英語四級閱讀理解練習及答案16年6月

英語四級閱讀理解練習及答案16年6月英語四級閱讀理解練習及答案16年6月英語四級閱讀理解練習及答案16年6月資料僅供參考文件編號：2022年4月英語四級閱讀理解練習及答案16年6月版本號：A修改號：1頁次：1.0審核：批準:發(fā)布日期：1)takearaincheck改期2)lostcount弄不清楚3)beinanotherworld精神恍惚;魂不守舍4)makeyourselfathome隨意，隨便5)saveyourbreath省口氣吧;別白費口舌了6)makesense有意義，理解7)costsb.anarmandaleg非常昂貴8)burnaholeinone'spocket很快地被花光9)fillone'sshoes很好地頂替;令人滿意地替代10)isicecold表示理所當然11)likeapplesandoranges用來表示無法相比的事物12)loseone'strainof忘記13)meeteachotherhalfway相互妥協(xié)，讓步14)onthedot準時;正點15)onceandforall最后一次;干脆16)outofearshot不在聽力所及范圍17)outofthisworld非常好18)playbyear隨機應變，視情形而定19)ringabell令人想起某件事;聽起來耳熟1．。。Ifthepopulationoftheearthgoesonincreasingatitspresentrate,therewilleventuallynotbeenoughresourceslefttosustainlifeontheplanet.Bythemiddleofthe21stcentury,ifpresenttrendscontinue,wewillhaveusedupalltheoilthatdrivesourcars,forexample.Evenifscientistsdevelopnewwaysoffeedingthehumanrace,thecrowdedconditionsonearthwillmakeitnecessaryforlustolookforopenspacesomewhereelse.Butnoneoftheotherplanetsinoursolarsystemarecapableofsupportinglifeatpresent.Onepossiblesolutiontotheproblem,however,hasrecentlybeensuggestedbyAmericanscientist,ProfessorCarlSagan.Saganbelievesthatbeforetheearth'sresourcesarecompleetelyexhausteditwillbepossibletochangetheatmophereofVenusandsocreateanewworldalmostaslargeasearthitself.ThedifficultisthatVenusismuchhotterthantheearthandthereisonlyatinyamountofwaterthere.Saganproposesthatalgaeorganismsthatcanliveinextremelyhotorcoldatmospheresandatthesametimeproduceoxygen,shouldbebredinconditionsimilartothoseonVenus.Assoonasthishasbeendone,thealgaewillbeplacedinsmallrockets.SpaceshipwillthenflytoVenusandfiretherocketsintotheatmosphere.Inafairlyshorttime,thealgewillbreakdownthecarbondioxideintooxygenandcarbon.Whenthealgaehavedonetheriwork,theatmospherewillbecomecooler,butbeformancansetfootonVenusitwillbeneccessaryfortheoxygentoproducerain.ThesurfaceoftheplanetwillstillbetoohotformantolandonitbuttherainwilleventuallyfallandinafewyearssomethinglikeearthwillbereproducedonVenus.1.Intelongrun,themostinsolubleproblemcausedbypopulationgrowthonearthwillprobablybethelackof______.a.foodb.oilc.spaced.resources2.CarlSaganbelievesthatVenusmightbecolonizedfromearthbecause_____a.itmightbepossibletochangeitsatmosphereb.itsatmosphereisthesameastheearth'sc.thereisagoodsupplyofwateronVenusd.thedaysonVenusarelongenough3.OnVenusthereisalotof________.a.waterb.carbondioxidec.carbonmonoxided.oxygen4.Algaeareplantsthatcan____.a.liveinveryhottemperaturesb.liveinverycoldtemperaturesc.manufactureoxygend.alloftheabove5.MancanlandonVenusonlywhen_______.a.thealgaehavedonetheirworkb.theatmospherebecomescoolerc.thereisoxygend.itrainsthere答案：cabdd2.。。PeoplelivingonpartsofthesouthcoastofEnglandfaceaseriousproblem.In1993,theownersofalargehotelandofseveralhousesdiscovered,totheirhorror,thattheirgardenshaddisappearedovernight.Theseahadeatenintothesoftlimestonecliffsonwhichtheyhadbeenbuilt.Whileexpertswerestudyingtheproblem,thehotelandseveralhousesdisappearedaltogether,slidingdownthecliffandintothesea.Erosion(侵蝕)ofthewhitecliffsalongthesouthcoastofEnglandhasalwaysbeenaproblembutithasbecomemoreseriousinrecentyears.Dozensofhomeshavehadtobeabandonedastheseahascreptfartherandfartherinland.Expertshavestudiedtheareasmostaffectedandhavedrawnupamapforlocalpeople,forecastingtheyearinwhichtheirhomeswillbeswallowedupbythehungrysea.AngryownershavecalledontheGovernmenttoerectseadefensestoprotecttheirhomes.Governmentsurveyorshavepointedoutthatinmostcases,thisisimpossible.Newseawallswouldcosthundredsofmillionsofpoundsandwouldmerelymakethewavesandcurrentsgofurtheralongthecoast,shiftingtheproblemfromoneareatoanother.Thedangerislikelytocontinue,theysay,untilthewavesreachaninlandareaofhardrockwhichwillnotbeeatenaslimestoneis.Meanwhile,ifyouwanttobuyacheaphousewithanuncertainfuture,applytoahouseagentinoneofthethreatenedareasonthesouthcoastofEngland.Youcangetahouseforaknockdownpricebutitmayturnouttobeaknockdownhome.1.WhatisthecauseoftheproblemthatpeoplelivingonpartsofthesouthcoastofEnglandface?

A)Thedisappearanceofhotels,housesandgardens.B)Theexperts’lackofknowledge.C)Therisingofthesealevel.D)Thewashing-awayoflimestonecliffs.2.TheerosionofthewhitecliffsinthesouthofEngland________.A)willsoonbecomeaproblemforpeoplelivingincentralEnglandB)hasnowbecomeathreattothelocalresidentsC)isquicklychangingthemapofEnglandD)canbestoppedifpropermeasuresaretaken3.Theexperts’studyontheproblemoferosioncan________.A)leadtoitseventualsolutionB)provideaneffectivewaytoslowitdownC)helptopreventitfromworseningD)warnpeoplewhosehomesareindanger4.Itisnotfeasibletobuildseadefensestoprotectagainsterosionbecause________.A)itistoocostlyandwillendangerneighbouringareasB)thegovernmentistooslowintakingactionC)theywillbeeasilyknockeddownbywavesandcurrentsD)houseagentsalongthecoastdonotsupporttheidea5.Accordingtotheauthor,whenbuyingahousealongthesouthcoastofEngland,peopleshould________.A)beawareofthepotentialdangerinvolvedB)guardagainstbeingcheatedbythehouseagentC)takethequalityofthehouseintoconsiderationD)examinethehousecarefullybeforemakingadecision參考答案1.C2.B3.A4.B5.D3.。。Statusesaremarveloushumaninventionsthatenableustogetalongwithoneanotherandtodeterminewherewe"fit"insociety.Aswegoaboutoureverydaylives,wementallyattempttoplacepeopleintermsoftheirstatuses.Forexample,wemustjudgewhetherthepersoninthelibraryisareaderoralibrarian,whetherthetelephonecallerisafriendorasalesman,whethertheunfamiliarpersononourpropertyisathierorameterreader,andsoon.Thestatusesweassumeoftenvarywiththepeopleweencounter,andchangethroughoutlife.Mostofuscan,atveryhighspeed,assumethestatusesthatvarioussituationsrequire.Muchofsocialinteractionconsistsofidentifyingandselectingamongappropriatestatusesandallowingotherpeopletoassumetheirstatusesinrelationtous.Thismeansthatwefitouractionstothoseofotherpeoplebasedonaconstantmentalprocessofappraisalandinterpretation.Althoughsomeofusfindthetaskmoredifficultthanothers,mostofusperformitrathereffortlessly.Astatushasbeencomparedtoready-madeclothes.Withincertainlimits,thebuyercanchoosestyleandfabric.ButanAmericanisnotfreetochoosethecostume(服裝)ofaChinesepeasantorthatofaHinduprince.Wemustchoosefromamongtheclothingpresentedbyoursociety.Furthermore,ourchoiceislimitedtoasizethatwillfit,aswellasbyourpocketbook(錢包).Havingmadeachoicewithintheselimitswecanhavecertainalterationsmade,butapartfromminoradjustments,wetendtobelimitedtowhatthestoreshaveontheirracks.Statusestoocomereadymade,andtherangeofchoiceamongthemislimited.這是一篇說明文，講的是人們的Status(身份、地位)這一問題。51.Inthefirstparagraph,thewritertellsusthatstatusescanhelpus_______.A)determinewhetherapersonisfitforacertainjobB)behaveappropriatelyinrelationtootherpeopleC)protectourselvesinunfamiliarsituationsD)makefriendswithotherpeople[答案及分析]：[B]事實辨認題。