,thefeelingwasmutual（相互的）：thoughoursocialcirclesworethatshewasfunny,!neversawit.Howcouldshebefunny?Mymotherwassupposedlyveryfunnyinherfirstlanguage,Anishinaabemowin,butIdidn'tspeakit.Oneofthecharacteristicsofthelanguageisthatitisstructuredformaximumamusement.ForawhileIwasconvincedIwouldnevermakeherlaugh.Then,in2005,Isucceeded.!hadpublishedabookcalled,MeFunny.Initweredozensofessaysdeconstructing（解構(gòu)）thehumourinAnishinaabemowin.Theycrackedherupsomuchthatshelookedatmeanddeclared/'Wow,thatwasfunny!"IrememberbeingrelievedandverypleasedIn2009,mymotherpassedaway.Iwasinchargeofplanningthefuneralalongwithtwocousins.Becausemymotherwasashywoman,Icanguaranteeshewouldhavefoundourgroupeffortquiteembarrassing.DuringthefuneraLamidstthetears,familymemberafterfamilymembergotupandrecountedthingsshehaddoneandsaidovertheyears.Tomysurprise,!foundmyselflaughing.Moreandmorestoriesabouthersurfaced.Welaughedaswerememberedher.Icouldn*tseemymother'sforestformyowntrees.IwishIcouldhavesharedthoselaughswithherwhileshewasalive,butI'mgladIfinallymadetheconnection.Theauthor'smotherdidn*tlaughwhenwatchinghisplaybecause.shewasn'tinterestedinstageplaysshefeltuncomfortableatthetheatreshecouldn'tunderstandhishumourshehaddifficultyfollowingtheplotWhatfinallyhelpedtheauthorunderstandhismother'shumour?A.Thereleaseofhisbook. B.Thestoriesabouthismother.C.Theaudience'feedback. D.Thesocialcircle'scomments.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Toexpresshissorrow. B.Toexplainhishumour.C.Toshowhisachievements. D.Torememberhismother.BAbsenceofevidenceisnotthesamethingasevidenceofabsence.Butifyoutrytofindthedifferenceandkeepfailingtogetit,youcanbeforgiven.Andsoitiswiththecomplicatedsubjectofexplicit（明確的）grammarteachinginschools,anditslinkwithimprovedwritingability.Arecentstudy,likenearlyallpreviousstudiesonthissubject,foundthatteachingkidshowtolabelthebitsandpiecesinasentencedoesnotmakethembetterwriters.OtherobserversmaybegintowonderwhethertheNationalCurriculum,whichsince2014hamadegrammarsuchacentralpartofitsEnglishprongramme,mighthavegonedownablindalley.Thepromoterofthecurriculum,aformersecretaryofeducation,MichaelGove,insistedontheinsertionofpersonalpreferenceintothegrammarcurriculum,notablythesubjunctiveform,"IfIwere'*.Mentionofhisnamealonewrinklesmanyteachers'noses-partlybecausesomeofthemwerehardlypreparedtoteachthenewmaterialthemselvesafterdecadesinwhichgrammarwaslargelyabsentfromclassrooms.Inreflection,itseemsunsurprisingthatlearningtounderlineamodalverb,suchasHcann,"should'*and'"may"doeslittletohelpstudentsusethemeffectivelyintheirownwriting.Thesewordsareanywaygraspedbytinychildrenwithouttheneedtoknowwhattheyarecalled.Thismayleadtotheconclusionthattheteachingofgrammarshouldbeshelvedaltogether.However,itshouldn'tbeabandoned,thoughitshouldbereformed.Therearepracticalreasonsforteachingandlearninggrammar.Oneisthatanexplicitknowledgeofitwillmakelearningaforeignlanguageeasier.Ifyoudidintuit（直覺上矢口道）howtomakesubordinateclausesinyourmothertongue,gettingtograsptheminaforeignlanguageinlateryearsissimplerifyouknowhowtodefineandspotthem.Forgrammarianskeenonthejobsofthefuture,thefieldofnaturallanguageprocessingisbooming.Technologicaltalentshaveinventedprogramsforautomatedtranslation,speechrecognitionandotherservicesthatareactuallyusable,eveniffarfromperfect.ThesetoolsmayrelymoreonknowledgeofAlthanofgrammar,butlinguisticexpertise(專門技能)stillmatters.Grammarcouldstillbetaughtbetter.Onesmallstudyshowedimprovementinsomestudentswhenconceptswerelinkedconcretelytowritingtasks.Therefore,thescienceofhowwordscombinetomakemeaningisfascinatingaswellasfundamental.WhatdomanyteachersthinkofMichaelGove*sidea?Theyareinsupportofhisclam.Theyshowdisagreementwithhisidea.Theyhavenocommentsonhisphilosophy.Theyarepreparedtoteachthenewmaterials.