cloning基因重組克隆技術(shù)

Unit8TeachingObjectives1.Enlargevocabulary2.Talkabouttheadvantagesanddisadvantagescloningbringstous3.Learntoidentifythewriter’spurpose4.LearntowritealetterofthanksSectionsSectionA

LegalandMoralImplicationsofCloning

SectionB

WhoWillTakeAdvantageofHumanCloning?

SectionC

TwinsSixYearsApartSectionA

LegalandMoralImplicationsofCloningTableofContents

BackgroundInformationWarming-upActivitiesTextAnalysisVocabularyandStructureVocabularyTestWriting

Therearedifferenttypesofcloning,andcloningtechnologiescanbeusedforotherpurposesbesidesproducingthegenetictwinofanotherorganism.Thethreetypesofcloningtechnologiesare:(1)recombinantDNAtechnologyorDNAcloning（基因重組克隆技術(shù)）,(2)reproductivecloning（再生克隆技術(shù)）,and(3)therapeuticcloning（干細(xì)胞療法克隆技術(shù)）.Whatiscloning?Dolly,thefirstmammaltobeclonedfromadultDNA,wasputdownbylethalinjectiononFeb.14,2003.Priortoherdeath,Dollyhadbeensufferingfromlungcancerandcripplingarthritis.CelebritySheepDolly(1)Althoughmost

FinnDorsetsheeplivetobe11to12yearsofage,postmortemexaminationofDollyseemedtoindicatethat,otherthanhercancerandarthritis,sheappearedtobequitenormal.TheunnamedsheepfromwhichDollywasclonedhaddiedseveralyears

CelebritySheepDolly(2)priortohercreation.Dollywasamothertosixlambs,bredtheold-fashionedway.

Scientistshavebeencloninganimalsformanyyears.In1952,thefirstanimal,atadpole,wascloned.BeforethecreationofDolly,thefirstmammalclonedfromthecellofanadultanimal,cloneswerecreatedfromembryoniccells.SinceDolly,researchershaveclonedanumberoflargeandsmallanimalsincludingsheep,goats,cows,mice,pigs,cats,rabbits,andagaur.Allthesecloneswerecreatedusingnucleartransfertechnology（細(xì)胞核移植技術(shù)）.Whatanimalshavebeencloned?(1)Dolly

