英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞25種句型

英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞25種句型英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞25種句型英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞25種句型資料僅供參考文件編號(hào)：2022年4月英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞25種句型版本號(hào)：A修改號(hào)：1頁(yè)次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：VerbpatternsForanyonewhoislearningtospeakorwritecorrectEnglish,themostimportantwordinasentenceistheverb.ForthisreasonthecompilersoftheDictionaryhavepaidparticularattentiontoverbpatterns.Theseshowthelearnerhowtouseverbstoformcorrectsentences.ApersonlearningEnglishasaforeignlanguagemaybetemptedtoformsentencesbyanalogy.Forexample,hehearsorseessuchsentencesasPleasetellmethemeaningandPleaseshowmetheway(anindirectobjectfollowedbyadirectobject).Byanalogyheformstheincorrectsentence*Pleaseexplainmethemeaning(insteadofPleaseexplainthemeaningtome).HehearsorseessuchsentencesasIintendtocome,Iproposetocome,andIwanttocome,andbyanalogyheformstheincorrectsentencesas*Isuggesttocome(insteadofIsuggestthatIshouldcome).HehearsorseessuchsentencesasIaskedhimtocome,Itoldhimtocome,andIwantedhimtocome,andbyanalogyheformssuchincorrectsentencesas*Iproposedhimtocomeand*Isuggestedhimtocome(insteadofIproposed/suggestedthatheshouldcome).HenotesthatHebegantotalkaboutthemattermeansthesameasHebegantalkingaboutthematterandsupposes,wrongly,thatHestoppedtotalkaboutthemattermeansthesameasHestoppedtalkingaboutthematter.Tohelpthelearnertoavoidsuchmistakes,thecompilersoftheDictionaryhaveprovidedasetoftablesinwhichvariousVerbPatternsaresetoutwithexamples.Eachpatternhasanumberedcode(forexample,[VP5],[VP6A],[VP21]),andthisprovidesalinkbetweenthetablesandtheverbentriesintheDictionary,becauseeveryverbentryhasitsowncode(orseveralcodesifthereareseveralmeanings).Afewexampleswillshowhowthelearnercanreferfromthe[VP]codesinentriestothe[VP]tablesintheIntroduction.OneofthepatternsgivenintheDictionaryforcongratulateis[VP14],andthisverbisalsousedinoneoftheexamplesinthe[VP]tablefor[VP14]:Wecongratulatedhimonhissuccess.Thepatternprovidedforthesecondmeaningofconsideris[VP6A].Ifthelearnerturnstothattablehewillfindseveralexamplesbasedonthatpattern,forexampleWeallenjoyedthefilm.Thiswillhelphimtoformacorrectsentencewithconsiderin[VP6A],forexampleHeconsideredtheproblem.Sometimesextrainformationisgiveninanentrytohelpthelearnertolearntherightpattern.Forexample,intheentryforabsolve,hewillfindtheverb+preposition~(from),placedafterthecodes[VP6A,14].Thisshowsthattheverbcanbeusedasinabsolveamanfromavow.Intheentryforaccedetherearethecodes[VP2A,3A],followedby~(to),showingthattheverbmaybeusedasinaccedetoaproposal.Itisimportanttonotethatthelearnerisnotexpectedtomemorizetheseverbpatterns.Theyareasimplereferencesystem,apracticaltooltoguidethelearnerwhowantstoformcorrectsentences.Theyareawayofhelpingthelearnerwhowillbenefitfromalistofthegrammaticalrulesthatunderliethedifferentsortsofexamplesentencesthataregivenintheentriesforverbs.AfulltreatmentoftheseverbpatternsisfoundinGuidetoPatternsandUsageinEnglish,byA.S.Hornby(OxfordUniversityPress).Note:Theuseoftheasterisk*indicatesthatthephraseorsentenceisanexampleofincorrectusage.