上海市崇明區(qū)2019屆高三英語(yǔ)一模

上海市崇明區(qū)2019屆高三英語(yǔ)一模上海市崇明區(qū)2019屆高三英語(yǔ)一模上海市崇明區(qū)2019屆高三英語(yǔ)一模資料僅供參考文件編號(hào)：2022年4月上海市崇明區(qū)2019屆高三英語(yǔ)一模版本號(hào)：A修改號(hào)：1頁(yè)次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：崇明區(qū)2019屆第一次期末質(zhì)量檢測(cè)試卷英語(yǔ)I.ListeningComprehensionII.GrammarandVocabularySectionAElectricBikeBaninNewYorkHurtsFoodDeliveryWorkers AbanonelectricbicyclesinNewYorkCityishurtingdeliveryworkerswhodependonthemtoearnaliving.Manyoftheworkersareimmigrants.Electricbicycles,or“e-bikes,”looklikeregularbicycles,buttheyhaveelectric-poweredmotorstoassistridersinmovingthebikeforward.Moste-bikesreachspeedsofabout32kilometersanhour,butsomecangomuch(21)________(fast).(22)________itislegaltoowne-bikesinNewYorkCity,itisnotlegaltooperatethem.Officialsthereconsiderthedangeroususeofe-bikesonstreetsandsidewalksasreason(23)________theban.Lastyear,thecityannouncedseveremeasures(24)________(mean)toholde-bikeridersandrestaurantsthatemploytheridersresponsible.E-bikeoperatorscannowbefined$500forbreakingtheban.Thepolice(25)________alsoseizethebikes.ManyofNewYork’sdeliveryworkersareChineseimmigrantsintheir50sand60s.Theirjobrequiresthemtoworkquicklyandforlonghours(26)________(earn)enoughmoneytoliveon.DeliveryworkerDeqingLiansaiditisimportanttoperformqualitywork(27)________theirjobalsodependsontips.Headdedthatwhendeliveryworkersaretooslow,somepeoplerefusetopayforthefood.Thismakestheworkers’supervisorsangry.LiqiangLiuisane-bikedeliveryworkerandspokespersonfortheNewYorkDeliveryWorkersUnion.Hesays(28)________(catch)breakingthebanandhavingthebikeseizedwouldcausecostlydelaysforworkers.DoLeeiswiththeBikingPublicProject,(29)________providesassistancetobicycle-relatedworkersinNewYorkCity.Hesaysthecity’sbanone-bikesisunfairlytargetinglow-paidworkerswholargelycomefromthecity’sLatinoandAsiancommunities.Hedoesnotaccepttheargument(30)________e-bikespresentadangertocitizens.However,manyNewYorkersarequicktoblamee-bikeridersfornotbeingsafe.SectionBA.overateB.preciousC.rateD.researchersE.impressionF.previousG.presentedH.interpretI.goersJ.revealedK.consumerPeopleThinkMealsTasteBetterIfTheyAreExpensive Itissaidthatthere’snosuchthingasafreelunch,butevenifyoumanagetobagabargainmeal,itwillnottasteasgoodasamoreexpensivemeal,accordingtoscientists.Anewstudyhasfoundthatrestaurant__31__whopaymorefortheirmealsthinkthefoodistastierthanifitisofferedforasmallerprice.Theexpertsthinkthatpeopletendtoassociatecostwithqualityandthischangestheir__32__ofhowfoodtastes.ScientistsatCornellUniversityinNewYorkstudiedtheeatinghabitsof139peopleenjoyinganItalianbuffet(自助餐)inarestaurant.Thepriceofthefoodwassetbythe__33__ateither$4or$8fortheall-you-can-eatmeal.Customerswereaskedto__34__howgoodthefoodtasted,thequalityoftherestaurantandtoleavetheirnames.Theexperiment__35__thatthepeoplewhopaid$8forthefoodenjoyedtheirmeal11percentmorethanthosewhoatethe“cheaper”buffet.Interestinglythosethatpaidforthe$4buffetsaidtheyfeltguiltieraboutloadinguptheirplatesandfeltthatthey__36__.However,thescientistssaidthatbothgroupsatearoundthesamequantityoffoodintotal,accordingtothestudy__37__attheExperimentalBiologymeetingthisweek.BrianWansink,aprofessorof__38__behaviorattheuniversity,said:“Wewerefascinatedtofindthatpricinghaslittleimpactonhowmuchoneeats,butahugeimpactonhowyou__39__theexperience.”Hethinksthatpeopleenjoyedtheirfoodmoreastheyassociatedcostwithqualityandthatsmallchangestoarestaurantcanchangehowtastypeoplefindtheirmeals.Ina(n)__40__study,scientistsfromtheuniversityshowedthatpeoplewhoeatindimlightingconsume175lesscalories(卡路里)thanpeoplewhoeatinbrightlylitareas.