【2022】初一上學(xué)期英語知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)3

初一年級（上）英語知識點(diǎn)梳理【知識梳理】重點(diǎn)短語Befrom,Comefrom,inEnglish,Overthere,introduce...to...,nextto,looklike,lookat,havealook,comeon,atwork,atschool,puton,lookafter,getup,goshopping,apictureof,Ofcourse,intheothercorner,writeletters,domyhomework,lotsof,tellsb.about,howto,getto,acrossfrom,between...and...,gostraighton,Excuseme,ontheright/left(of),turnleft/right,gopast,staywith,becloseto,atthebackof,attheendof,insteadofdoingsth,readbooks,not...atall,writealist,comeback,rightnow,needtodosth,makeacake,makedumplings,howmany,howmuch,alittle,afew,alotof,lotsof,adozeneggs,aloafofbread,abottleofcookingoil,abagofflour,abarofsoap,aboxofcookies,wanttodosth,takeyourorder,begoodatdoingsth,playtennis,playbasketball,ontheteam,againstfrom,liketodosth,taketennislessons,beinterestedindoingsth,doingsportswith...,lookfor,have...classes,answerthephone,receiveletters,afterschool,talkabout,practicedoingsth,onone’sown,usetheInternet,trytodo,takepartin,twotimesaweek,teachsbsth,apictureof...,重要句型Howoldareyou?I’m….Whereareyoufrom?I’mfrom….Who’sthatgirloverthere?Sheis….Ihave...,butIdon’thave...Ihaveno...What’sthis/that?Itis…/It’s…Whose..arethese/those?Theyare...Ithink…/Idon’tthink...Enjoy/like/love/hatedoingsthmyfavoritethingsare...preferdoingtodoingThanksfor...One...theother...Let’sdosth.helpsb.dosth.What/Howabout…?Therebe...Howmany...arethere?Istherea....nearhere?Arethereany...aroundhere?HowdoIgettothepostoffice?Where’sthe...?Itis+adj+todosthForgettodosth,forgetdiongsthWeneedtodo...,butwedon’tneedtodo...Howmuch...is/arethere? Thereisalittle...,thereareafew...I’dlikea,,,,I’llhavea...Doyouknow...?MayItakeyourorder,please?Wouldyouliketodosth.?Bereadyfor...Hecan.../Hecan’t...Canhe...?Whatcanhedoontheicerink?Ican...交際用語Goodmorning,Miss/Mr….Hello!Hi!Nicetomeetyou.Nicetomeetyou,too.Howareyou?I’mfine,thankyou/thanks.Andyou?Howiseverything?Seeyou.Seeyoulater.Thankyou!You’rewelcome.Goodbye!Bye!What’syourname?Mynameis….Hereyouare.Thisway,please.Who’sondutytoday?Let’sdo.Letmesee.重要語法1.動詞的用法；A)be動詞：Be動詞有三個，am,isare.am,are,isare.am,is,are填空。TheU.S. abigcountry.Guangzhou oneofthelargestprovinceinChina.GuangzhouandShanghai moderncities.We inGuangzhounow.I astudentinXXschool.LucyandI teenagers.David myclassmate.You mybestfriend.Mydog mybestfriend.Mymotherandsister athome.BB）第三人稱單數(shù)s一）s。如：comes,spells,waits,talks,sees,dances,trains二）x,sh,ch,s,tches。如：watches,washes,wishes,finishes三三yyieshurry-hurries,try-tries2）以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：plays,says,stays,enjoys,buys四）以o結(jié)尾加es。如：does,goes五）特殊的有：are-is,have-hasC）現(xiàn)在分詞一般在后加ingsing-singing,see-seeing,train-training,play-playing,hurry-hurrying,watch-watching,go-going,do-doing二）eeing。如：dance-dancing,wake-waking,take-taking,practice-practicing,write-writing,have-having三）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個元音字母＋一個輔音字母（注意除開字母組合如showshowing,draw-drawininrun-running,get-getting,let-letting,begin-beginning四ieieyingdie-dyinglie-lying位于2.