【2022】2019新人教版八年級上冊英語單元語法及知識點歸納

新人教版八年級上冊英語單元語法及知識點歸納Unit1Wheredidyougoonvacation?【重點語法】不定代詞：不指名代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞叫做不定代詞。用法注意：someany/不可數(shù)名。some多用于否定句、疑問句和條件從句。有些問句中用some,any,肯定回答。some,any,no,every與body,one,thing構(gòu)成的復合不定代詞作主語時，其謂語動詞用三單。interesting【重點短語】buysthforab./buysb.sth為某人買某物taste+adj.……nothing...but+原形)除了……之外什么都沒有seem+(tobe)+adj看起來arrivein+大地方/arriveat+小地方到達某地decidetodosth.決定做某事trydoingsth./trytodosth.盡力做某事enjoydoingsth.喜歡做某事wanttodosth.想去做某事startdoingsth.=begindoingsth.stopdoingsth.stoptodosth.停下來去做某事dislikedoingsth.不喜歡做某事14.so+adj+that+從句如此……以至于……tellsb.(not)todosth.告訴某人（不要）keepdoingsth.繼續(xù)做某事forgettodosth./forgetdoingsth忘記做過某事【詞語辨析】takeaphoto/takephotos拍照quiteafew+名詞復數(shù)“許多…”seem+形容詞看起來 Youseemhappytoday.seem+todosth.似乎/好像做某事IseemtohaveacoldItseems+從句似乎 Itseemsthatnoonebelieveyou.seemlike...好像，似乎 Itseemslikeagoodidea.arrivein大地=getto=地點名“到達 ”arriveat+小地點（注：若后跟地點副詞here/there/home,arrivehere;getfeellikesth…feeldoingsth.wonder（想知道疑問詞（who,what,引導的從句。becauseof+名/代because+從句Hecan’ttakeawalkbecauseoftherain.Idon’tbuytheshirtbecauseitwastooexpensive.enough…...形容詞/副詞+enoughUnit2Howoftendoyouexercise?【重點語法】:always,usually,often,sometimes,never頻率副詞在句中通常放在實義動詞之前,be動詞或助動詞之后。常用于一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)中?！啊钡谋磉_方法一次once，兩次twice，三次或三次以上：基數(shù)詞+times,如：threetimes,fivetimes,howoften“常見的how疑問詞：Howsoon多久（以后）—Howsoonwillhebeback?他多久能回來？—Hewillbebackinamonth.他一個月后能回來。howlong”—Howlongdidittakeyoutocleanthehouse?你打掃房子用了多久？—Ittookmehalfanhourtocleanthehouse.我打掃這房子用了半小時。Howmany+Howmuch+不可名“多少”問數(shù)量（howmuch還可問價格）【重點短語】gotothemovies去看電影l(fā)ookafter=takecareof照顧surftheinternet上網(wǎng)healthylifestyle健康的生活方式goskateboarding去劃板keephealthy=stayhealthy保持健康eatinghabits飲食習慣takemoreexercise做更多的運動thesameas與什么相同bedifferentfrom不同onceamonth一月一次twiceaweek一周兩次makeadifferenceto對 有影/作用mostofthestudents=moststudentsshop=goshopping=dosomeshopping購物begoodfor對 有益bebadfor對 有害comehomefromschool放學回家ofcourse=certainly=sure當然getgoodgrades取得好成績keep/beingoodhealth保持健康takeavacation去度假【詞語辨析】maybe/maybemaybe是副詞，意大概，可能，或”，一般用于句首Maybe是情態(tài)動詞，意可能...，也許是 ，大概是 ”.Thebabyiscrying.Maybesheishungry.Thewomanmaybeateacher.afew/few/alittle/littleafew(少數(shù)的，幾個，一些)

alittle(一點兒，少量)

表示肯定few(很少的，幾乎沒有的)修飾可數(shù)名詞