Clonedmonkeys

Firstclonedmule

Whatanimalshavebeencloned?(2)ClonedtwingoatsFirstclonedhorseFirstclonedcatReproductivecloningisexpensiveandhighlyinefficient.Morethan90%ofcloningattemptsfailtoproduceviableoffspring.Morethan100nucleartransferprocedurescouldberequiredtoproduceoneviableclone.Inadditiontolowsuccessrates,clonedanimalstendtohavemorecompromisedimmunefunctionandhigherratesofinfection,tumorgrowth,andotherdisorders.Whataretherisksofcloning?(1)Japanesestudieshaveshownthatclonedmiceliveinpoorhealthanddieearly.Aboutathirdoftheclonedcalvesbornalivehavediedyoung,andmanyofthemwereabnormallylarge.Manyclonedanimalshavenotlivedlongenoughtogenerategooddataabouthowclonesage.Appearinghealthyatayoungageunfortunatelyisnotagoodindicatoroflongtermsurvival.Cloneshavebeenknowntodiemysteriously.Whataretherisksofcloning?(2)GroupDiscussions(1)1.Asfarasyouknow,whataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesthatcloningbringstous?Somefataldiseasescanbecuredwiththeapplicationofcloning;therateofsuccessinorgantransplantwillbegreatlyimproved;andtheinfertilecouplesarehopefultohavetheirownbabies,etc.However,itmaybringconfusionandfeartous;itwillthreatenhumansocietyanddignity;andthoseclonesmayfeelmiserableiftheyaretreatedasorgandonorsinsteadofindependenthumanbeings.GroupDiscussions(2)2.ShouldHumansbecloned?Duetotheinefficiencyofanimalcloningandthelackofunderstandingaboutthistechnology,I’mstronglyagainstit.Notonlydomostattemptstoclonemammalsfail,severalclonedanimalshavediedprematurelyfrominfections.Moreover,wedon’tknowhowcloningcouldimpactmentaldevelopment,whichiscrucialforthedevelopmentofhealthyhumans.Withsomanyunknownsconcerningreproductivecloning,theattempttoclonehumansatthistimeisconsideredpotentiallydangerousandethicallyirresponsible.ComprehensionoftheText(1)Howdidtheworldreacttothefirstsuccessfullyclonedsheep?Theworldwasamazedbythenewsatfirst,thenworriedaboutandpuzzledoveralonglistofwildpossibilities.ComprehensionoftheText(2)2.Whatarethetwobroadcategorieshumancloningsituationsoftenfallinto?Oneofthesituationsisthatparentswanttocloneachildwhocanserveeitherasatransplantdonororasasubstitutefortheoriginal.Thesecondisthatadultswanttoclonethemselvesforavarietyofreasons.ComprehensionoftheText(3)3.Accordingtotheauthor,whyaretwinsmorealikethanclones?Becauseclonesareonlyphysicallyidenticalwhiletwinssharethesameenvironmentwithinthemotherandareusuallyraisedinthesamefamily.ComprehensionoftheText(4)4.Biologicallyspeaking,whatistheonlypossiblemajordifferencebetweenacloneandtheoriginal?Theonlypossiblemajordifferenceisbearingchildren,asscientistsarenotsureifDollywillbeabletohavelambs.ComprehensionoftheText(5)5.Whydosomeparentswanttosavetheirfatallyillchildthroughcloning?6.Couldclonedanimalsbeusedasorgandonors?Becausecloningwouldincreasethechancesforatissuematchfrom25percenttonearly100percent.Iftechnologywasimproved,thiscouldberealized.ComprehensionoftheText(6)7.HowdidJudithMartinsuggestreferringtoone’’sDNAdonors?8.Whatisthegravestconcernabouthumancloningforsociety?Itmightbepropertorefertothemas““Mosthonoredsirormadam””.Thecreationofanewanddisrespectedsocialclass:theclones.MainideaofthetextWhenaworldwithhumancloneswassuddenlywithinreach,people’’sreactionstoitwerestrongandvaried.Theypuzzledoveranumberofquestionsaboutthelegalandmoralimplicationsthathadarisenfromcloning.TextAnalysis(1)TextAnalysis(2)MainIdeasofEachPartPartI(Para.1)PartII(Paras.2-3)PartIII(Paras.4-18)PartIV(Paras.19)Withthesuccessofcloninganadultmammal,theworldwassuddenlybroughtintotherealityofhumancloning.Thispartisabouttheworld’’sstrongandimmediateresponsesinthewakeofWilmut’’sannouncement.Thispartofferscompleteorpartialanswers,fromtheup-to-dateknowledge,tothesixquestionsonthelegalandmoralimplicationsofcloning.Thispartisintendedtoreaffirmtheauthor’’sopinionthat,althoughthelistofquestionscouldgoon,peoplearejustbeginningtowonderaboutthefutureoftheworldaftercloning.implicationprohibitmountresembleminorfataldeliberateclassifywordthat……/of……succeedindoingdraftguidelinesforfallintointheorybeidenticalto/withintermsofbeconcernedaboutbecomparable/similartoWordsandExpressionsStructures1.Typicalpatternsforadvancingone’’sarguments2.Typicalpatternsforcomparisonandcontrast3.Typicalpatternsforshowingsb.’’sreactionstosth.implicationn.sth.thatissuggestedorsth.thatisnotopenlystated含義，，暗示示Hesmiled,buttheimplicationwasthathedidn'tbelieveme.他微微微一笑笑,但但這一一笑暗暗示著著他不不相信信我的的話。。2.involvingorbeinginvolved,esp.inacrime牽連，，卷入入Theimplicationofthegeneralmanagerinthecriminalcasefurthercomplicatedthewholesituation.總經(jīng)理理卷入入這件件刑事事訴訟訟案使使整個(gè)個(gè)形勢勢進(jìn)一一步復(fù)復(fù)雜化化了。。prohibitvt.fobid,esp.bylaworrule;prevent;makeimpossible禁止，，使不不可能能，阻阻止Smokingisstrictlyprohibitedintheprocessofhandlingexplosivematerials.在處理理易爆爆物時(shí)時(shí),嚴(yán)嚴(yán)格格禁止止吸煙煙。Theloudnessofthemusicprohibitsseriousconversationinmostnightclubs.大多數(shù)數(shù)夜總總會(huì)里里音樂樂聲很很響，，沒法法進(jìn)行行嚴(yán)肅肅的談?wù)勗?。。mountvi./vt.(1)vi.increasegraduallyesp.inawaythatmakesasituationworse增加，，上升升Fourdaysaftertheaccident,thedeathtollcontinuedtomount.事故發(fā)發(fā)生的的四天天之后后，死死亡人人數(shù)在在繼續(xù)續(xù)上升升。IreallyfeelsorryfortheoldladywhenIfindshecanmountthestairsonlywithdifficulty.當(dāng)我發(fā)發(fā)現(xiàn)這這位老老婦人人上樓樓梯十十分艱艱難時(shí)時(shí)感到到十分分難過過。vt.1.gouporonto登上mountvi./vt.(2)vt.2.prepareandproduce,organize準(zhǔn)備并并進(jìn)行，組組織Theunitedopponentpartiesaregettingreadytomountapowerfulattackonthegovernment.聯(lián)合起起來的的反對對黨正正準(zhǔn)備備向政政府發(fā)發(fā)動(dòng)有有力的的攻勢勢。resemblevt.lookorbelike;besimilar,esp.inappearanceto(sb./sth.)像，，類類似似Sheresembleshermotherinthewayshemovesherhandswhenshetalks.她說話話時(shí)打打手勢勢的動(dòng)動(dòng)作像像她媽媽媽。。Wehaveproducedaclothmadeofpineapplefiber,closelyresemblingcottonbutstronger.我們生生產(chǎn)出出了一一塊由由菠蘿蘿纖維維制成成的衣衣料，，很像像棉布布但質(zhì)質(zhì)地更更結(jié)實(shí)實(shí)。minora./n.a.smallerorlesserindegree,size,numbersorimportancewhencomparedwithothers較小的的，較較少的的；低低級的的，次次要的的Theimportantthingistofinishitquickly;costisonlyarelativelyminorconsideration.重要的的是盡盡快完完成，，相對對而言言，費(fèi)費(fèi)用是是次要要考慮慮的事事。n.apersonwhoisbelowtheageatwhichheorshebecomesanadultlegally未成年年人InBritainyouareaminoruntilyouareeighteen.在英國國，你你不滿滿十八八歲就就是未未成年年人。。fatala.a.veryseriousandhavinganimportantbadeffectinthefutureor(ofillness,accidents,etc.)causingdeath決定命命運(yùn)的的，致致命的的Globalwarmingisfataltotheworldandthereforescientistsinonewaveafteranothertrytoawakenustothegrowingthreatofglobalwarming.全球變變暖對對于世世界的的影響響是災(zāi)災(zāi)難性性的，，因此此科學(xué)學(xué)家們們不斷斷呼吁吁我們們要警警惕日日益嚴(yán)嚴(yán)重的的全球球變暖暖的危危險(xiǎn)。。Itisfataltodriveafterdrinkingalcoholandexceedthespeedlimit.Suchdrivinghabitscanleadtofatalaccidents.酒后駕駕車和和超速速駕駛駛會(huì)帶帶來嚴(yán)嚴(yán)重后后果。。這些些駕駛駛惡習(xí)習(xí)會(huì)導(dǎo)導(dǎo)致致致命的的車禍禍。