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?Mothertonguegrammarcontributestoforeignlanguagelearning.Grammaristaughtbetterinwritingthaninotherareasofteaching.Naturallanguageprocessingisstronglysupportedbygrammarians.GrammarknowledgeisnolongerneededwiththedevelopmentofAI.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?Grammar-ToTeachorNottoTeach.HowCouldGrammarBeTaughtBetter.WhyLearnForeignLanguageGrammar.MotherTongueGrammar-ImportantorNot.cIfyou'rereachingforthelastpieceofpizzaataparty,andmeanwhileseeanotherhandgoingforit,yournextmoveprobablydependsonhowyoufeelandwhomthehandbelongsto.Yourlittlesister-youmightjustgrabthepizza.Yourboss-youprobablywillgiveup.Buifyou'rehungryandfeelingparticularlyconfident,youmightgoforit.Nowresearchershavemadeprogressinunderstandinghowmammals'brainencodessocialrankandusesthisinformationtoshapebehaviours-suchaswhethertofightforthatlastpizzaslice.Theydiscoveredthatanareaofthebraincalledthemedialprefrontalcortex(mPFC)wasresponsibleforrepresentingsocialrankinmammals；changestoamouse'smPFCaffectitsdominance（支酉d）behaviour.ButitwasunknownhowthemPFCrepresentedthisinformationandwhichneurons（神經(jīng)元）wereinvolvedinchangingdominancebehaviour.Inthenewstudy,ProfessorKayTyeletgroupsoffourmiceshareacage,allowingasocialhierarchy（等級(jí)）tonaturallydevelop-somemicebecamemoredominantandothersmoresubordinate.Assoonasthemicewerepaireduphediscovered,theactivityoftheirmPFCneuronscouldpredict-with90percentcertainty-therankoftheiropponent."Weexpectedanimalsmightonlysignalrankwhentheyareinacompetition,"saysco-researcherNancy.HButitturnsoutanimalswalkaroundwiththisrepresentationofsocialrankallthetime."WhentheresearchersnextaskedwhethertheactivityofthemPFCneuronswasassociatedwithbehaviour,theyfoundsomethingsurprising.Thebrainactivitypatternswerelinkedwithslightchangesinbehaviour,suchashowfastamousemoved,andalsocouldpredict-afull30secondsbeforethecompetitionstarted-whichmousewouldwinthefoodreward.Thewinnerwasnotalwaysthemoredominant,buttheoneengagedina"winningmindsetnJustasyoumightsometimesbeinamorecompetitivemoodandbemorelikelytosnatchthatpizzaslicebeforeyourboss,asubordinatemousemightbeinamore"winningmindset,'thanamoredominantmouseandendupwinning.TheareasofthemPFCassociatedwithsocialrankand"winningmindset"arenexttooneanotherandhighlyconnected.Signalsonsocialrankimpactthestateofthebraininvolvedin"winningmindset".Inotherwords,asubordinatemouse'sconfidenceand“winningmindset**maypartiallydecreasewhenfacedwithadominantone."Thisisfurtherevidencetosuggestthatweareindifferentbrainstateswhenwearewithotherscomparedtowhenwe'realone,*'saysTye.''Regardlessofwhoyou'rewithjfyou'reawareofotherpeoplearoundyou,yourbrainisusingdifferentneurons.HTheauthorwritesParagraph1inorderto.A.tellaninterestingstory B. presentatypicalexampleC.introduceamajortopic D. provideaconvincingproofWhatdoestheunderlinedword"they"inParagraphSreferto?A.ThemPFCneurons. B. Theresearchers.C.Thebrainactivitypatterns. D. Thechangesinbehaviour.Whatcanwelearnfromthenewstudy?mPFCneuronschangedominancebehaviour.Brainactivitiescaninfluencesocialhierarchy.Dominantopponentsboot"winningmindset"Socialrankand"winningmindset"affectbehaviour.