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionAHowClimateChangeAffectsAirlineFlights HotweatherhasforceddozensofcommercialflightstobecanceledatairportsintheSouthwestthissummer.Thisflight-disturbing__41__isawarningsign.Climatechangeisprojectedtohavefar-reaching__42__--includingsealevelrisefloodingcitiesandshiftingweatherpatternscausinglong-termdeclinesinagriculturalproduction.Andthereisevidencethatitisbeginningtoaffectthetakeoffperformanceofcommercialaircraft,withpotentialeffectsonairline__43__. Nationalandglobaltransportationsystemsandtheeconomicactivitytheysupporthavebeendesignedfortheclimateinwhichitalldeveloped.Intheaviation(航空)industry,airportsandaircraftaredesignedfortheweatherconditionsexperienced__44__.Becausetheclimateischanging,evenfundamentalelementslikeairportsandkeyeconomicpartslikeairtransportationmayneedtobe__45__. Asscientistsfocusedontheimpactsofclimatechangeandextremeweatheronhumansocietyandnaturalecosystemsaroundtheworld,ourresearchhasquantifiedhowextremeheatassociatedwithourwarmingclimatemayaffect__46__aroundtheworld.We’vefoundthatmajorairportsfromNewYorktoDubaitoBangkokwillseemorefrequenttakeoffweight__47__inthecomingdecadesduetoincreasinglycommonhottemperatures,whichcanhelpreducetheaircraft’sweightsoastoloweritsrequiredtakeoffspeed. Thereisobviousevidencethatextremeeventssuchasheatwavesandcoastalfloodingarehappeningwithgreaterfrequencyandintensitythanjustafewdecadesago.Andifwe__48__toreducegreenhousegasemissionssignificantlyinthenextfewdecades,thefrequencyandintensityoftheseextremesisprojectedtoincreasedramatically. The__49__onaviationmaybewidespread.Manyairportsarebuiltnearsealevel,puttingthematriskofmorefrequent__50__asoceansrise.Thefrequencyandintensityofviolentairmovementmayincreaseinsomeregionsduetostrengtheninghigh-altitude(高海拔的)wind.Strongerwindswouldforceairlinesandpilotstochangeflightlengthsandroutines,potentiallyincreasingfuel__51__. Manydepartmentsoftheeconomy,includingtheaviationindustry,haveyettoseriously__52__theeffectsofclimatechange.Thesooner,thebetter:Bothairportconstructionandaircraftdesigntakedecades,andhave__53__effects.Today’snewestplanesmaywellbeflyingin40or50years,andtheir__54__arebeingdesignednow.Theearlierclimateimpactsareunderstoodandappreciated,themoreeffectiveandlesscostlyadaptationcanbe.Thoseadaptationsmayevenincludeinnovativewaystodramaticallyreduceclimate-alteringemissionsacrosstheaviationindustry,whichwouldhelpreducetheproblemwhilealso__55__it.41. A.scheme B.heat C.shift D.mess42. A.contributions B.confusions C.feedbacks D.consequences43. A.pilots B.reservations C.costs D.accidents44. A.historically B.enormously C.fundamentally D.domestically45. A.retested B.implemented C.prospected D.reengineered46. A.travels B.developments C.flights D.communications47. A.disorders B.gains C.bans D.restrictions48. A.happen B.fail