內分泌英語講課-專業(yè)英語課件

EndocrinesystemSunchenglinChapter2EndocrinesystemChapter2EndocrineSystemWordsPineal/[?p?ni?l]Hypothalamus/[?ha?po?θ?l?m?s]Pituitary/[p??tu??tjuri]Thyroid/[?θa??r??d]Parathytoids/[?p?r??θa?r??dThymus/['θa?m?s]Adrenal/[??drin?l]Pancreas/['p??kri?s]Ovary/['?uv?ri]Testes/[‘testi:z]EndocrineSystemPineal/[?p?EndocrineSystemReviewTheendocrinesystemconsistsofdiscreteindividualglandsandtissuesthatproduceandsecretechemicalmessengerscalledhormones.Hormonesenterthebloodstreamfordispersalthroughoutthebody.

Theyexerteffectsonlyonspecificcells,calledtargetcells,thatpossessreceptorsforthem.EndocrineSystemTheendocrineHormonesReceptorsHormonesinfluencetargetcellsbybindingtoSpecificreceptors.ThehormonereceptorinteractionInitiatestheprocessoftransformingthechemicalmessageintotheresponseofthecell.HormonesReceptorsHormonesinfEndocrineSystemGlandsandHormonesInthistopicwewillreviewsomeofthewellestablishedendocrineglandsandtissues,someofthehormonestheyproduced,andasimplefunctionforeach.EndocrineSystemInthistopicGlandsandHormones

ENDOCRINEGLANDHORMONESSECRETEDPinealGlandMelatoninPituitaryGlandGrowthhormone（GH）Thyroid-stimulatinghormone（TSH）Adrenocorticotropinhormone（ACTH）follicle-stimulatinghormone（FSH）Luteinizinghormone（LH）ProlactinVasopressinGlandsandHormonesENDOCRINEGlandsandHormones

ENDOCRINEGLANDHORMONESSECRETEDhypothalamusThyrotropin-releasinghormone(TRH)DopamineGHRHSomatostatinCorticotropinreleasinghormone(CRH)OxytocinVasopressinThyroidGlandTriiodothyronine(T3)Thyroxine(T4)GlandsandHormonesENDOCRINEGlandsandHormones

ENDOCRINEGLANDHORMONESSECRETEDAdrenalGlands(cortexandmedulla)GlucocorticoidMineralocorticoidAndrogenAdrenalineNoradrenalineTestes(male)Androgen(testosterone)Ovaries(female)EstrogenProgesteronePancreasInsulinGlucagonGlandsandHormonesENDOCRINEHormonesarealsoproducedbyendocrinecellslocatedinorgansthathavenon-endocrinefuction.Werefertotheseasendocrinetissues.Theyincludethebrain,heart,kidneyandgastrointestinalTract.EndocrineTissuesHormonesarealsoproducedEndEndocrineFeedbackAsignalissentfromthehypothalamustothepituitaryglandintheformofa"releasinghormone"Whichinturnslowsthesecretionbythetargetgland.EndocrineFeedbackAsignalisEndocrineFeedbackHypothalamussecretesTRH,whichcausesthepituitarytoreleaseTSH,whichcausesthethyroidglandtosecreteT4.Whenthebodyhasenoughthyroidhormoneintheblood,T4"feedsback"tothehypothalamusandpituitaryandcausesadecreaseinsecretionofTRHandTSH.EndocrineFeedbackHypothalamusEndocrineGlandsPituitaryGlandPosteriorPituitaryAnteriorPituitaryEndocrineGlandsPosteriorAnterEndocrineGlandsPituitaryGlandThehormonessecretedbytheposteriorpituitaryareactuallyproducedinthebrainandCarriedtothepituitaryglandthroughnerves.Theyarestoredinthepituitarygland.Hormonesreleased:OxytocinVasopressinEndocrineGlandsThehormonessEndocrineGlandsThyroidGlandTSHcontrolssecretionofT3andT4TSHpromotesgrowthofthethyroidglandTRHisessentialforsecretionofTSHBonegrowth,developmentofbrainnervoussysteminchildren.Hyperthyroidism:hyperphagia/sweating/tachycardia/nervousness/weightlossHypothyroidism:anorexia/dryskin/fatigue/myxedemaEndocrineGlandsTSHcontrolssEndocrineGlandsParathyroidGlandFoursmallmassesofepithelialtissueareembeddedintheconnectivetissuecapsuleontheposteriorsurfaceofthethyroidglands.Parathyroidhormone(PTH)secretedbytheparathyroidglandsaffectscalciummetabolism.EndocrineGlandsFoursmallmasEndocrineGlandsAdrenalGlandAdrenalcortexsecrete:GlucocorticoidsMineralocorticoidsSexhormonesAdrenalmedullasecrete:Epinephrine(adrenaline)Norepinephrine(noradrenaline)EndocrineGlandsAdrenalcortexEndocrineGlandsPancreasThespecializedcellsinthepancreascalledtheisletscarryonendocrinefunction.Theisletsproducestwohormonesinsulinandglucagon.Bothofthesehormonesregulatesugarmetabolisminthebody.EndocrineGlandsThespecializeEndocrineGlandsGonadsTheovarianhormonesareestradiol(anestrogen)andprogesterone,whichcontributetothedevelopmentandfunctionofthefemalereproductiveorgansandsexcharacteristics.Thetestesproducethemalehormonecalledtestosterone,whichpromotesgrowthandmaintenancesecondarysexualcharacteristicsinthemale.EndocrineGlandsTheovarianhoEndocrineGlandsPinealGlandTheglandproducesasinglehormonecalledmelatomin,whichinfluencesthematurationofsexualorgansduringpubertyandmayplayaroleintheregulationofcircadianrhythms.EndocrineGlandsTheglandprodTheglandproducesasinglehormonecalledthymosin,whichisimportantinthedevelopmentoftheimmuneresponseinnewborns.EndocrineGlandsThymusThymusTheglandproducesasinglehoTHANKYOUTHANKYOU內分泌英語講課--專業(yè)英語課件IGF-IIRestoresRapamycin-inducedSuppressionofB-cell