問在第一段作者告訴我們?nèi)说纳矸輰ξ覀冇邢铝心姆N幫助。第一段第一句說得很明白：“身份有助于我們和別人相處，決定我們在社會中所處的地位、扮演的角色”，[B]項意為“正確地與人交往”，正是上述意思。52.Accordingtothewriter,peopleoftenassumedifferentstatuses______.A)inordertoidentifythemselveswithothersB)inordertobetteridentifyothersC)astheirmentalprocesseschangeD)asthesituationchanges[答案及分析]：[D]事實辨認題。問作者認為，在什么情況下人們經(jīng)常具有不同的身份。[A]項意為“為了將自己預其他人區(qū)別開”，[B]項為“為了更好地識別他人”，[C]項為“當心理發(fā)生變化時”，[D]項意為“隨著環(huán)境的變化”。[A]、[B]、[C]三項都不合文章原意，并且根據(jù)第二段第一、二句話可知[D]項正確。53.Theword"appraisal"(Line5,Para.2)mostprobablymeans"_______".A)involvementB)appreciationC)assessmentD)presentation[答案及分析]：[C]詞義理解題。問第二段第六行中的appraisal一詞的意思是什么。根據(jù)該詞所在的句子，可知該詞含義和mentalprocess(思想過程)有關，并且可能與和其并列的詞interpretation(解釋，說明，理解)有一定相似之處。involvement意為“陷入，卷入;牽涉，包含”，assessment意為“估計，評估;所估計之數(shù)額”，appreciation表示“感謝，感激;欣賞，評價，賞識”，presentation意為“贈送;提出;引見，介紹;出席，呈現(xiàn);演出”。比較起來，[B]項符合上述兩點，而且意思上說得通。appraisal的準確意思是“估計，估價，評價”，在此句中“評價”講。54.Inthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraph,thepronoun"it"refersto"______".A)fittingouractionstothoseofotherpeopleappropriatelyB)identificationofotherpeople'sstatusesC)selectingone'sownstatusesD)constantmentalprocess[答案及分析]：[A]事實辨認題。問第二段最后一句中“it”指代什么。根據(jù)句意及其結(jié)構(gòu)可知：it指代thetask，即前一句“wefitoutactionstothoseofpeoplebasedonaconstantmentalprocessofappraisalandinterpretation”，不難看出[A]項正確。4.。。Oneofthequalitiesthatmostpeopleadmireinothersisthewillingnesstoadmitone'smistakes.Itisextremelyhardsometimestosayasimplethinglike"Iwaswrongaboutthat,"anditisevenhardertosay,"Iwaswrong,andyouwererightaboutthat."Ihadanexperiencerecentlywithsomeoneadmittingtomethathehadmadeamistakefifteenyearsago.HetoldmehehadbeenthemanagerofacertaingrocerystoreintheneighbourhoodwhereIgrewup,andheaskedmeifIrememberedtheeggcartons.ThenherelatedanincidentandIbegantoremembervaguelytheincidenthewasdescribing.Iwasabouteightyearsoldatthetime,andIhadgomeintothestorewithmaymothertodotheweeklygroceryshopping.Onthatparticularday,Imusthavefoundmywaytothedairyfooddepartmentwheretheincidenttoodplace.Theremusthavebeenaspecialsaleoneggsthatdaybecausetherewasanimpressivedisplayofeggsindozenandhalf-dozencartons.Thecartonswerestackedthreeorfourfeethigh.Imusthavestoppedinfrontofadisplaytoadmirethestacks.Justthenawomancamebypushinghergrocerycartandknockedoffthestacksofcartons.Forsomereason,Idecideditwasuptometoputthedisplaybacktogether,soIwanttowork.Themanagerheardthemoiseandcamerushingovertoseewhathadhappened.Whenheappeared,Iwasonmykneesinspectingsomeofthecartonstoseeifanyoftheeggswerebroken,buttohimitlookedasthoughIwastheculprit.Heseverelyreprimandedmeandwantedmetopayforanybrokeneggs.Iprotestedmyinnocenceandtriedtoexplain,butitdidnogood.EventhoughIquicklyforgotallabouttheincident,apparentlythemanagerdidnot.1.Howoldwastheauthorwhenhewrotethisarticle?a.about8b.about18c.about23d.about152.Whowastoblameforknockingoffthestacksofcartons?a.Theauthorb.Themanagerc.Awomand.Theauthor'smother3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?a.Thewomanwhoknockedoffthestacksofcartonswasseriouslycriticizedbythemanangerb.Theauthorwasseverelycritizizedbythemanager.c.Awomancarelesslyknockedoffthestacksofcartonsd.Itwastheauthorwhoputthedisplaybacktogether4.Whichofthefollowingcanserveasthebesttitleforthepassage?

