新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第三冊(cè)課文原文加翻譯

新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第三冊(cè)課文原文加翻譯新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第三冊(cè)課文原文加翻譯新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第三冊(cè)課文原文加翻譯xxx公司新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第三冊(cè)課文原文加翻譯文件編號(hào)：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準(zhǔn)審核制定方案設(shè)計(jì)，管理制度新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第三冊(cè)課文翻譯Unit1AMybrother,Jimmy,didnotgetenoughoxygenduringadifficultdelivery,leavinghimwithbraindamage,andtwoyearslaterIwasborn.Sincethen,myliferevolvedaroundmybrother’s.Accompanyingmygrowingupwasalways“gooutandplayandtakeyourbrotherwithyou”.Icouldn’tgoanywherewithouthim,soIurgedtheneighborhoodkidstocometomyhouseforsomeout-of-controlkid-centeredfun我哥哥吉米出生時(shí)遇上難產(chǎn)，因?yàn)槿毖鯇?dǎo)致大腦受損。兩年后，我出生了.從此以后，我的生活便圍繞我哥哥轉(zhuǎn)。伴隨我成長(zhǎng)的，是“到外面去玩，把你哥哥也帶上?！辈粠纤?，我是哪里也去不了的。因此，我慫恿鄰居的孩子到我家來(lái)，盡情地玩孩子們玩的游戲。MymothertaughtJimmypracticalthingslikehowtobrushhisteethorputonbelt.Myfather,asaint,simplyheldthehousetogetherwithhispatienceandunderstanding.IwasinchargeoutsidewhereIadministeredjusticebytrackingdowntheparentsofthekidswhopickedonmybrother,andtellingonthem.我母親教吉米學(xué)習(xí)日常自理，比如刷牙或系皮帶什么的.我父親宅心仁厚，他的耐心和理解使一家人心貼著心。我則負(fù)責(zé)外面的事，找到那些欺負(fù)我哥哥的孩子們的父母，告他們的狀，為我哥哥討回公道。MyfatherandJimmywereinseparable.Theyatebreakfasttogetherandonweekdaysdroveofftothenavyshippingcentereverymorningwheretheybothworked-Jimmyunloadedcolor-codedboxes.Atnightafterdinner,theywouldtalkandplaygameslateintotheevening.Theyevenwhistledthesametunes.父親和吉米形影不離。他們一道吃早飯，平時(shí)每天早上一道開(kāi)車去海軍航運(yùn)中心，他們都在那里工作，吉米在那搬卸標(biāo)有彩色代號(hào)的箱子。晚飯后，他們一道交談，玩游戲，直到深夜。他們甚至用口哨吹相同的曲調(diào)。Sowhenmyfatherdiedofaheartattackin1991,Jimmywasawreck,beneathhiscarefuldisguise.Hewassimplyindisbelief.Usuallyveryagreeable,henowquitspeakingaltogetherandnoamountofwordscouldpenetratethevacantexpressionheworeonhisface.Ihiredsomeonetolivewithhimanddrivehimtowork,butnomatterhowmuchItriedtomakethingsstaythesame,evenJimmygraspedthattheworldhe’dknownwasgone.OnedayIasked,”YoumissDad,don’tyou?”Hislipsquiveredandthenheasked,“Whatdoyouthink,Margaret

Hewasmybestfriend.”O(jiān)urtearsbeganflow.所以，父親1991年因心臟病去世時(shí)，吉米幾乎崩潰了，盡管他盡量不表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。他就是不能相信父親去世這一事實(shí)。通常，他是一個(gè)令人愉快的人，現(xiàn)在卻一言不發(fā)，無(wú)論說(shuō)多少話都不能透過(guò)他木然的臉部表情了解他的心事。我雇了一個(gè)人和他住在一起，開(kāi)車送他去上班。然而，不管我怎么努力地維持原狀，吉米還是認(rèn)為他熟悉的世界已經(jīng)消失了。有一天，我問(wèn)他：“你是不是想念爸爸”他的嘴唇顫抖了幾下，然后問(wèn)我：“你怎么看，瑪格麗特他是我最好的朋友?！苯又覀z都流下了眼淚。

MymotherdiedoflungcancersixmonthslaterandIalonewaslefttolookafterJimmy.六個(gè)月后，母親因肺癌去世，剩下我一人來(lái)照顧吉米。Hedidn’tadjusttogoingtoworkwithoutmyfatherrightaway,sohecameandlivedwithmeinNewYorkCityforawhile.HewentwhereverIwentandseemedtoadjustprettywell.Still,Jimmylongedtoliveinmyparents’houseandworkathisoldjobandIpledgedtohelphimreturn.Eventually,Iwasabletoworkitout.Hehaslivedtherefor11yearsnowwithmanydifferentcaretakersandblossomedonhisown.Hehasbecomeessentialtotheneighborhood.Whenyouhaveanymailtobepickeduporyourdogneedswalking,heisyourman.吉米不能馬上適應(yīng)去上班時(shí)沒(méi)有父親陪著，因此搬來(lái)紐約和我一起住了一段時(shí)間。我走到哪里他就跟到哪里，他好像適應(yīng)得很好。但吉米依然想住在我父母的房子里，繼續(xù)干他原來(lái)的工作。我答應(yīng)把他送回去。此事最后做成了。如今，他在那里生活了11年，在許多人的照料下，同時(shí)依靠自己生活得有聲有色。他已成了鄰里間不可或缺的人物。如果你有郵件要收，或有狗要遛，他就是你所要的人。Mymotherwasright,ofcourse:Itwaspossibletohaveahomewithroomforbothhislimitationsandmyambitions.Infact,caringforsomeonewholovesasdeeplyandappreciatesmyeffortsasmuchasJimmydoeshasenrichedmylifemorethananythingelseevercouldhave.