2021-2022學(xué)年河北省邢臺(tái)市高二（下）第二次月考英語試卷（附答案詳解）

202L2022學(xué)年河北省邢臺(tái)市卓越聯(lián)盟高二（下）第二次

月考英語試卷AIfyou'dliketogosightseeing,thefollowingWorldHeritageSitesmaybeyourbestchoices.JiuzhaigouValleyScenicandHistoricInterestAreaJiuzhaigouValley,whichliesinthenorthernpartofSichuanProvince,China,reachesaheightofmorethan4,800m,withaseriesofdifferentforestecosystems（生態(tài)系統(tǒng)）.It'sparticularlyfamousforitsexcellentwaterfalls.About140kindsofbirdsliveinthevalley,aswellasanumberofendangeredplantsandanimals,includingthegiantpanda.JiuzhaigouValleywasrecognisedasaWorldHeritageSitebyUNESCOin1992.KhamiRuinsNationalMonumentThecityofKhami,whichdevelopedafterthecapitalofGreatZimbabwehadbeengivenupinthemid-16thcentury,isofgreatarchaeological（考古的）interest.ThediscoveryofobjectsfromEuropeandChinashowsthatKhamiwasamajorcentrefortradeoveralongperiodoftime.ItjoinedtheWorldHeritageListin1986.HendersonislandHendersonIsland,whichliesintheeasternSouthPacific,isoneofthefewatolls（環(huán)礁）intheworldwhoseecologyhasbeenuntouchedbyhumans.Ifsparticularlyfamousforthe10plantsand4birdsthatcanonlybeseenontheisland.ltwasrecordedintheWorldHeritageListin1988.TheTajMahalTheTajMahalisconsideredtobeoneofthemostbeautifulbuildingsintheworldandthefinestexampleofthelatestyleofIndianarchitecture.ltwasbuiltbytheemperorShahJehan,whoruledIndiainthe17thcentury.ltwasinmemoryofhisfavouritewifewhodiedin1631.ThearchitecturewasgivenaWorldHeritageStatusin1983.WhichofthefollowingcanbefoundinJiuzhaigouValley?A.Wonderfulwaterfalls. B.Ancientobjects.C.Beautifulbuildings. D.Untouchedecology.WhatcanwelearnabouttheTajMahal?Itdoesn'texistnow.Itwasbuiltbyanemperor'swife.Ithasbecomeaplaceofinterest.Itlooksmorebeautifulthanotherbuildings.Inwhichpartofanewspapercanwereadthetext?A.Industry.B.Travel. C.Science. D.Business.BLately,my90-year-oldmotherhasbeensleepierandsleepier.Thisisverystrangeandworrying.Atthesametime,my92-year-oldfatherhasbeensufferinghisownhealthproblems.ltisaterriblethingtoseemyfatherstruggletogetmymothertotalk,saysomething,whenshedoesn'thavetheenergy.Theotherday,IrecalledhowmymotherusedtovisitawomannamedMrs.Demopolis,aGreekimmigrant,whomadethebestbaklava（果仁蜜餅）intheworld!Shegavelessonsonbakingittomymother.Also,mymotheroftenbakedbaklavaathome.AsIspokeofthisoverthephone,mysilentmotherandsaidhowmuchshe*dliketohaveoneagain.Now,theyliveinFloridaandIliveinWales,UK,soIcan'tgoandbringhersomebaklavaorevenmakesomeinherkitchen.ButwhatIdidsuggestwasthatmyfathercouldbuysomebaklavaataGreekrestaurantandIcoulddothesame,andwouldn'titbefuntoeatourbaklavaatexactlythesametimeandso,betogethersharingthemomentandthepleasure?Myparentslovedtheideaandwedecidedtodoit.Twodayslaterwebothhadourbaklavaandsharedtheexperience.ltmeantalottomyparents,andtome,todothis.Mymothersaidshewantedtodothisagain,maybewithanotherfoodorevenbaklavaagain!Whynot?Andassheonlykeepslosingweightinsteadofgaining,itisgoodforhertofindfoodsthatappealtoherappetite.Itisbecominghardertofindwaystocommunicateoverthephone,butthisisatleastaverygoodwaytodoso.Whydoestheauthorfeelworried?Hermothercan'twalkbyherself.Hermotherisbecominglessactive.Herfatherhastogethermothertotalk.Hermotherrefusestotalkwithherfather.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“perkedup"inParagraph2mean?A.Calmeddown. B.Turnedaround.C.Heldone'sbreath. D.Cametolife.Whatdidtheauthorsuggesttopleasehermother?Theyshouldenjoythesamefoodatthesametime.Theauthorshouldbuysomebaklavaforhermother.Hermothershouldmakesomebaklavainherkitchen.Herfamilyshouldgettogethertolookafterhermother.