little(有的)修飾不可數(shù)名詞

表示否定Peoplecanliveto100,butfewpeoplecanliveto150.Thereislittletimeleft.Iwon’tcatchthefirstbus.Couldyougivemealittlemilk?hard/hardlyhard”。hardly。ThegroundistoohardtoIcanhardlyunderstandIt’sraininghard.Thepeoplecanhardlygooutside.Asforhomework,moststudentsdohomeworkeveryday.asfor...意思是“至于；關(guān)于”，+名詞、代詞或動詞的-ing形式（即動名詞）。如：Asforhim，Ineverwanttoseehimhere.至于他，我永遠不希望在這里見到。Asforthestory，you'dbetternotbelieveit.關(guān)于那故事，你最好不要相信。Thatsoundsinteresting.聽起來），look（看起來聞起來），taste（嘗起來feel（覺得），seem（好象），grow（變得）,get（變得）等詞在英語中可用作系動詞，后跟形容詞作表語。如：Ittastesgood.這味道好。Themusicsoundsverysweet.這音樂聽起來很入耳。Thesmokegrewheavierandheavier.煙霧變得越來越濃了。percent“……”百分數(shù)的表示方法：基+percent不用復數(shù)形)，percent做主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)其后面的名詞來確定50％：fiftypercent 百分之五十Fiftypercentoftheapplesarebad.50%的蘋果都壞了。Twentypercentofthemeatisinthefridge.20%的肉都在冰箱not…atall意為”，not應放在be動詞、情態(tài)動詞或助動詞之后。Thestoryisn’tinterestingatall.那個故事一點也沒有趣。Itis+adj.todosth.……的。Itisinterestingtoplaycomputergames.玩電腦很有趣。take,spend,payIttakessb.sometimetodosth.意為“花費某人……時間來做某事”。人(sb.)spend時間/錢onsth.“買某物花了……錢”。人(sb.)spend/(in)doing“”。pay”pay...for...however”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，可放在句首、句中、句末。Unit3I’mmoreoutgoingthanmysister.【重點語法】形容詞和副詞的比較等級形容詞和副詞的原形就是原級或更……...。:+be++than+B“A比B更與B必須是同級的，即必須是人與人，物與物進行對比）+than+表示“AB…”比較A，B兩/兩事物問其中哪一個較 時用句型：“Who/which+謂語動詞+adj./adv.比較級，AorB?”Whoisthinner,JennyorMary?比較級的特殊用法+and+”““moreand原級”(…),比較級(…)”越…”Themore,thebetter.+is+the形容詞比較+ofthetwo+名復主語是兩者中較 的”兩者在某一方面相同：A+/be+as+adj./adv.原級+as+HelenisastallasAmy.PeterstudiesashardasTom.表示兩者在某一方面不及另一方時，用“notas/so+形容詞或副詞原級+as”Iamnotastallasmysister.形容詞，副詞比較級前的修飾語。當需要表示一方超過另一方的程度時，可以用much,alot,alittle,abit,等來修飾形容詞比較級。注意:比較級不能用very,so,too,quite等修飾?！局攸c短語】1.moreoutgoing更開朗2.as...as...與……一樣thesingingcompetition歌詠比賽themostimportant最重要的betalentedinmusic在音樂方面有天賦thesameas與……相同careabout/留意關(guān)注bedifferentfrom與 不同belikeamirror像一面鏡子aslongas只要；與 一樣長bringout/顯出getbettergrades取得更好的成績reachfor/達到touchone’sheart感動infact事實上makefriends交朋友begoodat在某方面成績好theother另一個besimilarto與…相似begoodwith與和睦相處havefun=Haveagoodtime玩得開心havefundoingsth做某事很開心dothesamethingsasme.做和我一樣的事情It’s+adj+（forsb.）todosth做某事（對某人來說）...的”24makefriendswithsb.