初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)主謂一致講解及練習(xí)

初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)主謂一致講解及練習(xí)初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)主謂一致講解及練習(xí)初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)主謂一致講解及練習(xí)資料僅供參考文件編號(hào)：2022年4月初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)主謂一致講解及練習(xí)版本號(hào)：A修改號(hào)：1頁(yè)次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：中考語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)主謂一致主謂一致的概念。所謂主謂一致是指“主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”之間,即（主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)和單復(fù)數(shù)形式）決定著（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞對(duì)應(yīng)的形式）。主謂一致的種類(lèi)一、【語(yǔ)法一致】1.<and連接>兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上單數(shù)名詞或者代詞作主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有以下兩種情況：(1)如果指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上不同的人或事物的時(shí)候,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Heandshe_____bothstudentsofthisschool.

他和她都是這個(gè)學(xué)校的學(xué)生。（2）如果連接兩個(gè)以上的名詞指的是同一個(gè)人或物,或者指同一概念的時(shí)候,謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)。Thesingeranddancer____goingtogiveusaperformance.那個(gè)歌唱家兼舞蹈演員要給我們表演。Theknifeandfork____onthetable.刀叉在桌子上。2.如果主語(yǔ)是<不定式,動(dòng)詞ing形式或主語(yǔ)從句>的時(shí)候,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。Whenheiscomingseemsveryimportant.他什么時(shí)候要來(lái)看起來(lái)很重要。Collectingstampsishishobby.收集郵票是他的愛(ài)好。Toloveherisnottobreakherwings.愛(ài)她就不該折斷她自由飛翔的翅膀。3.定語(yǔ)從句的<關(guān)系代詞who,which,that>在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，要與<先行詞>的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)保持一致。Thosewhoenjoysingingmayjoinus.Tom,whoisyourfriend,shouldhelpyou.with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,besides,like,without,except,but,including如果句子中有這些連接詞和主語(yǔ)連用,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)<隨主語(yǔ)的變化>而變化（就近原則）。例如：Theteacher,togetherwithhisstudents,isplantingtreesinthestreet.老師和他的學(xué)生們正在街道上植樹(shù)。二、[意義一致原則]指主謂一致取決于主語(yǔ)的其實(shí)際意義。（有的主語(yǔ)名詞在形式上是單數(shù),但在意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù)；有的主語(yǔ)名詞在形式上是復(fù)數(shù),但在意義上卻是單數(shù)。）1.不定代詞all,more,some,any,none作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞視情況而定。Alloftheapples____rotten.所有的蘋(píng)果都爛了。Alloftheapple____rotten.整個(gè)蘋(píng)果都爛了。Noneofthemoney_____left.沒(méi)有剩下一點(diǎn)錢(qián)。Noneofthestudents_____there.沒(méi)有學(xué)生在那里。2.therestof;halfof;partof;majorityof;percentof;onethirdof在句子中加名詞作主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,<謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與of后面的名詞保持一致>。Halfofthestudents_____finishedtheircomposition.一半的學(xué)生已經(jīng)完成了他們的作文。Halfoftheapple____bad.一半的蘋(píng)果壞了。About60percentofthestudentsinourschool____boys.我們學(xué)校,大約百分之六十的學(xué)生是男生.3.集合名詞作主語(yǔ),動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù),也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。主要由句子的意思決定。強(qiáng)調(diào)整體謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；指全體人員時(shí),動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。這一類(lèi)常見(jiàn)的集合名詞有public,family,class,crowd,population,team,group。Hisfamily____goingout.他們?nèi)乙獬?。Hisfamily____allmusiclovers.他們?nèi)胰硕际且魳?lè)愛(ài)好者。4.某些名詞如people,police,cattle等,形式上是單數(shù),但意義上是復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。people指“民族”時(shí)是例外。Thepolicearesearchingforathief.Thecattleareeatinggrassonthehill.5.復(fù)合不定代詞作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)，如someone,somebody,something,anybody,anyone,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing。Someoneisaskingforyou.有人找你。Nothingisfoundintheroom.在屋子里什么也沒(méi)找到。6.一些有兩個(gè)部分構(gòu)成的名詞表示衣物或工具作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，例如：glasses,clothes,trousers,shoes,compasses,chopsticks,scissors等。但如果主語(yǔ)用“akindof,apairof,aseriesof等加名詞”構(gòu)成時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如：Thepairofshoesiswornout.這雙鞋破了。Theshoesarewornout.鞋子破了。7.某些名詞以s結(jié)尾如maths,politics,physics,news,plastics等，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)。Physicsisaveryinterestingsubject.物理是一門(mén)很有趣的學(xué)科。8.以anumberof作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);以thenumberof作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Anumberofnewbooksareonthedesk.Thenumberofstudentsinyouclassis50.9.有些名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式一樣,作主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由上下文決定,這一類(lèi)名詞有:means,works,deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese,spacecraft等。Noteverymeansisuseful.不是每種方法都好使。Notallmeansareuseful.不是所有的方法都好使。10.書(shū)刊名、時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。Thirtyyearsisnotalongtime.RootsisafamousAmericannovel.三、[就近原則]either...or;neither...nor;notonly...butalso在句子中連接主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候或者在therebe句型中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和就近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。NeitheryounorIamwrong.Thereisacupofteaandsomeapplesonthetable.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherwishesforaholiday.[注意事項(xiàng)]1.“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由“alotof,lotsof,plentyof,alargequantityof,aheapof,heapsof,halfof+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與短語(yǔ)中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致,這是因?yàn)槎陶Z(yǔ)中后面的名詞是中心詞,而短語(yǔ)中前面的量詞是修飾語(yǔ)。例如:Lotsofdamagewascausedbyfire.Aboutthree-fourthsoftheearth’ssurfaceiscoveredwithwater.Three-fifthsoftheworkersherearewomen.和這種情況類(lèi)似的還有“anumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”。但是,“thenumberof+名詞”的中心詞卻是number。試比較：Anumberofstudentshavegonetothecountrysidetohelpwiththeautumnharvest.Thenumberofpagesinthisbookistwohundred.主謂一致專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)題1.EitherJaneorSteven_____watchingTVnow.