deliberatea./vi./vt.(1)a.1.planned故意的的，蓄蓄意的的Heistheverywitnesswhotestifiesunderoaththatthefirewhichhadbrokenoutinthecompanywasdeliberate.他就是是那個(gè)個(gè)證人人，他他發(fā)誓誓證明明公司司發(fā)生生的火火災(zāi)是是有人人蓄意意放的的。2.moving,acting,orthinkingslowlyandusu.carefully謹(jǐn)慎的的，慎慎重的的Whenconfrontedwithsuchadelicatesituation,youaresupposedtotakedeliberateactions.面臨如如此微微妙的的局面面，你你應(yīng)該該采取取謹(jǐn)慎慎的行行動(dòng)。。deliberatea./vi./vt.(2)vt./vi.thinkortalkseriouslyandcarefullyabout認(rèn)真考考慮，，研討討Thesenatehasbeendeliberatingthequestionforthreedays.三天來參議議院一直在在仔細(xì)斟酌酌這個(gè)問題題。Theymettodeliberateonpossiblesolutionstotheproblem.他們開會(huì)仔仔細(xì)研討解解決問題的的辦法。classifyvt.dividethingsintogroupsaccordingtotype分類，歸類類Thebooksinthelibraryareclassifiedby/accordingtosubject.圖書館里的的書籍是按按題材分類類的。Wouldyouclassifyhernovelsasseriousliteratureorasmereentertainment?你認(rèn)為她的的小說屬于于“嚴(yán)肅文文學(xué)”類，，還是“純純娛樂”類類？wordthat…/of…關(guān)于·······的的消息關(guān)于食品價(jià)價(jià)格即將大大幅上漲的的消息在街街上傳得很快快。Wordthattherewouldbegreatincreaseinfoodpriceshasbeenspreadfastonthestreets.succeedindoingsth.成功地做了了某事如果他們成成功地達(dá)成成了?；饏f(xié)協(xié)議，聯(lián)合合國將派駐駐維和部隊(duì)隊(duì)。Iftheysucceedinestablishingacease-fire,theUNwillsendinpeace-keepingforces.draftguidelinesfor……為·······起草草指導(dǎo)方針針?biāo)χ鵀闉橄略碌难菅葜v比賽起起草演講稿稿。Shewasbusydraftingherspeechfornextmonth’sspeechcontest.fallinto可分成；屬屬于物以類聚，，人以群分分。Thingsofakindcometogether;heory在理論上你的計(jì)劃理理論上聽起起來不錯(cuò)，，但我不知知道實(shí)際上上是否行得得通。Yourplansoundsfineintheory,butIdon’tknowifitwillworkinpractice.beidenticalto/with與·······一模模一樣；就就等于他的意見似似乎和我的的一樣，這這真的是我我沒有料想想到的。Itseemsthathisopinionisidenticaltomine,ermsof從·······方面面（來說））；根據(jù)據(jù)；按照令我大為吃吃驚的是，，現(xiàn)在他考考慮任何事事情都從金金錢的角度度出發(fā)。Tomygreatsurprise,hethinksofeverythingintermsofmoneynow.beconcernedabout/over擔(dān)心，擔(dān)憂憂作為成年人人，我們應(yīng)應(yīng)該關(guān)注非非洲兒童的的健康成長長問題。Asadults,weshouldbedeeplyconcernedaboutthehealthygrowthofthechildreninAfrica.becomparable/similarto可與·······相相比；類似似于在一些人眼眼里，愛情情就像是個(gè)個(gè)迷宮，充充滿了誘惑惑和陷阱。。Intheeyesofsomepeople,loveiscomparabletoamaze,fullofluresandtraps.1.Typicalpatternsforadvancingone’sarguments原句:Ifclonedanimalscouldbeusedasorgandonors,wewouldn’thavetoworryaboutcloningtwinsfortransplants.(L.48)如果把克隆隆的動(dòng)物用用作器官捐贈(zèng)，，那我們就不不必考慮為器官移植植而克隆雙雙胞胎了。。句型提煉Ifsb./sth.couldbe/dosth.,wewouldn’thavetoworryabout(doing)sth.else.假如某人/某物物可能是/做某某事，我們們不必?fù)?dān)心心·······應(yīng)用：如果每個(gè)人人都能夠認(rèn)認(rèn)識(shí)到自然然資源并非非取之盡，，那我們就就不必再擔(dān)擔(dān)心人們對資源源的盲目開開發(fā)了。Ifeveryonecouldrealizenaturalresourcesarenotinexhaustible,wewouldn’thavetoworryaboutanyblindexploitationofthem.2.Typicalpatternsforcomparisonandcontrast(1)原句:LiketheTheoryofRelativity,thesplittingoftheatom,andthefirstspaceflight,Dolly’’sappearancehasgeneratedalonglistofdifficultpuzzlesforscientists,politicians,andphilosophers.(L.11)就像像相相對對論論、原子子裂裂變變和和第第一一次次太太空空飛飛行行一一樣樣，，多莉莉的的出出現(xiàn)現(xiàn)給給科學(xué)學(xué)家家、、政政治治家家和和哲哲學(xué)學(xué)家家們們提出出了了一長長串串難難以以解解答答的的問問題題。。Likesth.else,theappearance/arrival/birth/inventionofsth.newgenerates/produces/makes……像某某些些事事/物物一一樣樣，，某某事事/物物的的出出現(xiàn)現(xiàn)/誕誕生生/發(fā)發(fā)明明產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生生/帶帶來來了了············句型型提提煉煉應(yīng)用用：：就就像像歷歷史史上上的的任任何何一一場場戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)爭爭一一樣樣，，伊伊拉拉克克戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)爭爭給給世世界界帶帶來來了了一一長長串串的的戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)后后難難題題。。