C.aim D.promise49. A.taxes B.effects C.viewpoints D.comments50. A.flooding B.rotting C.repairing D.transferring51. A.standard B.efficiency C.distribution D.consumption52. A.consider B.avoid C.maximize D.demonstrate53. A.greater B.different C.lasting D.direct54. A.airports B.products C.contracts D.replacements55. A.sneezingat B.respondingto C.resultingin D.recoveringfromSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Fluiskillingus.Theusualresponsetotheannualfluisnotenoughtofightagainsttheriskswecurrentlyface,letaloneprepareusforanevendeadlierwidespreadfluthatmostexpertsagreewillcomeinthefuture.Yes,wehaveanannualvaccine(疫苗),andeveryonequalifiedshouldgetitwithoutquestion.Thereality,however,isthatlessthanhalfAmericansgetthefluvaccines.Andthefluvaccineswehaveareonly60%effectiveinthebestyearsand10%effectiveintheworstyears.Weurgentlyneedamuchmoreeffectivefluvaccine.IntheU.Salone,seasonalflucancauseupto36millioninfections,three-quartersofamillionhospitalizationsand56,000deaths.Wearenotinvestingtheresourcesneededtoprotectourselves,ourlovedonesandourcommunities.WhynotWehaven’tbeenhitbyatrulydestructivewidespreaddiseaseinalongtime.Soasindividuals,weletdownourguardasourleadersquietlydefundanddistafftheservicesweneedtoprotectus.Theriskofcontinuedfootdraggingishuge.Inaseverewidespreaddisease,theU.Shealthcaresystemcouldbedefeatedinjustweeks.Millionsofpeoplewouldbeinfectedbythevirus,andwoulddieintheweeksandmonthsfollowingtheinitialoutbreak.Thecostofpreventingepidemics(流行病)isroughlyatenthofwhatitcoststocopewiththemwhentheyhit.In2012,acallwasissuedforanannualbillion-dollarU.S.commitmenttothedevelopmentofauniversalfluvaccine.Sixyearslater,thesearchforauniversalvaccineremainedseriouslyunderfunded.Thesimplereasonliesinourcollectivesatisfaction.Assoonasheadlinesaboutthefluaregoinghospitalsareemptiedofflupatients,andschoolandworkplaceabsenceratesdeclines,wegobacktobusinessasusual.Leadingscientistsandpublichealthofficialshavethecapabilitytokeepusmuchsaferfromflu.Theyneedyourquickanddecisivesupporttosucceed.Youractiontodaymaybeamatteroflifeanddeathforyouandyourlovedones.56.Theproblemofthecurrentfluvaccinesisthat__________.A.theyarenotavailableeveryyearB.mostAmericansarenotallowedtogetthemC.noteveryoneisqualifiedforthemD.manypeoplestillcatchfluaftergettingthem57.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“continuedfootdragging”inParagraph4?A.Hospitalscannotmeettheneedsofpatientsduringfluoutbreaks.B.TheleaderscontinuetodragthefeetofthepatientsinfectedwithfluC.Individualsaren’talertenoughtotheunderinvestmentinfluprevention.D.Fluwillcertainlybecomeaseverewidespreaddiseaseinnearfuture.58.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Scienceiscurrentlynotsodevelopedastokeepussaferfromflu.B.Thedeathfromfluismuchhigherthanthatfromotherdiseases.C.Thegeneralpublicispartiallytoblamefortheneglectoffluprevention.D.Developingauniversalfluvaccinewillcostmorethandealingwithflu.59.Theauthorwrotethepassagemainlyto_______-.A.teachpeoplemoreeffectivewaystofightagainstfluB.callonpeopletotakefluoutbreaksfarmoreseriouslyC.encouragemedicalscientiststodevelopmorefluvaccinesD.urgethegovernmenttopublicizetherisksofwidespreadflu.