a.ItsHardertoAdmitOne'sMistakeb.Iwasoncetheculpritc.Irememberanincidentd.Acaseofmistakenidentity5.Thetoneofthearticleexpressestheauthor's_______.a.admirationforthemanager'swillingnesstoadmitmistakesb.angertothemanagerforhiswrongaccusationc.indignationagainstthewomanwhoknockedoffthestacksofcartonsd.regetforthemistakethemadeinthestore答案：ccada5.。。Waterproblemsinthefuturewillbecomenoreintenseandmorecomplex.Ourincreasingpopulationwilltremendouslyincreaseurbanwastes,primarilysewage.Ontheotherhand,increasingdemandsforwaterwilldeceasesubstantialytheamountofwateravailablefordilutingwastes.Rapidlyexpandingindustrieswhichinvolvemoreandmorecomplexchemicalprocesseswillproducelargevolumesofliquidwastes,andmanyofthesewillcontainchemicalswhicharenoxious.Tofeedourrapidlyexpandingpopulation,agriculturewillhavetobeintensified.Thiswillinvolveever-increasingquantitiesofagriculturalchemicals,Fromthis,itisapparentthatdrasticstepsmustbetakenimmediatelytodevelopcorrectivemeasuresforthepollutionproblem.Therearetwowaysbywhichthispollutionproblemcanbedwindled.Thefirstrelatestothetreatmentofwastestodecreasetheirpollutionhazard.Thisinvolvestheprocessingofsolidwastes"priorto"disposalandthetreatmentofliquidwastes,orefflunets,topermitthereuseofthewaterorminimizepollutionuponfinaldisposal.Asecondapproachistodevelopaneconomicuseforallorapartofthewastes.Farmmanureisspreadinfieldsasanutrientororganicsupplement.Effluentsfromsewagedisposalplantsareusedinsomeareasbothforirrigationandforthenutrientscontained.Efflunetsfromotherprocessingplantsmayalsobeusedasasupplementalsourceofwater.Manyindustries,suchasmeatandpoultryprocessingplants,arecurrentlyconvertingformerwasteproductsintomarketablebyproducts.Otherindustriesarepotentialeonomicusesforwasteproducts.1.Thepurposeofthispassageis______.a.toalertthereadertothedwindlingwatersupplyb.toexplainindustrialusesofwaterc.toacquaintthereaderwithwaterpollutionproblemsd.todemostratevariousmeasurestosolvethepollutionproblem2.WhichofthefollowingpointsisNOTINCLUDEDinthepassage?