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthor'smother?Shehopestolivewithherdaughter.Sheislookingforherfavoritefood.Shelikescommunicatinginthisway.Shethinksbaklavaisthemostdelicious.Theworldwilltohavetostartthinkingseriouslytosaveitscoralreefs.Coralsarecomebackcreatures.Asthesealevelsroseandfellover30,000years,Australia'sGreatBarrierReef,roughlythesizeofItaly,diedandrevivedfivetimes.Butnow,thankstohumanactivity,coralsfacethemostcomplexconditionstheyhaveyethadtodealwith.AccordingtotheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange,ariseinglobaltemperatureofl.5℃abovepre-industriallevelcouldcausecoralreefstodeclineby70-90%.Theplanetisabout1℃hotterthaninthe19thcenturyanditsseasarebecomingwarmer,stormierandmoreacidic.Thisisalreadyaffectingrelationsbetweencoralsandthesingle-celledalgae（海藻）withwhichtheylivetogether,andwhichgivethemtheircolour.Whenwatersbecomeunusuallywarm,coralspushthealgaeout,leavingreefsaghostlywhite,whichishappeningfivetimesasoftenasitdidinthe1970s.Meanwhilethechangingchemistryoftheoceanslowerstheabundanceofcarbonateions（碳酸鹽離子），makingitharderforcoralstoformtheirskeletons（骨骼）.Ifcoralsgo,diversandoceanbiologistsarenottheonlypeoplewhowillmissthem.Reefstakeuponlyonepercentoftheseafloor,butsupportaquarteroftheplanetsfishdiversity.Thefishthatreefsshelterareespeciallyvaluabletotheirpooresthumanneighbours,manyofwhomdependonthemasasourceofprotein.IntheCoralTriangle,anareaofwaterstretchingacrossSouth-EastAsiaandintothePacificwhichishometothree-quartersofknowncoralspecies,morethan130millionpeoplerelyonreefsforfoodandfortheirlivelihoodsinfishingandtourism.Whatcausescoralstodecline?A.Pollution. B.Tourism.C.Fishing. D.Temperaturerise.Whatwillaffectthecolorofcorals?Thesingle-celledalgae.Theabundanceofcarbonateions.Theplanet'sfishdiversities.Thechangingchemistryoftheoceans.Wherecanweprobablyreadthepassage?A.Atravelbrochure. B.ALiteraturewebsite.C.Asciencejournal. D.Ageographyfiction.Whatwillthefollowingparagraphprobablytalkabout?A.Advantagesofcorals. B.Measurestosavecorals.C.Effectsofcoraldecline. D.Reasonswhycoralsdecline.DFromteenagetoadulthood,yougothroughabasketofchanges一graduationjobsandrelationshipsthatcomeandgo.Butasyougrowolder,doesyourpersonalitychange?Peopletendtothinkofpersonalityasfixed.Butthatisnothowitworks.MPersonalityisadevelopmentalphenomenoninsteadofsomethingthatyou'restuckwithandcan'tgetover,"saidBrentRoberts,apsychologistattheUniversityofIllinois.Robertsandotherresearchershavesurveyedthepersonalitiesofparticipantsregularlyovermanyyears,showingthatourpersonalityisactuallystablewithineachdecadeoflife.Youdon'tnoticeitonaI-to-5-yeartimerange,butinthelongterm,itbecomespronounced（顯著的）.In1960,psychologistssurveyedover440，000highschoolstudentswhoansweredquestionsabouteverythingfromhowtheyreactedtoemotionalsituationstohowefficientlytheygotworkdone.Fiftyyearslater,researcherstrackeddown1,952ofthesestudentsandgavethemthesamesurvey.Theresultsfoundthatintheir60s,participantsscoredmuchhigherthantheydidasteenagersonquestionsmeasuringcalmness,self-confidence,leadershipandsocialsensitivity（敏感度）.Overagain,studieshavefoundsimilarresults.Personalitytendstogetbetterovertime.Psychologistsnameit"thematurityprinciple（成熟定律）Peoplebecomemoreextroverted（外向），emotionallystable,agreeableandgentleastheygrowolder.Ingeneral,"thematurityprinciple11appliestomostpeople.Sowhatcausesthechange?Evidencesuggestsit'snotdramaticlifeevents,suchasmarriage,thebirthofachildorlossofalovedone.Instead,changingexpectationsplacedonus——asweadjusttouniversity,theworkforce,startingafamily——slowlywearusin,almostlikeapairofshoes,Robertssaid."Overtime,youareaskedtodothingsdifferentlyandthuslearnhowtobehaveinthesesituations."Soweadapt.WhathasRobertsfoundaboutpersonalityaccordingtothepassage?Itisastablephenomenon.Itchangesonadailybasis.Itisafixedpatternofthoughts.Itdevelopsgraduallyasweage.HowdidthepsychologistscarryouttheirresearchaccordingtoParagraph4?A.Byclassifyingthefacts.Bymakingcomparisons.Bygivingvariousexamples.Byquotingpreviousresearches.Whichofthefollowingmightnthematurityprinciple*'bringabout?Anapproachableandstablecharacter.Acalmandself-centeredpersonality.Asuccessfulandextraordinarycareer.Anunusualandemotionalsensitivity.Whydoesourpersonalitychangeaccordingtothelastparagraph?Wehavetoomuchworktodo.Dramaticlifeeventshavehappenedtous.Wegraduallyadapttodifferentlifesituations.Itisstressfultobehave?ourselvesinadulthood.Haveyoueverhadtroublesleepinginanewplace?⑴AndnowresearchersfromBrownUniversityinRhodeIslandthinktheyknowwhy.Theyfoundthatone-halfofthebrain"remainsmoreawake"thantheotherhalfwhenpeoplearetryingtosleepinanewplace.Theresearcherssaidthisappearsacaseofthebrainkeepingpeoplereadyfortroubleinanewplace.Manypeoplereporttheyhaveahardertimesleepingthefirstnightatahotelorotherplacesoutsidetheirhome.⑵“InJapan,theysay,'ifyouchangeyourpillow,youcan'tsleepinanewplace.,"saidYukaSasaki,oneofthereport'sauthors.Theresearchersmeasuredbrainwavesfor35volunteersovertwonightsinalaboratory.⑶Theyfoundduringthefirstnightthelefthemisphere(半球)ofthebrainwasmoreactivethantherighthemisphere.Sasakisaidalotofquestionsremain.(4)So.theydon'tknowifthelefthemispherekeeps“watch"allnight.Orwhetherit"worksinshifts1'withtherighthemispherelaterinthenight.Theyalsodonotknowwhytheextrabrainactivity,atleastduringthefirstphaseofdeepsleep,isalwaysonthelefthemisphere.(5)Itisgoodtoknowthatourbrainis"lookingoutforus,'*inanewplace.Butitmaynothelpwithsleep.Thatextrabrainactivity,atleastaccordingtothisnewresearch,makesithardertogetthesleeppeopleneedtowakeupwell-restedinthemorning.A.Lotsofpeopledo.B.Mostpeopleareunawareofit.C.Thetwonightswereaweekapart.D.Theycallitthe"first-nighteffect11.E.Forsome,thisresearchmaybecalming.F.Researchersdidnotkeepmeasuringbrainwavesallnightlong.G.Researchersfoundtheextrabrainactivityinthelefthemisphere.16.A.AEF.FB.BG.GC.CD.DE.17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.F

19.A.AEB.BC.CD.DE.F.FG.G20.A.AEF.FB.BG.GC.CD.DE.Atraditionformywifeistomakeholidaytreatsanddrivearoundtowntodelivertoabout15friends.Wedothisovertwodaysand(21)alotofsatisfactionseeingpeopleandwishingthemwell.Lastnightkindnesshadastrange(22)withtiming.First,we(23)todelivertreatstoour95-yearoldneighborrightbeforeshewasreadytogotosleep.Next,we(24)tofriendswhohadjustfinisheddinnerandwere(25)forsomethingsweet.Shortlyafter,withplateinhand,we(26)aneighborandherdaughterwhowerecominghomefromawalk.Lateron(27),wewerethengettingtoafriend'shouseasshe(28)fromvisitingsomeoneelse.Aneighty-fiveyearoldneighborwasonZoomwithfriendstalkingaboutwhatChristmasmeantandsaidthatoursurprisewastheperfect(29).Onefriendwasnothomewhenwecalled.Shewascoolonthe(30)whenwerangtoletherknowwewereleavingasmall(31)forher.Shetoldusshewasonherwayandaskedifwewould(32).Shesaidthatshecoulduseahug.ShehadjustreturnedfromtheER.Herhusband,whohadbeensuffering(33)medicalbarriers,hadjustfallen,brokenhishipandneededsurgery.Shegotherhugs.Fromaperfectdessertafteragoodmealto(34)forfriendworriedaboutherhusband,oursweetsmeantalottomany.Smallthingsthatcanmakeabig(35).21.A.gainB.testC.paceD.bond22.A.bonusB.connectionC.extensionD.foundation23.A.gotupB.madeoutC.startedoutD.calledup24.A.startedB.relayedC.attendedD.delivered25.A.bubblingB.starvingC.