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?Thoseeagertowinmaysucceed.Whenalone,wearemoreconfident.Socialrankguidescompetitivebehaviour.”Winningmindset'*establishesdominance.二、閱讀七選五(本大題共5小題，共10.0分)Inscience,advancesareadailyoccurrence.buttruebreakthroughsarerare.Whatdoesittaketoachieveworld-changingscientificbreakthroughs?Somearetheresultofaluckybinedwithcuriosity.Scientiststravelingdownoneroadsuddenlyfindreasontoswitchtoanotherroad,onetheyneverplannedtotravel-aroadthatmaywellleadnowhere.(1)Oneday,usuallyearlyintheircareer,theygetanideatheycan'tstopthinkingabout.Pscrazy,theysaytothemselves,butisitreallyimpossible?Theytalktorespectedcolleagueswhooftenremindthemofallthereasonstheirideamightnotwork,andhowdamagingthiscouldbefortheircareer.Yet,theideawon'tdieandtheyaredeterminedtotravelthatroad-aroadthatmaywellleadnowhere.￡2LWhicheverroadscientistswhoachievelifesavingbreakthroughstravel,theyoftenenduredisinterest.likeFleming.whodiscoveredpenicillinduetoluckyaccidentsandcuriosity.orrepeatedskepticismandrejectionlikeKariko,whomadeallmRNAvaccinespossiblewith20yearsofpersistenceandresilience.Bybringingtheirdreamstolife,theywererewardedwithfameandwealthandsomethingevenmorevaluable.⑶Ofcourse,theobsession(執(zhí)念)withanunlikelydreamfailstopayoffformanyscientists.(4)Naturedoesn'tturnouttooperatethewaytheypredicted.Intheend,theirbeautifultheoryismurderedbybrutalfacts.Forthosedreamersontherighttrack,theywouldhaveachievedtheirdream-ifonlytheyhaddonetheexperimentalittledifferently,ifonlytheyhadpersistedalittlelonger,orifonlythesupportfortheirworkhadnotrunout.Ultimately,scientificbreakthroughsarepossibleonlyifasocietyiswillingtoinvestindreamers,recognizingthatnotallinvestmentswillleadtomajorbreakthroughs.(5)Moreimportantly,theinvestmentspreventsufferinganddeathandchangetheworld.A.Somescientistsareaddictedtotheircrazyideas.B.Theirideas,thoughbrilliant,intheendareprovedwrong.C.Buttheyrefusetogiveinandstruggletofindmorefinancialsupport.D.Becauseofthem,millionsofpeoplearoundtheworldnevergotsickordied.E.Othermajorbreakthroughsoriginatefromscientistspursuingaspecificidea.F.ButsometimestheroadleadstomajorbreakthroughslikeX-rayandvaccines.G.However,theinvestmentsleadingtobreakthroughsbringagreatereconomicreturn.11.A.AEB.BC.CD.DE.F.FG.G12.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G13.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G14.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.EF.FG.G15.