與某人交朋友25.aslongas只要；既然，引導條件狀語從句【詞語辨析】begoodat=dowellin......careabout關(guān)心carefor關(guān)愛takecare(當/小心)takecareof(照顧)=lookaftermakesb.dosth.：讓使某人做某事（make后跟不帶to的不定式）Hisfatheralwaysmakemegetupbeforefiveo'clock.makesb.+形容詞：使某人保持某種狀態(tài)Myfriendsalwaysmakemehappy.belike“…”Iamlikeyoursister.looklike“外貌上的像”Ilooklikemysister.That’s……That'swhyIstudyEnglishhard.那就是我努力學習英語的原因。bedifferentfrom與不同反：bethesameas與……though①adv.不過；可是；然而（句末補充說明使語氣減弱）②conj.雖然；盡管=although，與but不能同時用在一個句子中Hesaidhewouldcome.Hedidn’t,though.他說他要來，可是并沒有來。Though/Althoughhehasbeendeadformanyyears,manypeoplestillrememberhim.盡管他已經(jīng)去世很多年了，但很多人仍然記得他。getbettergrades取得更好的成績does(助動詞do/did)，為了避免重復，可代替上文出現(xiàn)過的實意動詞。begoodwithsb.與某人相處得好Unit4What’sthebestmovietheater?【重點語法】標志詞：表比較范圍時用in/of形容詞最高級前須加定冠詞the，副詞最高級前可省略the?！叭撸ɑ蛞陨希牡木湫?）A+be+the+表示范圍（in/of介詞短語）2）A++(the)副詞最高級+表示范圍的of/in介詞短語常用句式Who/Which…+…,A,BorC?oneof+the,最…。3）序數(shù)詞后跟形容詞最高級【重點短語】sofar到目前為止，迄今為止noproblem沒什么，別客氣have….incommon有相同特征（想法、興趣等方面）相同beupto…...決定/是 的職責allkindsof………playaroleindoingsth./sth.發(fā)揮作用，有影響makeup編造（故事、謊言等）forexample=e.g.例如take…..seriously認真對待noteverybody并不是每個人closeto離 近moreandmore……【詞語辨析】Howdoyoulike名/代/V-ing=Whatdoyouthink“…Thanksfor=Thankyoufor名/代/V-ing:“感謝…”You’rewelcome.=Notatall不客氣talent名（可）天賦talentshow才藝表演talentedadj.有天賦的betalentedin在 方面有天賦begoodat…(＝dowellin)反義短語poor/weakin在 方面薄弱begoodfor對……有益，后跟人或事物；其反義短語是bebadforbegoodto對……好(和善；慈愛)，相當于befriendlyto，后面通常接人allkindsof各種各樣的differentkindsofakindof…...*kindof+adj.：kindofboring/fat/thinwinvt.贏得獎品winnern.贏者watchsb.dosth.觀看某人做了某事watchdoingsth.觀看某人正在做某事舉例：suchas常列舉幾個例子，不能窮盡，可和andso等等連用；likesuchas互換；forexample一般//句末。Unit5Doyouwanttowatchagameshow?【重點語法】youthinkof…?=Howdoyoulike…?描述喜好Ilove/like/don’tmind/dislike/can’tstand…+V+其他；主語（三單)+其他)【重點短語】findout查出/發(fā)現(xiàn)bereadytodo…dressup/化妝成takeone'splace代替某人doagoodjob表演的出色thinkof想到/思考gameshow游戲節(jié)目learnfrom向 學習talkshow訪談節(jié)目soapopera肥皂劇goon繼續(xù)watchamovie看電影oneof…其中之一tryone’sbestto=doone’sbestto竭盡全力apairof一雙asfamousas/出名looklike看起來像aroundtheworld世界各地haveadiscussionabout討論…...oneday有一天/某一天suchas例如asymbolof/標志somethingenjoyable快樂的事情interestinginformation有趣的信息【詞語辨析】want+n……wanttodosth想要做某事wantsbtodosth……mind+代詞/V-ingstand“站,站立”e.g.Standup!起立“”(),名/代/V-ingplanvt.&計劃,打算，plantodosth.planplansv.discuss討論)+ion→n.discussionhadadiscussionaboutsth.對某事進行討論happenv.;出現(xiàn)sth+happenstosb.”