chasingD.acquiring26.A.giftedB.fetchedC.spottedD.dismissed27.A.onaverageB.bycontrastC.onpurposeD.byaccident28.A.heldupB.pickedupC.pulledupD.tookup29.A.mercyB.exampleC.capacityD.function30.A.phoneB.fenceC.mealD.scene31.A.diskB.mailC.treatD.dessert32.A.waitB.bookC.urgeD.withdraw33.A.violentB.temporaryC.ridiculousD.continuous34.A.rangeB.supportC.grantD.labour35.A.aptitudeB.criterionC.differenceD.platform36.ScientistsinPeruhavediscoveredtheskull(顱骨)ofanancestorofmodern-daywhales.Thefossilizedskullisbelieved(1)(be)about36millionyearsold.Researcherssaythediscoverysuggeststhattheanimallivedinanoceanonce⑵(cover)Peru'ssouthernOcucajedesert.Thescientistsreportedtheskullwasingoodconditionwhen⑶(dig)uplastyear.lthasaseriesoflong,pointy(4)(tooth),saidRodolfoSalas,chiefofpaleontologyatPeru'sNationalUniversityofSanMarcos.Scientistssaytheancientmammalwasabasilosaurus,whichisinthecetacean(鯨目)family.Thenamebasilosaurusmeans"kinglizard(蜥蜴)°andtheanimal(5)(think)tohavebeenabout12meterslong.Butitwasnotareptile(爬行動(dòng)物)although⑹(it)longbodymighthavemovedlikealargesnake.SalascalledtheanimalMamarinemonster*'thatmaybelong(7)anewspeciesofbasilosaurus.uWhenitwassearchingforitsfoodjt(8)(sure)didalotofdamage,"headded.Salasexplainedthatwhentheancientbasilosaurusdiedout,itsskulllikelysanktothebottomoftheocean,(9)itwasquicklyburiedandremained."Backduringthisage,(10)conditionsforfossilizationwereverygoodinOcucaje,"Salassaid.37.你所在學(xué)校近期將邀請(qǐng)省高校外教兼職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃師Peler先生來做講座。假如你是高二學(xué)生李華，即將進(jìn)入高三一輪復(fù)習(xí)。請(qǐng)你給MrPeter寫封信，介紹你本人在學(xué)習(xí)、個(gè)性等方面的長處以及你的職業(yè)愿景，并請(qǐng)他為你在選擇大學(xué)專業(yè)方面提出一些建議。.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。DearPeter,IamLiHua.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yours,LiHua38.Whenmyboyswereyounger,goingoutwiththemwasdifficult.MyheartsankduringtheholidayseasoneverytimeIlookedatthelonglineofkidswaitingtomeetSanta.Thiswasnotanactivityourfamilycouldenjoy.Thenoiseandcrowdscausedsensory（感官的）overloadformyfive-year-oldsonNoah,anautistic（患自閉癥的）child.!alsohadayoungerson,Henry,whoneededanextrahand.Waitinginlinewashardlypossible.IalwayshopedforthebestbutplannedfortheworstwhenItooktheboysoutofthehouse,butIknewthatattemptingtogetapicturewithSantawasn'tworththerisk.Ifwehadattemptedtostandinlineforevenafewminutes,!wouldhavebeenchasingNoah,andHenrywouldhaveexperiencedanemotionalbreakdown.ltwaseasiertostayathome.OntheafternoonofChristmasEveayearago,thephonerang.Thevoiceontheotherendofthelinesaid,"Ifyou'reathomethisevening,FdliketoarrangefbrSantatostopby.nItwasDenny,thefriendlyownerofacompany,whohadhelpeduswithourdo-it-yourselfproject.Inashorttimehewasatourhome,Denny'skindnessandabilitytorelatetoourkidswereevident.IfeltnervousandexcitedabouthavingSantacometoourhome.Dennytoldmeitwouldbewellarranged.Wouldourkidsevennotice?Wouldtheybefrightenedbyastrangerinaredsuit?Wouldtheycry?AfewminutesbeforeIwasplanningtocookdinneronChristmasEve,Santatappedgentlyontheliving-roomwindow.Noahwasspeechless,andhisjawdropped.Henry,twoyearsold,wavedandsaid,"Hi,Santa!"注意：.續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；.續(xù)寫部分分為兩段，每段的開頭語已為你寫好。Paragraph1：Excitedandnervous,!openedthedoorandSantasteppedinside.Paragraph2：Santaleftafterstayingforonlyafewminutesandtearsstreameddownmyface.答案和解析1~3.【答案】A、C、B［解析】（1）A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中”It'sparticularlyfamousforitsexcellentwaterfalls.”可知，在九寨溝能夠觀賞到瀑布。A.Wonderfulwaterfalls.奇妙的瀑布：B.Ancientobjects.古代物品；C.Beaulifulbuildings美麗的建筑；D.Untouchedecology未被觸及的生態(tài)。