a.Industrialdevelopmentincudesthesimplificationofcomplexchemicalprocesses.b.Dilutingwastesneedscertainamountofwaterc.Demandsforwaterwillgoupalongwiththeexpandingpopulationd.Intensivecultivationoflandrequiresmoreandmorechemicals3.Thereadercanconcluedthat________.a.countriesoftheworldwillworktogetheronpolutionproblemsb.byproductsfromwastesleadtoamoreprosperousmarketplacec.scienceismakinggreatprogressonincreasingwatersuppliesd.someindustriesarenow,akingeconomicuseofwastes4.Theauthorgivessubstancetothepassagethroughtheuseof_______.erviewswithauthoritiesinthefieldofwatercontrolsb.opinionsandpersonalobservationsc.definitionswhichclarifyimportanttermsd.strongargumentsandpersuasions5.Thewords"priorto"(para.2)probablymean______.a.afterb.duringc.befored.beyond答案:cadbc6.。。。Manypeoplebelievetheglarefromsnowcausessnowblindnenss.Yet,darkglassesornot,theyfindthemselvessufferingfromheadachesandwateringeyes,andevensnowblindness,whenexposedtoseveralhoursof"snowlight".TheUnitedStatesArmyhasnowdeterminedthatglarefromsnowdoesnotcausesnowblindnessintroopsinasnow-coveredcountry.Rather,aman'seyesfrequentlyfindnothingtofoucsoninabroadexpanseofbarrensnow-coveredterrain.Sohisgazecontinuallyshiftsandjumpsbackandforthovertheentirelandscapeinsearchoftsomethingtolookat.Findingnothing,hourafterhour,theeyesneversotpsearchingandtheeyeballsbecomesoreandtheeyemusclesache.Natureoffsetsthisirritationbyproducingmoreandfluidwhichcoverstheeyeball.Thefluidcoverstheeyeballinincreasingquantityuntilvisionblurs,thenisobsured,andtheresultistotal,eventhoughtemporary,snowblindness.ExperimentsledtheArmytoasimplemethodofovercomingthisproblem.Scoutsaheadofamainbodyoftroopsaretrainedtoshakesnowfromevergreenbushes,creatingadottedlineastheycrosscompletelysnow-coveredlandscape,Eventhescoutsthemselvesthrowlightweight,darkcoloredobjectsaheadonwhichtheytoocanfocus.Themenfollowingcanthenseesomething.Theirgazeisarrested.Theireyesfocusonabushandhavingfoundsomethingtosee,stopscouringthesnow-blanketedlanscape.Byfocusingtheirattentionononeobjectatatime,themencancrossthesnowwithoutbecominghopelesslysnowblindorlost.Inthiswaytheproblemofcrossingasolidwhiteterrainisovercome.1.Topreventheadaches,wateringeyesandblindnesscausedbytheglarefromsnow,darkglassesare_____.a.indispensibleb.usefulc.ineffectived.available2.Whentheeyesaresoretearsareproducedto________.a.clearthevisionb.remedysnowblindnessc.easetheirritationd.loosenthemuscles3.Snowblindnessmaybeavoidedby_______.vidingtheeyeswithsomethingtofoucsond.coveringtheeyeballswithfluid4.Thescoutsshakesnowfromevergreenbushesinorderto_______.a.bivethemenbehindsomethingtoseeb.beautifythelandscapec.warmthemselvesinthecoldd.preventthemenbehindfromlosingtheirway5.Asuitabletitleforthispassagewouldbe_______.a.snowblindnessandhowtoovercomeitb.natrue'scureforsnowblindnessc.soldiersinthesnowd.snowvision答案：CCCAA7.。。。OnThursdayafternoonMrs.Carke,dressedforgoingout,tookherhandbagwithhermoneyandherkeyinit,pulledthedoorbehindhertolockitandwenttotheover60sClub.ShealwayswentthereonThursdays.Itwasaniceoutingforanoldwomanwholivedalone.Atsixo'clockshecanehome,letherselfinandatoncesmeltcigarettesmoke.CigarettesmokeinherhouseHowHowHadsomeonegotinShecheckedthebackdoorandthewindows.Allwerelockedorfastened,asusual.Therewasnosignofforcedentry.Overacupofteashewonderedwhethersomeonemighthaveakeythatfittedherfrontdoor-"amasterkey"perhaps.SoshestayedathomethefollowingThursday.Nothinghappened.Wasanyonewatchinghermovements

OntheThursdayafterthatshewentoutatherusualtime,dressedasusual,butshedidn'tgototheclub.Insteadshetookashortcuthomeagain,lettingherselfinthroughhergardenandthebackdoor.Shesettleddowntowait.