當(dāng)然，母親的話沒(méi)錯(cuò)：可以有一個(gè)家，既能容納他的缺陷又能裝下我的雄心。事實(shí)上，關(guān)照像吉米這樣一個(gè)深愛(ài)又感激我的人，更加豐富了我的生活，其他任何東西都不能與之相比。ThishithomeafewdaysaftertheSeptember11thdisasteronJimmy’s57thbirthday.IhadapartyforhiminmyhomeinNewYork,butnoneofourfamilycouldjoinusbecausetravelwasdifficultandtheywerestillreckoningwiththesheerterrorthedisasterhadbrought.Icalledonmyfaithfulfriendstohelpmakeitamerryandfestiveoccasion,ignoringthefactthatmostofthemwereemotionallydrainedandexhausted.Insteadofthecustomary“Nogifts,please”,Ishouted,“Gifts!Please!”這一點(diǎn)，在9?11災(zāi)難后幾天更顯真切。那天是吉米57歲生日。我在紐約自己的家里為他舉辦生日宴會(huì)，但是我們家的人都沒(méi)能來(lái)參加，因?yàn)榻煌ɡщy，而且災(zāi)難帶來(lái)的恐懼使他們依然心有余悸。我邀請(qǐng)了我的好友，請(qǐng)他們來(lái)幫忙把宴會(huì)弄得熱鬧些，增加點(diǎn)歡快氣氛，沒(méi)去理會(huì)他們多數(shù)人在情感上都有些疲憊這一事實(shí)。于是我一反常態(tài)，沒(méi)說(shuō)“請(qǐng)不要帶禮物”，而是向他們喊“請(qǐng)帶禮物來(lái)”。Myfriends-peopleJimmyhadcometoknowovertheyears-broughttheidealpresents:countrymusicCDs,asweatshirt,oneleatherbeltwith“J-I-M-M-Y”onit,aknittedwoolhatandacowboycostume.Theeveningleduptothegiftsandthenthechocolatecakefromhisfavoritebakery,andofcoursetheceremonywasn’tcompletewithoutthesinging.我的朋友──吉米認(rèn)識(shí)他們多年了──帶來(lái)了中意的禮物：鄉(xiāng)村音樂(lè)CD、一件長(zhǎng)袖運(yùn)動(dòng)衫、一條有“吉米”字樣的皮帶、一頂編織的羊毛帽，還有一套牛仔服。那天晚上，我們先是送禮物，然后是切從他喜歡的面包店里買來(lái)的巧克力蛋糕，當(dāng)然還唱了“生日歌”，否則宴會(huì)就不算完整了。AthousandtimesJimmyasked,”Isittimeforthecakeyet?”AfterdinnerandthegiftsJimmycouldnolongerberestrained.Heanxiouslywaitedforthecandlestobelitandthenblewthemoutwithonelongbreathaswellallsang“Happybirthday”.Jimmywasn’tsatisfiedwithoureffort,though.Hejumpeduponthechairandstooderectpointingbothindexfingersintotheairtoconductusandyelled,”O(jiān)ne…more…time!”Wesangwithalloftheenergyleftinoursoulsandwhenwewerefinishedheputbothhisthumbsupandshouted.“Thatwassuper!”吉米一次次地問(wèn)：“該切蛋糕了吧”等用完餐和送完禮物后，吉米再也控制不住了。他焦急地等著點(diǎn)上蠟燭，然后在我們“生日快樂(lè)”的歌聲中，一口長(zhǎng)氣吹滅了蠟燭。戶然而吉米對(duì)我們的努力還是感到不滿足。他縱身跳到椅子上，直挺著身子，雙手食指朝天，一邊喊一邊指揮我們唱歌：“再──來(lái)──次！”我們?nèi)σ愿暗爻?。待我們唱完時(shí)，他翹起兩個(gè)拇指喊道：“好極了！”Wehadwantedtolethimknowthatnomatterhowdifficultthingsgotintheworld,therewouldalwaysbepeoplewhocaredabouthim.Weendedupremindingourselvesinstead.ForJimmy,thelovewithwhichwesangwasawelcomebonus,butmostlyhehadjustwantedtoseeeveryoneelsehappyagain.本來(lái)我們想讓他知道，無(wú)論世上有多難的事情，總是有人來(lái)關(guān)心他?，F(xiàn)在反倒是提醒了我們自己。對(duì)于吉米來(lái)說(shuō)，我們唱歌時(shí)的愛(ài)心，是他心中額外的禮物，但是他原先更想看到的，是別人再次感到快樂(lè)。Justasmyfather’sdeathhadchangedJimmy’sworldovernight,September11thchangedourlives;theworldwe’dknownwasgone.But,aswesangforJimmyandheldeachtightafterwardprayingforpeacearoundtheworld,wewereremindedthattheconstantloveandsupportofourfriendsandfamilywouldgetusthroughwhateverlifemightpresent.ThesimplicitywithwhichJimmyhadreconciledeverythingforusshouldnothavebeensurprising.TherehadneverbeenlimitationstowhatJimmy’slovecouldaccomplish.有如父親的去世一夜之間改變了吉米的世界，9?11也改變了我們的生活；我們熟悉的世界不復(fù)存在了。但是，當(dāng)我們?yōu)榧壮?，相互緊擁，祈禱全球和平時(shí)，我們也意識(shí)到，朋友、家人間永恒的愛(ài)和支持可以讓我們克服生活中的任何困難。吉米以樸素的方式為我們協(xié)調(diào)了眼前的一切，他做到這一點(diǎn)并不令人吃驚。吉米的愛(ài)可以征服一切，這是任何東西都限制不了的。Unit2ASportsmedicineexpertshaveobservedforyearsthatenduranceathletes,particularlyfemales,frequentlyhaveirondeficiencies.NowanewstudybyateamofPurdueUniversity運(yùn)動(dòng)醫(yī)學(xué)專家經(jīng)過(guò)多年的觀察，發(fā)現(xiàn)耐力運(yùn)動(dòng)員，特別是女性，經(jīng)常會(huì)缺鐵。普渡大學(xué)研究人員進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)新的研究表明：即使是適度的鍛煉，也可能會(huì)降低女性血液中的鐵含量。"