高三英語總復(fù)習(xí)語法專項訓(xùn)練課件

高三英語總復(fù)習(xí)語法專項訓(xùn)練非謂語動詞作定語和狀語高三英語總復(fù)習(xí)語法專項訓(xùn)練非謂語動詞作定語和狀語1一、非謂語動詞的概念非謂語動詞是指動詞不定式、動名詞和分詞。它們是動詞的非限定形式。在句子中它們起著一些特殊的作用。以下簡要介紹它們各自的構(gòu)成、作用及應(yīng)用。一、非謂語動詞的概念非謂語動詞是指動詞不定式、動名詞和分詞。2二、動詞不定式不定式(todo)可以作狀語和定語。(一)作定語1.

動詞不定式與其修的詞之間往往有動賓關(guān)系,如果該不定式是不及物動詞,

其后有必要的介詞。例如：He‘s

apleasant

fellow

to

work

with.There's

nothing

to

worry

about.2.

有些名詞后常跟不定式作定語。例如:time,reason,chance,right,

ability,

willingness,need,

wish,plan等。Women

should

have

the

right

to

receive

education.There

is

no

time

to

hesitate.3.

the

first,

the

second,

the

last,

the

best

等之后用不定式做定語。The

monitor

will

be

the

first

to

come.He

was

the

last

man

to

blame.二、動詞不定式不定式(todo)可以作3(二)作狀語1.

作目的狀語:不定式作狀語時,

一般置于句子末尾。但是,

如果表示強調(diào),

亦可置于句首。(其否定形式為:

nottodo)He

went

to

Shanghai

to

visit

his

parents.To

save

the

earth,

we

must

prevent

the

earth

from

beingpolluted.I

shut

the

door

quietly,

so

as

not

to

wake

the

baby.2.

作結(jié)果狀語:We

came

home

after

our

holiday

to

find

our

garden

neat

and

tidy.She

left

home,

never

to

return

again.(二)作狀語43.

作原因狀語:不定式做原因狀語時,

一般放在句子末尾。She

burst

into

laughter

to

see

his

funny

action.The

boy

was

shocked/surprised

to

see

the

frightening

scene.4.

作獨立成分有些固定詞組帶to不定式,

表明說話人的立場或態(tài)度,

在句中作獨立成分。這些詞有:tobe

honest；to

begin

with；to

tell

(you)the

truth等。To

tell

you

the

truth,

I

have

never

been

to

Beijing.To

be

honest,

I

have

never

heard

of

Winston

Churchill.3.

作原因狀語:5三、動名詞動名詞由動詞原形加詞尾-ing構(gòu)成.它同時具有動詞及名詞特征。(以下主要介紹其做定語及狀語的情況。)1.

作定語None

is

allowed

to

smoke

in

the

waiting

room.The

speeding

car

came

to

a

stop

all

of

a

sudden.2.

置于介詞后作狀語介詞+動名詞可以作狀語用,

表示時間、原因、目的、讓步、方式等。例如：Afterfinishingthejob,hewenthome.They

went

to

Manchester

with

the

object

of

winning

the

World

Championship.He

was

blamed

for

having

done

something

wrong.三、動名詞動名詞由動詞原形加詞尾-ing構(gòu)成6四、分詞現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種。分詞可以在句中作狀語及定語。(一)現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別主要表現(xiàn)在語態(tài)和時間概念上。在語態(tài)上,現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動意思,

過去分詞表示被動意思。在時間上,

現(xiàn)在分詞表示動作正在進(jìn)行,

過去分詞則表示動作已完成（定語中）。developing

countries(發(fā)展中國家)developed

countries(發(fā)達(dá)國家)the

touching

tale(動人的傳說)the

touched

audience(受感動的觀眾)

aworriedlook/face（焦急的臉）四、分詞現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種。分詞可以在句中作狀語及定語。7(二)現(xiàn)在分詞的用法現(xiàn)在分詞可在句中作定語和狀語。1.