[VP1]Thispatternisfortheverbbe.Thesubjectcomplementmaybeanoun,apronoun,anadjective,anadjectivephrase(eg.aprepositionalgroup).Theremaybeanadverbialadjunctoraninfinitivephrase.Subject+BEsubjectcomplement/adjunct1.Thisis2.Thissuitcaseis3.Thechildrenare4.Thisbookis5.Thisisabook.mine.asleep.foryou.whereIwork.Therearevariationswithintroductorythere/it.There/It+BEsubject1.Therewas2.Itwasimpossible3.Itwasapityalargecrowd.togofurther.theweatherwassobad.[VP2]A組:Thispatternisforverbswhichmaybeusedwithoutacomplement.Suchverbsarecalledcompleteintransitiveverbs.Adjunctsarepossiblebutnotessential.Subjectvi.1.Weall2.Themoon3.Aperiodofpoliticalunrestbreathe,drinkandeat.rose.followed.Therearevariationswithintroductorythere/it.1.Therefollowed2.Itdoesn’tmatteralongperiodofpoliticalunrest.whetherwestartnoworlater.That-clausesarepossibleafterseem,appear,happen,chanceandfollow.1.Itseemed2.Itsochanced/happened3.Itdoesn’tfollow(that)thedaywouldneverend.(that)wewereoutwhenshecalled.(that)theyarehusbandandwife.B組:Verbsinthispatternareusedwithanadverbialadjunctofdistance,duration,weight,cost,etc.Formayoccurbeforeadverbialsofdistanceandduration.Anindirectobjectmayoccuraftercost,lastandtake(meaning‘require’).Subject+vi.(for)+adverbialadjunct1.Wewalked2.Themeetinglasted3.Thebookcost(me)4.Thisboxweighs(for)fivemiles.(for)twohours.￡1.20.fivekilos.C組:Manyintransitiveverbsareusedwithanadverbialadjunct(includinganadverbialparticlealone,oranadverbialparticlefollowedbyapreposition).Subject+vi.adverbialadjunct1.Go2.Pleasecome3.I’llsooncatch4.It’sgetting5.Itlooksaway!in.upwithyou.onformidnight.likerain/asifitweregoingtorain.D組:Verbsinthispatternarefollowedbyanadjective,anounor,inthecaseofareflexiveverb,apronoun.Inchoativeverbs(eg.become,come,get)andverbsofthesenses(eg.smell,taste,feel)areamongthemanyverbsusedinthispattern.Subject+vi.adjective/noun/pronoun1.Herdreamshavecome2.Thefirehasburnt3.Shemarried4.Hedied5.Laterhebecame6.You’renotlookingtrue.low.young.amillionaire.anacrobat.yourself.E組:Inthispatternthepredicativeadjunctisapresentparticiple.Subject+vi.presentparticiple1.Shelay2.Doyouliketogo3.Thechildrencamesmilingatme.dancing?runningtomeetus.[VP3]A組:Verbsinthispatternarefollowedbyaprepositionanditsobject(whichmaybeanoun,pronoun,gerund,phrase,orclause).Theverbandprepositionfunctionasaunit.Subject+vi.preposition+noun/pronoun1.Youmayrely2.CanIcount3.Whathashappenedonthatman/hisdiscretion/hisbeingdiscreet.onyourhelp?tothem?Aninfinitivephrasemayfollowthenoun/pronoun.1.We’rewaiting2.Irely3.Shepleadedforournewcartobedelivered.onyoutobediscreet.withthejudgetohavemercy.B組:Theprepositionisomittedbeforeathat-clause,thusproducingthesamewordorderasin[VP9](fortransitiveverbs).Heinsistedonhisinnocence.Heinsistedthathewasinnocent.Cf.Hedeclaredthathewasinnocent.