新視野大學英語第三版第二冊unit2課文重點句子解析+詞匯解析

新視野大學英語第三版第二冊unit2課文重點句子解析+詞匯解析新視野大學英語第三版第二冊unit2課文重點句子解析+詞匯解析新視野大學英語第三版第二冊unit2課文重點句子解析+詞匯解析xxx公司新視野大學英語第三版第二冊unit2課文重點句子解析+詞匯解析文件編號：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準審核制定方案設(shè)計，管理制度Unit2WordsandExpressions1Whenthegoinggetstough,thetoughtakeaccounting.(Para.1)Meaning:Whenconditionsorsituationsbecomedifficult,determinedpeoplechoosetostudythesubjectofaccounting,hopingtheycanmoreeasilyfindajobinthefuture.★whenthegoinggetstough:whenthesituationbecomesdifficult當形勢變得嚴峻時e.g.Whenthegoinggetstough,womencangetastoughasmen.當形勢變得嚴峻時，女人可以變得跟男人一樣堅強?！颽ccounting:n.[U]theworkofaccountantsorthemethodstheyuse會計；會計學e.g.Students’majorobjectiveistobefinanciallywelloff.Accordingly,todaythemostpopularcourseisnotliteratureorhistorybutaccounting.學生的主要目的是在經(jīng)濟上富裕。因此，當今最流行的課程不是文學或歷史，而是會計。★takeaccounting:choosetostudythesubjectofaccounting選擇學會計2Whenthejobmarketworsens,manystudentscalculatetheycan’tmajorinEnglishorhistory.(Para.1)Meaning:Whentherearefewerjobopenings,manycollegestudentsmakeajudgmentfromthesituationandthinktheycan’tstudyEnglishorhistoryastheirmajor.Meaningbeyondwords:Manystudentswillnottaketheclassesthatwon’thelpthemlocateadecentjoblater.★majorin:(AmE)studysth.asyourmainsubjectatcollegeoruniversity主修（某一）科目e.g.ThehighdemandforpersonswithknowledgeaboutcomputersiswhyIchosetomajorincomputerscienceattheuniversity.對具有電腦知識人才的高需求是我選擇在大學主修計算機科學的原因。3Theyhavetostudysomethingthatbooststheirprospectsoflandingajob.(Para.1)Meaning:Theyhavetostudysomethingthatimprovestheirchancesofsuccessinfindingajob.★boost:vt.increaseorimprovesth.tomakeitmoresuccessful促進；推動；使興旺e.g.Somecountrieshopethatwarmerweatherandmorerainwillboosttheirfarmoutput.一些國家希望更溫暖的天氣和更多的降雨能提高他們的農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量。★prospect:n.[C,U]sth.thatispossibleorlikelytohappeninthefuture,orthepossibilityitself可能的事情；很可能發(fā)生的事情；前景e.g.Careerprospectsinscienceandtechnologyarevirtuallyunlimited.科技類職業(yè)的前景幾乎是無可限量的。4Thedatashowthatasstudentshaveincreasinglyshoulderedtheever-risingcostoftuition,theyhavedefectedfromthestudyofthehumanitiesandtowardappliedscienceand“hard”skillsthattheybetwillleadtoemployment.(Para.2)Meaning:Thefactsandinformationshowthatasstudentshavespentincreasinglymoremoneyontuition,theyhaveturnedawayfromthehumanitiestosomepracticalcoursesthattheybelievewillenablethemtogetajobmoreeasily.★defect:vi.leaveacountry,politicalparty,ororganizationtogotoanotherone背叛；叛逃e.g.Hedefectedfromthepartyinthelate1970s.他在20世紀70年代后期背叛了該黨。n.[C]afaultinsb.orsth.缺點；欠缺；不足之處e.g.Stammeringisprobablyaninheriteddefect.口吃可能是一種遺傳缺陷。UsageNOTEdefect,deficiency1在表示“人的缺點，設(shè)計制造方面的缺點或缺陷”時，名詞defect和deficiency的詞義相近。例：physiologicaldefect/deficiency生理缺陷Thenewcarhadtobewithdrawnfromthemarketbecauseofamechanicaldefect.這款新汽車因有機械缺陷，必須被撤出市場。Thedeficiencyofthisplanisveryclear,soitcan’tpossiblysucceed.這項計劃的缺陷是很明顯的，所以它不可能成功。2但表示“缺少；不足”（shortage）時，只可用deficiency。例：Thereareseriousdeficienciesinthenumberofsuitableaircraft.符合要求的飛機數(shù)量嚴重不足。Duringthewarchildrensufferedfromadeficiencyoffood.戰(zhàn)爭期間孩子們遭受了缺乏食物之苦?！颽pplied:a.(usu.beforenoun)usedfordescribingeducationalsubjectswhentheyarestudiedfortheirpracticaluses（學科）應用的，實用的e.g.Industryleaderswantscientiststoengageinbasicresearch,notappliedresearch.