Wefoundthatwomenwhowerenormallyinactiveandthenstartedaprogramofmoderateexerciseshowedevidenceofironloss,"saysRoseanneM.Lyle,associateprofessoratPurdue.Herstudyof62formerlyinactivewomenwhobeganexercisingthreetimesaweekforsixmonthswaspublishedinthejournalMedicine&ScienceinSports&Exercise.“我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些通常不運(yùn)動(dòng)的女性一旦開(kāi)始適度的鍛煉，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)鐵含量下降的跡象，”普渡大學(xué)羅斯安妮?M.萊爾副教授說(shuō)。她對(duì)62名婦女進(jìn)行了研究，并將研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《體育運(yùn)動(dòng)醫(yī)學(xué)與科學(xué)》雜志上。這些婦女原先不怎么運(yùn)動(dòng)，后來(lái)開(kāi)始了為期6個(gè)月、每周3次的鍛煉。"Womenwhoconsumedadditionalmeatortookironsupplementswereabletobounceback,"shenotes."Butthenewexerciserswhofollowedtheirnormaldietshowedadecreaseinironlevels."萊爾指出：“那些增食肉類食品或服用鐵質(zhì)補(bǔ)劑的女性能夠恢復(fù)到健康狀態(tài)。但突然參加鍛煉卻仍沿用舊食譜的人則顯示出鐵含量降低?！盜rondeficiencyisverycommonamongwomeningeneral,affectingoneinfourfemaleteenagersandoneinfivewomenaged18to45,respectively.Buttheratioisevengreateramongactivewomen,affectingupto80percentoffemaleenduranceathletes.Thismeans,Lylesays,that"toomanywomenignoretheamountofirontheytakein";.Womenofchild-bearingageareatgreatestrisk,sincetheirmonthlybleedingisamajorsourceofironloss.Plus,manyhealth-consciouswomenincreasetheirriskbyrejectingredmeat,whichcontainsthemosteasilyabsorbedformofiron.Andbecausewomenoftenrestricttheirdietinanefforttocontrolweight,theymaynotconsumeenoughiron-richfood,andareliabletoexperienceadeficiency.缺鐵在女性中是很常見(jiàn)的，每四個(gè)十幾歲的少女中有一人缺鐵，每五個(gè)18至45歲的女性中有一人缺鐵。而在積極鍛煉的婦女中這一比例更高，女耐力運(yùn)動(dòng)員中，缺鐵者比例則高達(dá)80%。萊爾說(shuō)，這意味著“太多女性忽視了自己攝入的鐵含量”。

育齡女性危險(xiǎn)最大，因?yàn)樵陆?jīng)是鐵流失的重要原因之一。此外，許多保健意識(shí)太強(qiáng)的女性也很危險(xiǎn)，因?yàn)樗齻兙芙^食用牛肉或羊肉，而這些肉中含有的鐵最易被吸收。而且，由于女性常常為了控制體重而節(jié)食，從而未能攝取足夠的含鐵豐富的食物，結(jié)果可能導(dǎo)致缺鐵。"Theaveragewomantakesinonlytwothirdsoftherecommendeddailyallowanceforiron,"notesanotherexpert."Forawomanwhoalreadyhasapoorironstatus,anyadditionalironlossfromexercisemaybeenoughtotipherovertheedgeintoamoreseriousdeficiency,"notestheexpert.

另一名專家指出，“普通女性每天攝入的鐵只是應(yīng)攝入量的三分之二?！?/p>

他指出，“對(duì)于那些已經(jīng)缺鐵的女性，任何因鍛煉而產(chǎn)生的更多鐵質(zhì)流失都足以導(dǎo)致體內(nèi)缺鐵狀況的惡化?！边\(yùn)動(dòng)可能通過(guò)多種機(jī)制導(dǎo)致鐵流失。Exercisecanresultinironlossthroughavarietyofmechanisms.Someironislostinsweat,and,forunknownreasons,intenseenduranceexerciseissometimesassociatedwithbleedingofthedigestivesystem.Athletesinhigh-impactsportssuchasrunningmayalsoloseironthroughaphenomenonwheresmallbloodvesselsinthefeetleakblood.有些鐵隨汗液流失。另外，由于某些未知的原因，高強(qiáng)度的耐力運(yùn)動(dòng)有時(shí)會(huì)引起消化系統(tǒng)內(nèi)出血。運(yùn)動(dòng)員從事跑步之類高強(qiáng)度劇烈運(yùn)動(dòng)，也可能會(huì)因?yàn)樽悴垦苁а默F(xiàn)象而使鐵質(zhì)流失。Therearethreestagesofirondeficiency.Thefirstandmostcommonishavinglowironreserves,aconditionthattypicallyhasnosymptoms.Fatigueandpoorperformancemaybegintoappearinthesecondstageofdeficiency,whennotenoughironispresenttoformthemoleculesofbloodproteinthattransportoxygentotheworkingmuscles.Inthethirdandfinalstage,peopleoftenfeelweak,tired,andoutofbreath—andexerciseperformanceisseverelycompromised.缺鐵分為三個(gè)階段：第一也即最常見(jiàn)的階段，是鐵質(zhì)儲(chǔ)量不足。這一階段一般沒(méi)有癥狀。到了缺鐵的第二階段，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)疲倦和力不從心，此時(shí)體內(nèi)已沒(méi)有足夠的鐵來(lái)形成血蛋白分子，將氧輸至運(yùn)動(dòng)肌肉。在第三即最后階段，人常常感到虛弱、疲乏無(wú)力、喘不過(guò)氣，運(yùn)動(dòng)成績(jī)大打折扣。"Peoplethinkthatifthey'renotatthethirdstage,nothingiswrong,butthat'snottrue,"saysJohnL.Beard,whohelpeddesignthePurduestudy."You'renotstage3untilyourironreservesgotozero,andifyouwaituntilthatpoint,you'reintrouble."