Unit1 People of Achievement Learning About Language 知識(shí)點(diǎn) 人教版（2019）選擇性必修第一冊(cè)

PAGEUnit1PeopleofAchievementLearningAboutLanguage非限制性定語(yǔ)從句觀察上面的句子,并類(lèi)比填空。1.Thisisthepenwhichheboughtyesterday.2.LastweekwetravelledtoBeijing,wheretherearemanyplacesofinterest.一、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是指在復(fù)合句中對(duì)某些名詞、代詞或主句等被修飾部分作進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明的定語(yǔ)從句。在一般情況下,非限制性定語(yǔ)從句都由一個(gè)逗號(hào)把它和句子的其他部分分開(kāi),在譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)多譯成一個(gè)并列句。*Thefarmer,whoisverypessimistic,saysthattherewillbenofruitsthisyear.這個(gè)農(nóng)民非常悲觀,他說(shuō)今年將沒(méi)有收成。*HaveyouseenthefilmTitanic,whoseleadingactorisworld-famous?你看過(guò)《泰坦尼克號(hào)》這部電影嗎?它的男主演可是世界聞名的。*Inthepresenceofsomanypeoplehewasalittletense,whichwasunderstandable.在那么多人面前他有點(diǎn)緊張,這是可以理解的。*Thereare30chairsinthesmallhall,mostofwhicharenew.小廳里有三十把椅子,絕大部分是新的。(1)that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。(2)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),常用forwhich代替why。(3)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),也不可省略。1.who,whom,whose引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。(1)關(guān)系代詞who,whom引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾人。(2)關(guān)系代詞who在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ);whom作賓語(yǔ);介詞后用whom,不用who。(3)whose作定語(yǔ),先行詞是人時(shí),whose+n.相當(dāng)于the+n.+ofwhom。先行詞是物時(shí),whose+n.相當(dāng)于the+n.+ofwhich。*Ourguide,whowasaFrenchCanadian,wasanexcellentcook.我們的向?qū)?一個(gè)法裔加拿大人,擅長(zhǎng)烹調(diào)。*MrSmith,fromwhomIhavelearnedalot,isafamousscientist.史密斯先生是一位著名的科學(xué)家,我從他那里學(xué)了很多東西。*Thebooksonthedesk,whosecoversareshiny,areprizesforus.桌子上的書(shū)是我們的獎(jiǎng)品,書(shū)的封皮很亮?！局R(shí)延伸】非限制性定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞用法說(shuō)明who,whom,whose,which指人時(shí)可用who(主語(yǔ)),whom(賓語(yǔ)),whose(定語(yǔ));指物時(shí)可用which(主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)),whose(定語(yǔ))when,where,when指時(shí)間;where指地點(diǎn),它們都在句中作狀語(yǔ)asas引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),常指代整個(gè)主句,有“正如”之意(代詞+)介詞+which/whom有時(shí),根據(jù)句意,關(guān)系代詞which或whom前可以有代詞和介詞,如mostofwhich,noneofwhom等用who,whom和whose填空。(1)(2020·天津高考)Dr.Rowan,whosesecretaryresignedtwoweeksago,hashadtodoallhisowntyping.

(2)PleasegivethebooktoJessica,whomwemetinthehalljustnow.(3)Thefamousbasketballstar,whotriedtomakeacomeback,attractedalotofattention.2.which,as的用法。(1)兩者在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。*Water,whichisaclearliquid,hasmanyuses.水是一種清澈的液體,有許多用途。*Ourcountryhassentupanotherman-madeearthsatellite,asisreportedinthepapers.報(bào)紙上報(bào)道,我國(guó)又發(fā)射了一顆人造地球衛(wèi)星。(2)as,which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。項(xiàng)目aswhich指代引導(dǎo)的從句只能指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容引導(dǎo)的從句既可指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容,又可指代主句的一部分位置可位于主句之前、之中或之后引導(dǎo)的從句不能位于主句之前意義正如這,那*IborrowedthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweek,whichmyclassmatesrecommendedtome.我上周從圖書(shū)館借了《夏洛克·福爾摩斯》,這本書(shū)是我的同學(xué)推薦給我的。*Thenumberofsmokers,asisreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.正如所報(bào)道的那樣,僅僅一年的時(shí)間,吸煙者的數(shù)量下降了17%。用which和as填空。(1)(2018·江蘇高考)Byboatistheonlywaytogethere,whichishowwearrived.(2)(2020·天津高考)Asisknowntous,nothingcanbeachievedwithoutdedicationandfrustration.3.when,where的用法。(1)關(guān)系副詞when在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),指代主句中表示時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)。(2)關(guān)系副詞where在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),指代主句中表示地點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)。(3)when/where有時(shí)可以換成“介詞+which”。*We’llputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,whentheweathermaybebetter.我們打算把在公園里的這次野餐推遲到下周,那時(shí)天氣可能會(huì)更好。*OppositeisSt.Paul’sChurch,whereyoucanhearsomelovelymusic.對(duì)面是圣保羅教堂,在那里你能聽(tīng)到好聽(tīng)的音樂(lè)。*IleftonSunday,when/onwhicheveryonewasathome.我星期日離開(kāi)的,當(dāng)時(shí)人人都在家。用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系副詞填空。(1)By16:30,whenwasalmostclosingtime,nearlyallthepaintingshadbeensold.(2)Theyreachedthereyesterday,whereanimportantmeetingwillbeheld.