作定語現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時多置于它所修飾的名詞前:This

is

a

pressing

question.這是一個緊迫的問題。He

asked

an

embarrassing

question.他提了一個令人難堪的問題。（現(xiàn)在分詞亦可置于它所修飾的名詞之后:There

were

no

soldiers

drilling.）

現(xiàn)在分詞短語一般皆置于其修飾的名詞之后:A

little

child

learning

to

walk

often

falls.The

men

working

here

are

all

from

the

rural

areas.(二)現(xiàn)在分詞的用法82.

現(xiàn)在分詞用作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞（短語）可用作狀語,

表示時間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。(1)表示時間Climbing

to

the

top

of

the

tower,

we

saw

a

nice

view.He

went

out

shutting

the

door

behind

him.強調(diào)與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生時,

現(xiàn)在分詞之前可用連詞when或while:When

leaving

the

airport,

they

waved

again

to

us.While

flying

over

the

Channel,

the

pilot

saw

what

he

thoughtto

be

a

particularstar.

2.

現(xiàn)在分詞用作狀語9(2)表示原因Being

sick,

I

stayed

at

home.She

caught

cold

sitting

on

the

grass.(3)表示條件Using

this

method,

we’ll

raise

the

average

yield

by

40%.Turning

right,

you

will

find

a

path

leading

to

his

cottage.(4)表示讓步Admitting

what

she

has

said,

Istillthink

hasn't

tried

her

best.(2)表示原因10(5)表示方式或伴隨情況He

ran

up

to

her,

breathing

heavily.Please

fill

in

the

form,

giving

your

name,

address,

etc.It

rained

heavily,

causing

severe

flooding

in

that

country.It

rained

for

two

weeks,

completely

ruining

our

holiday.(5)表示方式或伴隨情況11____lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingslept(2001春季高考第21題)

Multiplechoice2____aletterfromherparents,Lilyisnowlookingforwardto___fromthem.Havingnotreceived;hearB.Notreceived;hearC.Nothavingreceived;hearingD.Receivingnot;hearingV.+ingphrases:

appreciate;avoid;can’thelp;consider;enjoy;escape;finish;giveup;imagine;insiston;keep(on);mind;miss…,devoteoneselfto;payattentionto;beusedto;getdownto…AC____lateinthemorning,Bob12不定式不定式的作用1[例1]NMET2000第19題I’veworkwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat___inmyjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expectsB解析該題考查疑問+不定式在句中做賓語的用法。英語中有一些動詞后可以跟一個疑問詞的不定式做賓語，如：tell,discuss,know,show,learn,decide,wonder,explain…不定式不定式的作用1[例1]NMET2000第19題13解析[例2]NMET1999第21題Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake.B不定式不定式的作用1因為主語是thepurpose，在（purpose,wish,promise,plan）后常跟不定式，故表語要用不定式，to不能省略，因此構(gòu)成thepurposeisto…notto…do句型，故選B。解析[例2]NMET1999第21題Thepurp14不定式的時態(tài)2[例3]NMET1997第12題Iwouldlove_____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegoneD不定式解析該題考查動詞不定式做賓語的用法。Wouldlove(like)to是固定搭配，因此B、C、不合題意。Wouldlove+不定式一般式，表示“想，希望”，而接不定式完成式則表示“原本希望而未曾實現(xiàn)”的意思。不定式的時態(tài)2[例3]NMET1997第12題Iwo15[例4]NMET1999第14題Robertissaid____abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyD.tohavebeenstudyingA常和不定式完成式連用的動詞還有：Wouldlove,meant,hoped,planned,expected,promised,wish等

例如：Imeanttohavetelephonedyou,butIforgot.解析[例4]NMET1999第14題Robertis16不定式不定式的否定形式3[例5]NMET1996年Thepatientwaswarned____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteatC解析

該題考查不定式的否定式作主補。要注意warn后跟詞方式，①

warnsb.nottodosth.②warnsb.againstdoingsth.該題應(yīng)該用①結(jié)構(gòu)另外，not應(yīng)放在to之前。在大多數(shù)的動詞可接不定式短語做賓補，只有少數(shù)動詞（五個看see,watch,notice,observe,lookat；三使役make,let,have;二聽listento,hear等）須接不帶to的不定式做賓補。不定式不定式的否定形式3[例5]NMET1996年17過去分詞