產(chǎn)業(yè)領(lǐng)導者們希望科學家們從事基礎(chǔ)研究，而不是應用研究。5Inotherwords,acollegeeducationismoreandmoreseenasameansforeconomicbettermentratherthanameansforhumanbetterment.(Para.2)Meaning:Inotherwords,acollegeeducationismoreconsideredasamethodtoimprovestudents’futureeconomicstatusratherthanimprovehumannatureorbehavior.Meaningbeyondwords:Thequalityofacollegeeducationisincreasinglyquestionablebecausethetrendamongmanycollegesistobecomemorelikeabusinessandlesslikeanacademicsetting.6Thisisatrendthatislikelytopersistandevenaccelerate.(Para.2)Meaning:Verylikely,thetrendwillcontinuetoexistandevengofasterthanever.★persist:vi.1)(fml.)continuetoexist繼續(xù)存在；持續(xù)e.g.Ifthebadweatherpersists,thefarmerswillsuffergreatlossesthisyear.如果惡劣天氣持續(xù)，農(nóng)民今年將遭受巨大的損失。2)continuetodosth.,althoughthisisdifficult,orotherpeopleopposeit堅持；執(zhí)意e.g.Studentsmustpersistintheireffortsiftheywishtodowell.學生如果想取得好成績就必須堅持努力。UsageNOTEpersist,insist1persist可用于表示“繼續(xù)存在；持續(xù)”,尤其用于不好的事情，而insist沒有此意。例：Contactyourdoctorifthecoughpersists.如果咳嗽持續(xù)，請聯(lián)系您的醫(yī)生。2persist和insist容易混淆主要是當兩者均表示“堅持”時。persist用于表示“堅持”時，表示“堅持反復做同一件事”，后接介詞in，多用于褒義，指“堅持繼續(xù)做某事”，有時用于貶義，指“不聽勸告；頑固堅持”。例：Hermothertriedtopersuadehertogotobedearly,butshepersistedinworkinguntilthesmallhours.她的母親勸她早點睡，但她仍堅持工作到凌晨。Hepersistedindrinkingeventhoughthedoctorhadtoldhimthatitdidharmtohisbody.即使醫(yī)生告訴他飲酒傷身，他仍堅持飲酒。insist用于表示“堅持”時，表示“堅持做某件事（尤指麻煩或令人討厭的事）”，后接介詞on。例：SheinsistedonwashingherhairjustwhenIwantedtohaveabath.當我想泡個澡時，她還在那洗頭。3insist還可用于表示“對意見、主張等的堅持”。insist用于此意時，后可接介詞on，也可以接that引導的從句（是否用虛擬語氣，視情況而定，即看從句內(nèi)容是否為事實），而persist無此意。例：Theyinsistonhavingajobdonewellnomatterhowmuchtimeisrequired.他們堅持無論需要多少時間都要將工作做好。Thedoctorinsistedthatshe(should)takethemedicine,butsheinsistedthatshewasnotill.醫(yī)生堅持讓她服此藥，但她堅持自己沒病。★accelerate:v.happenormakesth.happenatafasterrate（使）加快；促進e.g.Humanactivitiescancauseoracceleratepermanentchangesinnaturalsystems.人類的活動可能導致或加速自然系統(tǒng)的永久變化。7Overthenextfewyears,aslabormarketsstruggle,thehumanitieswillprobablycontinuetheirlongslideinsuccession.(Para.3)Meaning:Forthenextfewyears,asthegoinggetstoughwithlabormarkets,thesubjectsofthehumanitieswillcontinuetoshrinkandworsenforalongtimeeachyear.★insuccession:happeningoneaftertheotherwithoutanythingdifferenthappeninginbetween連續(xù)發(fā)生地；接連發(fā)生地e.g.Sheisanaccomplishedathleteandwonthechampionshipfourtimesinsuccession.她是一名成功的運動員，連續(xù)四次獲得冠軍。8Therealreadyhasbeenanearly50percentdeclineintheportionofliberalartsmajorsoverthepastgeneration,anditislogicaltothinkthatthetrendisboundtocontinueorevenaccelerate.(Para.3)Meaning:Basedonthefactthattherealreadyhasbeenabout50percentdecreaseinthenumberofstudentsmajoringinliberalartsoverthepastyears,itisreasonabletothinkthatthetrendwillsurelycontinueorevenspeedup.★liberal:a.1)(~arts)schoolorcollegesubjectsthatgivestudentsageneraleducationandteachthemtothinkratherthanthosesubjectsthatdeveloppracticalskills文科e.g.Theliberalartsarecollegeoruniversitysubjectssuchashistory,languagesandliteraturebutnotsciences.文科是學院或大學的如歷史、語言和文學之類的學習科目，而不是理科學科。2)acceptingdifferentopinionsandwaysofbehavingandtendingtobesympathetictootherpeople心胸寬廣的；開明的e.g.Sheisknowntohaveliberalviewsondivorce.