“人們認(rèn)為，只要不到第三階段就不會(huì)有什么問(wèn)題。這種想法是不對(duì)的?！睅椭O(shè)計(jì)普渡大學(xué)研究的約翰?L.比爾德說(shuō)?！爸挥挟?dāng)你的鐵儲(chǔ)量為零時(shí)，你才會(huì)進(jìn)入第三階段。而你若坐等到這個(gè)時(shí)候，你的麻煩就大了?！盚owever,mostpeoplewithlowironreservesdon'tknowtheyhaveadeficiency,becausetraditionalmethodsofcalculatingtheamountofironinblood(bycheckinglevelsofthebloodproteinthattransportsoxygen)arenotsufficient,Beardstates.Instead,it'simportanttochecklevelsofadifferentcompound,whichindicatestheamountofstorageofironintheblood.Whileactive,child-bearingagewomenaremostlikelytohavelowironstores,henotes,"Menarenotsafe,especiallyiftheydon'teatmeatandhaveahighlevelofphysicalactivity."(Anestimated15percentofmalelongdistancerunnershavelowironstores.)Beardandotherexpertssayit'sadvisableforpeopleinthesegroupstohaveayearlybloodtesttocheckbloodironreserves.然而，比爾德指出，大多數(shù)鐵質(zhì)儲(chǔ)量低的人并未意識(shí)到自己缺鐵，因?yàn)閭鹘y(tǒng)的檢測(cè)血液中鐵含量的方法──檢驗(yàn)血液中輸送氧氣的血蛋白的含量──是不夠的。其實(shí)，有必要檢查血液中另一種混合成分的含量，它可以顯示血液中的鐵含量。他還指出，雖然積極鍛煉的育齡婦女最有可能鐵含量低，“但男性也并非不缺鐵，尤其是在他們不吃肉類而又從事高強(qiáng)度的體力活動(dòng)的情況下。”

（估計(jì)有15%的男性長(zhǎng)跑運(yùn)動(dòng)員鐵含量低。）比爾德和其他專家都說(shuō)，對(duì)這些人而言，最好每年驗(yàn)一次血，以測(cè)定血液中的鐵含量。Ifironlevelsarelow,talkwithaphysiciantoseeifthedeficiencyshouldbecorrectedbymodifyingyourdietorbytakingsupplements.Ingeneral,it'sbettertoundotheproblembyaddingmoreiron-richfoodstothediet,becauseironsupplementscanhaveseriousshortcomings.Supplementsmayproduceafeelingofwantingtothrowup,andmaybepoisonousinsomecases.Thebestsourcesofiron,andtheonlysourcesoftheformofironmostreadilyabsorbedbythebody,aremeat,chicken,andfish.Goodsourcesofotherformsofironincludedates,beans,andsomeleafygreenvegetables.如果鐵含量低，就要去看醫(yī)生，以確定是否該通過(guò)調(diào)整飲食或服用鐵質(zhì)補(bǔ)劑來(lái)校正不足。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，解決問(wèn)題的最好方法是在食譜中增加含鐵豐富的食物，因?yàn)殍F質(zhì)補(bǔ)劑可能存在嚴(yán)重缺陷?！胺描F質(zhì)補(bǔ)劑可能使人想嘔吐，有時(shí)甚至還會(huì)引起中毒。最好的鐵來(lái)源，以及唯一最易為身體所吸收的鐵來(lái)源，是肉、雞和魚(yú)。其他較好的鐵質(zhì)來(lái)源包括棗、豆類和一些多葉綠色蔬菜?！?Selectbreadsandcerealswiththewords'iron-added'onthelabel,"writessportsdietexpertNancyClark."Thisaddedironsupplementsthesmallamountthatnaturallyoccursingrains.EatthesefoodswithplentifulVitaminC(forexample,drinkorangejuicewithcerealorputatomatoonasandwich)toenhancetheamountofironabsorbed."Clarkalsorecommendscookinginironpans,asfoodcanderiveironfromthepanduringthecookingprocess."Theironcontentoftomatosaucecookedinanironpotforthreehoursshowedastrikingincrease,thelevelgoingupnearly30times,"shewrites.Andpeoplewhoarelikelytohavelowironshouldavoiddrinkingcoffeeorteawithmeals,shesays,sincesubstancesinthesedrinkscaninterferewithironbeingabsorbedintothebody.“選擇那些標(biāo)有‘加鐵’字樣的面包和麥片，”運(yùn)動(dòng)營(yíng)養(yǎng)專家南希?克拉克寫(xiě)道，“這些增加的鐵質(zhì)補(bǔ)充了谷物中自然含鐵量的不足。將這些食物與含有大量維生素C的食物一起食用──比如吃麥片時(shí)喝橘子汁，或在三明治內(nèi)夾上番茄──可以促進(jìn)鐵質(zhì)吸收?！?/p>

克拉克還建議用鐵鍋烹食，因?yàn)榕胝{(diào)過(guò)程中食物能從鐵鍋中吸收鐵質(zhì)。她寫(xiě)道，“在鐵鍋內(nèi)烹煮了3個(gè)小時(shí)的番茄汁，其鐵含量大大提高，增加到原來(lái)的30倍左右?！彼f(shuō)，鐵含量可能低的人，吃飯時(shí)應(yīng)避免喝咖啡或飲茶，因?yàn)檫@些飲料中所含的物質(zhì)會(huì)妨礙身體對(duì)鐵質(zhì)的吸收。"Activewomenneedtobealotmorecarefulabouttheirfoodchoices,"sumsupPurdue'sLyle."Ifyoupayattentiontowarningsignsbeforeironreservesaregone,youcanremedythedeficiencybeforeitreallybecomesaproblem."“運(yùn)動(dòng)女性應(yīng)特別注意選擇飲食?！逼斩纱髮W(xué)的萊爾總結(jié)說(shuō)：“如果你在鐵含量流失之前就注意到了警告信號(hào)，你就可以在它真正成為問(wèn)題之前彌補(bǔ)鐵質(zhì)的不足?！?Unit5AIhaveneverseenMrs.Clarkbefore,butIknowfromhermedicalchartandthereportIreceivedfromtheprecedingshiftthattonightshewilldie.