過去分詞主要考查其在句中作狀語、定語、表語和補語的用法。1.作狀語[例1]NMET1996第23題_____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.ToloseC解析1.該題考查過去分詞作狀語的用法。動詞-ing或過去分詞作狀語，其邏輯主語應(yīng)是主語。2.“陷入深思”有兩種表達(dá)法，A.LoseoneselfinthoughtB.belostinthought,按句子提供的語境可用結(jié)構(gòu)B.過去分詞過去分詞主要考查其在句中作狀語、定語、表語和補語的18過去分詞2.作定語[例2]NMET1997第17題TheOlympicGames,___in776B.C.didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayingD.tobefirstplayingA解析①過去分詞做定語與其修飾詞之間是動賓關(guān)系且過去分詞表示的動作以完成。②現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示動作正在發(fā)生，與修飾詞是主謂關(guān)系。③不定式作定語表示將要發(fā)生的動作。所以A是正確的。Firstplayedin776B.C.=whichwasfirstplayedin776B.C.過去分詞2.作定語[例2]NMET1997第17題The19過去分詞3.作表語[例3]NMET1998第23題Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget____bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topayC解析該題考查分詞作表語的用法?！皌opaysb.bythehour”計時給某人報酬。此題被動結(jié)構(gòu)作表語。類似的有：getburnt,gethurt,getwounded.過去分詞3.作表語[例3]NMET1998第23題Cle20V.-ing形式v.-ing形式主要考查其在句子中作定語和狀語的用法[例]NMET1998

Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,___itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomakeA解析V.-ing形式v.-ing形式主要考查其在句子中作定語21解析Makingitthepopularsportintheworld為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，這類分詞短語常放在句子的后面,ing表示順其自然，不定式表示突然，出乎意料。如：Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Herushedtothepostofficeonlytofinditwasclosed解析Makingitthepopularsport22歷年高考題1.Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldn’tmakehimself____.(NMET9134)A.hearB.tohearC.hearingD.heard2.Onafternoon,MrsGreenwenttothemarket,____somebananasandvisitedhercousin.(NMET9123)A.boughtB.buyingC.tobuyD.writing

3.--Iusuallygotherebytrain.--Whynot____byboatforachange?(NMET9214)A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing4.____areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.(MET9239)A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived歷年高考題1.Thespeakerraisedhis235.Howaboutthetwoofus____awalkdownthegarden?(MET9317)A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetaking6.____downtheradio----thebaby’sasleepinthenextroom.(MET9324)A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnedD.Turn7.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.(MET9334)A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented

8.---Imustapologizefor____aheadoftime.---That’sallright.(MET9421)A.lettingyounotknowB.notlettingyouknowC.lettingyouknownotD.lettingnotyouknow9.

Ratherthan___onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers____abicycle.(NMET9422)A.ride;rideB.riding;rideC.ride;torideD.toride;riding5.Howaboutthetwoofus___24

10.Themissingboyswerelastseen____neartheriver.(NMET9425)A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay11.Thefirsttextbooks____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.(NMET9434)A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written12.---Youwerebraveenoughtoraisedobjectionsatthemeeting.---Well,nowIregret____that.(NMET9526)A.todob.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone13.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_____.(NMET9535)A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto14.---WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?---____hernewbicycle.(97上海13)A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing10.Themissingboyswerel2515.Shecan’thelp____thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.

(97上海12)

A.tocleanB.cleaningC.cleanedD.beingcleaned16.Shelooksforwardeveryspringto_____theflower-linedgarden.

