2016年全國卷I英語(已校對)

2016全國卷〔課標(biāo)卷I〕第I卷第二部分閱讀理解〔共兩節(jié)，總分值40分〕第一節(jié)〔共15小題，每題2分，總分值30分〕閱讀以下短文，從每題所給的四個選項［A、B、C和D〕中，選出最正確選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AYouprobablyknowwhoMarieCuriewas,butyoumaynothaveheardofRachelCarson.Oftheoutstandingladieslistedbelow,whodoyouthinkwasthemostimportantwomanofthepast100years?JaneAddams(1860-1935)AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.Addamshelpedthepoorandworkedforpeace.Sheencouragedasenseofcommunity〔社區(qū)〕bycreatingsheltersandpromotingeducationandservicesforpeopleinneed.In1931,AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowintheNoblePeacePrize.RachelCarson(1907-1964)Ifitweren’tforRachelCarson,theenvironmentalmovementmightnoitstetxoday.Herpopular1962bookSilentSpringraisedawarenessofthedangersofpollutionandtheharmfuleffectsofchemicalsonhumansandontheworld’slakesandoceans.SandraDayO’Connor(193-0present)WhenSandraDayO’ConnorfinishedthirdinehrclassatStanfordLawSchool,in1952,shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.ShebecameanArizonastatesenator〔參議員〕and,in1981,thefirstwomantojointheU.S.SupremeCourt.OConnorgavethedecidingvoteinmanytimcapsoerstadnuringher24womantojointheU.S.SupremeCourt.Oyearsonthetopcourt.RosaParks(1913-2005)OnDecember1,1955,inMontgomery,Alabama,RosaParkswouldnotgiveupherseatonabustoawhitepassenger.HersimpleactlandedParksinprison.ButitalsosetofftheMontgomerybusboycott.Itlastedformorethanayear,andkickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement.“TheonlytiredIwas,wastiredofgivingin,Parks.WhatisJaneAddamsnotedforinhistory?Hersocialwork.Herteachingskills.Hereffortstowinaprize.Hercommunitybackground.WhatwasthereasonforO’Connor’sbeingrejectedbythelawfirm?Herlackofpropertraininginlaw.Herlittleworkexperienceincourt.Thediscriminationagainstwomen.Thepoorfinancialconditions.Whomadeagreatcontributiontothecivil-rightsmovementintheU.S.?A.JaneAddams.B.RachelCarson.C.SandraDayO’Connor.D.RosaParks.Whatcanweinferaboutthewomenmentionedinthetext?A.Theyarehighlyeducated.B.Theyaretrulycreative.C.Theyarepioneers.D.Theyarepeace-lovers.BGrandparentsAnsweraCallAsathird-generationnativeofBrownsville,Texas,MildredGarzaneverplannedtomoveaway.EvenwhenherdaughterandsonaskedhertomovetoSanAntoniotohelpwiththeirchildren,shepolitelyrefused.OnlyafterayearoffriendlydiscussiondidMs.Garzafinallysayyes.Thatwasfouryearsago.Todayallthreegenerationsregardthemoveasasuccess,givingthemacloserrelationshipthantheywouldhavehadinseparatecities.NostatisticsshowthenumberofgrandparentslikeGarzawhoaremovingclosertoadultchildrenandgrandchildren.Yetthereisevidencesuggestingthatthetrendisgrowing.EvenPresidentObama'smot-ie-law,MarianRobinson,hasagreedtoleaveChicagoandmoveintotheWhiteHousetohelpcareforhergranddaughters.Accordingtoastudybygrandparents,83percentofthepeoplesaidMrs.Robinson'sdecisionwillinfluencgrandparentsintheAmericanfamily.Two-thirdsbelievemorefamilieswillfollowtheexampleofObamdsfamily.“Inthe1960swewereallalittlewildandcouldn'tgetawayfromhomefarenoughorfastenoughtopwecoulddoitonourown,"saysChristineCrosby,publisherofGrand,amagazineforgrandparents.realizehowimportantfamilyisandhowimportantitistobenearthem,especiallywhenyou'reMovingisnotforeveryone.Almosteverygrandparentwantstobewithhisorhergrandchildrenandiswillingtomakesacrifices,butsometimesitiswisertosaynoandvisitfrequentlyinstead.Havingyourgrandchildrenfarawayishard,especiallyknowingyouadultchildisstruggling,butgivingupthelifeyouknowmaybeharder.WhywasGarza'smoveasuccess?Itstrengthenedherfamilyties.Itimprovedherlivingconditions.Itenabledhertomakemorefriends.Ithelpedherknowmorenewplaces.WhatwasthereactionofthepublictoMrs.Robinsondecision?'s17%expressedtheirsupportforit.Fewpeoplerespondedsympathetically.83%believedithadabadinfluence.Themajoritythoughtitwasatrend.WhatdidCrosbysayaboutpeopleinthe1960s?Theywereunsureofthemselves.Theywereeagertoraisemorechildren.Theywantedtoliveawayfromtheirparents.Theyhadlittlerespectfortheirgrandparents.