(B)HowtogetyourtaxrefundAtthestoreGetaGlobalBlueTaxFreeForm.IfyoudonothaveaSHOPTAXFREECard,see”HowtofillinyourTaxFreeForms.”MakesureyourTaxFreeFormisfilledinbeforearrivingatthepointofdeparture.Remembernorefundwithout:CompletedReceiptsCustomsFormattachedvalidation(驗(yàn)證)AtthepointofdepartureFornon-EUresidentsonlyGoodscarriedinchecked-inluggage.1.Checkyourluggageinatthecheck-incounter;tellthecheck-inclerkyouneeditbackforCustomspurposes.2.TakethelabelledluggagetoCustoms,showthegoods,andhaveyourTaxFreeFormsstamped.3.CashinyourstampedFormattheappropriaterefundserviceprovider._____________________________________________________________________________Goodscarriedinhandluggage:1.GotoCustomsafterpassportcontrol,showthegoods,andhaveyourTaxFreeFormsstamped.Pleasenote:CustomsclearanceofgoodsinhandluggagecanonlytakeplaceatthelastEUairportbeforeyoufinallyleavetheEU.2.CashinyourstampedFormattheappropriatebankcounterorpostittotheappropriaterefundserviceprovider.______________________________________________________________________________Allowtimefortherefundprocess.GotoCustomsbeforeoraftercheck-in,seeRefundOfficelist.PresentyourcompletedTaxFreeForms,receipts,passport,andpurchaseditemstogetastamp.GotoaRefundOfficedisplayingtheGlobalBluelogo(標(biāo)識(shí)).Receiveyourrefundpaidtoyourcreditcardwithinfivedaysorincash.InarushMailyourstampedandcompletedTaxFreeFormsandreceiptsbacktousintheenvelopeprovidedandgetyourrefundpaidtoyourcreditcardwithinthreeweeks.EU:EuropeanUnion.60.Whomistheaboveinformationintendedfor?A.EUresidentswhowanttogettheirtaxrefunded.B.Non-EUresidentswhoaregoingtotravelinEU.C.EUresidentswhohaveGlobalBlueTaxFreeFormsD.Non-EUresidentswhoareleavingEUafterpurchase.61.Togetyourtaxrefund,youneedto________afterhavingyourluggagecheckedinifyou’veputyourpurchasedgoodsinyourcheck-inluggage.A.showyourpurchasedgoodstothecheck-inclerkB.cashinyourstampedFormatthecheck-incounterC.takebackyourluggagetotheCustomstogetastampD.gototheCustomstofillinaformwithouttheluggage.62.Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?A.It’samusttoattachthereceiptstotheformtogetyourtaxrefundB.It’sunnecessarytoshowyourpassporttotheCustomsforastampC.YoucangetyourrefundincashafterpostingyourformifinahurryD.Youcangetyourrefundbycreditcardatonceattheappropriatecounter.(C)Aportraitcreatedbyartificialintelligence,orAI,madeahistoricappearanceontheauction(拍賣(mài))blockatChristie’sinNewYorkCity.Itisthefirstartworkcreatedbyanalgorithm(算法)tobeofferedforauctionintheworldoffineart.Theodd-lookingpaintingofafictitiousmaninadarkfrockcoatlefttheauctionblockatChristie’sforawhoppingUS$432,500onOct.25inNewYorkCity.Theportrait—designedinthe“OldMaster”stylereminiscentofEuropeanfineartistsfromcenturiesago—onlypartiallyfillsthecanvas,leavingemptyspacearoundthecentralfigure.Itappearstorepresentamanwithablurredface,dressedinclothingsimilartothatwornbysubjectspaintedbytheDutchartistRembrandtvanRijninthe17thcentury.Ofcourse,acomputerdidn’tautomaticallypickupabrushandbecomeanartist.TheAIthatcreatedtheimagehadhumanprogrammers---aParisianartcollectivecalledObvious,Christie’sreported.Theircooperation,titled“PortraitofEdmondDeBelamy,”ispartofaseriesofpaintingsofthefictionalBelamyfamilyandwasexpectedtofetch$7,000to$10,000,accordingtoChristie’s.Tocreatetheportrait,theObviousteamfirstfedthenetworkadietof15,000imagespaintedbetweenthe14thand20thcenturies,totrainittorecognizevisualelementsinfineart,ObviousartistsHugoCaselles-Dupre’toldChristie’s.Thealgorithmthateventuallycreatedanoriginalimagehadtwopartsthatworkedagainsteachother,calledtheGenerator(thatmakestheart)andaDiscriminator(thattriestospotthedifferencebetweenhuman-createdandAI-createdimages),Caselles-Dupre’explained:theycalledthisAI“generateadversarialnetwork”(GAN),Casells-Dupre’explained.GAN’sfinalimagewasthenprintedandframed,accordingtoObvious.Atthebottomeoftheportraitisamathematicalformula(公式)representingthealgorithmthatcreatedit,anodtotherelationshipbetweentheGeneratorandtheDiscriminator,Obviousartistswroteonthecollective’swebsite.ThegoalofthepaintingandofObvious,alsoco-foundedbyHugoCaselles-DupreandGauthierVernier,wastoprove“artificialintelligencecandomorethanoperatedriverlesscarsortransformmanufacturing---itcanbecreative,”ConsumerNewsandBusinessChannelreported.PortraitureisatoughtaskforAItotakeon,accordingtoChristie’s,“sincehumansarehighlyaccustomedtothecurvesandcomplexitiesofafaceinawaythatamachinecannotbe.”ThisdifficultywaspartofObvious’thinkingwhentheycreatedtheportrait.“EdmonddeBelamy”isoneofelevenAIpaintingsmadebyObvious.63.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethattheportrait“EdmonddeBelamy”________.A.wassoldatanunexpectedhighpriceB.wasthefirstartworksoldatanauctionC.isapaintingcreatedbymeansofbrushD.isamanwhoonceappearedattheauction64.Tocreateaportrait,AIneedsto________.A.learnfromplentyofimagesB.useanalgorithmwithmanypartsC.workagainsthumanpaintersD.recognizeitshumanprogrammers65.Whatcanbeconcludefromthepassage?A.Themathematicalformulaatthebottomoftheportraitismeaningless.B.TheportraitwasmadetoprovealgorithmsareabletoimitatecreativityC.ItismoredifficultforAItooperatedriverlesscarsthantopaintaportrait.D.AIisbetteratpaintingthecurvesandcomplexitiesofafacethanahuman66.Thepassagemainlytellsusthat________.A.AIwillsoonreplacemaninsomefieldsB.anAI-createdportraitsellshighatanauctionC.aproperalgorithmisthekeyforAItocreateartD.AI-createdpaintingsarebetterreceivedatauctionsSectionCA.It’sthatlong-termexposurethatexpertsfindmostworrisome.B.Carmanufacturersareunawareofstandardsregulatingairqualityinsidenewcars.C.Thisiswhencomponentsarestillunstableandtendtowardswhatiscalledoff-gassing.D.Justreadingalistofthesubstancesisscaryenough,andthedangerofexposureisscarierstill.E.Thesourceofthesmellsomanybuyersfindappealingisinthevarioussubstancesusedincarconstruction.F.Fortunately,highconcentrationsofthesecompoundsgraduallydisappearjustafewmonthsaftermanufacture.IsNew-carSmellBadforYourHealth?Thesmellofanewcarcanbeappealinginshowrooms,forwhichthere’sagoodreason.Thatnewcarsmellcomesfromamixtureofchemicals,someofwhichcanbehighlypoisonous._____________.Manyofthesecontainvolatile(揮發(fā)性的)organiccompounds(VOCs),someofwhichcanbedeadlyinsufficientquantities.Othersarejustbadforyou.“It’sachemicalcocktailmadeupoflotsofpoisonoussubstances,”saidJeffGearhart,ResearchDirectoroftheEcologyCenterintheUSstateofMichigan.TheEcologyCenterhasbeenmonitoringandtestingchemicallevelsintheinsideofthecarforyears,andhasnotedsomeimprovement.ButGearhartsaysthereisstillworktobedone.