(95上海20)

A.visitB.payingavisitC.walkinD.walkingin17.Whileshopping,peoplesometimecan’thelp____intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.(96上海14)A.

topursueB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded

18.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.(NMET9921)A.

notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake19.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_____.(99上海19)A.haveitdoB.haveitdoneC.havedoneitD.havingitdone20.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor____“Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.”(NMET9925)A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading15.Shecan’thelp____th265.Mrs.Smithwarnedherhusband_____afterdrinkingagainandagain.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive6.Tomasteraforeignlanguage,______.A.alotofpracticeisneededB.itneedsalotofpracticeC.practiceisinneedofD.oneneedsalotofpractice

20.Thelibraryneeds______,butit’llhavetowaituntilSunday.A.cleaningB.becleanedC.cleanD.beingcleaned4.Ourfatheroftentoldusinthepastthat_____isbelieving.A.toseeB.seeingC.seeD.tobeseen1.Hegaveussomeadviceonhow____English.A.learningB.learnedC.tolearnD.learn2.It’sapayday，andtheyarewaiting____.A.payB.payingC.paidD.tobepaid3.---Alettermaybetooslow.----Whynot____atelegram.A.trysendingB.trytosendC.totrysendingD.tryingtosend鞏固練習(xí)CDABAD5.Mrs.Smithwarnedherhusband271._____isagoodofexerciseforboththeyoungandtheold.A.ThewalkB.WalkingC.TowalkD.Walk2.Whenandwheretobuildthenewpowerstation______yet.A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided3.Is______necessarytochangetrainsatBeijing?A.this B.that C.it D.he4.Ourfatheroftentoldusinthepastthat_____isbelieving.A.toseeB.seeingC.seeD.tobeseen5.Shepretended____theletterIwrotethedaybeforeyesterday.A.nottoreceiveB.notreceivingC.nottohearfromD.havingnotreceived6.Ican’timagine_____thatwithsuchafamousauthor.A.workB.toworkC.tobeworkingD.workingNon-infinitive1._____isagoodofexercisef287.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_____onabigrockbythesideofthepath.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest8.Doyouconsider___anygoodattemptingmanyscientificexperiments?A.thereB.itC.thisD.that9.I’mthirsty.Wouldyoupleasegivemesomething________.A.drunkB.todrinkC.tobedrunkD.fordrinking10.Therewasaterriblenoise_______thesuddenburstoflight.A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed11．Mrs.Smithwarnedherhusband_____afterdrinkingagainandagain.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverrive12.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher____upfromchildhood.A.growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrow13.Believeitornot,hewasseen______upstairsjustnow.A.togoB.togoingC.havinggoneD.go7.Shereachedthetopoftheh2914.Itwassocoldthattheykeptthefire____allnight.A.toburnB.burnC.burningD.burned15.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands_behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied16.Tomasteraforeignlanguage,______.A.alotofpracticeisneeded B.itneedsalotofpracticeC.practiceisinneedof D.oneneedsalotofpractice17._________areply,hedecidedtowriteasixthletter.A.NotreceivingB.NottoreceiveC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived18.LittleJimshouldlove_____tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking19.—Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?—Oh,excellent.It’sworth______asecondtime.A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread20.Thelibraryneeds______,butit’llhavetowaituntilSunday.A.cleaningB.becleanedC.cleanD.beingcleaned14.Itwassocoldthattheyke3021-35BDBDACABCCBDACC36-55CBDBAADBCACDCBDACCDAU10-1221-35BDBDACABCCBDACCU10-131HappyNewYear!!!HappyNewYear!!!32高三英語總復(fù)習(xí)語法專項訓(xùn)練非謂語動詞作定語和狀語高三英語總復(fù)習(xí)語法專項訓(xùn)練非謂語動詞作定語和狀語33一、非謂語動詞的概念非謂語動詞是指動詞不定式、動名詞和分詞。它們是動詞的非限定形式。在句子中它們起著一些特殊的作用。以下簡要介紹它們各自的構(gòu)成、作用及應(yīng)用。一、非謂語動詞的概念非謂語動詞是指動詞不定式、動名詞和分詞。34二、動詞不定式不定式(todo)可以作狀語和定語。(一)作定語1.