或“sthhappened+時間/地點”句式情態(tài)動詞maycan可能”might“”may/mightnot“”Theymaynotbeveryexciting.它們可能不是那么令人興奮。expecttodosth.期盼做某事hopetodosth:希望干某事很多動詞后面都可以跟動詞不定式作賓語，如：want,like,hope,wish,learn,start,begin,prefer,try,askbefamousas而出名befamousforsth.因為 而出名oneof……之一。其后的謂語動詞用單數(shù)。OneofmyfavoritemoviesisMr.Bean.我最喜歡的電影之一是憨豆先生。shown.節(jié)目TVshows/talent展示showsth.tosb.=showsb.sth.Unit6I’mgoingtostudycomputerscience.【重點詞語短語用法解析】wanttobe/become)名詞:“…..”Iwanttobe(be)ascientistwhenIgrowup.writestories寫故事tellstories講故事keepondoingsth.繼續(xù)做某事（表動作的反復）keepingdoingsth.保持做某事（表動作或狀態(tài)的持續(xù)）besureabout+名/代/V-ing“Areyousureaboutthat?makesure(that)+從句確保 ”Makesurethatbothdoorsareclosedwhenyougoout.learnsth.WemustlearnEnglisheveryday.learntodosth.Iamgoingtolearntoplay(play)thepiano.discussv.討論；商量名詞是discussiondiscusswithsb.與某人討論:Discussthisquestionwithyourpartner.Let’sdiscussthisproblem.讓我們討論一下這個問題。Allweneednowisaction,notdiscussion.我們現(xiàn)在需要的是行動，不是討論。beabletodosth.能夠做某事can:can+beableto+動詞原形，有人稱和數(shù)的變化，可用于多種時態(tài)。canableto更側(cè)重于經(jīng)過努力、克服一定困難有能力做成某事。Hewillbeableto(能夠)speakEnglishnextyear.（在此不能填can）promisen.v.許諾；承諾；答應makeapromise(tosb)（對某人）許下諾言keepapromise遵守諾言breakapromise違背諾言promise(sb)todosth.許諾某人干某事promise(sb)+that從句Hepromisedtohelpme.他許諾過要幫助我。IpromisedthatIstudyhardfromnowon.我承諾從現(xiàn)在起努力學習。havetodowith……有關(guān)系Thebookhastodowithcomputers.那本書與計算機有關(guān)。takeupsth./doing尤指為消遣）學著做；開始做Iamgoingtotakeupcookingnextyear.明年我將要學煮飯。Sometimestheresolutionsmaybetoodifficulttokeep.too+形容/副詞to+動詞原形，表“…...而不能 如：Thekidistooyoungtoplaythisgame.這個小孩太小，不能玩這個游戲。one’sown名詞“”，強調(diào)某物為個人所有myownbook我自己的書本【重點語法】一般將來時“am/is/aregoingto+動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)基本形式否定式：am/is/arenotgoingto+動詞原形一般疑問式：am/is/are++goingto+一般疑問式？HeisgoingtospendhisholidaysinLondon.他打算在倫敦度假。Lookatthedarkclouds.Thereisgoingtobeastorm.看那烏云，快要下雨了。Ishegoingtocollectanydataforus?他會幫我們收集數(shù)據(jù)嗎？Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?明天你打算作什么？基本用法表示事先經(jīng)過考慮、安排好打算、計劃要做某事。DadandIaregoingtowatchanoperathisafternoon.今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌劇。表示根據(jù)目前某種跡象判斷，某事非常有可能發(fā)生，表示推測。Look!Therecomethedarkclouds.Itisgoingtorain.瞧！烏云密集。天要下雨了。Unit7Willpeoplehaverobots?