故選A.C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段中"ThearchitecturewasgivenaWorldHeritageStatusin1983.”可知，泰姬陵已經(jīng)成為一處旅游勝地。A.itdoesn'texistnow.（它現(xiàn)在不存在了）與原文不符；B.Itwasbuiltbyanemperor'swife.（它是由一位皇帝的妻子建造的），IMItwasbuiltbytheemperorShahJehan,whoruledIndiainthe17thcentury.ltwasinmemoryofhisfavouritewifewhodiedin1631.（它是由17世紀(jì)統(tǒng)治印度的國王沙?杰汗建造的。這是為了紀(jì)念他死于1631年的愛妻。）因此與原文不符；D.Itlooksmorebeautifulthanotherbuildings.（它看起來比其他建筑物更漂亮），原文并沒有將其與其他建筑物作對(duì)比；C.Ithasbecomeaplaceofinterest.（它已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)名勝古跡）符合題意，故選C.B.文章出處題。通讀全文可知，這篇文章介紹了四個(gè)世界遺產(chǎn)遺址，最有可能出現(xiàn)在報(bào)紙的旅游專欄中。A.Industry工業(yè)；B.TraveL旅行；C.Science.科學(xué)；D.Business.商業(yè)。故選B.本文為應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四處世界遺產(chǎn)遺址供游客選擇。1.直接信息題：直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息，選項(xiàng)在語言表達(dá)上與原文基本一致的題目。2.間接信息題：間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息，但在語言表達(dá)上與原文有差異，做題時(shí)需要對(duì)原文信息進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。3.綜合信息題：綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話，可能是原文的幾句話，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求學(xué)生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來分析，而不能斷章取義。4~7.【答案】B、D、A、C【解析】（1）B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Lately,my90-year-oldmotherhasbeensleepierandsleepier.Thisisverystrangeandworrying.（最近,我90歲的媽媽越來越困了。這是非常奇怪和令人擔(dān)憂的）可知，作者會(huì)感到焦慮是因?yàn)樗赣H變得不那么活躍了。故選BoD.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段TheotherdayjrecalledhowmymotherusedtovisitawomannamedMrs.Demopolis,aGreekimmigrant,whomadethebestbaklava（果仁蜜餅）intheworld!Shegavelessonsonbakingittomymother.Also,mymotheroftenbakedbaklavaathome.AsIspokeofthisoverthephone,mysilentmotherperkedupandsaidhowmuchshe*dliketohaveoneagain.（有一天，我想起我母親曾經(jīng)去拜訪一位名叫德莫波里斯夫人的女土，她是一位希臘移民，她做的果仁蜜餅是世界上最好的!她教我媽媽怎么烤。而且，我媽媽經(jīng)常在家烤果仁蜜餅。當(dāng)我在電話里談到這件事的時(shí)候，沉默的母親興奮起來，說她多么希望可以再吃一個(gè)果仁蜜餅。）可知，聽到女兒在電話里說這件事，老太太變得興奮活躍起來。所以劃線詞的意思是"活躍起來，恢復(fù)生機(jī)"。A.Calmeddown.平靜下來，鎮(zhèn)定下來；B.Turnedaround.轉(zhuǎn)向反方向；C.Heldone'sbreath.屏息；D.Cametolife.活躍起來，恢復(fù)生機(jī)。故選D項(xiàng)。A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題o根據(jù)第三段ButwhatIdidsuggestwasthatmyfathercouldbuysomebaklavaataGreekrestaurantandIcoulddothesame,andwouldn'titbefuntoeatourbaklavaatexactlythesametimeandso,betogethersharingthemomentandthepleasure?Myparentslovedtheideaandwedecidedtodoit.（但我的建議是，我父親可以在希臘餐廳買一些果仁蜜餅，我也可以做同樣的事，如果我們?cè)谕粫r(shí)間吃果仁蜜餅，一起分享這一刻和快樂，不是很有趣嗎？我父母很喜歡這個(gè)主意，我們決定照做。）可知，作者建議，雖然身處兩地，但他們可以各自買來果仁蜜餅，相約時(shí)間，一起享受它的美味與度過這段歡愉時(shí)光。故選A項(xiàng)。C.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Itmeantalottomyparents,andtome,todothis.Mymothersaidshewantedtodothisagain,maybewithanotherfoodorevenbaklavaagain!Whynot?（對(duì)我父母和我來說，這樣做意義重大。我媽媽說她想再來一次，也許再來一份食物，甚至是果仁蜜餅!為什么不呢？）可知，作者的母親很喜歡用這種方式交流。故選C項(xiàng)。本文是一篇記敘文。講述了90歲的老母親最近越來越昏昏欲睡，這讓作者很擔(dān)心。后來作者想了一個(gè)辦法，讓母親活躍起來。閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對(duì)未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點(diǎn)理論，對(duì)文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋?？忌紫纫屑?xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點(diǎn)。8?11.【答案】D、A、C、B［解析】（1）D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段AccordingtotheIntergovernmentalPaneionClimateChange,arisein-globaltemperaturesof1.5Cabovepre-industriallevelcould,causecoralreefsto,declineby70-90%（根據(jù)政府間的帕尼隆氣候變化組織，全球氣溫比工業(yè)化前水平上升1.5攝氏度，可能導(dǎo)致珊瑚礁下降70-90%）可知，溫度上升導(dǎo)致珊瑚數(shù)量減少。A.Pollution.污染；B.Tourism.旅游；C.Fishing.捕魚業(yè)；D.Temperaturerise.溫度上升。