動詞不定式與其修的詞之間往往有動賓關(guān)系,如果該不定式是不及物動詞,

其后有必要的介詞。例如：He‘s

apleasant

fellow

to

work

with.There's

nothing

to

worry

about.2.

有些名詞后常跟不定式作定語。例如:time,reason,chance,right,

ability,

willingness,need,

wish,plan等。Women

should

have

the

right

to

receive

education.There

is

no

time

to

hesitate.3.

the

first,

the

second,

the

last,

the

best

等之后用不定式做定語。The

monitor

will

be

the

first

to

come.He

was

the

last

man

to

blame.二、動詞不定式不定式(todo)可以作35(二)作狀語1.

作目的狀語:不定式作狀語時,

一般置于句子末尾。但是,

如果表示強調(diào),

亦可置于句首。(其否定形式為:

nottodo)He

went

to

Shanghai

to

visit

his

parents.To

save

the

earth,

we

must

prevent

the

earth

from

beingpolluted.I

shut

the

door

quietly,

so

as

not

to

wake

the

baby.2.

作結(jié)果狀語:We

came

home

after

our

holiday

to

find

our

garden

neat

and

tidy.She

left

home,

never

to

return

again.(二)作狀語363.

作原因狀語:不定式做原因狀語時,

一般放在句子末尾。She

burst

into

laughter

to

see

his

funny

action.The

boy

was

shocked/surprised

to

see

the

frightening

scene.4.

作獨立成分有些固定詞組帶to不定式,

表明說話人的立場或態(tài)度,

在句中作獨立成分。這些詞有:tobe

honest；to

begin

with；to

tell

(you)the

truth等。To

tell

you

the

truth,

I

have

never

been

to

Beijing.To

be

honest,

I

have

never

heard

of

Winston

Churchill.3.

作原因狀語:37三、動名詞動名詞由動詞原形加詞尾-ing構(gòu)成.它同時具有動詞及名詞特征。(以下主要介紹其做定語及狀語的情況。)1.

作定語None

is

allowed

to

smoke

in

the

waiting

room.The

speeding

car

came

to

a

stop

all

of

a

sudden.2.

置于介詞后作狀語介詞+動名詞可以作狀語用,

表示時間、原因、目的、讓步、方式等。例如：Afterfinishingthejob,hewenthome.They

went

to

Manchester

with

the

object

of

winning

the

World

Championship.He

was

blamed

for

having

done

something

wrong.三、動名詞動名詞由動詞原形加詞尾-ing構(gòu)成38四、分詞現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種。分詞可以在句中作狀語及定語。(一)現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別主要表現(xiàn)在語態(tài)和時間概念上。在語態(tài)上,現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動意思,

過去分詞表示被動意思。在時間上,

現(xiàn)在分詞表示動作正在進(jìn)行,

過去分詞則表示動作已完成（定語中）。developing

countries(發(fā)展中國家)developed

countries(發(fā)達(dá)國家)the

touching

tale(動人的傳說)the

touched

audience(受感動的觀眾)

aworriedlook/face（焦急的臉）四、分詞現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種。分詞可以在句中作狀語及定語。39(二)現(xiàn)在分詞的用法現(xiàn)在分詞可在句中作定語和狀語。1.

作定語現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時多置于它所修飾的名詞前:This

is

a

pressing

question.這是一個緊迫的問題。He

asked

an

embarrassing

question.他提了一個令人難堪的問題。（現(xiàn)在分詞亦可置于它所修飾的名詞之后:There

were

no

soldiers

drilling.）

現(xiàn)在分詞短語一般皆置于其修飾的名詞之后:A

little

child

learning

to

walk

often

falls.The

men

working

here

are

all

from

the

rural

areas.(二)現(xiàn)在分詞的用法402.

現(xiàn)在分詞用作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞（短語）可用作狀語,

表示時間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。(1)表示時間Climbing

to

the

top

of

the

tower,

we

saw

a

nice

view.He

went

out

shutting

the

door

behind

him.強調(diào)與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生時,

現(xiàn)在分詞之前可用連詞when或while:When

leaving

the

airport,

they

waved

again

to

us.While

flying

over

the

Channel,

the

pilot

saw

what

he

thoughtto

be

a

particularstar.