Likeanyotherwarsinhistory,theIraqwarhasgeneratedalonglistofdifficultpostwarproblemsfortheworld3.Typicalpatternsforshowingsb.’’sreactionstosth.原句句:InthewakeofWilmut’’sannouncement,governmentshurriedtodraftguidelinesfortheunknown,afuturefilledwithincrediblepossibilities.(L.6)就在在威爾爾莫莫特特宣宣告告成成功功之后后，為了了一一個(gè)個(gè)未未知知世世界界，，一一個(gè)個(gè)充充滿滿各各種種不不可可思思議議的的可可能能性性的的未未來來，，各國國政政府府立立即即起草草指指導(dǎo)導(dǎo)方方針針。。句型型提提煉煉Inthewakeofsth.,sb.hurries/beginsto……在某某事事之之后后，，某某人人急急著著/開開始始············應(yīng)用用：：那次次失失敗敗以以后后，，他他急急著著尋尋找找機(jī)機(jī)會(huì)會(huì)重重新新證證明明自自己己。。Inthewakeofthatfailure,hehurriedtolookforchancesofreprovinghimself.VocabularyTestDirections:ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.1.Tounderstandthe_______ofasituation,wehavetoknowsomethingaboutthekindofsituation.A.passagesB.relationsC.implicationsD.findingsC.implications2.Thetension______astheguestofhonorwasabouttoannouncethewinner.A.climbedB.raisedC.descendedD.mounted3.Isuspectthisis_______attempttodiscredittheircritics.A.anintentionalB.adeliberateC.apurposefulD.aconsidered4.Salariesfor______positionsseemtobehigherthanforpermanentones.A.legalB.optionalC.voluntaryD.temporaryD.mountedB.adeliberateD.temporary5.Researchuniversitieshavetokeepupwiththelatestcomputerandscientifichardware______price.A.onaccountofB.regardlessofC.inadditiontoD.nottomention6.Theship’’sgeneratorbrokedown,andthepumpshadtobeoperated______insteadofmechanically.A.manuallyB.artificiallyC.automaticallyD.synthetically7.Firstpublishedin1927,thechartsremainan______sourceforresearches.A.identicalB.indispensableC.intelligentD.inevitableB.regardlessofA.manuallyB.indispensable8.Harry_____hispantsattheseams(接縫)whenhebentover.A.slicedB.splitC.crackedD.broke9.Theboycyclinginthestreetwasknockeddownbyaminibusandreceived____injuries.A.fatalB.excessiveC.radicalD.exaggerated10.Rememberthatcustomersdon’t______aboutpricesinthatcity.A.debateB.consultC.disputeD.bargainB)splitA.fatalD.bargainDirections:Fillintheblankswiththephrasesgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.1.Ididn’tknowtheword.Ihadto_______adictionary.2.Airportsecuritywasextratight____________yesterday’sbombattacks.succeedindoingworkforwithinreachregardlessofbeidenticaltofallintoprovideforinthewakeofrefertointermsofbeconcernedaboutaswellrefertointhewakeof3.Theastronauts__________returningfromthemoontotheearthaccordingtotheplan.4.Hewentahead__________allwarningsaboutthedangerofhismission.5.Hehasnever________________whatotherpeoplethinkofhim.succeedindoingworkforwithinreachregardlessofbeidenticaltofallintoprovideforinthewakeofrefertointermsofbeconcernedaboutaswellsucceededinregardlessofbeenconcernedaboutsucceedindoingworkforwithinreachregardlessofbeidenticaltofallintoprovideforinthewakeofrefertointermsofbeconcernedaboutaswell6.__________customersatisfaction,thepolicycannotbecriticized.7.Hisbehavior__________betrayingus.8.Therulesofsafedriving______everyone.9.He’sgrownsomuchthatnoweventhetopofshelfis_____________.10.Thisbook_________theclassofmodernfiction.Intermsofisidenticaltoworkforwithin(his)reachfallsintoWriting感謝信LetterofThanks寫作方法參考范文appreciate感激appropriate恰當(dāng)?shù)腷eyondwords難以言表convey傳達(dá)awesome棒極了beobligedto感激的considerate體貼的indebted感恩的generous慷慨的grateful感激的gratitude感激之情heartfelt衷心的hospitality好客，熱情情款待thankful感謝的kindness好意thoughtful考慮周到的的understanding善解人意的的unselfishassistance無私的幫助助makelastingimpressions留下永久的的記憶cherish/treasure珍藏，珍視視extendheartfeltthanks表達(dá)衷心的的感謝UsefulwordsandphrasesUsefulSentencePatterns1.Iamgratefultoyoufor...