我從未見(jiàn)過(guò)克拉克夫人，但看過(guò)她的醫(yī)療記錄和上一位值班醫(yī)生交給我的報(bào)告后，我知道她今晚會(huì)去世。Theonlylightinherroomiscomingfromapieceofmedicalequipment,whichisflashingitsredlightasifinwarning.AsIstandthere,thesmellhitsmynose,andIclosemyeyesasIrememberthesmellofdecayfrompastexperience.InmymouthIhaveasour,vinegartastecomingfromthepitofmystomach.Ireachforthelightswitch,andasitsilentlylightsthescene,Ireturntothebedtoobservethepatientwithanunemotional,medicaleye.她屋里唯一的光線來(lái)自一臺(tái)醫(yī)療設(shè)備，它閃著紅光，似乎在發(fā)出警告。我站在那里，一股怪味刺激著我的鼻子，我想起了過(guò)去聞到過(guò)的腐爛的氣味，我閉上了眼睛。我嘴里有一股從胃里返上來(lái)的酸味。我伸手去開(kāi)燈。燈靜靜地照亮了整個(gè)病房，我走回病床邊，用無(wú)動(dòng)于衷的、醫(yī)生的目光觀察著病人。Mrs.Clarkisdying.Sheliesmotionless:theheadseemsunusuallylargeonaskeletonbody;theskinisdarkyellowandhangslooselyaroundexaggeratedbonesthatnotevenablanketcanhide;therightarmliesstraightoutattheside,tapedcruellytoaboardtosecureaneedlesothatfluidmaydripin;theleftarmisacrossthesunkenchest,whichrisesandfallswiththeunevenbreaths.克拉克夫人已奄奄一息了。她一動(dòng)不動(dòng)地躺著：骨瘦如柴的身體使她的頭顯得特別大；皮膚呈暗黃色，松松地裹在嶙峋的、連毛毯也遮掩不住的骨骼上；她的右臂平伸在床邊，被無(wú)情地用膠帶固定在一塊板上，以便能固定針頭使液體滴入；左臂橫放在深陷的胸部，胸口隨著不均勻的呼吸一起一伏。Ireachforthelong,thinfingersthatarelyingonthechest.Theyareicecold,andIquicklymovetothewristandfeelforthefaintpulse.Mrs.Clark'seyesopensomewhatasherheadturnstowardmeslightly.Ibendclosetoherandscarcelyhearasshewhispers,"Water."Takingaglassofwaterfromthetable,Iputmyfingerovertheendofthestrawandallowafewdropsofthecoolmoisturetoslideintohermouthandeaseherthirst.Shemakesnoattempttoswallow;thereisjustnotenoughstrength."More,"thedryvoicesays,andwerepeattheprocedure.Thistimeshedoesmanagetoswallowsomeliquidandweaklysays,"Thank,you."我伸手去觸摸她放在胸口的細(xì)長(zhǎng)手指。冰涼冰涼的。我忙將手移到她的手腕，去感覺(jué)那微弱的脈搏。克拉克夫人將頭稍稍轉(zhuǎn)向我，微微地睜開(kāi)眼。我俯過(guò)身去，勉強(qiáng)聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她微弱的聲音：“水?！蔽覐淖郎夏闷鹨槐?，用手指封著吸管的一端，滴了幾滴涼涼的水到她的嘴里，以緩解她的干渴。她沒(méi)有用力去吞咽，因?yàn)榱獠粔?。“還要，”那干澀的聲音說(shuō)。于是我們又重復(fù)了一次。這次她終于咽了一些，并輕輕說(shuō)了聲：“謝謝，你?！盨heistooweakforconversation,sowithoutasking,Igoaboutprovidingforherneeds.Pickingherupinmyarmslikeachild,Iturnheronherside.Naked,exceptforalighthospitalgown,sheissoverysmallandlightthatsheseemslikeavictimofsometerriblefamine.Iremovethelidfromajarofskincreamandputsomeonthepalmofmyhand.Carefully,toavoidinjuringher,Irubcreamintotheyellowskin,whichrollsfreelyoverthebones,feelingperfectlytheoutlineofeachboneintheback.Placingapillowbetweenherlegs,Inoticethatthesetooareicecold,andnotuntilIrunmyhandupoverherkneesdoIfeelanyofthelife-givingwarmthofblood.她虛弱得沒(méi)法交談，因此沒(méi)等她要求，我就開(kāi)始做她所需要的。我像抱孩子似的把她抱起來(lái)，給她翻了個(gè)身。除了一件淺色的病號(hào)服，她什么也沒(méi)穿。她又小又輕，像遭受了嚴(yán)重饑荒一樣。我打開(kāi)護(hù)膚霜的瓶蓋，揩了一些在手心。為了不傷著她，我小心翼翼地把護(hù)膚霜擦在她發(fā)黃的皮膚上。她的皮膚松松地在骨頭上滑動(dòng)，背上每塊骨頭的輪廓都能清楚地摸到。當(dāng)我把枕頭放在她兩腿之間時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)它們也是冰涼的，直到把手移到她膝蓋以上的部位，我才感受到血液供給生命的熱度。WhenIamfinished,Ipullachairupbesidethebedtofaceherand,takingherfreehandbetweenmine,againnoticethelong,thinfingers.Graceful.Iwonderbrieflyifshehasanyfamily,andthenIseethatthereareneitherflowers,norpicturesofrainbowsandbutterfliesdrawnbychildren,norcards.Thereisnohintintheroomanywherethatthisisapersonwhoisloved.Asthoughsheisamindreader,Mrs.Clarkanswersmythoughtsandquietlytellsme,"Isent...myfamily...home...tonight...didn'twant...them...tosee..."Havingspentherlastounceofstrengthshecannotgoon,butIhaveunderstoodwhatshehasdone.Notknowingwhattosay,Isaynothing.Againsheseemstosensemythoughts,"You…stay…"而后，我挪了把椅子面朝她坐在床邊，握住她那只沒(méi)被固定的手，此時(shí)我又一次注意到她細(xì)長(zhǎng)的手指。很優(yōu)雅。