Itwasjustafterfouro'clockwhenthefrontdoorbellrang.Mrs.Clarkewasmakingacupofteaatthetime.Thebellrangagain,andthensheheardherletter-boxbeingpushedopen.Withthekettleofboilingwaterinherhand,shemovedquietlytowardsthefrontdoor.Alongpieceofwireappearedthroughtheletter-box,andthenahand.Thewireturnedandcaughtaroundtheknobonthedoor-lock.Mrs.Clarkeraisedthekettleandpouredthewateroverthehand.Therewasashoutoutside,andtheskinseemedtodropoffthefingerslikeaglove.Thewirefelltothefloor,thehandwaspulledback,andMrs.Clarkeheardthesoundofrunningfeet.1.Mrs.ClarkeloodedforwardtoThursdaybecause_______.a.sheworkedataclubonthedayb.shesaidvisitorsonThursdaysc.shevisitedaclubonThursdayd.aspecialvisitorcameonThursday2.Ifsomeonehadmadeaforcedentery,_______.a.Mrs.Clarkewouldhavefoundabrokendoororwindowb.heorshewasstillinthehousec.thingswouldhavebeenthownaboutd.heorshewouldhaveneededamasterkey3.OnthethirdThursdayMrs.Clarkewentout_______.a.becauseshedidn'twanttomisstheclubagainb.toseeifthethiefwashngingaboutoutsidec.totheclubbutthenchangedhermindd.inanattempttotrickthethief4.Thelockonthefrontdoorwasonewhich_______.a.neededapieceofwiretoopenitb.couldheopenedfrominsidewithoutakeyc.could'tbeopenedwithoutakeyd.usedaknobinsteadofakey5.Thewirefeeltothefloor_______.a.becauseMrs.Clarkerefusedtoopenthedoorb.whentheman'sglovedroppedoffc.becauseitwastoohottoholdd.becausethemanjustwantedtogetaway答案：cadbd8.。。。Treesshouldonlybeprunedwhenthereisagoodandclearreasonfordoingsoand,fortunately,thenumberofsuchreasonsissmall.Pruninginvolvesthecuttingawayofobergrownandunwantedbranches,andtheinexperiencedgardenercanbeencouragedbythethoughtthatmoredamageresultsfromdoingitunnecessarilythanfromleavingthetreetogrowinitsownway.First,pruningmaybedonetomakesurethattreeshaveadesiredshapeorsize.Theobjectmaybetogetatreeoftherightheight,andatthesametimetohelpthegrowthofsmallsidebrancheswhichwillthickenitsappearanceorgiveitaspecialshape.Secondly,pruningmaybedonetomakethetreehealthier.Youmaycutdiseaedordeadwood,orbranchesthatarerubbingagainsteachotherandthuscausewounds.Thehealthofatreemaybeencouragedbyremovingbranchesthatareblockingupthecentreandsopreventingthefreemovementofair.Oneresultofpruningisthatanopenwoundisleftonthetreeandthisprovidesaneasyentryfordisease,butitisawoundthatwillheal.Oftenthereisaracebetweenthehealingandthedeseaseastowhetherthetreewillliveordie,sothatthereisaperiodwhenthetreeisatrisk.Itshouldbetheaimofeverygardenertoreducewhichhasbeenprunedsmoothandclean,forhealingwillbesloweddownbyroughness.Youshouldallowthecutsurfacetodryforafewhursandthenpaintitwithoneofthesubstancesavailablefromgardenshopsproducedespeciallyforthispurpose.Pruningisusuallywithoutinterferencefromtheleavesandalsoitisveryunlikelythatthecutsyumakewillbleed.Ifthisdoeshappen,itis,ofcourse,impossibletopaintthemproperly.1.Pruningshouldbedoneto______.a.makethetreegrowtallerb.improvetheshapeofthetreec.getridofthesmallbranchesd.makethesmallbranchesthicker2.Treesbecomeunhealthyifthegardener______.a.allowstoomanybranchestogrowinthemiddleb.doesnotprotectthemfromwindc.forcesthemtogrowtooquicklyd.damagessomeofthesmallsidebranches3.Whyisaspecialsubstancepaintedonthetree?a.Tomakeawoundsmoothb.Topreventdiseaseenteringawoundc.Tocoveraroughsurfaced.Tohelpawoundtodry4.Agoodgardenerprunesatree______.a.atintervalsthroughouttheyearb.asquicklyaspossiblec.occasionallywhennecessaryd.regulareverywinter5.Whatwastheauthor'spurposewhenwritingthispassage?