[VP3A][VP3B][VP9]Theprepositionmayberetainedifitsobjectisadependentquestion,orifapreceding‘preposition+it’constructionisused.Subject+vi.(preposition<+it>)clause1.Iagree2.Youmustsee3.Ihesitated4.Haveyoudecided5.Don’tworry(toit)(about)(upon)(about)thatitwasamistake.thatthissortofthingneveroccursagain.whethertoacceptyouroffer.whereyouwillgoforyourholidays?howthemoneywaslost.[VP4]A組:Inthispatterntheverbisfollowedbyato-infinitiveofpurpose,outcome,orresult.Subject+vi.to-infinitive1.Westopped2.Howdidyoucome3.Willhelive4.Someonehascalledtorest/tohavearest.toknowher?tobeninety?toseeyou.B組:Theinfinitivemaybeequivalenttoaco-ordinateclause.Subject+vi.to-infinitive1.Heawoke2.Thegoodolddayshavegone3.Electronicmusichasclearlycome4.Helookedroundtofindthehouseonfire.nevertoreturn.tostay.toseethedoorslowlyopening.C組:Theinfinitiveadjunctisusedaftersomeverbswhich,in[VP3A],areusedwithprepositions.Don’ttrouble/botheraboutthat.Don’ttrouble/bothertomeetme.Subject+vi.to-infinitive1.Shehesitated2.Shewaslonging3.Heagreedtotellanyone.toseeherfamilyagain.tocomeatonce.D組:Theverbsseemandappearareusedinthispattern.Iftheinfinitiveisbewithanadjectiveornounascomplement,tobemaybeomitted(unlesstheadjectiveisonethatisusedonlypredicatively,asin[VP4E]).Subject+SEEM/APPEAR(tobe)+adjective/noun1.Heseemed2.Thisseems3.Iseem(tobe)surprisedatthenews.(tobe)aseriousmatter.(tobe)unabletoenjoymyself.Thereisavariationofthispatternwithintroductoryit,whenthesubjectisaninfinitiveorgerund,oraclause.It+SEEM/APPEARadjective/nounsubject1.Itseemed2.Itseems3.Itdoesn’tseem4.Itappearsreasonableapitymuchuseunlikelytotryagain.towasteallthatfood.goingon.thatwe’llarriveontime.E組:Iftheadjectiveafterseem/appearisusedonlypredicatively(eg.awake,asleep,afraid),tobeisobligatory.Happenandchancearealsousedinthispattern.Subject+SEEM/APPEAR/HAPPEN/CHANCEto-infinitive1.Thebabyseems2.Myenquiriesseem3.Shehappened4.Wechanced5.Thereseemstobeasleep/tobesleeping.tohavebeenresented.tobeoutwhenIcalled.tomeetinthepark.tohavebeensomemistake.F組:Thefinitesofbeareusedwithato-infinitivetoconveyavarietyofmeanings,見(jiàn)be4(3)Subject+BEto-infinitive1.We’re2.AtwhattimeamI3.HowamItobemarriedinMay.tocome?topaymydebts?[VP5]Inthispatterntheauxiliaryverbsoranomalousfiniteswill/would,shall/should,can/could,must,dare,needarefollowedbyabareinfinitive(ie.withoutto).Thephraseshadbetter,had/wouldratherandwouldsoonerfitintothispattern.Subject+anomalousfiniteinfinitive1.Youmay2.Youneedn’t3.You’ll4.Ididn’tdare5.You’dbetterleavenow.wait.finditinthatbox.tellanyone.startatonce.