故選D。A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段Thisisalreadyaffectingrelationsbetweencoralsandthesingle-celledalgaewithwhich出eylivetogether,and,whichgivethemtheircolour.（這已經(jīng)影響了珊瑚和它們生活在一起的單細(xì)胞藻類之間的關(guān)系，單細(xì)胞藻類賦予了珊瑚顏色。）可知，單細(xì)胞藻類會(huì)影響珊瑚的顏色。故選A。C.文章出處題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，文章講述了氣溫的上升導(dǎo)致了珊瑚的減少，及珊瑚的減少對(duì)人類的影響，因此本文來自于科學(xué)雜志。A.Atravelbrochure.旅游手冊(cè)；B.ALiteraturewebsite.文學(xué)網(wǎng)站；C.Asciencejournal.科學(xué)雜志；D.Ageographyfiction.地理小說。故選C。B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)根據(jù)第二段AccordingtotheIntergovernmentalPaneionClimateChange,arisein-globaltemperaturesof1.5Cabovepre-industriallevelcould,causecoralreefsto,declineby70-90%（根據(jù)政府間的帕尼隆氣候變化組織，全球氣溫比工業(yè)化前水平上升1.5攝氏度，可能導(dǎo)致珊瑚礁下降70-90%）和最后一段Ifcoralsgo,diversandoceanbiologistsarenottheonlypeoplewhowillmissthem.Reefstakeuponlyonepercentoftheseafloor,butsupportaquarteroftheplanet'sfishdiversity.Thefishthatreefsshelterareespeciallyvaluabletotheirpooresthumanneighbours,manyofwhomdependonthemasasourceofprotein.IntheCoralTriangle,anareaofwaterstretchingacrossSouth-EastAsiaandintothePacificwhichishometothree-quartersofknowncoralspecies,morethan130millionpeoplerelyonreefsforfoodandfortheirlivelihoodsinfishingandtourism.（如果珊瑚消失了，潛水員和海洋生物學(xué)家不是唯一會(huì)想念它們的人。珊瑚礁只占海床的百分之一，但卻支撐著地球上四分之一的魚類多樣性。珊瑚礁所庇護(hù)的魚類對(duì)它們最貧窮的人類鄰居尤其有價(jià)值，其中許多人依賴它們作為蛋白質(zhì)的來源。在珊瑚三角區(qū)，一個(gè)橫跨東南亞一直延伸到太平洋的水域，是四分之三的已知珊瑚物種的家園，超過1.3億人依靠珊瑚礁獲取食物，依靠漁業(yè)和旅游業(yè)維持生計(jì)。）可知，本文主要介紹了氣溫的上升（原因）導(dǎo)致了珊瑚的減少（結(jié)果），及珊瑚的減少對(duì)人類的影響，故可推斷接下來作者很可能討論解決方案或應(yīng)對(duì)策略及措施。故選B。本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了氣溫的上升導(dǎo)致了珊瑚的減少，及珊瑚的減少對(duì)人類的影響。做這類題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對(duì)文章通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。推理判斷題也是要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。12~15.【答案】D、B、A、C【解析】（1）D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的Personalityisadevelopmentalphenomenoninsteadofsomethingthatyou'restuckwithandcan'tgetover（性格是一種發(fā)展現(xiàn)象，而不是你無法擺脫的東西。）可知，人的性格并非固定的，而是伴隨著我們的成長而調(diào)整的。故選D。B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的Fiftyyearslater,researcherstrackeddown1.952ofthesestudentsandgavethemthesamesurvey.（50年后，研究人員追蹤了1952名學(xué)生，并給他們做了同樣的調(diào)查。）可知，研究人員將受訪者的問卷調(diào)查結(jié)果與50年前的結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比，因此是采用對(duì)照的方式進(jìn)行研究。故選B。A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的Peoplebecomemoreextroverted,emotionallystable,agreeableandgentleastheygrowolder.（隨著年齡的增長，人們會(huì)變得更加外向、情緒穩(wěn)定、隨和和溫柔。）可以得出，隨著年齡增長，大部分人會(huì)變得溫和外向、情緒穩(wěn)定，與A項(xiàng)相符。故選A。C.推理判斷題。最后一段解釋了性格變化的原因。根據(jù)Instead,changingexpectationsplacedonus——asweadjusttouniversity,theworkforce,startingafamily——slowlywearusin,almostlikeapairofshoes,（相反，人們對(duì)我們的期望發(fā)生了變化 我們要適應(yīng)大學(xué)、工作、組建家庭一一慢慢地，我們就像一雙鞋一樣。）可推斷，我們?cè)谶m應(yīng)不同人生階段的需求時(shí)，我們的性格會(huì)產(chǎn)生變化。故選C。本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了從青少年到成年，我們的個(gè)性并非一成不變，而是隨著我們處在不同時(shí)期、承擔(dān)不同責(zé)任，而逐漸發(fā)生調(diào)整和變化的。普遍來說，相對(duì)于青少年期，我們會(huì)變得外向、情緒穩(wěn)定、性格溫和。做這類題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對(duì)文章通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。推理判斷題也是要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。16?20.【答案】A、D、C、F、E【解析】（1）A.推理判斷題。根據(jù)上文提出問題Haveyoueverhadtroublesleepinginanewplace?（你在一個(gè)新地方睡不好覺嗎？）A項(xiàng)"Lotsofpeopledo.（很多人都有。）”，A項(xiàng)是個(gè)省略句，意為”很多人到一個(gè)新的地方，都會(huì)睡不著”，A項(xiàng)與上文語意銜接連貫。故選A項(xiàng)。D.推理判斷題。