我非常感激激你的………2.Iamgreatlyindebtedtoyouforallyouhavedoneforme.我十分感激你為我我所做的一一切。3.Itakethisopportunitytoexpresstoyoumydeepappreciationforthekindassistanceyourenderedme.我借此機(jī)會(huì)對對你所給予我我的幫助表示示深深的謝意意。4.Manythanksforyourkindnessandhospitality.多謝你的好意意和好客。5.Wordsfailtoconveymygratitudetoyou.感激之情，難以言表。UsefulSentencePatterns6.Thankssomuchforthegiftyousentme.It'soneofthemostwonderfulgiftsIgotonmybirthday.非常感謝你送給我的禮物,這是我生日時(shí)時(shí)收到的最好好的禮物之一一。7.Nothingwillbeabletoeraseourfondmemories,andwewillnurturethemforever.沒有什么能抹抹掉我們美好好的記憶，我們會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)銘銘記在心。WritingProcessOpening1.Statethepurposeofyourletter.表明寫信目的的。2.Expresssinceregratitudetothereceiver.向收信人表示誠摯的感感謝。WritingProcessBody1.Recallthehappyminute/event.回憶快樂時(shí)光光(事件)。2.Highlypraisethepastfavor.高度評價(jià)(贊賞)收信人的幫助。3.Listthereasonswhyyouaregratefultotherecipient.列舉為何對收信人心存感激。4.Expressyourfeeling.表達(dá)你的感受受(感情)。WritingProcessEnding1.Restateyourgreatappreciationforthefavorandhelprenderedtoyou.再次表達(dá)你對對收信人的幫助的謝意意。2.Expressyourwishtohavetheopportunitytoreciprocate/repaythepastfavor.希望有機(jī)會(huì)回回報(bào)收信人的好意和幫助助。WritingPracticeALetterofThanks1.向?qū)Ψ窖堊约旱郊壹依镒隹捅硎臼靖兄x。2.回憶在對方家庭度周末的快樂時(shí)光。3.再次表達(dá)達(dá)對對方款待的謝意。WritingPractice1.首先，，在引言部分分，應(yīng)表明自己的寫信目的，并向?qū)Ψ奖硎菊\誠摯的感謝。2.接著，，在正文部分分，回憶在對方家庭度周末的快樂時(shí)光?？梢詮囊韵孪聝牲c(diǎn)切入：：1）描寫對方的熱情款待2）表達(dá)自己心中的感受。3.最后，，在結(jié)尾部分分，應(yīng)再次表達(dá)對對對方款待的謝意，并表達(dá)希望有機(jī)會(huì)回回報(bào)對方的好好意和幫助的心情。ReferenceModelDearMr.Ng,ItisapleasuretowritethisletterbecauseitgivesmeanopportunitytotellyouhowmuchIenjoyedyourhospitalitylastweekend.ItwasmyfirstvisittoanAmericanfamilyand,atfirst,IwasveryanxiousaboutmylimitedEnglishandmyknowledgeofAmericancustoms.ThenIsawyouandyourchildrenwaitingformeatthestationwithwarmsmilesofwelcomeandyourwonderfulfamilyputmeateaserightaway.ReferenceModelTherearemanyhappymemoriesoftheweekendthatIwillkeepwithmeforever.Iwillrememberthatyoumademefeelathome.Thereweresomanynewanddifferentthingsformetoseeanddo.Iparticularlyenjoyeddrivingthroughthecountrysideandseeingthecharmingcolorsoftheleavesonthetrees.Ilikedplayingbaseballwithyourlovelysonanddaughter,ChainandLinda.Theywerepatientwithmeandfulloffun.TellthemIwillteachthemhowtoplaysoccernexttime.ReferenceModelIalsohadagoodtimeatthecommunitysquaredanceonSaturdaynight.Itwasmyfirstsquaredance,andIcannotforgethowfriendlyandkindeveryonearoundwas.IambackatschoolnowandIamveryhappybecauseIknownowarealAmericanfamilyanditisoneofthenicestfamiliesIhaveevermet.BecausemyEnglishisstillnotverygood,Icannotexpressmyfeelingsbetter.Icanonlysay"thankyou"andhopethatsomedayyouwillvisitmycountryandIcanreturnyourhospitality.Sincerelyyours,WendyWuSectionBWhowillTakeAdvantageofHumanCloningTableofContentsReadingComprehensionVocabularyStudyVocabularyTestReadingComprehension(1)1.Whydidthepublicfeelpanicatthenewsthatscientistshadclonedasheep?Becausetheywereworriedthathumancloningmaycomesoon.2.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardshumancloning?Whilehumancloningmightnotoffergreatbenefitstohumanity,noonehasyetmadeaconvincingcasethatitwoulddoanyrealharm,either.ReadingComprehension(2)3.Whoholdtheideathatcloningahumanconstitutesagrossattackonhumandignity?Theconservativespiritualleaders.4.Accordingtotheauthor,whydomanyofthevividwarningsofscience-fictionconcerningtheprospectofhumancloningturnouttobeimprobable?Becauseparentsofidenticaltwinsdon’tviewonechildasanorganfarmfortheother.ReadingComprehension(3)5.Whatistheotherdisturbingthoughtabouthumancloningmentionedinthepassage?Itwillleadtoeffortstobreedindividualswithgeneticqualitiesperceivedasdesirable.6.Inademocracywhatdowedoaboutthingswedon’’tknowwell?Wedon’’tpasslawsagainstthembeforethereisactualorprobableevidenceofharm.ReadingComprehension(4)7.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestweshoulddobeforewegoanyfurtherintotheexperimentofhumancloning?Torequireatemporarypauseonresearchintohumancloninginordertomakeasystematicenquiryintothegravequestionsitraises.8.Whatisthemoreimportantthingabouthumancloningaccordingtotheauthor?Itshouldbegovernedbythesamelawsthatnowprotecthumanrights.VocabularyStudypanicconstitutevoluntaryconsentartificialdisposeresumeattheprospectof/thatgrowoutofmakesenseturnout(tobe)perceiveascarryoutmakeanenquiryintopanicn./vt.n.(a)suddenverystrongfeelingofanxietyandfear恐慌，驚驚慌Whenthetheatercaughtfire,therewasapanicamongthecrowd.劇院失火火時(shí)，在在人群中中引起一一陣恐慌慌。Vt.(causesb./sth.to)beaffectedwithpanic（使）驚慌慌Whentheearthquaketookplace,hepanickedandranasfastashecouldtosafety.當(dāng)?shù)卣鸢l(fā)發(fā)生時(shí)他他很驚慌慌，趕快快跑到安安全地方方。constitutevt.1.beorbeconsideredas是，構(gòu)成成Correctgrammarandsentencestructuredonotinthemselvesconstitutegoodwriting.正確的語語法和句句子結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)本身并并不能構(gòu)構(gòu)成一篇篇好文章章。2.formormakeupsth.組成，構(gòu)構(gòu)成"England,Wales,Scotland,andNorthernIrelandconstitute/compose/makeuptheUnitedkingdom."英格蘭、、威爾士士、蘇格格蘭和北北愛爾蘭蘭組成聯(lián)聯(lián)合王國國。voluntarya.done,made,orgivenwillingly,withoutbeingforcedorpaidtodoit自愿的，，志愿的的Numerousvoluntaryorgandonorsareneededtohelpthosewhoarebadlyinneedoforgantransplant.要救助那些些急需器官官移植的病病人需要無無數(shù)的自愿愿的器官捐捐獻(xiàn)者。The2008OlympicGameswhichistobeheldinBeijingcallforinnumerablevolunteerswhowillmaketheircontributionstotheGamesinvariousaspects.將于2008年在北北京舉辦的的奧運(yùn)會(huì)需需要無數(shù)志志愿者在比比賽的各個(gè)個(gè)方面做出出自己的貢貢獻(xiàn)。consentn./vi.n.agreement同意，準(zhǔn)許許Shewaschosenbycommonconsenttogivethespeechonbehalfofthecommittee.vi.giveone’’sagreement同意，準(zhǔn)許許Accordingtothecontract,theycan’tpublishyournamewithoutyourconsent.Compare:contentn.文字作品的的主題內(nèi)容容Shewascontenttostepdownafterfouryearsaschiefexecutive.她在擔(dān)任了了四年主管管之后甘愿愿讓位。adj.滿意的,不不再有所所求的Weshouldnevercontentourselveswithalittlebookknowledgeonly.我們切不可可滿足于僅僅僅有一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)書本知知識(shí)。artificiala.1.madebypeople,oftenasacopyofsth.natural人造的，人人工的Thisbrandoftinnedbeanscontainsnoartificialcoloring.這種品牌的的罐裝青豆豆不含人造造色素。2.insincere;lackingtruefeeling矯揉造作的的Icantellheislyingfromtheartificialsmileonhisface.我從他臉上上虛假的笑笑容中可以以看出他在在撒謊。artificialflowers假花artificialintelligence人工智能disposevi./vt.1.getridofsb./sth.thatonedoesnotwantorcannotkeep擺脫，扔掉掉，處理Wehavetodisposeofthispileofoldpapersandmagazines.我們得把這這堆舊報(bào)紙紙和雜志處處理掉。2.arrange;placesb./sth.inasuitableway安排，布置置Manproposes.Goddisposes.謀事在人，，成事在天天。resumevt.(1)begin(sth.)againorcontinue(sth.)afterstoppingforatime再繼續(xù)，恢恢復(fù)Hestoppedtodrinksomewaterandthenresumedspeaking.