[VP6]A組:Theverbsinthispatternhaveanounorpronounasdirectobject.Conversiontothepassivevoiceispossible.Subject+vt.noun/pronoun1.Didyouenjoy2.Weallhad3.Everyonelikesthefilm?agoodtime.her.B組:Theverbsinthispatternhaveanounorpronounasdirectobject,butconversiontothepassivevoiceisnotpossible.Have,meaning‘possess/take/eat/drink’,followsthispattern.Reflexiveverbs,andverbswithcognateobjects,followthispattern.Subject+vt.noun/pronoun1.Haveyouhad2.Shehas3.Haveyouhurt4.Shesmiled5.Hedreamedbreakfastyet?greeneyes.yourself?herthanks.averyodddream.C組:Inthispatterntheobjectisagerund,notreplaceablebyato-infinitive.Subject+vt.gerund1.Sheenjoys2.Haveyoufinished3.Iresentplayingtennis.talking?beingspokentosorudely.D組:Inthispatterntheobjectisagerund.Thismaybereplacedbyato-infinitive.Forthedifferencebetweenlikeswimmingandliketoswim,seethenoteson[VP6D]inGuidetoPatternsandUsage.Subject+vt.gerund1.Sheloves2.I’llcontinue3.Hebegangoingtothecinema.workingwhilemyhealthisgood.talkingabouthiscleverchildren.E組:Afterneed,want(=need)andwon’t/wouldn’tbear,thegerundisequivalenttoapassiveinfinitive.Subject+NEED/WANT/BEARgerund1.He’llneed2.Myshoeswant3.Hislanguagewouldn’tbearlookingafter(=tobelookedafter).mending(=tobemended).repeating(=wastoobadtoberepeated).[VP7]A組:Inthispatterntheobjectoftheverbisato-infinitive.(Forintransitiveverbswiththesamewordorder,see[VP4].)Subject+vt.(not)+to-infinitive1.Dotheywant2.Hepretended3.Wehope/expect/intend4.Iforgot/rememberedtogo?nottoseeme.toclimbMountEverest.topostyourletters.B組:Ought,andthefinitesofhaveinthispatternindicateobligation.Incolloquialstylehavegottoismoreusualthanhaveto.Subject+HAVE/OUGHT(not)+to-infinitive1.Doyouoftenhave2.Youdon’thave3.Yououghttoworkovertime?toleaveyet,doyou?nottowasteyourmoneythere.[VP8]Inthispatterntheobjectoftheverbisaninterrogativepronounoradverb(exceptwhyorwhether),followedbyato-infinitive.Subject+errogativepronoun/adverb+to-infinitive1.Doyouknow/see2.Icouldn’tdecide3.I’vediscovered4.Youmustlearnhowtodoit?whattodonext.wheretofindhim.whentogiveadviceandwhentobesilent.[VP9]Theobjectoftheverbisathat-clause.Thatisoftenomitted,exceptaftermoreformalverbs(eg.decide,intend).Subject+vt.that-clause1.Isuppose2.Iwish3.Doyouthink4.Theworkersdecided5.Weintendedyou’llbeleavingsoon.youwouldn’tinterrupt.it’llrain?thattheywouldgoonstrike.thatJohnshouldbeinvited.[VP10]Inthispatterntheobjectoftheverbisadependentclauseorquestion.Theclauseisintroducedbyarelativeadverborpronoun,what,orwhether/if.Subject+vt.dependentclause/question1.Doesanyoneknow2.Comeandsee3.Iwonder4.Sheaskedhowithappened?whatI’vedone!whether/ifhe’llcome.whyIwaslate.[VP11]Theverbisfollowedbyanounorpronounandathat-clause.Subject+vt.noun/pronounthat-clause1.Hewarned2.Iconvinced3.Wesatisfiedusthepolicemanourselvesthattheroadswereicy.thatIwasinnocent.thattheplanwouldwork.