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.EF.FG.G三、完形填空(本大題共10小題，共10.0分)WhenIwasajuniorinhighschool,!wasnominated(提名)torunforvicepresidentoftheStudentCouncilatthestartofoursenioryear.Iturneditdownbecauseoftheresponsibilitiesofthisposition.ButI(16)torunforcourtclerkinstead.asIknewthatbeingcourtclerkwouldn*tbedifficult.Whentheelectioncame,￡17).Indeed,overthewholeyearthatfollowed.theonlythingmynewpositionbroughtwasasenseof(18),justashadhoped.Thentowardstheendoftheyearallthecouncilmemberstookturnstotalkabouttheirexperiencesintheirpositionsinthefinalassembly(集會(huì))oftheyear.IthoughtIwaslastintermsofimportance,the(19)positiononthecouncilSowhentalkingaboutmyjob,Isaidthatthecourtclerkdidn'tdoanything；sincetherewasno.courtjtdidn'tmatterwhotheyvotedfbr.lthoughtIwasbeing(20)ndcool.AsIexited,however,!was(21)byanangryMr.Roberge,theStudentCounciladvisor.Hetookmeasideandcriticizedme,usingwhatever(22)wordshecouldthinkof.Ican'texactlyrememberwhathesaid.ButIwasforcedtorealizeIhaddevelopedthediseaseofnotcaring,andthecancerofalackof(23).IcannotsayMr.Roberge(24)methenandthere.methenandthereButsincethatdayIhavebeenmuchmoreawareofmystrugglestoberespectfulfbrpeopleandformyseif.Mr.Robergechangedthe(25)ofmylife,bymaybeafewcentimeters.Butthatdifferencehasaccumulatedovertime,andIamnotthepersonIwouldhavebeen.16.A.continuedB.agreedC.hesitatedD.failed17.A.wonB.votedC.withdrewD.panicked18.A.freedomB.achievementC.lightnessD.security19.A.coolestB.hardestC.bestD.lowest20.A.truthfulB.respectfulC.smartD.humble21.A.disturbedB.punishedC.doubtedD.stopped22.A.sharpB.abstractC.confusingD.discouraging23.A.self-controlB.self-acceptanceC.self-respectD.self-discipline24.A.comfortedB.curedC.impressedD.inspired25.A.goalB.valueC.paceD.course四、語法填空(本大題共1小題，共15.0分)ASinceWilliamShakespearelivedmorethan400yearsago,andmanyrecordsfromthattimewerelostorneverexistedinthefirstplace,wedon*tknoweverythingabouthislife.(1)wedoknowisthatShakespearegrewupinStratfordbutheworkedinLondon,thecenterofEnglishtheater,wherehe⑵(become)well-knownasanactor,aplaywright,andapartnerinaleadingactingcompany.Evenwithoutknowingeverythingabouthislife,fansofShakespearehaveimaginedandreimaginedhimaccordingtotheirown(3)(taste).BConflictresolutionisimportantforthesuccessofanyteam.Leavingaconflictunresolvedcannegativelyimpactmoraleandproductivity,(4)(result)inatenseanduncomfortableworkenvironmentforall.Resolvingconflictsintheworkplaceallowsteamstotrusteachotherandworkbettertogethertoachievetheirgoals.Conflictresolution⑸(enable)teammemberstounderstandeachotherbetterandcreatesmootherworkingrelationshipsinthefuture.Conflictresolutionisa⑹(value)leadershipskilltohave.Individualswiththeabilitytorecognizeconflicts,acknowledgedifferencesandfindquickandpeacefulresolutionareessentialtoanyorganization.CIfyouwokeup20yearsfromnowin2042,whatwouldbedifferent?Herearesomeideas⑺(base)onnumbersthatdon'trequirecrystalball.About70%oftheworldpopulationisexpectedtoliveinurbanareasby2O5O.Thatmeansmostcitiesaregoingtoneedmoreinfrastructure.Roads,publictransportationandwastemanagement⑻(upgrade)oAndwe'llbeolder.Wearelikelytoliveuntil82.4yearsold,comparedwiththecurrentlifeexpectancyof79.1years.That'sagoodthing(9)healthcarecompanies.Butlivingthreeextrayearsisgoingtobemoreexpensive,(10)willhaveimplicationsforbothworkingandsaving,(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、閱讀表達(dá)(本大題共1小題，共10.