“Thereareover200chemicalcompoundsfoundinvehicles,”hesaid.“Sincethesechemicalsarenotregulated,consumershavenowayofknowingthedangerstheyface.”___________Immediatesymptomscanrangefromasorethroattoheadaches,dizziness,etc.,dependingonthesensitivityofanindividual.AccordingtotheUSenvironmentalProtectionAgency,continuedexposuretosomeofthesecanleadtoreproductiveimpactsanddamagetosomeorgansandcentralnervoussystem----orevencancer.___________.Thedangeristhegreatestwhenthecarisnew,andthenewcarsmellismostnoticeable._________Itisthereleaseofchemicalvapours,whichleadstothesmell.Heatfromavehicleleftinthesuncanmakemattersworse,andspeedupthechemicalreaction.Thedangerisreducedovertime,andexpertssaytheworstisusuallywithinaboutsixmonths.Expertsadvisethebestthingthatbuyerscandotolimitexposureistokeeptheinsideofthecarwellventilated(通風(fēng)的),especiallyduringthefirstmonthsofownership.Parkintheshadewiththewindowsopenwhenit’ssafetodoso,oratleasttrytoairitoutbeforegettinginside----especiallyonhotdays.IV.SummaryWritingTakeCareofYourSpine(脊柱)Thespinestandsatthecenterofyourhealth,providingyourbodywithstructureandsupport.Italsocontainsyourspinalcord,amassivecollectionofnervesthatsendselectricsignalsfromtherestofyourbodytoyourbrain.Therefore,it’simportanttotakecareofit.Maintainingyourgoodpostureisoneofthemostimportantthingsyoucandotokeepyourspinehealthy.Properposturemeansstandingorsittingwhilekeepingyourspinestraight,exceptforitsnaturalcurves.Posturecomesintoplayevenwhenyou’reasleep.Sleepingonyoursideputslessstressonyourspinethanmostotherpositions.Havingacomfortablebedisalsoveryimportantassleepinginapositionthatisn’tcomfortablecanleaveyourbackfeelingsorethenextday.Exerciseisalsoanimportantfactorinthehealthofyourspine.Stayingstillfortoolong---evenifyourpostureisgood---canbehardonyourback.Especiallyifyouworkatadeskmostoftheday,it’simportanttogetupandstretchperiodically.Stretchescanhelpthemusclesaroundyourspinerelaxandallowbonestoshiftintobetterpositions.Strengthexercisewithlightweightsorbodyweightexerciseslikepushupscanalsobystrengtheningthemusclesaroundyourspine.However,don’toverdotheexercise,asrepeatedmotionscanhurtthemusclesaroundyourspine.Yourdietalsoaffectsthehealthofyourspinebecausemanyvitaminsarenecessaryforbonesandnerves.Inparticular,Bvitaminshelpkeepnerveshealthy,soyoumaywanttoconsidertakingasupplement(補(bǔ)充物).AnotherimportantfactorisvitaminD,whichisessentialforstrongbones,butit’salsoabsorbedfromsunlight,soitmayhelptodosomeofthosebackexercisesoutside.V.TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.72.科學(xué)家們驚嘆于這些植物對(duì)城市環(huán)境的快速適應(yīng)。（adaption）73.我妹妹的課堂筆記一向一目了然，值得學(xué)習(xí)。（enough）74.那些源自中國(guó)古代文學(xué)的角色在這個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲里獲得了新生。(originate)75.經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的必然趨勢(shì)，它是不以人類(lèi)意志力為轉(zhuǎn)移的。（independent）VI.GuidedWritingDirections:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.76.中華中學(xué)為了進(jìn)一步規(guī)范學(xué)校的社團(tuán)建設(shè)，提高社團(tuán)活動(dòng)的品質(zhì)，向廣大師生征求意見(jiàn)。假設(shè)你是該學(xué)校學(xué)生王敏，寫(xiě)一封電子郵件給負(fù)責(zé)社團(tuán)的林老師，就你所了解的1-2個(gè)學(xué)校社團(tuán)發(fā)表意見(jiàn)。你的郵件需包括：1.你所了解的學(xué)校社團(tuán)的現(xiàn)狀（亮