外研社版高一英語Module-3-The-Violence-of-Nature知識精講

外研社高一英語Module3TheViolenceofNature精品學案【本講教育信息】一.教學內容：Module3TheViolenceofNature二.重難點講解：1.disaster名詞n.災難；禍害verybadhappeningFires,floodsandearthquakesaredisasters.火災、水災和地震都是災難。翻譯：Weovercamethenaturaldisasterandgotinabumperharvest.anationaldisasteratrafficdisasteradisastertosb.某人的災難2.flood〔1〕名詞n.洪水alargeflowofwaterManyhousesweredestroyedbytheflood.許多房屋被洪水沖毀了。翻譯：那場大雨后鬧了洪水，我們的家都淹了。〔2〕名詞n.大批，大量alotofsomethingIhadafloodoflettersonmybirthday.我生日那天收到一大堆信?！?〕動詞v.淹沒，泛濫tofillorcoverwithwaterTheriverhasfloodedanumberofvillages.洪水淹沒了一些村莊。翻譯：春雨期間河水泛濫。〔4〕動詞v.充滿fill,cover,orovercome,asifwithafloodLettersofcongratulationfloodedin.大批祝賀信像潮水般地涌來。Theroomwasfloodedwithmoonlight.這房間充滿了月光。翻譯：熱淚盈眶3.experience〔1〕不可數名詞n.[U]經驗knowingaboutthingsbecauseyouhavedoneorseenthemHehasmuchexperienceasanengineer.作為工程師來說，他是富有經驗的。Heisshortofexperience.他缺乏經驗。翻譯：他們從經驗中學習?！?〕可數名詞n.[C]經歷，體驗somethingthathappenstoyouIhadsomeinterestingexperiencesinthecountryside.我在農村有過一些很有意思的經歷。翻譯：教學經驗〔3〕動詞v.經驗；經歷；感受haveexperienceof;meetwith;feelWehaveexperiencedwhathardshipsmean.我們體驗過艱苦生活。翻譯：他經歷了許多困難。4.cause〔1〕名詞n.原因；起因thingorpersonthatmakessomethinghappenThedogwasthecauseoftheaccident.這只狗是造成交通事故的原因。翻譯：事故的起因confusecauseandeffect混淆因果關系〔2〕名詞n.事業(yè)；〔奮斗的〕目標somethingthatpeoplecareaboutandwanttohelpWeshouldstruggleforthecauseofcommunismallourlives.我們要為共產主義事業(yè)奮斗終身?！?〕動詞v.使產生；使發(fā)生；引起makesomethinghappenThebookcausedgreatinterestandargument.這本書引起了人們的極大興趣和爭論。翻譯：什么引起他改變主張的？causesb.anxiety使某人擔憂causesb.trouble給某人添麻煩5.occur〔1〕不及物動詞vi.發(fā)生；舉行happen,takeplaceAtthebeginningofJuneaneventoccurred.六月初發(fā)生了一件事。Whathasoccurred?發(fā)生了什么事？Whendidtheaccidentoccur?那事故是什么時候發(fā)生的？〔2〕不及物動詞vi.存在existManymistakesoccurinyourcomposition.你的作文出現了許多錯誤。6.strike〔1〕名詞n.罷工timewhenworkerswillnotworkbecausetheywantmoremoneyorareangryaboutsomethingThetruckdrivers'unionhascalledastrike.卡車司機工會已經發(fā)起了一場罷工?！?〕名詞n.打；擊；敲ablow;ahitThreestrikesofthehammerdrovethenailinthewood.三錘子把釘子敲進了木頭?！?〕及物動詞vt.打；擊；撞擊hitsomeoneorsomethingHestruckmewithastick.他用一根棍子打我。Hestrucktheball.他〔用力〕擊球。Theshipstruckarock.船觸礁了。I’vestruckmyfootonastone.我把腳踢在石頭上了。Hestruckthetableangrily.他氣得拍〔或錘〕桌子。Thestonestruckhimintheeye.石頭打中他的眼睛。Thetreehadbeenstruckbylightning.那棵樹被雷擊了。〔4〕及物動詞vt.〔鐘〕敲響報時soundabelltotellthehourAtmiddaytheclockstrikestwelve.正午時，鐘敲十二點?！?〕及物動詞vt.擦〔火柴等〕；打〔火〕producebystrikingThesematchesaretoowettostrike.火柴太濕，劃不著?！?〕及物動詞vt.引起；激起〔某種感情〕inspirewithHisstrangeappearancestruckterrorintotheirhearts.他那奇怪的外貌使他們感到害怕?！?〕及物動詞vt.使…感到；使…突然想；給…以印象Anideasuddenlystruckme.我突然想到一個主意。Howdoeshisplanstrikeyou?你感到他的方案怎么樣？〔你對他的方案反響如何〕？Itstrikesmethatthemanwasnottellingthetruth.我感到那個人沒說真話。翻譯：她的美貌給我留下了深刻的印象?！?〕不及物動詞vi.打；擊；撞擊；攻擊；沖擊hitHisheadstruckagainstastone.他的頭撞在石頭上。Hestruckthegroundheavily.他重重地摔在地上。〔9〕不及物動詞vi.罷工；鬧罷工stopworkingbecausepeoplewantmoremoneyorareangryaboutsomethingTheworkersatthefactoryarestrikingformorepay.工廠工人為提高工資正在罷工。7.damage〔1〕及物動詞vt.損害，毀壞toharmorbreaksomethingThefirehasbadlydamagedthehouse.大火嚴重地燒壞了這座房子。翻譯：我的妻子遇到意外事故，把自行車弄壞了。翻譯：莊稼受到風暴的嚴重損害?！?〕不可數名詞n.[U]損害，損失harm,lossHowmuchmustIpayforthedamage?我該賠多少損失費？Mostofthedamagewascausedbyyoursister.大局部損壞是你妹妹造成的。Thestormdidgreatdamagetothecrops.暴風雨對農作物造成極大的損害?！?〕可數名詞n.[C]法律損害賠償lawmoneymustbepaidforcausingdamageThecourtorderedhimtopay＄1500damagestothepersonhehadhurt.法庭讓他付給被他傷害的那個人1500美元賠償費。causedamagetoproperty造成財產損失dodamagetosth.損害某物三.重難點詞匯辨析because／since／as／for