()分)BeAwareoftheAnti-climaxManyofusworktirelesslytowardsourgoals.Wemayspendourlivesdreamingofthedayweareadmittedtoourdreamuniversity,publishourfirstbookorpurchaseourfirsthome.However,morethanoften,whenweachievethesethings,itdoesn'tfeelquiteasexpected.Infact,theachievementofthesegoalsfeelsanti-climactic,orabitofaletdown."Ananti-climaxcanbeanunexpectedby-productofamilestoneachievement.Usually,themoresignificantthemilestone,thegreatertheanti-climaxmaybe,"saysRachelVorapsychotherapistandfounderofCYPWellbeing.Thejourneytoachievingamilestonecanbeexcitingandall-consumingTherefore,whenthisdisappearsovernight,wecanoftenfeellostandconfused.HInpsychology,thebeliefthatwe'llbehappierwhenweachieveourgoalsevenhasafancyscientificnamePsychologistscallit"arrivalfallacy(悖論)“anditplaysabigpartinthosefeelingsofemptinessthatcanfollowachievingagoalnThetenndescribeshowfulfillingourgoalsandachievingourambitionsdoesn'tleadtoa'happilyeverafter”,statespsychologistLeeChambers.Ifyoufindyourselfcurrentlyworkingtowardsomethingbigthatyoususpectmayfeellikeabitofaletdown,therearestepsyoucantaketomanageandevenpreventthefeelingofanti-climaxEnjoythejourneyYou'dbetterslowdownalittleandcometorealizethatjoycomesfromthedoing,notthecompleting.Soinsteadofrushingforittobedone,takeamomenttoenjoythedoing.ForeseethecomedownIfyouareawareofapotentialupcominganti-climax,scheduleanactivitytolookforwardtosoonaftertheeventhasfinished.ConsiderplanningsometimewithfriendsandfamilyorattendingaconcertorevenacookingclassThiscanactasareminderthatotheraspectsoflifecanbejustasfulfilling.NormalizetheexperienceThekeyistonormalizefeelingsoflowmood,confusion,andself-doubtaroundanti-climaxes,whicharesomethingmanypeopleexperience.Connectingwithothersmayalsobebeneficial.ltcanhelptoengagewithfriendsandinfluencersonlinewhosharesimilarexperiencestofeellessisolated(號(hào)K立的)withyourownemotions.Accordingtothepassage,howdopeopleoftenfeelaftertheymakegreatachievements?Whatdoes"arrivalfallacy,'referto?Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Todealwithyouranti-climax,you'dbetterstayawayfromthosewhosharesimilarexperienceswithyou.Supposeyouhavejustbeenadmittedtoyourdreamuniversity.Whatwillyoudotodealwiththeanti-climax?(Inabout40words)六、書面表達(dá)(本大題共1小題，共15.0分)28.假定你是紅星中學(xué)高二學(xué)生李華。你的英國筆友Jim對(duì)你近期居家學(xué)習(xí)期間的課余生活感興趣，來電子郵件詢問相關(guān)情況。請(qǐng)你用英語給他寫一封回復(fù)郵件，內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)如下：1.介紹課余生活(運(yùn)動(dòng)、勞動(dòng)等)；2.分享感受。注意1.詞數(shù)100左右2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。提示詞：COVID-19pandemic新冠疫情DearJim,Yours,LiHua答案和解析1~3.【答案】C、B、D【解析】（l）C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段AlthoughI'destablishedmyselfasahumourist,mymotherneverfoundmeormyworkparticularlyfunny.Welovedeachotherdeeply,ofcourse,butshewasmyhardestcritic.（雖然我已經(jīng)把自己塑造成一個(gè)幽默作家，但我母親從未覺得我或我的作品特別有趣。當(dāng)然，我們深愛著對(duì)方，但她是我最嚴(yán)厲的批評(píng)者。）可知母親在觀看作者的劇本是不笑時(shí)因?yàn)樗龔牟挥X得劇作者以及他的作品有趣，即母親不能理解作者的幽默。故選C。（2）B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段Duringthefuneral,amidstthetearsjamilymemberafterfamilymembergotupandrecountedthingsshehaddoneandsaidovertheyears.Tomysurprise,!foundmyselflaughing.Moreandmorestoriesabouthersurfaced.Welaughedaswerememberedher.（在葬禮上，在眼淚中，一個(gè)又一個(gè)的家人站起來，講述了她多年來所做的事情。令我吃驚的是，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己都笑了。越來越多的關(guān)于她的故事浮出水面。我們一想起她，就笑了起來。）可知最終幫助作者理解母親幽默的是和母親有關(guān)的故事。故選B。（3）D.寫作意圖題。根據(jù)文章最后一段IwishIcouldhavesharedthoselaughswithherwhileshewasalive,butI'mgladIfinallymadetheconnection.（我希望我能在她活著的時(shí)候和她分享這些笑聲，但我很高興我終于建立了這種聯(lián)系。）以及前文內(nèi)容的敘述可知作者寫這篇文章的目的是為了紀(jì)念自己的母親。故選D。這是一篇記敘文。作者的幽默作品從來不能讓母親發(fā)笑，而母親的幽默也是作者不能想象的，最終母親的去世讓作者從她的故事中真正理解了她的幽默。