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestthegrandparentsdointhelastparagraph?Makedecisionsinthebestinterestsoftheirown.Asktheirchildrentopaymorevisitstothem.Sacrificefortheirstrugglingchildren.Gettoknowthemselvesbetter.CIamPeterHodes,avolunteerstemcalledcourier.SinceMarch2012,I'vedone89dfips)se,51havebeenabroad.Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells〔干名田胞〕inmylittleboxbecauseI'vegottwoicepacksandthathowlongtheylast.Inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor〔捐獻(xiàn)者〕tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we’vegot72hoursatmost.SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.IhadonetriplastyearwhereIwascaughtbyahurricaneinAmerica.IpickedupthestemcellsinProvidence,RhodeIsland,andwasmeanttoflytoWashingtonthenbacktoLondon.ButwhenIarrivedatthecheck-indeskatProvidence,theladyonthedesksaid:”Well,I’mreallysorry,I’vegotsomebatherearenoflightsfromWashington.”SoItookmyboxandputitonthedeskandIsaid:”Intstemcellsthatareurgentlyneededforapatient-please,please,you'vgottogetmebacktotheUnitedKingdom."Shejustdroppedeverything.Shearrangedforaflightonasmallplanetobeheldforme,re-routed〔改道〕methroughNewarkandgotmebacktotheUKevenearlierthanoriginallyscheduled.Forthiscourierjob,you’reconsciouslyawarethatinthatboxyou’vegotsomethingthatispotetosavesomebody’slife.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier”inParagraph1?A.ProviderB.deliverymanC.collectorD.medicaldoctorWhydoesPeterhavetocompletehistripwithin42hours?Hecannotstayawayfromhisjobtoolong.Thedonorcanonlywaitforthatlong.Theoperationneedsthatmuchtime.Theicewon’tlastanylonger.WhichflightdidthewomanputPeteronfirst?A.ToLondon.B.ToNewark.C.ToProvidence.D.ToWashington.DThemeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups.Silencesmaybethoughtful,ortheymaybeemptywhenapersonhasnothingtosay.Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness,uneasiness,orworry.Silencemaybeviewedbysomeculturalgroupsasextremelyuncomfortable;thereforeattemptsmaybemadetofilleverygap〔間隙〕withconversation.Personsinotherculturalgroupsvaluesilenceandviewitasnecessaryforunderstandingaperson’sneeds.ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofcommunicatingamongpeople,justassometraditionalChineseandThaipersonsdo.Therefore,whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenlystops,whatmaybeimplied〔暗示〕isthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing.Inthesecultures,silenceisacallforreflection.Otherculturesmayusesilenceinotherways,particularlywhendealingwithconflictsamongpeopleorinrelationshipsofpeoplewithdifferentamountsofpower.Forexample,Russian,French,andSpanishpersonsmayusesilencetoshowagreementbetweenpartiesaboutthetopicunderdiscussion.However,Mexicansmayusesilencewheninstructionsaregivenbyapersoninauthorityratherthanberudetothatpersonbyarguingwithhimorher.Instillanotheruse,personsinAsianculturesmayviewsilenceasasignofrespect,particularlytoanelderorapersoninauthority.Nursesandothercare-giversneedtobeawareofthepossiblemeaningsofsilencewhentheycomeacrossthepersonalanxietytheirpatientsmaybeexperiencing.Nursesshouldrecognizetheirownpersonalandculturalconstructionofsilencesothatapatient’ssilenceisnotinterruptedtooearlyorallowedtogoonunnecessarily.nursewhounderstandthehealing〔治愈〕valueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsilenceinconversations?A.Itimpliesanger.B.Itpromotesfriendship.C.Itisculture-specific.D.Itiscontent-based.Whichofthefollowingpeoplemightregardsilenceasacallforcarefulthought?