a.Togivepraticalinstructionforpruningatree.b.Togiveageneraldescriptionofpruningc.Toexplainhowtreesdevelopdiseasesd.Todiscussdifferentmethodsofpruning.答案：babca9.。。。Newdays,astandardformeasuringpowerhaschanged.Thesechangesforetellanewstandardformeasuringpower.Nolongerwillanation'spoliticalinfluencebebasedsolelyonthestrengthofitsmilitaryforces.Ofcourse,militaryeffectivenesswillremainaprimaryprimarymeasureofpower.Butpoliticalinfluenceisalsocloselytiedtoindustrialcompetitiveness.It'softensaidthatwithoutitsmilitarytheSovietUnionwouldreallybeathird-worldnation.Thenewstandardofopwerandinfluencethatisevolvingnowplacesmoreemphasisontheabilityofacountrytocompeteeffectivelyintheeconomicmarketsoftheworld.Americamustrecognizethisnewcourseofevents.Oursuccessinshapingworldeventsoverthepast40yearshasbeenthedirectresultofourabilitytoadapttechnologyandtotakeadvantageofthecapabilitiesofourpeopleforthepurposeofmaintainingpeace.Ourindustrialprowessovermostofthisperiodwasunchallenged.Itisironicthatitisjustthisprowessthathasenabledothercountriestoprosperandinturntothreatenourindustrialleadership.ThecompetitivenessofAmerica'sindustrialbaseisanissuebiggerthantheDepartmentofDefenseandisgoingtorequiretheeffortsofthemajorinstitutionalforcesinoursociety-government,industry,andeducation.ThatisnottosaythattheDefenseDepartmentwillnotbeastrongforceintheprocessbecausewewill.Butwesimplycannotbe,norshouldwebe,lookeduponbyothersasthesaviorofAmericanindustry.1.Nowanation'spoliticalinfluencedependson_________.a.thestrengthofitsmilitaryforcesb.itsabilitytocompeteinindustryc.economicmarketsd.bothaandb2.TheSovietUnionwasnotlistedasathird-worldnationjustbecauseof_________.a.itspowerfulmilitaryforcesb.itsvastlandc.itsindustrialcompetitivenessd.itscontributionstoworldpeace3.Theauthorindicatesthat______isthreateningAmericanpoliticalpower.a.othercountriesb.thedecliningU.S.industrialbasec.anewstandardformeasuringpowerd.lessadvancedtechnology4.Americasucceededinshapingworldeventsoverpast40yearsprobablybecauseof___________.a.itsabilitytoadapttechnologyb.itsabilitytotakeadvantageofthecapabilitiesofitspeoplec.itsabilitytocompeteintheworldmarketsd.bothaandb5.Thepurposeofwritingthisarticleis__________.a.todrawthereaders'attentiontoanewstandardformeasuringpowerb.todemonstrateAmericanpoliticalinfluenceintheworldc.toemphasizethateffortsmustbemadetostrengthenthedecliningU.S.industrialbased.toshowAmericanindustrialprowess答案：dabdc10.。。。TheUnitedStatesisonthevergeoflosingitsleadingplaceintheworld'stechnology.Sosaysmorethanonestudyinrecentyears.OneofthereasonsforthisdeclineistheparalleldeclineinthenumberofU.S.scientistsandengineers.Since1976,employmentofscientistsandengineersisup85percent.Thistrendisexpectedtocontinue.However,thetrendshowsthatthenumberof22-year-olds--theneartermsourceoffuturePH.D.s-isdeclining.Furtheraddingtotheproblemistheincreasedcompetitionforthesecandidatesfromotherfields-law,medicine,business,etc.WhilethenumberofU.S.PH.D.sinscienceandengineeringdeclines,theawardofPH.D.stoforeignnationalsisincreasingrapidly.OurinabilitytomotivatestudentstopursuescienceandengineeringcareersatthegraduateleveliscompoundedbecauseoftheintensedemandindustryhasforbrightBachelor'sandMaster'sdegreeholders.Toooften,promisingPH.D.candidates,confrontingthecostandfinancialsacrificeofpursuingtheireducation