他停下來喝喝了點(diǎn)水然然后繼續(xù)講講話。Inrecentyearsthetraditionalfriendshipbetweenthepeopleofthesetwocountrieshasresumedanddeveloped.近幾年來，，這兩國人人民之間的的傳統(tǒng)友誼誼得到了恢恢復(fù)和發(fā)展展。resumevt.(2)Compare:assumev.承擔(dān)責(zé)任,假定assumeresponsibility/thepresidency/controlTheexpertsassumethatthepriceswouldrise.presumev.推測，假定定;是指指在沒有證證據(jù)表明結(jié)結(jié)果是相反反的情況下下認(rèn)定某事事是合理的的，無可非非議的，或或者是可能能的Ipresumeyou'retiredafterthelongride.Wecannotpresumetheexistenceoflifeonotherplanets.consumev.吃光光：：消消耗耗：：花花費(fèi)費(fèi)；；consumptionn.attheprospectof當(dāng)意意識(shí)識(shí)到到……可可能能時(shí)時(shí)Attheprospectofverypotentialprofitsthatweretobederived,thesmallenterprisesparednoeffortstoprepareforthenegotiationswiththefamouscompany.一想想到到可可能能從從談?wù)勁信兄兄蝎@獲得得的的潛潛在在的的利利潤潤，，這這家家小小企企業(yè)業(yè)不不遺遺余余力力地地準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)備備與與那那家家有有名名的的公公司司進(jìn)進(jìn)行行談?wù)勁信小?。Theyoungstersetoffhome,smilingtohimselfattheprospectofsurprisinghisfamilywithgoodnews.小伙伙子子面面帶帶笑笑容容啟啟程程回回家家，，期期待待著著他他的的好好消消息息能能給給家家人人一一個(gè)個(gè)驚驚喜喜。。Mostinternationalfirmshavegrownoutofsmallfamilybusinesses.大多多數(shù)數(shù)國國際際公公司司是是由由小小的的家家庭庭企企業(yè)業(yè)發(fā)發(fā)展展而而成成的的。。growoutof由………而生生，起起因于于Theideagrewoutofaremarkmadeunthinkinglybythechairman.這個(gè)主主意源源于主主席一一句不不經(jīng)意意的話話。growfrom由...長長大;由由...發(fā)發(fā)展起起來growin增加;在在...方方面成成長growinto成長為為;變變得得成熟熟有經(jīng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)growup長大;成成人[熟];興興起起;發(fā)發(fā)展展growupinto長大成成為………歸納記記憶:grow構(gòu)成的的短語語動(dòng)詞詞Whatyou’’vesaidmakesnosense.歸納記記憶:sense構(gòu)成的的短語語bringsb.tohissenses使某人人恢復(fù)復(fù)理性性cometoone’ssenses(昏迷后后)蘇蘇醒過過來inone’’srightsenses有理性性；神神志清清醒outofone’’ssenses失去理理智，，精神神錯(cuò)亂亂inasense從某種種意義義上說說makesenseof理解，，弄懂懂·········的意意思makesense(話等等)有有意義義；有有道理理Thingsturnedouttobeexactlyastheprofessorhadforeseen.后來證證實(shí)事事情是是完全全按照照教授授的預(yù)預(yù)見發(fā)發(fā)展的的。歸納記記憶:turn構(gòu)成的的短語語turnagainst(使)變變成和和·········敵對對turndown減弱；；拒絕絕，不不接受受turnin睡覺；；上交交turnto向·········求助助；求求得安安慰turnup出現(xiàn)turnupsidedown把·········倒過過來；；把·········完完全顛顛倒turnout(tobe)證實(shí)是是，原原來是是Theywillnotbeperceivedasenemies.Onthecontrary,wewillregard/thinkof/viewthemasfriendswhoaretobereliedupon.他們不不會(huì)被被當(dāng)作作敵人人來對對待，，相反反，我我們會(huì)會(huì)把他他們看看成可可信賴賴的朋朋友。。perceive……as:see…/thinkof….consider…/view……asperceive……as視為，，當(dāng)作作Heisperceivedasastrongcandidateforthejob.他被認(rèn)認(rèn)為是是這份份工作作的強(qiáng)強(qiáng)有力力的人人選。。Ifmyinstructionshadbeencarriedout,theaccidentwouldnothavehappened.如果按按照我我的指指令操操作，，事故故就不不會(huì)發(fā)發(fā)生了了。Everypossibletestwascarriedouttodecidethenatureofherillness.為了確確定她她的病病情，，一切切能做做的化化驗(yàn)都都做過過了。。carryout進(jìn)行，，實(shí)施施makeanenquiryinto調(diào)查，，打聽聽EversincetheoutbreakofSARS,medicalexpertshavebeenmakingenquiriesintoitscausesandthepossibleremedyforit.自從非非典爆爆發(fā)以以來，，醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)專家家一直直在對對其病病因和和可能能的治治療方方法進(jìn)進(jìn)行調(diào)調(diào)查。。Anenquiryisbeingmadeintothediseasescausedbysmoking.抽煙引起起的疾病病正在調(diào)調(diào)查研究究中。VocabularyTestDirections:Fillintheblankswiththephrasesgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.1.Howto_______thenuclearwasteisapressingproblemforscientistsandpoliticiansalike.passonperceiveasturnoutmakesenseforthesakeofcarryonseekoutdisposeoftakeadvantageofinthenameofsendintogrowoutofdisposeofpassonperceiveasturnoutmakese