A.TheChinese.C.TheMexicans.A.TheChinese.C.TheMexicans.B.TheFrench.D.TheRussians.Whatdoestheauthoradvisenursestodoaboutsilence?A.Letitcontinueasthepatientpleases.B.Breakitwhiletreatingpatients.C.Evaluateitsharmtopatients.D.Makeuseofitshealingeffects.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.SoundandSilenceB.WhatItMeanstoBeSilentC.SilencetoNativeAmericansD.SpeechIsSilver;SilenceIsGold.第二節(jié)〔共5小題：每題2分，總分值10分〕根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最正確選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Secretcodes〔密碼〕keepmessagesprivate.Banks,companies,andgovernmentagenciesusesecretcodesindoingbusiness,especiallywheninformationissentbycomputer.Peoplehaveusedsecretcodesforthousandsofyears.36Codebreakingneverlags〔落后〕farbehindcodemaking.Thescienceofcreatingandreadingcodedmessagesiscalledcryptography.Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography.37Forexample,thefirstlettersof“Myelephareatstoomanyeels"spelloutthehiddenmessage“Meetme.”38Youmightrepresenteachletterwithanumber,forexample.Let'snumberthelettersalphabet,inorder,from1to26.Ifwesubstituteanumberforeachletter,themessage”Meet5520135.”Acodeusessymbolstoreplacewords,phrases,orsentences.Toreadthemessageofarealcode,youmusthaveacodebook.39Forexample,“bridge"mightstandfor"meet"and"out"mightstandThemessage“Bridgeout"wouldactuallymean“Mee40ne."However,itisalsohardtokeepacodebooksecretforlong.Socodesmustbechangedfrequently.Itisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutthecodebook.Inanylanguage,somelettersareusedmorethanothers.Onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.Aslongastherehavebeencodes,peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.Withacodebook,youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwords.Anotherwaytohidamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet.第三部分英語知識運用〔共兩節(jié)，總分值45分〕第一節(jié)完形填空〔共20小題；每題分，總分值30分〕閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項［A、B、C和D〕中，選出可以填入空白處的最正確選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AHeroicDriverLarryworkswithTransportDrivers,Inc.Onemorningin2009,Larrywas41alongI65northafterdeliveringtooneofhis42.Suddenly,hesawacarwithitsbrightlightson.43hegotcloser,hefound44vehicleupsidedownontheroad.Onemorelookandhenoticed45shootingoutfromunderthe46vehicle.Larrypulledover,setthebrakeand47thefireextinguisher〔滅火器〕.Twogoodburstsfromtheextinguisherandthefirewasputout.Themanwhohadhisbrightlightson48andtoldLarryhehad49anemergencycall.They50heardawoman'svoicecomingfromthewrecked〔毀壞的〕vehicle.51thevehicle,theysawthatawomanwastryingtogetoutofthebrokenwindow.Theytoldhertostay52untiltheemergencypersonnelarrived,53shethoughtthecarwasgoingto54.Larrytoldherthathehadalreadyputoutthefireandsheshouldnotmove55sheinjuredherneck.Oncefireandemergencypeoplearrived,Larryandtheotherman56andletthemgotowork.Then,Larryaskedthe57ifhewasneededor58togo.Theylethimandtheothermango.Onethingis59-Larrywentaboveandbeyondthecallordutybygettingsoclosetotheburningvehicle!His60mostlikelysavedthewoman'slife.41.A.walkingB.touringC.travelingD.rushing42.A.passengersB.colleaguesC.employersD.customers43.A.SinceB.AlthoughC.AsD.If44.A.eachB.anotherC.thatD.his45.A.flamesB.smokeC.waterD.steam46.A.usedB.disabledC.removedD.abandoned47.A.gotholdofB.preparedC.tookchargeofD.controlled48.A.camedownB.camethroughC.cameinD.cameover49.A.returnedB.receivedC.madeD.confirmed50.A.thenB.againC.finallyD.even51.A.StartingB.ParkingC.PassingD.Approaching52.A.quietB.stillC.awayD.calm53.A.forB.soC.andD.but54.A.explodeB.slipawayC.fallapartD.crash55.A.asifB.unlessC.incaseD.after56.A.steppedforwardB.backedoffC.movedonD.setout57.A.womanB.policeC.manD.driver58.A.forbiddenB.readyC.askedD.free59.A.forcertainB.forconsiderationC.reportedD.checked60.A.patienceB.skillsC.effortsD.promise第II卷注意：將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。第三部分英語知識運用〔共兩節(jié)，總分值45分〕第二節(jié)〔共10小題；每題分，總分值15分〕閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容〔1個單詞〕或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asia'sbiggestbuilding,andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop61(attract).Soitwasagreathonourtobeinvitedbackstageatthenot-for=profitPandaBase,whereticketmoneyhelpspayforresearch.I62(allow)togetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600-acrecentre.Fromtomorrow,IwillbetheirUKambassador.Thetitlewillbe63(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.Butmyconnectionwithpandasgoesback64mydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,65IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter66(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude67(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120-pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchcentreinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.Onmyrecentvisit,Iheldalivelythree-month-oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedby68(it)mother.Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew69(day)withhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle-fed,70otheriswithmum-sheneversuspects.第四部分寫作〔共兩節(jié)，總分值35分〕第一節(jié)短文改錯〔共10小題；每題1分，總分值10分〕假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請彳修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中