一時(shí)間，我突然想知道她是否有家庭，接著我發(fā)現(xiàn)病房里沒(méi)有花，沒(méi)有孩子們畫(huà)的彩虹和蝴蝶，也沒(méi)有卡片。房間中沒(méi)有任何跡象表明她是一個(gè)被人愛(ài)著的人。她似乎讀懂了我的心思，平靜地回答我說(shuō)：“今天…我讓…家里人…都…回家…不想…他們…看見(jiàn)”她耗盡了最后的那點(diǎn)力氣，再也說(shuō)不下去了。但我已然明白她做了些什么。我不知道說(shuō)什么好，所以什么也沒(méi)說(shuō)。她好像又看穿了我的心思：“你…留下…”Timeseemstostandstill.Inthetotalsilence,Ifeelmyownpulsequickenandhearmybreathingasitbeginstomatchhers,breathforunevenbreath.Oureyesmeetandsomehow,together,webecomeawarethatthisisaspecialmomentbetweentwohumanbeings.HerlongfingerscurleasilyaroundmyhandandInodmyheadslowly,smiling.Withoutwords,throughyellowedeyes,Ireceivemythankyouandhereyesslowlyclose.時(shí)間似乎停滯了。在一片寂靜中，我感覺(jué)自己的脈搏加快了，我聽(tīng)到自己的呼吸開(kāi)始伴隨著她那不均勻的呼吸一起一落。我們互相對(duì)視，不知怎么的，我們都意識(shí)到，這是兩個(gè)生命間的一個(gè)特殊時(shí)刻。她那細(xì)長(zhǎng)的手指很輕易地就攏住了我的手，我微笑著慢慢點(diǎn)了點(diǎn)頭。無(wú)需任何語(yǔ)言，我從她發(fā)黃的眼睛中感受到了她對(duì)我的謝意，她慢慢閉上了眼睛。Someunknownintervaloftimepassesbeforehereyesopenagain,onlythistimethereisnoresponseinthem,justablankstare.Withoutwarning,hershallowbreathingstops,andwithinafewmoments,thefaintpulseisalsogone.Onesingletearflowsfromherlefteye,acrossthecheekanddownontothepillow.Ibegintocryquietly.Thereisaswellofemotionwithinmeforthisstrangerwhosoquicklycameintoandwentfrommylife.Hersufferingisdone,yetsoisthelife.Slowly,stillholdingherhand,IbecomeawarethatIdonotmindthisemotionalbattle,thatinfact,itwasaprivilegeshehasallowedme,andIwoulddoitagain,gladly.Mrs.Clarksparedherfamilyanepisodethatperhapstheywerenotequippedtohandleandinsteadshareditwithme.Shehadnotwantedtohaveherfamilyseeherdie,yetshedidnotwanttodiealone.Nooneshoulddiealone,andIamgladIwasthereforher.不知過(guò)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，她又睜開(kāi)了雙眼，只是這一次目光里沒(méi)有任何反應(yīng)，只有空洞的凝視。沒(méi)有一點(diǎn)先兆，她那細(xì)弱的呼吸停止了。很快，微弱的脈搏也消失了。一顆淚珠從她的左眼中流出，滑過(guò)臉頰，落在枕上。我開(kāi)始輕聲哭泣。對(duì)這位迅速走進(jìn)又走出我生活的陌生人，我心間涌起了一股感情。她的痛苦結(jié)束了，可她的生命也結(jié)束了。我依然握著她的手，漸漸地，我意識(shí)到我并不害怕這種感情之戰(zhàn)，意識(shí)到這實(shí)際是她賜予我的特殊榮幸，而且我還樂(lè)意再來(lái)一次。克拉克夫人沒(méi)有讓她的家人目睹這一幕他們或許無(wú)力面對(duì)的人生插曲，卻與我分享了它。她不想讓家人看著她死去，然而她也不愿孤獨(dú)地離去。不應(yīng)當(dāng)有人孤獨(dú)離去的，我很高興能守候在她身邊。兩天后，我在報(bào)上讀到了克拉克夫人的消息。Twodayslater,IreadaboutMrs.Clarkinthenewspaper.Shewasthemotherofseven,grandmotherofeighteen,anactivememberofherchurch,aleaderofvolunteerassociationsinhercommunity,aconcertpianoplayer,andapianoteacherforoverthirtyyears.Yes,theywerelongandgracefulfingers.原來(lái)她是7個(gè)孩子的母親、18個(gè)孩子的祖母、教會(huì)里的活躍分子、社區(qū)志愿者協(xié)會(huì)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人、音樂(lè)會(huì)鋼琴演奏家、從教30余年的鋼琴教師。是啊，她的手指是那樣細(xì)長(zhǎng)而優(yōu)雅。Unit7AWhenIwas19,IcaughtsightofthefutureandbasedmycareeronwhatIsaw.Iturnedouttohavebeenright."—BillGates“我19歲看到了未來(lái)，并將我的所見(jiàn)當(dāng)作我事業(yè)的基點(diǎn)，結(jié)果證明我是對(duì)的?！暴ぉけ葼?蓋茨He'sthemostfamousbusinessmanandtherichestmanintheworld—worthanestimated$40billionin1997.他是當(dāng)今世上最著名的商人、最有錢(qián)的富豪──1997年他的資產(chǎn)預(yù)計(jì)為400億美元。Withoutadoubt,BillGatesbelongsinthesameclassasThomasEdison,AlexanderGrahamBell,andothergreatmindswhochangedtheworld.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，他與托馬斯愛(ài)迪生、亞歷山大格雷厄姆貝爾以及其他改變世界的偉人屬于同一行列。Theself-described"hacker"hasdominatedthepersonalcomputingrevolutionandmodernizedthewholeworldintheprocess..這個(gè)自稱為“黑客”的人主導(dǎo)著個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)革命，并在這一過(guò)程中使整個(gè)世界現(xiàn)代化.Indeed,hisclassificationintoanyotherrankthanthiswouldseriouslyunderstatehisimpactontheworld的確，將他劃入任何其他行列，都可能大大淡化他對(duì)世界的影響。