[VP12]A組:Theverbisfollowedbyanindirectobject(IO)andadirectobject(DO).Theindirectobjectisequivalenttoaprepositionalobjectwithto,asin[VP13A].Subject+vt.IODO1.Won’tyoulend2.Hedoesn’towe3.Hedenied/grudgedhimmeheryourcar?anything.nothing.B組:Inthispatterntheindirectobjectisequivalenttoaprepositionalobjectwithfor,asin[VP13B].Subject+vt.IODO1.Shemade2.Willyoudo3.Shecookedherselfmeherhusbandanewdress.afavor?somesausages.C組:Verbsinthispatternarerarelyorneverconvertibleto[VP13].ThelabelsIOandDOarenotused.Subject+vt.noun/pronounnoun/pronoun1.Ask2.Ienvy3.Hestruckhimyouthedoorhisname.yourfinegarden.aheavyblow.[VP13]A組:Inthispatterntheverbisfollowedbyadirectobject,theprepositionto,andtheprepositionalobject.Itisconvertibleto[VP12A].Subject+vt.DOto+noun/pronoun1.Shetold2.Hesold3.I’vesentthenewshisoldcarpresentstoeveryoneinthevillage.tooneofhisneighbors.toeveryoneinmyfamily.B組:Inthispatterntheprepositionisfor.Itisconvertibleto[VP12B].Subject+vt.DOfor+noun/pronoun1.Shemade2.Willyoudo3.Canyoucashanewdressafavorthischequeforherdaughter.forafriendofmine?forme?[VP14]Inthispatterntheverbisfollowedbyadirectobjectandaprepositionanditsobject.Thispatternisnotconvertibleto[VP12],asare[VP13A]and[VP13B],‘Givesomethingtosomebody’[VP12A]maybeconvertedto‘Givesomebodysomething’[VP13A].‘Explainsomethingtosomebody’cannotbeconvertedto‘*Explainsomebodysomething’.Theprepositionislinkedtotheverbandtheymustbelearnttogether,eg‘congratulatesomebodyonsomething’,‘compareonethingto/withanother’.In[VP15]howevertheprepositionalphraseisvariable,eg‘putsomethingon/underthetable,inthedrawer’.Subject+vt.DOprepnoun1.Wecongratulated2.Compare3.Hecompared4.Iexplainedhimthecopytheheartmydifficultyonwithtotohissuccess.theoriginal.apump.him.Variationsarepossible.IftheDOislong,theprepositionalphrasemayprecedeit.Introductoryitmaybeusedwhenthereisaninfinitivephraseoraclause.Subject+vt.prep+nounDO1.Iexplained2.Imustleaveittohimtoyourownjudgmenttheimpossibilityofgrantinghisrequest.todecidewhetheryoushouldofferyourresignation.Compare:Subject+vt.DOprep+noun1.Iexplained2.Imustleavetheproblemthedecisiontohim.toyou.[VP15]A組:In[VP15A]theDOisfollowedbyanadverbialphraseofplace,duration,distance,etcwhichisobligatory.‘Ireadthebook’[VP6]isacompletesentence,but‘*Iputthebook’isnot.Putneedsanadjunct,eg‘Iputthebookdown/away/ontheshelf’.Withverbsmarked[VP15A]theadverbialisaprepositionalphrase,whichisvariable(unlike[VP14]).Subject+vt.DOadverbialphrase1.Don’tletthechildput2.Thesecretaryshowed3.Pleaseputhisheadmethesepapersoutofthecarwindow/intotheplasticbag.tothedoor/intothereceptionroom.onthatdesk/inthatfile/inmybriefcase.B組:Inthispatternadverbialparticlesareused.WhentheDOisapersonalpronoun,theadverbialparticlefollows.WhentheDOisanounornounphrase,theadverbialparticlemayeitherfolloworprecede.IftheDOislong,theadverbialparticleusuallyprecedes.Subject+vt.DOadverbialparticiple1.Take2.Don’tthrow3.Didyouwindthem/yourshoesit/thatoldhatit/theclockoff.away.up?Subject+vt.adverbialparticipleDO1.Lock2.Shegave3.Don’tforgettoswitchupawayoffallyourvaluables.allheroldclothes.thelightsinalltheroomsdownstairs.[VP16]A組:Inthispatternthereisanadverbialadjunctwhichisaninfinitivephrase.Thismaybeintroducedbyinordertoorsoasto.