根據(jù)上文Manypeoplereporttheyhaveahardertimesleepingthefirstnightatahotelorotherplacesoutsidetheirhome.（許多人報(bào)告說他們?cè)诰频昊蚣彝ヒ酝獾钠渌胤綍r(shí)，第一個(gè)晚上比較難入睡）提出一個(gè)普遍現(xiàn)象，即許多人說他們?cè)诰频昊蚣彝ヒ酝獾钠渌胤綍r(shí)，第一個(gè)晚上比較難入睡，D項(xiàng)"Theycallitthe*first-nighteffect,.（他們稱之為'第一夜效應(yīng)，）”，D項(xiàng)對(duì)上文的這一現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了定義，承接上文，語意銜接連貫。故選D項(xiàng)。C.歸納總結(jié)題。根據(jù)上文Theresearchersmeasuredbrainwavesfor35volunteersovertwonightsinalaboratory.（研究人員在一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室里測量了35名志愿者兩個(gè)晚上的腦電波）Theyfoundduringthefirstnightthelefthemisphere（半球）ofthebrainwasmoreactivethantherighthemisphere.（他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在第一個(gè)晚上，大腦的左半球比右半球更活躍。）此處仍在繼續(xù)說實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容，故設(shè)空處內(nèi)容也應(yīng)該與實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容有關(guān)，C項(xiàng)”Thetwonightswereaweekapart.（這兩晚上時(shí)間相隔一個(gè)星期）"符合，描述了實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容，解釋了上文"overtwonights',,故選C項(xiàng)。F.推理判斷題。根據(jù)上文Sasakisaidalotofquestionsremain.（Sasaki說其實(shí)這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)仍存在很多問題）所以推斷，后文要具體陳述這個(gè)問題的內(nèi)容。Researchersdidnotkeepmeasuringbrainwavesallnightlong.（研究人員并沒有整夜不斷地測量測試對(duì)象的腦電波）”符合，說明了產(chǎn)生問題的其中一個(gè)原因。下文"So,theydontknowiflheleflhemispherekeeps'watch'allnight.Orwhetherit'worksinshifts'withtherighthemispherelaterinthenight.(所以，他們不知道左腦是否整晚保持‘警惕,狀態(tài)，或者它是否在夜間與右腦‘輪班'工作。)",F項(xiàng)中提及的"沒有整夜進(jìn)行測量”，產(chǎn)生了下文的結(jié)果，與下文為因果關(guān)系。故選F項(xiàng)。E.段落大意題。設(shè)空處在段首。這篇文章結(jié)構(gòu)為總分總，中間兩段為研究的具體內(nèi)容，所以最后一段是對(duì)全文的總結(jié)，也是文章開頭提出問題的呼應(yīng)，文章第一段指出人們對(duì)于為什么換地方睡不著感到很疑問，結(jié)合下文Itisgoodtoknowthatourbrainis(lookingoutforus,(很高興知道我們的大腦在‘照顧我們，)可知，空處應(yīng)該是描寫人們?cè)谥罏槭裁磽Q地方睡不著后的內(nèi)心變化，即從剛開始的疑問到現(xiàn)在變成了"平靜(calming)所以E選項(xiàng)"Forsome,thisresearchmaybecalming.(對(duì)一些人來說，這項(xiàng)研究可能會(huì)使人平靜)"符合。故選E項(xiàng)。本文為一篇說明文。很多人換個(gè)地方就睡不踏實(shí)，尤其是第一晚時(shí)，羅德島布朗大學(xué)的研究人員對(duì)"第一晚現(xiàn)象"進(jìn)行了研究，查明了其中緣由，但這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)依舊也存在一些問題。①通讀全文，了解文章大意；②細(xì)讀七個(gè)選項(xiàng)，找出和文章相對(duì)應(yīng)的關(guān)鍵詞，分析選項(xiàng)間的邏輯關(guān)系；③根據(jù)文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)、具體內(nèi)容，結(jié)合關(guān)鍵詞，選出最佳選項(xiàng)；④將所選答案代入文中，再次通讀全文，重點(diǎn)查看邏輯關(guān)系和關(guān)聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)是否合理。21?35.【答案】A、B、C、D、B、A、D、C、B、A、C、A、D、B、C【解析】(1)A.考查動(dòng)詞及語境理解。A.gain獲得：B.test考驗(yàn)：C.pace踱步：D.bond結(jié)合。句意：我們花了兩天的時(shí)間來做這件事，見到人們并祝他們一切順利，我們感到非常滿意。通過給朋友送餐，看到朋友并祝他們一切順利可知，作者獲得了極大的滿足感。故選A。B.考查名詞及語境理解。A.bonus獎(jiǎng)金,紅利；B.connection聯(lián)系；C.extension延升；D.foundation創(chuàng)立。句意：昨晚，善意與時(shí)間有著奇怪的聯(lián)系。"根據(jù)下一段的實(shí)例說明，作者要說的是昨晚的普意與時(shí)機(jī)有著奇妙的聯(lián)系"。故選B。C.考查動(dòng)詞及語境理解。A.gotup起床：B.madeout弄清；C.startedout開始：D.calledup打電話；使想起，征召。句意：首先我們?nèi)ソo我們準(zhǔn)備睡覺的95歲的鄰居送零食。根據(jù)下文"todelivertreatstoour95-yearoldneighborrightbeforeshewasreadytogotosleep."可知，首先我們?nèi)ソo我們準(zhǔn)備睡覺的95歲的鄰居送零食。startedout是動(dòng)身去做某事，出發(fā)去做某事，符合句意。故選C。D.考查動(dòng)詞及語境理解。A.started開始；B.relayed轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)，轉(zhuǎn)播；C.attended出席；Ddelivered遞送。句意:接下來，我們給剛剛吃完晚飯并且想吃甜點(diǎn)的朋友送零食。根據(jù)第一段第一句"Atraditionformywifeistomakeholidaytreatsanddrivearoundtowntodelivertoabout15friends."和第三段第一句"we(3)todelivertreatstoour95-yearoldneighborrightbeforeshewasreadytogotosleep可知作者給朋友送零食。故選D。B.考查動(dòng)詞及語境理解。A.bubbling冒泡；B.starving急需,挨餓；C.chasing追趕；□.acquiring獲得。句意：接下來，我們給剛剛吃完晚飯并且想吃甜點(diǎn)的朋友送零食。