2.

現(xiàn)在分詞用作狀語41(2)表示原因Being

sick,

I

stayed

at

home.She

caught

cold

sitting

on

the

grass.(3)表示條件Using

this

method,

we’ll

raise

the

average

yield

by

40%.Turning

right,

you

will

find

a

path

leading

to

his

cottage.(4)表示讓步Admitting

what

she

has

said,

Istillthink

hasn't

tried

her

best.(2)表示原因42(5)表示方式或伴隨情況He

ran

up

to

her,

breathing

heavily.Please

fill

in

the

form,

giving

your

name,

address,

etc.It

rained

heavily,

causing

severe

flooding

in

that

country.It

rained

for

two

weeks,

completely

ruining

our

holiday.(5)表示方式或伴隨情況43____lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingslept(2001春季高考第21題)

Multiplechoice2____aletterfromherparents,Lilyisnowlookingforwardto___fromthem.Havingnotreceived;hearB.Notreceived;hearC.Nothavingreceived;hearingD.Receivingnot;hearingV.+ingphrases:

appreciate;avoid;can’thelp;consider;enjoy;escape;finish;giveup;imagine;insiston;keep(on);mind;miss…,devoteoneselfto;payattentionto;beusedto;getdownto…AC____lateinthemorning,Bob44不定式不定式的作用1[例1]NMET2000第19題I’veworkwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat___inmyjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expectsB解析該題考查疑問+不定式在句中做賓語的用法。英語中有一些動詞后可以跟一個疑問詞的不定式做賓語，如：tell,discuss,know,show,learn,decide,wonder,explain…不定式不定式的作用1[例1]NMET2000第19題45解析[例2]NMET1999第21題Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake.B不定式不定式的作用1因為主語是thepurpose，在（purpose,wish,promise,plan）后常跟不定式，故表語要用不定式，to不能省略，因此構(gòu)成thepurposeisto…notto…do句型，故選B。解析[例2]NMET1999第21題Thepurp46不定式的時態(tài)2[例3]NMET1997第12題Iwouldlove_____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegoneD不定式解析該題考查動詞不定式做賓語的用法。Wouldlove(like)to是固定搭配，因此B、C、不合題意。Wouldlove+不定式一般式，表示“想，希望”，而接不定式完成式則表示“原本希望而未曾實現(xiàn)”的意思。不定式的時態(tài)2[例3]NMET1997第12題Iwo47[例4]NMET1999第14題Robertissaid____abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyD.tohavebeenstudyingA常和不定式完成式連用的動詞還有：Wouldlove,meant,hoped,planned,expected,promised,wish等

例如：Imeanttohavetelephonedyou,butIforgot.解析[例4]NMET1999第14題Robertis48不定式不定式的否定形式3[例5]NMET1996年Thepatientwaswarned____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteatC解析

該題考查不定式的否定式作主補。要注意warn后跟詞方式，①

warnsb.nottodosth.②warnsb.againstdoingsth.該題應(yīng)該用①結(jié)構(gòu)另外，not應(yīng)放在to之前。在大多數(shù)的動詞可接不定式短語做賓補，只有少數(shù)動詞（五個看see,watch,notice,observe,lookat；三使役make,let,have;二聽listento,hear等）須接不帶to的不定式做賓補。不定式不定式的否定形式3[例5]NMET1996年49過去分詞