做這類題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對(duì)文章通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。做題時(shí)要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。4~6.【答案】B、A、A【解析】（1）B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句Mentionofhisnamealonewrinklesmanyteachers'noses—partlybecausesomeofthemwerehardlypreparedtoteachthenewmaterialthemselvesafterdecadesinwhichgrammarwaslargelyabsentfromclassrooms.（—提起他的名字，許多老師就會(huì)嗤之以鼻一部分原因是他們中的一些人在幾十年語法在課堂上基本消失之后，幾乎沒有準(zhǔn)備好自己教授新材料。）可知許多老師對(duì)邁克爾?戈夫的想法的態(tài)度是：他們表示不同意他的想法。故選B。A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句Ifyoudidintuit（直覺上知道）howtomakesubordinateclausesinyourmothertongue,gettingtograsptheminaforeignlanguageinlateryearsissimplerifyouknowhowtodefineandspotthem.（如果你憑直覺知道如何在母語中造出從句，如果你知道如何定義和識(shí)別它們，那么在以后的幾年里用外語掌握它們會(huì)更簡單。）可知母語語法有助于外語學(xué)習(xí)。故選A。A.標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句OtherobserversmaybegintowonderwhethertheNationalCurriculum,whichsince2014hasmadegrammarsuchacentralpartofitsEnglishprogramme,mighthavegonedownablindalley.（其他觀察家可能開始懷疑，自2014年以來一直將語法作為其英語課程核心部分的國家課程，是否會(huì)走上死胡同。）第四段最后兩句Thismayleadtotheconclusionthattheteachingofgrammarshouldbeshelvedaltogether.However,itshouldn'tbeabandoned,thoughitshouldbereformed.（這可能導(dǎo)致語法教學(xué)應(yīng)該完全擱置的結(jié)論。然而，它不應(yīng)該被拋棄，盡管它應(yīng)該被改革。）再結(jié)合最后一段第一句Grammarcouldstillbetaughtbetter.（語法仍然可以教得更好。）可知文章就是否應(yīng)該進(jìn)行語法教學(xué)進(jìn)行了闡述，指出語法教學(xué)不應(yīng)該被拋棄，應(yīng)該被改革，語法仍然可以教得更好。所以文章的標(biāo)題應(yīng)該是：Grammar-ToTeachorNottoTeach（教還是不教語法）.故選A。本文是一篇說明文。文章就是否應(yīng)該進(jìn)行語法教學(xué)進(jìn)行了闡述，指出語法教學(xué)不應(yīng)該被拋棄，應(yīng)該被改革，語法仍然可以教得更好。做這類題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對(duì)文章通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。推理判斷題也是要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。7?10.【答案】C、A、A、A【解析】（1）C.寫作意圖題。根據(jù)第一段Ifyou'rereachingforthelastpieceofpizzaataparty,andmeanwhileseeanotherhandgoingforit,yournextmoveprobablydependsonhowyoufeelandwhomthehandbelongsto.Yourlittlesister—youmightjustgrabthepizza.Yourboss-youprobablywillgiveup.Butifyou'rehungryandfeelingparticularlyconfident,youmightgoforit.（如果你在派對(duì)上伸手去拿最后一塊披薩，同時(shí)看到另一只手在拿，你的下一步行動(dòng)可能取決于你的感覺以及那只手屬于誰。你妹妹一一你可能就去拿披薩。你的老板一一你可能會(huì)放棄。但是如果你餓了并且感覺特別自信，你可能會(huì)去拿披薩。）結(jié)合之后文章提出大腦中一個(gè)叫做內(nèi)側(cè)前額葉皮質(zhì)（mPFC）的區(qū)域負(fù)責(zé)代表哺乳動(dòng)物的社會(huì)地位，可知作者寫第一段是為了引出一個(gè)主要話題。故選C。A.代詞指代題。根據(jù)第五段WhentheresearchersnextaskedwhethertheactivityofthemPFCneuronswasassociatedwithbehaviour,theyfoundsomethingsurprising.Thebrainactivitypatternswerelinkedwithslightchangesinbehaviour,suchashowfastamousemoved,and alsocouldpredict-afull30secondsbeforethecompetitionstarted-whichmousewouldwinthefoodreward.（當(dāng)研究人員再次詢問mPFC神經(jīng)元的活動(dòng)是否與行為有關(guān)時(shí)，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些令人驚訝的事情。大腦活動(dòng)模式與行為的輕微變化有關(guān)，例如老鼠移動(dòng)的速度，它們還可以在比賽開始前整整30秒預(yù)測哪只老鼠會(huì)贏得食物獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。）可知研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)mPFC神經(jīng)元的活動(dòng)與行為密切相關(guān)，劃線部分的"they"指的是mPFC神經(jīng)元。故選A。A.