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，吃完晚飯后應(yīng)該是想要吃甜點(diǎn)，starveforsth.需要.…做某事。符合句意。故選BoA.考查動(dòng)詞及語境理解。A.gifted送給；B.fetched去??；C.spotted發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.dismissed解雇，摒棄。句意：不久之后，我們拿著盤子送給了一位鄰居和她散步回家的女兒。git意為送給，與上文"delivered”語義接近。故選A。D.考查介詞短語及語境理解。A.onaverage平均起來；B.bycontrast相比之下；C.onpurpose故意地;D.byaccident偶然地。句意：再后來,巧合的是，我們?nèi)サ搅硐Σ芬粋€(gè)朋友的家時(shí)，她剛從拜訪別人那兒回來。此處表示"巧合的是"，說明"小禮物、小甜品"送的及時(shí)。故選D。C.考查動(dòng)詞短語及語境理解。A.heldup舉起，支撐；B.pickedup拾起；C.pulledup突然終止，減速停下：D.tookup拿起，占據(jù)。句意：再后來，巧合的是，我們?nèi)サ搅硗庖粋€(gè)朋友的家時(shí)，她剛從拜訪別人那兒回來并且剛巧停好車。此處表示她剛從拜訪別人那兒回來并且剛巧停好車，pullup停車。故選C。B.考查名詞及語境理解。A.mercy仁慈；B.example例子；C.capacity容量；D.function功能。句意：一位85歲的鄰居在Zoom上和朋友們談?wù)撌フQ節(jié)的意義，并說我們的驚喜就是一個(gè)完美的例子。此處表示而我的驚喜就是一個(gè)完美的例子說明圣誕節(jié)的意義。故選B。A.考查名詞及語境理解。A.phone電話；B.fence柵欄：C.meal一餐；D.scene場景。句意：當(dāng)我們打電話告訴她我們要給她留點(diǎn)小禮物時(shí)，她在電話里很冷靜。根據(jù)空后"whenwerangtoher"可知，此處表示她在電話里很冷靜。故選A。C.考查名詞及語境理解。A.disk磁盤；B.mail郵件；C.treat甜食;D.dessert甜點(diǎn)。句意：當(dāng)我們打電話告訴她我們要給她留了一份甜食，她在電話里很冷靜。treat在口語中有小零食小甜點(diǎn)的意思，比如萬圣節(jié)時(shí)常說TreatorTrick。本文主要內(nèi)容就是作者給朋友們送零食甜點(diǎn)，所以此處表示我們給她打電話讓她知道我們給她留了一份甜食"。故選CoA.考查動(dòng)詞及語境理解。Await等待；B.book預(yù)訂；C.urge敦促；D.withdraw撤退。句意：她告訴我們她在路上，問我們是否愿意等。根據(jù)"shewasonherway"可知，她告訴我們她在路上，問我們是否愿意等。故選A。D.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.violent暴力的：B.temporary暫時(shí)的;C.ridiculous荒謬的；D.continuous持續(xù)的。句意：她的丈夫一直遭受持續(xù)的醫(yī)療障礙，剛剛跌倒，臀部骨折，需要手術(shù)。再結(jié)合空前的hadbeendoing和空后的一系列動(dòng)作可知，此處continuous表示一直的，連續(xù)不斷的。故選D。B.考查名詞及語境理解。A.range范圍；B.support支持；C.grant撥款；D.labour勞動(dòng)。句意：從一頓美餐后的完美甜點(diǎn)到支持擔(dān)心丈夫的朋友，我們的甜點(diǎn)對(duì)許多人來說意義重大。這里指給上文提到的送零之旅的最后那位朋友以支持。故選B。C.考查名詞及語境理解。A.aptitude天資：B.criterion標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，準(zhǔn)則；C.difference差異；D.platform平臺(tái)。句意：小事情也可以產(chǎn)生大影響。根據(jù)上文敘述了我妻子制作甜點(diǎn)幫助他人的一件小事給與了別人溫暖與支持，所以小事情也可以產(chǎn)生大影響。makeadiference有影響。故選C。本文是一篇記敘文。文章敘述了了"我妻子"制作甜點(diǎn)幫助他人的一件件小事。分享愛和善意的“甜蜜”，成就意義非凡的大事。彰顯了學(xué)會(huì)分享，關(guān)愛他人的態(tài)度與精神。完形填空考查學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用語言的能力。做題時(shí)，要先通讀全文，掌握大意，然后結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，仔細(xì)閱讀文章，選擇最適合語境的詞，注意上下文的呼應(yīng)及語境。.【答案】【小題l】tobe【小題2】covering【小題3】dug【小題4】teeth【小題5]isthought【小題6]its【小題7]to【小題8】surely【小題9】where【小題10]the(解析】(1)tobe.考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意:據(jù)說化石遺骸大約存在于3600萬年前0sb./sth.isbelievedtodo,據(jù)信，某人/物會(huì) ，不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語，故填tobe。covering.考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：研究人員說，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，這種動(dòng)物生活在曾經(jīng)覆蓋秘魯南部奧庫卡耶沙漠的海洋中。此處使用非謂語動(dòng)詞作后置定語，ocean與cover之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)，故填covering。dug.考查省略句。句意:科學(xué)家們報(bào)告說，這具遺骸去年出土?xí)r狀況良好。此處為when引導(dǎo)的省略句，即when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句和主句主語是同一主語時(shí)，從句可以省略主語和系動(dòng)詞，所以從句省略了theskull和was,且skull與digup之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以此處用過去分詞dug,故填dug。teeth.考查可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。句意：秘魯國立圣馬科斯大學(xué)古生物學(xué)主任魯?shù)婪?薩拉斯說，它有一排又長又尖的牙齒。aseriesof后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，故填teeth。isthought.考查時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)及主謂一致。句意：basilosaurus這個(gè)名字的意思是"蜥蜴王"，人們認(rèn)為它大約有12米長。beethoughttodo被認(rèn)為 ，陳述客觀事實(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語是單數(shù)，故填isthought。its.考查形容性物主代詞。句意：但它不是爬行動(dòng)物，盡管它的長身體可能像一條大蛇一樣移動(dòng)。修飾名詞body用形容詞性物主代詞，故填its。to.考查固定短語。句意：薩拉斯稱這種動(dòng)物為“海洋怪物"，可能屬于巴西龍的一個(gè)新物種。固定短語be