過去分詞主要考查其在句中作狀語、定語、表語和補語的用法。1.作狀語[例1]NMET1996第23題_____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.ToloseC解析1.該題考查過去分詞作狀語的用法。動詞-ing或過去分詞作狀語，其邏輯主語應(yīng)是主語。2.“陷入深思”有兩種表達(dá)法，A.LoseoneselfinthoughtB.belostinthought,按句子提供的語境可用結(jié)構(gòu)B.過去分詞過去分詞主要考查其在句中作狀語、定語、表語和補語的50過去分詞2.作定語[例2]NMET1997第17題TheOlympicGames,___in776B.C.didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayingD.tobefirstplayingA解析①過去分詞做定語與其修飾詞之間是動賓關(guān)系且過去分詞表示的動作以完成。②現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示動作正在發(fā)生，與修飾詞是主謂關(guān)系。③不定式作定語表示將要發(fā)生的動作。所以A是正確的。Firstplayedin776B.C.=whichwasfirstplayedin776B.C.過去分詞2.作定語[例2]NMET1997第17題The51過去分詞3.作表語[例3]NMET1998第23題Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget____bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topayC解析該題考查分詞作表語的用法。“topaysb.bythehour”計時給某人報酬。此題被動結(jié)構(gòu)作表語。類似的有：getburnt,gethurt,getwounded.過去分詞3.作表語[例3]NMET1998第23題Cle52V.-ing形式v.-ing形式主要考查其在句子中作定語和狀語的用法[例]NMET1998

Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,___itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomakeA解析V.-ing形式v.-ing形式主要考查其在句子中作定語53解析Makingitthepopularsportintheworld為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，這類分詞短語常放在句子的后面,ing表示順其自然，不定式表示突然，出乎意料。如：Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Herushedtothepostofficeonlytofinditwasclosed解析Makingitthepopularsport54歷年高考題1.Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldn’tmakehimself____.(NMET9134)A.hearB.tohearC.hearingD.heard2.Onafternoon,MrsGreenwenttothemarket,____somebananasandvisitedhercousin.(NMET9123)A.boughtB.buyingC.tobuyD.writing

3.--Iusuallygotherebytrain.--Whynot____byboatforachange?(NMET9214)A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing4.____areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.(MET9239)A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived歷年高考題1.Thespeakerraisedhis555.Howaboutthetwoofus____awalkdownthegarden?(MET9317)A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetaking6.____downtheradio----thebaby’sasleepinthenextroom.(MET9324)A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnedD.Turn7.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.(MET9334)A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented

8.---Imustapologizefor____aheadoftime.---That’sallright.(MET9421)A.lettingyounotknowB.notlettingyouknowC.lettingyouknownotD.lettingnotyouknow9.

Ratherthan___onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers____abicycle.(NMET9422)A.ride;rideB.riding;rideC.ride;torideD.toride;riding5.Howaboutthetwoofus___56

10.Themissingboyswerelastseen____neartheriver.(NMET9425)A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay11.Thefirsttextbooks____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.(NMET9434)A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written12.---Youwerebraveenoughtoraisedobjectionsatthemeeting.---Well,nowIregret____that.(NMET9526)A.todob.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone13.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_____.(NMET9535)A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto14.---WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?---____hernewbicycle.(97上海13)A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing10.Themissingboyswerel5715.Shecan’thelp____thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.

(97上海12)

A.tocleanB.cleaningC.cleanedD.beingcleaned16.Shelooksforwardeveryspringto_____theflower-linedgarden.

(95上海20)

A.visitB.payingavisitC.walkinD.walkingin17.Whileshopping,peoplesometimecan’thelp____intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.(96上海14)A.

topursueB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded

18.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.(NMET9921)A.

notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake19.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_____.(99上海19)A.haveitdoB.haveitdoneC.havedoneitD.havingitdone20.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor____“Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.”(NMET9925)A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading15.Shecan’thelp____th585.Mrs.Smithwarnedherhusband_____afterdrinkingagainandagain.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive6.Tomasteraforeignlanguage,______.A.alotofpracticeisneededB.itneedsalotofpracticeC.practiceisinneedofD.oneneedsalotofpractice

20.Thelibraryneeds______,butit’llhavetowaituntilSunday.A.cleaningB.becleanedC.cleanD.beingcleaned4.Ourfatheroftentoldusinthepastthat_____isbelieving.A.toseeB.seeingC.seeD.tobeseen1.Hegaveussomeadviceonhow____English.A.learningB.learnedC.tolearnD.learn2.