這四個詞都是表示原因或理由的連接詞，但是as，because，since是附屬連詞，引導原因狀語從句，for是并列連詞，所引導的不是原因狀語從句，而是表示理由的對等句子，是對前面所講內容補充和說明。在語氣上由強至弱依次為because→since→as→for。because引導的從句多置于句末，表示直接的原因或理由，表示產生那種結果的必然的因果關系，在答復why的提問時，必須用because作答。如：Westayedathomebecauseitrained.因為下雨我們呆在家里。as與since引導的從句多置于句首，不過as表示十清楚顯的原因，只說明一般的因果關系，可譯為“因為、由于〞；而since那么表示稍加分析、對方的原因，一般可譯為“既然〞。如：Ashewasnotfeelingwell，Idecidedtogotherealone.由于他身體欠佳，我決定單獨去那里。Sinceeveryoneishere，let'sstart.既然大家都到了，咱們就開始吧。for引導的從句一般放在句末，其前用逗號，它所表達的理由是間接的，即推測性理由，或是對前面表達的事實或看法的補充說明。如：Theremustbenobodyintheclassroom，forthelightisoff.教室里一定沒有人，因為燈滅了。〔推測性理由〕believe；believeinbelieve作及物動詞時，其后可跟名詞，表示“相信〞；后接從句或復合賓語時，表示“認為；料想；相信〞等。如：Ibelievewhathesays.我相信他的話。Ibelievethathewillsucceed.我相信他會成功的。believein是一個動介型短語動詞，表示“信奉；信仰〞〔指對某種思想、主張、觀念、行動具有信心〕和“信任〔havetrustin〕〞。如：TheybelieveinGod.他們信仰上帝。Ibelieveinhavingplentyofexercise.我相信多鍛煉有好處。believe和believein后均可接表示人的名詞或代詞，但含義不同。試比擬：Ibelieveinhim〔Ithinkheisatrustworthyman〕.我信任他。Ibelievehim.〔Ibelievewhathesays〕.我相信他的話。【典型例題】Mr.GreywasthemanagerofasmallofficeinLondon.Helivedinthecountry,andcameuptoworkbytrain.Helikedwalkingfromthestationtohisofficeunlessitwasraining,becauseitgavehimsomeexercise.Onemorninghewaswalkingalongthestreetwhenastrangerstoppedhimandsaidtohim,“Youmaynotrememberme,sir,butsevenyearsagoIcametoLondonwithoutapennyinmypockets,Istoppedyouinthisstreetandaskedyoutolendmesomemoney,andyoulentme￡5,becauseyousaidyouwerewillingtotakeachancesoastogiveamanastartonthewaytosuccess.〞MrGreythoughtforafewminutesandthensaid,“Yes,Irememberyou.Goonwithyourstory!〞“Well,〞answeredthestranger,“areyoustillwillingtotakeachance?〞1.HowdidMr.Greygettohisoffice?A.Hewentuptoworkbytrain.B.Hewalkedtohisoffice.C.Hewenttohisofficeonfootunlessitrained.D.Heusuallytookatraintothestationandthenwalkedtohisofficeiftheweatherwasfine.答案：D2.MrGreylikedwalkingtohisofficebecause________.A.hecouldn’taffordthebusesB.hewantedtosavemoneyC.hewantedtokeepingoodhealthD.hecoulddosomeexercisesontheway答案：C3.Mr.Greyhadbeenwillingtolendmoneytoastrangerinorderto_______A.givehimastartinlifeB.helphimonthewaytosuccessC.makehimrichD.gainmoremoney答案：B4.OnemorningthestrangerrecognizedMr.Grey,and_______A.wantedtoreturnMr.GreythemoneyB.againaskedMr.GreyformoneyC.wouldliketomakefriendswithhimD.toldMr.Greythathehadbeensuccessfulsincethen答案：B5.Inthesecondparagraph,“…takeachance〞means______.A.Mr.GrayhappenedtomeetastrangerB.Mr.GreyhadachancetohelpastrangerC.Mr.GreyhelpedastrangerbychanceD.Mr.Greytooktheriskthatthestrangerwouldnotgivebackthemoneywhichhelenthim答案：D【模擬試題】〔答題時間：30分鐘〕Evenifyouareagoodhigh-jumper,youcanjumponlyaboutsevenfeetofftheground.Youcannotjumpanyhigherbecausetheearthpullsyouhard.Thepulloftheearthiscalledgravity.Youcaneasilyfindoutthepulloftheearth.Ifyouweighyourself,youwillknowhowmuchgravityispullingyou.Sincethereisgravity,waterrunsdownhill.Whenyouthrowaballintotheair,itfallsbackdown.Becauseofgravity,youdonotfallofftheearthasitwhirls〔旋轉〕around.Then,canwegetawayfromtheearthandgofaroutintospace?Nowyoucandoit,becausespaceshipshavebeeninvented.Thenspaceshipwillgosofastthatitcanescape〔逃出〕theearth’sgravityandcarryyouintospace.1.Inthispassage,theword“gravity〞means.A.thepullofeverything.B.theforceofattraction〔吸引〕amongobjects.C.theforcewhichattractsobjectstowardsthecen