DifferentiationandExpansionofAdultPancreasStemCellsSunchenglinIGF-IIRestoresRapamycin-induIntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroductionRapa1.5Rapa1.0Rapa0.5ControlIsletIntroductionRapa1.5IntroductionIntroductionMaterialsandMethodsControlgroupRapatreatmentgroupsRapaplusIGF-IIgroupD0D8HarvestNPCCisolationD-4DisperseNPCCMediumchangeandTreatmentInvitroMaterialsandMethodsControlgControlgroupRapatreatmentgroupsNPCCisolation8weekD7TransplanttokidneycapsuleHarvestMaterialsandMethodsInvivoControlgroupNPCCisolation8wResultsInsulin/PanCKInsulinPanCKResultsInsulin/PanCKInsulinPanResultsIPGTTResultsIPGTTResultsRNAProteinRNAResultsRNAProteinRNAIGF-IItreatmentinfluencetheexpressionofpancreastranscriptionfactors,includingPDX-1andBeta2,andrestorestheexpansionanddifferentiationofporcineNPCCsunderrapamycintreatmentconditions.

ConclusionIGF-IItreatmentinfluenceEndocrinesystemSunchenglinChapter2EndocrinesystemChapter2EndocrineSystemWordsPineal/[?p?ni?l]Hypothalamus/[?ha?po?θ?l?m?s]Pituitary/[p??tu??tjuri]Thyroid/[?θa??r??d]Parathytoids/[?p?r??θa?r??dThymus/['θa?m?s]Adrenal/[??drin?l]Pancreas/['p??kri?s]Ovary/['?uv?ri]Testes/[‘testi:z]EndocrineSystemPineal/[?p?EndocrineSystemReviewTheendocrinesystemconsistsofdiscreteindividualglandsandtissuesthatproduceandsecretechemicalmessengerscalledhormones.Hormonesenterthebloodstreamfordispersalthroughoutthebody.