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段TheareasofthemPFCassociatedwithsocialrankand"winningmindset"arenexttooneanotherandhighlyconnected.Signalsonsocialrankimpactthestateofthebraininvolvedin"winningmindset".Inotherwords,asubordinatemouse'sconfidenceand"winningmindset"maypartiallydecreasewhenfacedwithadominantone.（mPFC中與社會(huì)地位和“獲勝心態(tài)”相關(guān)的區(qū)域彼此相鄰，高度相關(guān)。社會(huì)等級(jí)的信號(hào)會(huì)影響"獲勝心態(tài)”的大腦狀態(tài)。換句話說，當(dāng)面對(duì)占優(yōu)勢的老鼠時(shí)，從屬老鼠的信心和“獲勝心態(tài)”可能會(huì)部分下降。）可知mPFC神經(jīng)元可以提供社會(huì)等級(jí)信號(hào)，同時(shí)也會(huì)影響"獲勝心態(tài)”的大腦狀態(tài)。也就是說：mPFC神經(jīng)元改變支配行為。故選A。A.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段Thewinnerwasnotalwaysthemoredominant.buttheoneengagedina"winningmindset".Justasyoumightsometimesbeinamorecompetitivemoodandbemorelikelytosnatchthatpizzaslicebeforeyourboss,asubordinatemousemightbeinamore"winningmindset"thanamoredominantmouseandendupwinning.（勝利者并不總是更具統(tǒng)治力的人，而是處于“勝利心態(tài)”的人。正如你有時(shí)可能處于一種更具競爭性的情緒中，更有可能在老板面前搶走那塊披薩一樣，處于從屬地位的老鼠可能比更具統(tǒng)治力的老鼠處于更"勝利的心態(tài)"，并最終獲勝。）可知?jiǎng)倮卟灰欢ㄊ墙y(tǒng)治者，而是處于“勝利心態(tài)”的人，也就是說那些渴望勝利的人可能會(huì)成功。故選A。本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了研究人員對(duì)大腦中一個(gè)叫做內(nèi)側(cè)前額葉皮質(zhì)（mPFC）的區(qū)域如何參與改變支配行為的研究，得出結(jié)論：處于“勝利心態(tài)”的人更容易成為具有統(tǒng)治力的人，并且mPFC神經(jīng)元改變支配行為。做這類題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對(duì)文章通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。做題時(shí)要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。11?15.【答案】E、F、D、B、G［解析】（1）E.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Whatdoesittaketoachieveworld-changingscientificbreakthroughs?Somearetheresultofaluckyaccident,combinedwithcuriosity.（怎樣才能實(shí)現(xiàn)改變世界的科學(xué)突破？有些是幸運(yùn)的意外加上好奇心的結(jié)果）結(jié)合空格后句子Oneday,usuallyearlyintheircareer,theygetanideatheycan'tstopthinkingabout.It'scrazy,theysaytothemselves,butisitreallyimpossible?Theytalktorespectedcolleagueswhooftenremindthemofallthereasonstheirideamightnotwork,andhowdamagingthiscouldbefortheircareer.（有一天，通常在他們職業(yè)生涯的早期，他們會(huì)有一個(gè)想法，他們無法停止思考。他們對(duì)自己說，這太瘋狂了，但這真的不可能嗎？他們與受人尊敬的同事交談，這些同事經(jīng)常提醒他們，他們的想法可能行不通的所有原因，以及這對(duì)他們的職業(yè)生涯有多大的危害）可知，空格處提出的應(yīng)該是實(shí)現(xiàn)改變世界的科學(xué)突破需要的另一樣?xùn)|西，科學(xué)家對(duì)對(duì)特定想法的追求。由此可知，E選項(xiàng)Othermajorbreakthroughsoriginatefromscientistspursuingaspecificidea（其他重大突破源于科學(xué)家對(duì)特定想法的追求）符合題意。故選E。F.段落大意題。根據(jù)空格前的句子Yet,theideawon'tdieandtheyaredeterminedtotravelthatroad-aroadthatmaywellleadnowhere.（然而，這個(gè)想法不會(huì)消亡，他們決心走這條路…這條路很可能一無所獲）可知，空格處在繼續(xù)論述他們不放棄走這條路的另一種結(jié)果。由此可知，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)ButsometimestheroadleadstomajorbreakthroughslikeX-rayandvaccines（但有時(shí)這條路會(huì)帶來重大突破，如X光和疫苗）符合題意。故選F。D.推理判斷題。根據(jù)空格前的句子Bybringingtheirdreamstolife,theywererewardedwithfameandwealthandsomethingevenmorevaluable.（通過實(shí)現(xiàn)夢想，他們獲得了名利和更寶貴的東西）可知，空格處繼續(xù)說明實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的夢想帶來的好處。由此可知，D選項(xiàng)Becauseofthem,millionsofpeoplearoundtheworldnevergotsickordied（正因?yàn)樗麄儯澜鐢?shù)百萬人從未生病或死亡）符合題意，選項(xiàng)中的them指代是前文提到的為實(shí)現(xiàn)夢想而努力的科學(xué)家們。故選D。B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)空格前一句Ofcourse,lheobsession（執(zhí)念）withanunlikelydreamfailstopayoffformanyscientists.（當(dāng)然，對(duì)許多科學(xué)家來說，癡迷于一個(gè)不太可能的夢并沒有得到回報(bào)）和下兩句Naturedoesn'tturnouttooperatethewaytheypredicted.Intheend,theirbeautifultheoryismurderedbybrutalfacts.