[VP16A]istobedistinguishedfrom[VP17](withthesamewordorder).Cf:IsentTomtobuysomefruit.[VP16A]IwantTomtobuysomefruit.[VP17]In[VP16A]theinfinitiveisoneofpurposeorintendedresult.In[VP17]theinfinitiveispartofthedirectobject.Subject+vt.DOto-infinitive1.Hebrought2.Heopened3.Theylefthisbrotherthedoormetoseeme.toletthecatout.todoallthedirtywork.B組:TheDOisfollowedbyanounintroducedbyasorlike,oraclauseintroducedbyasiforasthough.Subject+vt.DOas/like+nounasif/though+clause1.Ican’tsee2.Herparentsspoilt3.Hecarries4.Youmustn’ttreatmyselfherhimselfyourwifeasapopsinger.asachild.likeasoldier.asifshewereaservant.[VP17]Inthispatterntheverbisfollowedbyanounorpronounandato-infinitive.Thenoun/pronoun+to-infinitiveistheobjectoftheverb.Subject+vt.noun/pronoun(not)+to-infinitive1.Helikes2.Theywarned3.Doyouwant/wishhiswifeusmetodresscolorfully.nottobelate.tostay?[VP18]A組:Inthispatterntheverbisusedwithanounorpronounandabareinfinitive.Theverbsindicatephysicalperceptions.Theseverbsarealsousedin[VP19].[VP18]indicatescompletedactivityand[VP19]activityinprogress.Subject+vt.noun/pronouninfinitive1.Didyousee/notice2.Wefelt3.Ionceheardanyonethehouseherleavethehouse?shake.singthepartofAida.B組:Asmallnumberofverbswhichdonotindicatephysicalperceptionsareusedinthispattern.Makeandletareexamples.Compareforce/compelandallow/permit,whichareusedin[VP17].PleaseletPleaseallow/permitmemego.[VP18B]togo.[VP17]Subject+vt.noun/pronouninfinitive1.Whatmakes2.Let3.I’veneverknownyoumehimthinkso?go!behavesobadlybefore.C組:Haveisusedinthispatternwhenitmeans‘wish’,‘experience’or‘cause’.Subject+HAVEnoun/pronouninfinitive1.Whatwouldyouhave2.Have3.Ihad4.Weoftenhavemethevisitorsafrighteningthingourfriendsdo?shownin,please.happentomeyesterday.visitusonSundays.[VP19]A組:Theverbisfollowedbyanounorpronounandapresentparticiple.Theverbsindicatephysicalperceptionsandarethoseusedin[VP18A].Subject+vt.noun/pronounpresentparticiple1.Canyousmell2.Shecouldfeel3.Didyounotice4.Didn’tyouhearsomethingherheartanyonemeburning?beatingwildly.standingatthegate?knocking?B組:Thispatternisusedforsomeverbswhichdonotindicatephysicalperceptions.Subject+vt.noun/pronounpresentparticiple1.Ifound2.Theyleft3.Thisset4.Pleasestart5.HesoonhadJohnmemetheclockthemallworkingathisdesk.waitingoutside.thinking.going.laughing.C組:Inthispatternthenounorpronounisfollowedbythe–ingformofaverb,andthismaybeeitherthepresentparticipleorthegerund,dependinguponwhetheritisprecededbyanounorpronoun,orapossessive.Forfullernotes,see[VP19C]inGuidetoPatternsandUsage.Subject+vt.noun/pronoun/possessive-ingformoftheverb1.Ican’tunderstand2.Canyouimagine3.Doesthisjustify4.Ican’tremember5.Iadmirehim/hisme/myyou/yourmyparents/theirTom(‘s)/him/hisbehavingsofoolishly.beingsostupid?takinglegalaction?everbeingunkindtome.standinghisground.[VP20]Inthispatterntheverbisfollowedbyanounorpronoun,aninterrogativeadverb(exceptwhy)orpronoun,andato-infinitive.Thepatternmaybeco