人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法；人稱主格賓格形容詞名詞性反身代詞指示代詞第一人稱單數(shù)I復(fù)數(shù)wemeusmyourmineoursmyselfourselves第二人稱youyouyouyouyouryouryoursyoursyourselfyourselves第三人稱單數(shù)sheher her hers herself this Hehimhishishimselfit復(fù)數(shù)theyitthemitstheiritstheirsitselfthemselvesthesethose3.3.名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和所有格的用法；A）名詞的數(shù)數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分，復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下：一）一般情況下在后面加s。如：fathers,books,Americans,Germans,apples,bananas二）ce,se,ze,(d)ge后加s。如：prices,cases,oranges三）x,sh,ch,s,tch后加es。如：boxes,glasses,dresses,watches,wishes,faxes四yyiesfamily-families,duty-duties,comedy-comedies，story-stories2）ys。如：day-days,boy-boys;toy-toys,key-keys五）os（外來詞）。如：radios,photos,但如是輔音加o如:tomatoes西紅柿,potatoes馬鈴薯六f或fe結(jié)尾的變f為v再加es(sknife-knives,wife-wives,shelf-shelves,leaf-leaves,yourself-yourselves七）單復(fù)數(shù)相同（不變的）有：fish,sheep,deer,Chinese,Japanese八shorts,shoes,glasses,gloves,clothes,socks九class班，同學(xué),family家，家庭成員十movies,penpal-penpals;但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時為復(fù)數(shù)。如：mandoctor-mendoctors,womanteacher-womenteachers十一）表示民族的名詞，有的在此為加s,如：anAmerican—threeAmericans;有的單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同，如：aChinese—fourChinese十二）有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同。如：fishfishes魚的種類paperpapers報(bào)紙，卷子，論文,workworks作品，工廠,glassglasses玻璃杯，眼鏡,orangeoranges橙子,lightlights燈,people人peoples民族,timetimes,次數(shù),chickenchickens十三）s或’s(I’s),Kss。如：IDs,VCDs,SARs十四）child-children,man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,mouse-mice,policeman-policemen,Englishman-EnglishmenB）名詞的格當(dāng)我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時，我們就要使用所有格形式。構(gòu)成如下：一）單數(shù)在后面加’s。如：brother’s,Mike’s,teacher’s二）復(fù)數(shù)以s結(jié)尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。如：Teachers’Day教師節(jié),classmates’;Children’sDay六一節(jié),Women’sDay三八節(jié)三and但分別擁有時卻分別按單數(shù)形式處理。如：MikeandBen’sroom邁克和本的房間（共住一間andBen’srooms邁克和本的房間（各自的房間）a,an,the的基本用法；Therebe句型的用法。Therebe句型主要用以表達(dá)“某處 某時 有某人 某物 ”其基本結(jié)構(gòu)“Therebe 某物 某人 某地 某時 ”肯定句：Thereisa…,Thereare…一般疑問句:Isthere…?Yes,thereis./No,thereisn’t.Arethere…?Yes,thereare./No,therearen’t.否定句：Thereisn’t….Therearen’t….特殊疑問句：Howmany...arethere?ThereHowmuch...isthere? Thereis...就近原則： 的形式是由與它最近的那個名詞來確定的。若那個名詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞要用is 是復(fù)數(shù)就用are。如：①Thereisabookandsomepensonthefloor.②Therearesomepensandabookonthefloor.一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的用法；真理。1經(jīng)常通常有時總是（從不）,onSundays（在星期天）,everyday/month/year（每一天/月/年）2、結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+連系動詞be(am/is/are)+名詞/形容詞/數(shù)詞/介詞短語/狀態(tài)（Therebe+n.）練習(xí)：1.I (be)astudent. Myname (be)Tom.Where (be)myshoes?They (be)here.Who (be)thegirlwithlongstraighthair?Ithinkshe (be)Kate.YouandI (notbe)inClassSix. (be)thereasupermarketontheFifthAvenue?Yes,there (be). herparenttall?No,he .主語（非第三人稱單數(shù)行為動詞原形+（do定句、一般疑問句和特殊疑問）（第三人稱單數(shù)行為動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)+（用助動詞does）行為動詞第三人稱單數(shù)加-s的形式1.- s 2. 輔音+y: study-studies 3.以s,x,ch,sh 結(jié)尾teach-teaches4特殊have-hasdo-doesgo-goes練習(xí)：Hisparents (watch)TVeverynight.Mybrother (do)homeworkeveryday.肯定句Hisparents (notwatch)everynight.Mybrother (notdo)homeworkeveryday.否定句 hisparents (watch)TVeveryYes,they . No,they . yourbrother homeworkeveryday?一般疑問句Yes,he . No,he .When hisparents (watch)TV? TheywatchTVeverynight.When yourbrother (do)homework? Hedoeshomeworkeveryday.特疑疑問句【詞匯講解】in/on在表示空間位置時，in表示在某個空間的范圍以內(nèi)，on表示在某一個物體的表面之上。例如：Thereisabirdinthetree.樹上有只鳥。Thereisapictureonthewall.墻上有張圖。this/that/these/thosethisthisthat的復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：YoulookinthisboxandI’lllookinthatoneover你看看這個盒子，我去看那邊的那個盒子。Iwantthiscar,notthatcar.我想要這輛小汽車，不是那一輛。Takethesebookstohisroom,please.Thisismine;that’syours.這個是我的，那個是你的。Theseareapples;thoseareoranges.這些是蘋果，那些是橘子。在打電話的用語中，this常常指的是我，that常常指的是對方。例如：ThisisMaryspeaking.Who’sthat?我是瑪麗。你是誰？Therebe/haveTherebe"有""be+某人或某物+Therebebe動詞后面的名詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名isare。例如：Thereisabigbottleofcokeonthetable.桌上有一大瓶子可樂。Thereisadollinthebox.那個盒子里有個娃娃。Therearemanyapplesonthetree.那樹上有許多蘋果?？傊琓herebe"有"have表示"有"，即：某人有某物(sb.have/hassth.)。主語一般是名詞或代詞，與主語是所屬關(guān)系。例如：Ihavetwobrothersandonesister.我有兩個兄弟，一個姐姐。Thathousehasfourrooms.那所房子有四個房間。look/see/watchlook表示―看、瞧‖但不一定看到，以提醒對方注意。，如：Look!Thechildrenareplayingcomputergames.瞧！孩子們在玩電腦游戲。Look!What’sthatoverthere?看！那邊那個是什么？單獨(dú)使用是不及物動詞，如強(qiáng)調(diào)看某人/物，其后接介詞at，才能帶賓語，如：He’slookingatme。他正在看著我。see強(qiáng)調(diào)―看‖look―看到‖，see及物動詞，后面能直接跟賓語。如：Whatcanyouseeinthepicture?你能在圖上看到什么？Lookattheblackboard.Whatdidyouseeonit?看黑板！你看到了什么？watch―觀看，注視‖的活動，強(qiáng)調(diào)過程，常用于―看電視、看足球、看演出‖等。如：YesterdaywewatchedafootballmatchonTV.昨天我們從電視上看了一場足球比賽。puton//inputon意為―穿上，戴上‖。主要指―穿上‖這一動作,后面接表示服裝、鞋帽的名詞。in是介詞，表示―穿著‖強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。在句中可以做定語、標(biāo)語和狀語。如：It’scoldoutsideputonyourcoat.外面冷，穿上你的外衣。Heputsonhishatandgoesout.他戴上帽子，走了出去。ThewomaninawhiteblouseisJohn’smother.穿白色襯衣的那個婦女是John的媽媽。house/home/familyhouse：房子，指居住的建筑物―，指一個人同家人共同經(jīng)常居住―家庭，家庭成員。例如：Pleasecometomyhousethisafternoon.今天下午請到我家來。Heisnotathome.他不在家。Myfamilyallgetupearly.我們?nèi)叶计鸬煤茉?。fine,nice,good,well四者都可用作形容詞表示"好"用作表語。主要區(qū)別在于：fine"精細(xì)""身體健康"可以用來指"天氣晴朗"。例如：Yourparentsareveryfine.你父母身體很健康。That'safinemachine.那是一臺很好的機(jī)器。It'safinedayforawalktoday.今天是散步的好時候。nice"美好漂亮"揚(yáng)別人。例如：Lucylooksnice.露西看上去很漂亮。Thesecoatsareverynice.那些裙子很好看。Nicetomeetyou.見到你很高興。It'sveryniceofyou.你真好。good形容人時指""，形容物時指""的普通用語。例如：Hersonisagoodstudent.她兒子是一個好學(xué)生。Theredcarisverygood.那輛紅色小汽車很好。well只可用來形容人的"身體好"放在所修飾的動詞之后。例如：I'mverywell,thanks.我身體很好，謝謝。Myfriendssingwell.一般疑問句：一般疑問很好認(rèn)，be,do和情態(tài)，三者開頭是一般。句首沒be就加do.Beam,is,are.Do,does,did是助動。情態(tài)動詞有許多，can,may,would,must,shallshould,some是特殊，anysome它的回答很簡單，yesno輪流用，哪詞來問哪詞答。冠詞用法：冠詞有三個，a,anthe。a,anthe.an用元音前，the注意。the,the.the。還有情況不用冠，國名，地名，人名前，前有my,this等限定，冠也千萬不能用，球類前面不加the,樂器前面要加the.零散語法：動詞后面用賓格，主格用在不能放句尾，形容物代跟名詞，名詞物代不跟詞。Like后有名詞，沒有限定必跟復(fù)，如果動詞放在后，ing小尾巴不能丟。Wouldlike是想要，想做事情加todo,wantto,howtoto,to特殊疑問詞特殊疑問詞(7wh-1how)7wh-:what,who,where,when,which,whose二、結(jié)構(gòu)1.