（事實(shí)證明，大自然并不像他們預(yù)測的那樣運(yùn)作。最終，他們美麗的理論被殘酷的事實(shí)所扼殺）可知，空格處繼續(xù)說明癡迷于一個(gè)不太可能的夢不能達(dá)到回報(bào)。由此可知，B選項(xiàng)Theirideas,thoughbrilliant,intheendareprovedwrong（他們的想法雖然很聰明，但最終被證明是錯(cuò)誤的）符合題意。故選B。G.根據(jù)空格前一句Ultimately.scientificbreakthroughsarepossibleonlyifasocietyiswillingtoinvestindreamers,recognizingthatnotallinvestmentswillleadtomajorbreakthroughs.（歸根結(jié)底，只有當(dāng)一個(gè)社會(huì)愿意投資于夢想家，并認(rèn)識(shí)到并非所有的投資都會(huì)帶來重大突破時(shí)，科學(xué)突破才有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)）和下一句Moreimportantly,theinvestmentspreventsufferinganddeathandchangetheworld.（更重要的是，投資可以防止痛苦和死亡，并改變世界）"可知，空格處提到的應(yīng)該是投資帶來的好處。由此可知，G選項(xiàng)However,theinvestmentsleadingtobreakthroughsbringagreatereconomicreturn（然而，導(dǎo)致突破的投資帶來了更大的經(jīng)濟(jì)回報(bào)）符合題意，選項(xiàng)中theinvestments在前后文都有提到，屬于同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選G。本文是一篇議論文。文章論述了在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域，很多突破源于幸運(yùn)的意外，有時(shí)源于科學(xué)家的不斷追求和不放棄，最后作者得出結(jié)論：只有當(dāng)社會(huì)愿意投資于這些夢想家并且認(rèn)識(shí)到并非所有的投資都會(huì)帶來重大突破時(shí)，才有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)改變世界的科學(xué)突破。①通讀全文，了解文章大意；②細(xì)讀七個(gè)選項(xiàng)，找出和文章相對(duì)應(yīng)的關(guān)鍵詞，分析選項(xiàng)間的邏輯關(guān)系；③根據(jù)文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)、具體內(nèi)容，結(jié)合關(guān)鍵詞，選出最佳選項(xiàng)；④將所選答案代入文中，再次通讀全文，重點(diǎn)查看邏輯關(guān)系和關(guān)聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)是否合理。16?25.【答案】B、A、C、D、A、D、A、C、B、D【解析】（1）B.考查動(dòng)詞及語境理解。A.continued繼續(xù)；B.agreed同意：C.hesitated猶豫；D.failed失敗。句意：但我同意競選學(xué)生會(huì)書記員，因?yàn)槲抑雷鰧W(xué)生會(huì)書記員并不難。根據(jù)后文"Whentheelectioncame,I（2）可知，我競選了學(xué)生會(huì)書記員。故選B項(xiàng)。A.考查動(dòng)詞及語境理解。A.won贏；B.voted選舉;C.withdrew收回；D.panicked恐慌。句意：當(dāng)選舉來臨時(shí)，我贏了。根據(jù)下"Indeed,overthewholeyearthatfollowed,theonlythingmynewpositionbroughtwasasenseof（3），justasIhadhoped."可知，我當(dāng)選了書記員。故選A項(xiàng)。C.考查名詞及語境理解。A.freedom自由：B.achievement成就；C.lightness輕松：D.security安全。句意：事實(shí)上，在接下來的一整年里，我的新職位帶來的唯一的東西就是一種輕松的感覺，正如我所希望的那樣。根據(jù)后文"Isaidthecourtclerkdidn'tdoanything；sincetherewasnocourt,itdidn'tmatterwhotheyvotedfor?”可知，因?yàn)槠綍r(shí)無事可做，所以工作很輕松。故選C項(xiàng)。D.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.coolesl最酷的；B.hardest最艱難的；C.best最好的；D.lowest最低的。句意：我認(rèn)為我是最不重要的，在學(xué)生會(huì)中排名最低的職位。根據(jù)前文"1thoughtIwaslastintermsofimportanceJ可知，我認(rèn)為我的職位最低。故選D項(xiàng)。A.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.truthful真實(shí)的；B.respectful恭敬的；C.smart聰明的；D.humble謙虛的。句意：我以為我很誠實(shí)很酷。根據(jù)前文"1saidthatthecourtclerkdidn'tdoanything；sincetherewasnocourt,itdidn'tmatterwhotheyvotedfor.*'以及空后的“andcool.”可知，因?yàn)橹v了實(shí)話，所以我認(rèn)為自己很酷也很誠實(shí)。故選A項(xiàng)。D.考查動(dòng)詞及語境理解。A.disturbed打擾；B.punished懲罰；C.doubted懷疑;Dropped停止。句意：然而，當(dāng)我離開時(shí)，我被憤怒的學(xué)生會(huì)顧問羅伯特先生攔住了。根據(jù)后文"Hetookmeasideandcriticizedme,usingwhatever(7)wordshecouldthinkof."可知，我被學(xué)生會(huì)顧問攔住了。故選D項(xiàng)。A.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.sharp尖銳的；B.abstract抽象的；C.confiising令人困惑的；D.discouraging使人沮喪的。句意：他把我拉到一邊，用他能想到的任何尖銳的話批評(píng)我。根據(jù)空前的"Hetookmeasideandcriticizedme,usingwhalever"以及空后'wordshecouldthinkof.”可知，學(xué)生會(huì)顧問對(duì)我進(jìn)行了嚴(yán)厲的批評(píng)。故選A項(xiàng)。C.考查名詞及語境理解。A.self-control自控；B.self?acceptance自我接受；