Gates'successstemsfromhispersonality:anunbelievableandattimesfrighteningblendofhigh-voltagebrilliance,driveandcompetitiveness.WhenthechairmanandCEOwalksthroughthecorridorsofMicrosoft,itislikeaswitchbeingturnedon;everythingandeveryonearoundhimischargedwith10,000voltsofelectricity.GatessetstheexampleandMicrosoftemployeesfollow.Theschedulehekeepsisonehintastowhatheexpectsfromhisemployees.It'snotunusualforthe"dean"ofthe"Microsoftcampus"toputin16-hourdays蓋茨的成功源自他的人格：他才華橫溢、沖勁十足、爭(zhēng)強(qiáng)好勝，這些加在一起令人難以置信，有時(shí)甚至令人畏懼。當(dāng)這位董事長(zhǎng)兼首席執(zhí)行官走過(guò)微軟大樓的走廊時(shí)，他身邊的人和物就像被打開(kāi)了電源，充了一萬(wàn)伏電。蓋茨樹(shù)立了榜樣，微軟的員工緊隨其后。他的工作安排暗示著他對(duì)員工的期待。這位“微軟校園”的“校長(zhǎng)”經(jīng)常每天工作16小時(shí)。Indeed,ifthere'sonethingthatdistinguishestheGatesstyle,itishistimemanagementskills.Conservationoftime,energy,andfocusarehishallmarks.Hemovesbetweenplayingtheroleofinternationalspokesmanfortheageoftechnologyandplanningbusinessstrategybackatheadquarters,gettingthemaximumamountofworkpossibleoutofeveryminute.Alwayspunctualandalwaysinhighgear,hetypicallyleavesonlythetiniestcracksinthedayforeating,talkingtofriendsorrecreation.ThejokearoundMicrosoftisthathisreceptionististhehardestworkingpersonintheworld.Infact,hehasseveralreceptionists.Heprobablyneedsonejusttoarrangehistravelplansandvisastoforeigncountries.的確，如果說(shuō)蓋茨的風(fēng)格與他人有別的話，那就是他把握時(shí)間的技能。節(jié)約時(shí)間、精力充沛和專心致志是他的突出特點(diǎn)。他一會(huì)兒充當(dāng)技術(shù)時(shí)代的國(guó)際代言人，一會(huì)兒在微軟總部謀劃經(jīng)營(yíng)策略，充分利用每一分鐘，最大限度的開(kāi)展工作。他總是準(zhǔn)時(shí)，總是處于高速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)狀態(tài)，他習(xí)慣利用白天的點(diǎn)滴空閑進(jìn)餐、與朋友交談或娛樂(lè)。微軟人笑話他的接待員是天底下最勤奮的人。事實(shí)上，他有幾個(gè)接待員。他或許需要有人專門(mén)安排他的旅行計(jì)劃和去國(guó)外的簽證。Onthesubjectoftravel,hehasbecomeknownforsavingmoneyandtimeaswell.Onbusinesstrips,hefliescommercialwheneverpossibleandintheinterestoftime,henevercheckshisbaggage.Hishostsalsofindtheysavemoneywhenheisintown.Thereisnotimeinhisschedulefortourismofanykind,noexcursionsorsightseeingtripsareonhisagenda.It'sjustwork,work,work.說(shuō)到旅行，他節(jié)約錢(qián)和時(shí)間也是出了名的。出差時(shí)，他盡可能坐普通民航飛機(jī)；為了節(jié)省時(shí)間，他從不托運(yùn)行李。接待他的東道主也發(fā)現(xiàn)，他住在城里時(shí)他們很省錢(qián)。他的時(shí)間表上沒(méi)有計(jì)劃旅游的時(shí)間，日程表上也沒(méi)有游覽或觀光計(jì)劃。有的只是工作，工作，工作。Anothertraitthatmakeshimsounusualishisincredible"multitasking"ability.Athisdesk,heworksontwocomputers,onewithmultipleframesthatsequencedatastreaminginfromtheInternet,andtheotherhandlingthehundredsofe-mailmessagesandlettershereceives.Hemayevenreviewdatawhileconductingameetingusingavideophone.另一個(gè)使他與眾不同的特質(zhì)是他令人難以置信的“多任務(wù)操作”能力。他辦公時(shí)使用兩臺(tái)電腦，一臺(tái)開(kāi)有多重窗口以編排從英特網(wǎng)上不斷接收的數(shù)據(jù)，另一臺(tái)處理他接收的數(shù)以百計(jì)的電子郵件。甚至他在用可視電話主持會(huì)議時(shí)，還能審核數(shù)據(jù)。Gatesrunshiscompanymainlythroughthreemethods:Hebatsoutahundredormoree-mailmessagesaday(andnight);hemeetseverymonthorsowithhistopmanagementpanelofexpertsandadvisers;andmostimportantly,heholdstwoorthreesmallreviewmeetingsadaywithaprocessionofteamsworkingonthecompany'svariousproducts.Hedoesn'taddressanyonebynameorhandouttoomuchpraise,buthedoesgoroundthetableclockwiseandlistenscarefullytoeveryonewhohasanidea.Whenheisunclearaboutsomething,hequizzesandchallengeshisstaff."Educatemeonthat,"hemightsay,lookingtomakeclearavaguestatement.Everydecisionhemakesisbasedonhisknowledgeofitsmerits.Hedoesn'tneedtorelyonpersonalpolitics.蓋茨主要通過(guò)以下三種方法來(lái)經(jīng)營(yíng)他的公司：他每天（和每晚）發(fā)出100封或更多電子郵件；他大約每月與由專家和顧問(wèn)組成的高層管理委員會(huì)會(huì)晤一次；更重要的是，他每天召開(kāi)兩三個(gè)小型碰頭會(huì)，接連與會(huì)的是研發(fā)公司各種產(chǎn)品的團(tuán)隊(duì)。