A.were

B.is

C.was

D.are2.Twodays_______enoughformetofinishthework,Ineedathirdday.

A.isn’t

B.is

C.aren’t

D.are

3.—Howmanylessonsdoyouusuallyhaveaday

—Sixlessonsaday.Andeachofthem_____45minutes.

A.last

B.lasts

C.have

D.are

4.NeitherLiPingnorI_______abasketballplayer.

A.am

B.is

C.be

D.are

5.There______manynewwordsinlessonone,Itisveryeasy.

A.is

B.aren’t

C.isn’t

D.are

6.Thenumberofthestudentsinourschool____1200.

A.is

B.are

C.has

D.have

7.Maths_______myfavoritesubject.

A.be

B.is

C.am

D.are8.Theboywiththetwodogs_____whentheearthquakerockedthecity.

A.weresleeping

B.issleeping

C.wassleeping

D.aresleeping

9.EveryoneexceptTomandJohn_____therewhenthemeetingbegan.

A.are

B.is

C.were

D.was

10.Thatplaceisnotinterestingatall,____ofuswantstogothere.

A.Neither

B.Both

C.All

D.Some

11.NobodybutJane_____thesecret.

A.know

B.knows

C.haveknow

D.is

12.—What’sontheplateSomeeggsandcakesonit

—There_____someeggsandcakesonit.

A.is

B.are

C.was

D.were

13.Thispairofglasses______mine.

A.are

B.be

C.is

D.willbe

14.BothLilyandLucy______tothepartyyesterday.

A.invited

B.wasinvited

C.hadinvited

D.wereinvited15.—Twomonths______quitealongtime.

—Yes,I’mafraidthathewillmisslotsofhislessons.

A.is

B.are

C.was

D.were

16.Inthecitytheold_______.

A.takegoodcareof

B.aretakengoodcareof

C.istakengoodcareof

D.arebeentakengoodcareof

17.Hisfamily_____allverykindandfriendly,Hisfamily______ahappyone.

A.are,is

B.is,is

C.are,are

D.is,are

18.Thesingerandthedancer_____cometoBeijing.

A.has

B.have

C.are

D.is

19.Thechildreninthisclasseach_____newschoolbags.

A.have

B.has

C.hasgot

D.arehaving

20.Allbutone_____herejustnow.

A.is