4.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”中,關(guān)系代詞用whom指人,用which指物。*Heworkedinacarfactoryforfouryears,afterwhichhefoundedhisowncompanyinhishometown.他在一家汽車(chē)廠工作了四年,之后在他的家鄉(xiāng)建立了自己的公司。*Weareshortoftwopeople,withoutwhomwewillneedthreemoredaystofinishthework.我們?nèi)鄙賰蓚€(gè)人,沒(méi)有他們,我們還需要三天的時(shí)間來(lái)完成這項(xiàng)工作。(1)語(yǔ)法填空。①TheythankedTom,withoutwhosesupporttheywouldnothavesucceeded.②Hemayhaveacuteappendicitis,inwhichcasehewillhavetobeoperatedon.③Thesenewneighbors,towhomIwasintroducedyesterday,havecomeherefromBeijing.(2)Ihadtoldthemthereason,forwhichIdidn’tattendthemeeting.

我把理由告訴了他們,為此我沒(méi)去開(kāi)會(huì)。二、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句可以分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。一般說(shuō)來(lái),限制性定語(yǔ)從句是整個(gè)句子不可缺少的部分,如果省略會(huì)影響全句的主要意思,這種定語(yǔ)從句前面一般不用逗號(hào);而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)主句的一種補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明,即使去掉,也不影響全句的意思,這種定語(yǔ)從句前通常有逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)。*Herbrotherwhoisnowasoldieralwaysencourageshertogotocollege.她那當(dāng)兵的哥哥總是鼓勵(lì)她上大學(xué)。(她還有其他哥哥)*Herbrother,whoisnowasoldier,alwaysencourageshertogotocollege.她的哥哥是當(dāng)兵的,他總是鼓勵(lì)她上大學(xué)。(她只有一個(gè)哥哥)*Allthebooksthathavepicturesinthemarewellwritten.所有里面帶插圖的書(shū)都寫(xiě)得很好。(不帶插圖的書(shū)寫(xiě)得不一定好)*Allthebooks,whichhavepicturesinthem,arewellwritten.所有的書(shū)都帶插圖,這些書(shū)都寫(xiě)得很好。(沒(méi)有不帶插圖的書(shū))【巧學(xué)助記】限制性定語(yǔ)從句vs非限制性定語(yǔ)從句名稱(chēng)限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句作用起限定作用,限制或約束先行詞,不可去掉,否則主句意義不完整對(duì)整個(gè)句子的意義并不重要,即使去掉,原句仍有意義結(jié)構(gòu)不用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)功能先行詞不可缺少的定語(yǔ)對(duì)先行詞起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用引導(dǎo)詞a.作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略,介詞之后的關(guān)系詞不能省b.可用thata.作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不可省略b.不可用that句型轉(zhuǎn)換。(1)ItisknowntousthatTaiwanisapartofChina.→Asisknowntous,TaiwanisapartofChina.

(2)Thisistheroomwhichmygrandmotherusedtolivein.→Thisistheroominwhich/wheremygrandmotherusedtolive.

(3)HersisterteachesusEnglish,andshewillgoabroadnextyear.→Hersister,whoteachesusEnglish,willgoabroadnextyear.

(4)Wesawafilmlastnight.Itwasveryinteresting.→Thefilmthat/whichwesawlastnightwasveryinteresting.

(5)Hefailedintheexam.Itmadehisparentsveryangry.→Hefailedintheexam,whichmadehisparentsveryangry.

(6)Ihavelostthepen.Myfatherboughtitformysixteenthbirthday.→Ihavelostthepenthat/whichmyfatherboughtformysixteenthbirthday.

(7)Thebookisworthreading.Hepaid6yuanforit.→Thebookforwhichhepaid6yuanisworthreading.

(8)Sheisateacherofmuchknowledge.Muchcanbelearnedfromher.→Sheisateacherofmu