他不作指名道姓的個(gè)別談話，也不作太多的表?yè)P(yáng)，只作順時(shí)針?lè)较虻膱A桌會(huì)談，仔細(xì)聽(tīng)取每個(gè)人的意見(jiàn)。遇到不太明白的說(shuō)法，他就詢問(wèn)甚至質(zhì)疑他的手下?！罢?qǐng)就此明示，”他會(huì)這么說(shuō)，希望把不清楚的地方弄明白.他作出的每個(gè)決定，都是基于對(duì)其價(jià)值的了解。他不需要依賴個(gè)人權(quán)術(shù)。WhenBillGateswasinthesixthgrade,hisparentssenthimtoseeapsychologist.Afterayearofsessionsandtests,thepsychologistreachedhisconclusion."You'regoingtolose,"hetoldGates'motherMary."Youhadbetterjustadjusttoitbecausethere'snousetryingtobeathim."Inthe22yearssincehedroppedoutofHarvardtoconquertheworldofcomputeroperatingsystemsandapplicationsoftware,hehasbeendeadlyforcompetitorstryingtoclawtheirwayintothemarket.比爾?蓋茨讀六年級(jí)時(shí)，他父母送他去看心理醫(yī)生。一年后，經(jīng)過(guò)多次看醫(yī)生和檢查，醫(yī)生有了結(jié)論?！澳懿涣怂?，”他對(duì)蓋茨的母親瑪麗說(shuō)?！白詈媒邮墁F(xiàn)實(shí)，打他是不管用的?！弊詮纳w茨從哈佛退學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)去攻克計(jì)算機(jī)操作系統(tǒng)和應(yīng)用軟件，22年來(lái)他一直是那些企圖擠進(jìn)這個(gè)市場(chǎng)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的死敵。

Inearly1975,attheageof19,whileatHarvardUniversity,heandPaulAllenwroteaninterpreterfortheprogramminglanguageusedbyMITSAltair,thefirstcommerciallyavailablepersonalcomputer.Itwastheirintenserelationship—Gatestheworkaholiccodewriterandcompetitor,Allenthedreamyvisionary—thatlaidthefirstbrickinthefoundationofMicrosoft.In1976,GatesbeganlicensingMicrosoft'ssoftwareproductsdirectlytocomputermanufacturers,whichdramaticallyincreasedMicrosoft'sprofits.AlthoughMITSsoonfolded,Microsofthadalreadyattractednewcustomersincluding,atthetime,smallhardwarefirmslikeApple,CommodoreandTandy.1976年，蓋茨開(kāi)始許可計(jì)算機(jī)生產(chǎn)商直接配銷微軟軟件產(chǎn)品，這大大增加了微軟的利潤(rùn)。盡管MITS很快就關(guān)閉了，微軟卻已吸引住了新的顧客，還包括當(dāng)時(shí)一些小硬件公司，如蘋(píng)果公司，柯摩多爾公司和坦迪公司。In1980,IBMinvitedMicrosofttowriteaseriesofprogramminglanguagesforitsnewpersonalcomputer,theIBMPC.GatesofferedthatMicrosoftcouldalsoproducetheoperatingsystems(MS-DOS).TheIBMPCandMSDOSwerbundledtogetherandannouncedtothepublicinAugust1981.Throughoutthe1980sMicrosoftmovedsteadilyupwardandbythe1990sMS-DOShadbeenexportedaroundtheworldandhadbecomethedominantsoftwareplatform.By1995,roughly85percentoftheworld'spersonalcomputerswereusingaMicrosoftoperatingsystem.1980年，IBM（美國(guó)國(guó)際商用機(jī)器公司）邀請(qǐng)微軟為其新產(chǎn)品即IBM個(gè)人電腦（IBMPC）編寫(xiě)一整套程序設(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)言。蓋茨提議微軟也可以生產(chǎn)操作系統(tǒng)（即微軟磁盤(pán)操作系統(tǒng)，MS-DOS）。于是IMBPC和MS-DOS便捆綁在一起，并于1981年8月面世。整個(gè)20世紀(jì)80年代，微軟穩(wěn)定發(fā)展。到了90年代，MS-DOS已出口到世界各地，成了獨(dú)霸全球的軟件平臺(tái)。到1995年，全世界大約85%的個(gè)人電腦使用微軟操作系統(tǒng)。TodaytheMicrosoftcampusisa"home"fornewideasandproductsthatcurrentlynumberover200.Ithasmushroomed<tonearly18,000employeesand$6billioninprofits.By1992,atleast3,400ofMicrosoft'semployeeshadbecomemillionairesfromtheirstocks.如今，“微軟校園”成了新思想和新產(chǎn)品的“家園”，產(chǎn)品數(shù)量目前超過(guò)200種。其雇員迅速增加到將近18,000人，利潤(rùn)達(dá)到60億美元。到1992年，至少有3,400名微軟雇員因持有微軟股份而成為百萬(wàn)富翁。GateshopestostillberunningMicrosoftforanother10years,hesays,andthenpromisestofocusintenselyonhisfamilyandgivinghismoneyaway,butthatwon'tbethelastyouhearofhim.Almosteveryoneinthedevelopedworldhasusedorisusingaproductthatheownsapieceof,fromsurfingwebsitesonMicrosoftExplorertowatchingmoviesbroughttousbythedistributorDreamWorksSKG.Onecanonlywonderwhathewilldointhenearfuture.蓋茨說(shuō)，他希望再經(jīng)營(yíng)微軟十年，并許諾之后會(huì)將主要精力放在家庭和捐贈(zèng)自己的錢(qián)財(cái)上。但是這不會(huì)是你聽(tīng)到他的最后的故事。在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，幾乎人人都已使用或正在使用含有他的部件的產(chǎn)品。人們借用微軟瀏覽器上網(wǎng)，觀看夢(mèng)工廠帶來(lái)的影片。人們唯獨(dú)不知道的是，不久的將來(lái)他還會(huì)干什么.Unit8AAtfirstitwas