【重點詞語/短語用法解析】many+......much+不可數(shù)名詞許多......liveto基數(shù)詞+yearsold“活到 歲”beingreatdanger處在極大的危險中playapartin名/代/V-ing./做某事Everyoneshouldplayapartinsavingtheearth.help(sb.)withsth.幫助（某人）做某事HeoftenhelpsmewithmyEnglish.helpsb.(to)dosth.幫助（某人）……HeoftenhelpsmestudyEnglish.helponeself(to)自用(食物等)Helpyourselftothefish.請隨便吃魚thesameas………......bedifferentfromIttakes/took/willtakesb.sometimetodosth.……(時態(tài)根據(jù)具體情況決定）Ittakesmeanhourtogettomyoffice.spendtime／moneyonsth.在……上花費時間（金錢）sb.spendtime／money(in)doingsth.花費時間（金錢）做某事。Ispenttwohoursonthismathproblem.這道數(shù)學題花了我個小時。Theyspenttwoyearsbuildingthisbridge.造這座橋花了他們兩年時間。hundredsof+名詞復數(shù)許多/......數(shù)詞+hundred+名詞復數(shù)幾百......類似的數(shù)詞還有thousand（千）,million（萬Therearefourhundredstudentsinourgrade.TherearehundredsoftouristsinBeijingeveryyear.during在期間duringthevacation/thedaytime/theweekendthemeaningof 的意思Canyoutellmethemeaningofthewords?【重點語法】一般將來時Unit8Howdoyoumakeabananamilkshake?【重點詞語/短語用法解析】cut是切,割”的意思，過去式為cutcutup切碎”Cutupthebananas.=CutthebananasCutit/themup.turnon,()turnoff關(guān)掉,截斷(電流、煤氣、水等)turnup開大,調(diào)高(音量、熱量等)turndown調(diào)低,關(guān)小(音量、熱量等)onemorething另外一件事情anothertenminutes再多十分鐘數(shù)字+more+物品指“另外的……another+數(shù)字+物品指“另外的……當數(shù)字為one時，常與more連用或只用another。Givemetwomorehamburgers？anothertwohamburgersforgettodosth.忘記（去）做某事forgetdoingsth.忘記已做過某事。It’satime（forsb）.todosth.該是（某人）做某事的時期了It’stime（forsb.）todosth.=It’stimeforsth.該是（某人）做某事的時間了。It’satimeforyoutostudyEnglish.It’stimeforustogotoschool.(It’stimeforschool.)givethanksfor名/代V-ing“感恩 ”Weshouldgivethanksforourparents.Hegavethanksforlifeandfood.MostAmericansstillcelebratethisideasofgivingthanksbyhavingabigmeal.by+sth./doing:…...方式IstudyEnglishbylisteningtoEnglishsongs.在...…的旁邊Iamsittingbythepool.3）在...…之前Ihavetogotoschoolby4）搭乘Igotoschoolbybus.Hereis名單()“…”是倒裝句Hereisaphotoofmyfamily.Hereare+名復HerearesomeEnglishbooks.當賓語是代詞時，要用順裝。如：Hereyouare.(對)Hereareyou.(錯)fillsth.withsth.用...…把…...裝滿()befullof“裝滿…”(強調(diào)狀態(tài))Ifilledthecupwiththemilk.Thecupisfullofthemilk.put…in(into)……...放到 里cover…with…用 覆蓋cut…into…...切成 Cuttheappleintofourpieces.cutup…切碎servev.n.serviceserve+名/代“提供…”Theshopservesnicefood.servesb.sth.=servesth.tosb.Serveittoyourfriendswithsomevegetables.servesb.withsth.“用某物招待某人”Servetheguestswithsometea.【重點語法】名詞的單復數(shù)Unit9Canyoucometomyparty?