Theyexerteffectsonlyonspecificcells,calledtargetcells,thatpossessreceptorsforthem.EndocrineSystemTheendocrineHormonesReceptorsHormonesinfluencetargetcellsbybindingtoSpecificreceptors.ThehormonereceptorinteractionInitiatestheprocessoftransformingthechemicalmessageintotheresponseofthecell.HormonesReceptorsHormonesinfEndocrineSystemGlandsandHormonesInthistopicwewillreviewsomeofthewellestablishedendocrineglandsandtissues,someofthehormonestheyproduced,andasimplefunctionforeach.EndocrineSystemInthistopicGlandsandHormones

ENDOCRINEGLANDHORMONESSECRETEDPinealGlandMelatoninPituitaryGlandGrowthhormone（GH）Thyroid-stimulatinghormone（TSH）Adrenocorticotropinhormone（ACTH）follicle-stimulatinghormone（FSH）Luteinizinghormone（LH）ProlactinVasopressinGlandsandHormonesENDOCRINEGlandsandHormones

ENDOCRINEGLANDHORMONESSECRETEDhypothalamusThyrotropin-releasinghormone(TRH)DopamineGHRHSomatostatinCorticotropinreleasinghormone(CRH)OxytocinVasopressinThyroidGlandTriiodothyronine(T3)Thyroxine(T4)GlandsandHormonesENDOCRINEGlandsandHormones

ENDOCRINEGLANDHORMONESSECRETEDAdrenalGlands(cortexandmedulla)GlucocorticoidMineralocorticoidAndrogenAdrenalineNoradrenalineTestes(male)Androgen(testosterone)Ovaries(female)EstrogenProgesteronePancreasInsulinGlucagonGlandsandHormonesENDOCRINEHormonesarealsoproducedbyendocrinecellslocatedinorgansthathavenon-endocrinefuction.Werefertotheseasendocrinetissues.Theyincludethebrain,heart,kidneyandgastrointestinalTract.EndocrineTissuesHormonesarealsoproducedEndEndocrineFeedbackAsignalissentfromthehypothalamustothepituitaryglandintheformofa"releasinghormone"Whichinturnslowsthesecretionbythetargetgland.EndocrineFeedbackAsignalisEndocrineFeedbackHypothalamussecretesTRH,whichcausesthepituitarytoreleaseTSH,whichcausesthethyroidglandtosecreteT4.Whenthebodyhasenoughthyroidhormoneintheblood,T4"feedsback"tothehypothalamusandpituitaryandcausesadecreaseinsecretionofTRHandTSH.EndocrineFeedbackHypothalamusEndocrineGlandsPituitaryGlandPosteriorPituitaryAnteriorPituitaryEndocrineGlandsPosteriorAnterEndocrineGlandsPituitaryGlandThehormonessecretedbytheposteriorpituitaryareactuallyproducedinthebrainandCarriedtothepituitaryglandthroughnerves.Theyarestoredinthepituitarygland.Hormonesreleased:OxytocinVasopressinEndocrineGlandsThehormonessEndocrineGlandsThyroidGlandTSHcontrolssecretionofT3andT4TSHpromotesgrowthofthethyroidglandTRHisessentialforsecretionofTSHBonegrowth,developmentofbrainnervoussysteminchildren.Hyperthyroidism:hyperphagia/sweating/tachycardia/nervousness/weightlossHypothyroidism:anorexia/dryskin/fatigue/myxedemaEndocrineGlandsTSHcontrolssEndocrineGlandsParathyroidGlandFoursmallmassesofepithelialtissueareembeddedintheconnectivetissuecapsuleontheposteriorsurfaceofthethyroidglands.Parathyroidhormone(PTH)secretedbytheparathyroidglandsaffectscalciummetabolism.EndocrineGlandsFoursmallmasEndocrineGlandsAdrenalGlandAdrenalcortexsecrete:GlucocorticoidsMineralocorticoidsSexhormonesAdrenalmedullasecrete:Epinephrine(adrenaline)Norepinephrine(noradrenaline)EndocrineGlandsAdrenalcortexEndocrineGlandsPancreasThespecializedcellsinthepancreascalledtheisletscarryonendocrinefunction.Theisletsproducestwohormonesinsulinandglucagon.Bothofthesehormonesregulatesugarmetabolisminthebody.EndocrineGlandsThespecializeEndocrineGlandsGonadsTheovarianhormonesareestradiol(anestrogen)andprogesterone,whichcontributetothedevelopmentandfunctionofthefemalereproductiveorgansandsexcharacteristics.Thetestesproducethemalehormonecalledtestosterone,whichpromotesgrowthandmaintenancesecondarysexualcharacteristicsinthemale.EndocrineGlandsTheovarianhoEndocrineGlandsPinealGlandTheglandproducesasinglehormonecalledmelatomin,whichinfluencesthematurationofsexualorgansduringpubertyandmayplayaroleintheregulationofcircadianrhythms.EndocrineGlandsTheglandprodTheglandprodu