（或is）+其他？eg.{1}Whoisatschool? 誰在學(xué)校？{2}WhoteachesyouEnglish?英語？（Whosebrotherisateacher?誰的哥哥是一名老師？do/does(be)+主語+動詞原形+其他？eg.{1}Whatdoeshedo?他是做什么的？{2}WhereisChicago?初一英語上學(xué)期期末知識盤點(diǎn)與題解PartOne詞類轉(zhuǎn)換一可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞,可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù),：Therearetwo (university)inthedistrict.Therearemany (dictionary)inthebookshop.Theyhavemany (photo)Therearemanytall (building)inthecity.My (parent)areworkers.Theyare (manteacher)Whatareyourfavourite (country)intheworld?Nowadays,weneveruse (match)moreoftenthanbefore.Best (wish)toallofyouhere!Workin (pair)andyoucanspeakwell.English (class)usuallybeginat6o’clock.The (monkey)inthezoomakeallofuslaugh.Here someinformationfortheholiday.Healthyfood (be)helpfulforus.二人稱代詞和物主代詞的使用Thisis silkshirt.(he)Theyare parents(he)Lucysitsbehind (he)Kateisinfrontof (we).Tomisnextto (she)Whoteaches English. Athey Bthem Ctheir DtheirsCanyouhelp with English(they)Thecatislookingat faceinthewater.(its,it’s)三詞性的轉(zhuǎn)化Therearemany (difference)kindsofanimalsintheworld.Canyouwritean (invite)emailinEnglish?ManyChinesestudentsstudyin (Europe)universitiesnow.Everyoneofusshouldgive (visit)awarmwelcome.Theshopis (close)atthistimeoftheday.四動詞的使用(make)acakeforTony. 2Shelikes (writeinChineseIhavealotofwork (do) 3 (dance)isherfavourite.Canyoufinish (run)aroundtheplaygroundin10minutes?Hepractices (drive)everySaturday.Thanksfor (invite)metoyourparty.ThegirlsinClassTwoareallgoodat (speak)English.Hehastwo (swim)lessonsonSunday.Hermotheralwaysgoes (shop)attheweekend.Whatabout (keep)thisasecret?Wouldyoulike (stop) (have)adrinkandaYoulooktirednow.Tonyasksme (go)toabasketballmatch.PartTwo易錯語言點(diǎn)一冠詞a,an,the/1What fineweatheritistoday! 2Iwant orangefootball3Themanis Arabic. 4youbelievethathecanplay violinverywell?5Theactorinthefilmis one-year-oldbaby.二Therebe，have/hasgot以及它們的區(qū)別There (be)anappleandthreeorangesonthedesk.Therearesomestudentsintheroom（變一般疑問。Thereistwodesksintheroom.(對劃線提問) shegotacomputer? ADoes BDo CHave DHasHehasgotanewwatch. He gotanewwatch.LucyhasgottwoemailboxesontheInternet(對劃線提問） Lucy ontheinternet?Jim gotanydrink. Ahaven’tBhasn’t Cdoesn’thave DhaveTherearemorethanonehundredteachersinourschool.（同義句Ourschool morethanonehundredteachers.--- friendshaveyougot? ---I friends.三單數(shù)第三人稱，動詞的單三形式Sometimesshe (send)meflowersasbirthdaypresent.Motheralwaysgetsupand (cook)breakfastforthewholefamily. Lily’sfatheroften (drink)wine?Jim (practise)dancingeverydayTheboyinredclothesalways (listen)totheteachercarefully.LingLingnever (watch)footballmatches.Theyusually (have)Englishlessonsinthemorning.TonyandLinTao (wear)thesameclothes.Everyoneintheclass (be)busyforthefinalexam.What (be)yourpresentforyouraunt?四be與doThetiger eatgrass. Aisn’tBdoesn’tCaren’tDdon’tTheyusually (notgive)moneyorfruitaspresents.Shewantstobeasingerinthefuture.(對劃線提問) shewantto inthefuture.WeallpractisereadingEnglilsheverymorning. allpractise everymorning.ThesnakecomesfromSouthAmerica.（同義句）Thesnake SouthAmerica.Themeetingendsatat3