【重點詞語/短語用法解析】one…another…表示不確定數(shù)目中的另一個one…theother…表示兩者中的另一個Idon'tlikethisone,canyoushowmeanother?Ihavetwobrothers.Oneisalawyerandtheotherisamanager.some…others…表示沒有范圍限定“一些 另一些 ”some…theothers…表示某一范圍一些...…其余的 ”Somegotoschoolbybikeandothersgotoschoolbybus.Somegotoschoolbybikeandtheothersgotoschoolbybus.invitev.n.invitationinvitesb.todosth.“邀請某人干某事”invitesb.to+地點名詞Mr.Greeninvitedmetovisithisfactorylastweek.ThanksalotforyourinvitationThanksforinvitingmetoyourparty.3.（1）What’sthedatetoday?意為“今天是幾月幾號？”It’s+月+日。（2）Whatdayisittoday?意為+星期幾?！猈hat’sthedate?—It’sSeptember10th.—Whatdayisittoday?—It’sWednesday.havealesson(class)上課haveanEnglishlessonpreparev.n.preparationpreparesth.“”prepareforsth.“為……”，指為后面的賓語做準備preparetodosth”bring.to…“”把某物從別的地方帶到說話人的地方take…to…“帶去”把某物從說話的地方帶到別處去。（兩者方向相反）Bringyourhomeworkhere,andtakethebookaway.把你的作業(yè)拿過來，把這本書帶走。without（介詞）沒有反義詞：具有Wecan’tlivewithoutwater.Janeisabeautifulgirlwithlonghair.sothatIstudyhardsothatIcangetgoodgrades.surprisen.驚奇surprisedadj.感到驚奇的（指人）surprisingadj.令人驚奇的（指物besurprisedat”toone’ssurprise“令某人驚奇的是”I’msurprisedatthesurprisingnews.我對這個令人驚訝的消息感到很吃驚。Tomysurprise,heleftwithoutleavingaword.令我驚奇的是，他一聲不響地離開了。lookforwardto介詞名/代/V-ingIlookforwardtoyourreply.我期待你的答復。Ilookforwardtoseeingyouagain.hearfromsb.=getaletterfromsb.收到某人的來信。Iheardfrommyfriendsyesterday.=Igotaletterfrommyfriendyesterday.thebestwaytodosth.做某事的最好方式Exercisingisthebestwaytokeephealthy.howtodothat.“”+todosth常用來做賓語Idon’tknowhowtomakeabananamilkshake.Idon’tknowwhattodo.attheendof在末尾”Now,itisattheendof2014.反義短語：atthebeginningof“在…開始”beglad/happy/sadtodo/難過做某事Iamgladtoseeyou.replyto回復…”Replyinwritingtotheinvitation“以寫信形式回復這份邀請函”【重點語法】一.表示邀請的句型Can/Couldyou…(cometomyparty)?Wouldyouliketo..(Wouldyouliketomyparty)?接受：Sure/Yes/Ofcourse,I’dlove/liketo.拒絕:：①I’msorry,Ican’t.Ihaveto/must+V原(陳述理由)②I’dlove/liketo,butI…(理由)3.I’mafraidnot.I…(理由)二.must與havetomust“表示“”:needn’t或don'thaveto(不必)。mustn’t表示“”.haveto:don’t/doesn’t/didn’thaveto)—MustIbehomebeforeeighto’clock?8點之前我必須回家嗎？—Yes,youmust./No,youneedn't./No,youdon'thaveto.Unit10Ifyougototheparty,you’llhaveagreattime!【重點詞語/短語用法解析】haveagreattime意為”，=enjoyoneself,havefun,haveagood/wonderful/nicetimehaveagreat/goodtimein(doing)sth.做某事很開心asksb.（not）todosth.要求某人（不）做某事Theteachersaskustodo(do)lotsofhomework.ordersth.from“”Iwanttoordersomebooksfromthebo