人們知道她對離婚持有開明的觀點。★bound:a.(~to)sth.thatisboundtohappenwillalmostcertainlyhappen一定的；幾乎肯定的e.g.Theweatherisboundtogetbettertomorrow.明天的天氣肯定更好。9Oncethedominantpillarsofuniversitylife,thehumanitiesnowplaylittleroleswhenstudentstaketheircollegetours.Thesedays,labsaremorevividandcompellingthanlibraries.(Para.3)Meaning:Thehumanitiesthatoncedominateduniversitylifenowplayatrivialrolewhenstudentshavetheircollegevisits;nowadays,labsaremoreeye-catchingandfascinatingthanlibraries.Meaningbeyondwords:Librarieswereoncetheonlyplacewherestudentsspentmuchtimereadingmaterials,doingresearchandwritingpapers.However,asmorestudentsaretakingsciencecourses,labswherestudentsdoscientificexperimentsplayamoreimportantroleforlearningthantraditionallibraries.★dominant:a.moreimportant,powerful,orsuccessfulthantheotherpeopleorthingsofthesametype有優(yōu)勢的；占統(tǒng)治地位的e.g.Unemploymentratewillbethedominantissueatthenextpresidentelection.失業(yè)率將是下次總統(tǒng)選舉中的主要話題?！飌illar:n.[C]1)averyimportantpartofasystemofbeliefsorideas（信仰或思想）非常重要的部分e.g.Equalityisoneofthepillarsofastablesociety.平等是一個穩(wěn)定社會的支柱之一。2)athickstronguprightpostthatsupportspartofabuilding柱子；支柱e.g.Eightmassivestonepillarssupportedtheroof.八根巨大的石柱支撐起房頂?！颿ompel:vt.forcesb.todosth.強迫；迫使e.g.Asaschoolboy,hewascompelledtowearshortseveninwinter.當他還是一個在校的小男孩時，即使在冬天他也被迫穿短褲。UsageNOTEcompel,oblige,force這三個詞都有“強迫”之意，但程度不同。1compel表示“強迫；迫使”，指“運用權(quán)力、力量迫使對方做某事”，尤其在被動語態(tài)中含“別無他法；不得不做”之意，compel的意義比force弱。例：Hisillnesscompelledhimtostayinbed.他的病迫使他臥床休息。2oblige表示“強制；不得不”，指“因法律、道義、習俗或許諾的約束而必須去做某事”，多用被動語態(tài)，語氣相對較弱。例：Weareobligedtostopthecarataredlight.我們遇到紅燈時必須停車。3force表示“強迫；迫使；逼迫”，指“以暴力威脅、武力強迫對方做某事”，后面跟的動作常是不情愿做的事，force的語氣比compel和oblige強。例：Thepoorpeasantwasforcedtosellhisdaughtertothelandlord.那位貧窮的農(nóng)民被迫將自己的女兒賣給地主?！颿ompelling:erestingorexcitingenoughtokeepyourattentioncompletely有強烈吸引力的；引人入勝的e.g.SteveJobs’lifemakesacompellingstory.史蒂夫·喬布斯的一生是一個引人入勝的故事。10Here,pleaseallowmetostandupforandpromotethetruevaluethatthehumanitiesaddtopeople’slives.(Para.4)Meaning:Ihereaskforyourpermissiontoletmedefendandadvertisethetruevaluethatthehumanitiesbringtopeople’slives.★standupfor:supportordefendapersonoranideawhentheyarebeingattacked支持；保衛(wèi)；維護e.g.Marystoodupformeatthemeeting,sparingmesomeembarrassment.瑪麗在會議上支持了我，使我免受了一些尷尬。★promote:vt.supportorencouragesth.支持；鼓勵；提倡e.g.Toacknowledgeothercultureswillpromotegoodwillamongpeopleofdifferentbackgrounds.承認別人的文化會促進不同背景的人之間的友好親善。11Sinceancienttimes,peoplehavespeculatedaboutthemysteryofthoseinnerforcesthatdrivesomepeopletogreatnessandotherstoself-destruction.(Para.4)Meaning:Eversinceancienttimes,peoplehavethoughtcarefullyandseriouslywhythemysteriousforcescomingfromtheirinnerworldcouldbesopowerfulthatitcouldmakesomepeoplegreatwhileothersmorallydeteriorate.★speculate:v.considerordiscusswhysth.hashappened思索；沉思；推測；猜測e.g.Archeologistsspeculatethatpeoplefirstreachedtheislandsover1,000yearsago.考古學家們推測人類第一次到達這些島嶼是在一千多年前。speculateabout/on:makeguessesaboutthepossiblecausesoreffectsofsth.withoutknowingallthefactsordetails猜測；推測e.g.Itistooearlytospeculateabouttheoutcomeofthenegotiationsbetweentheworkersunionandthecompany’sleadership.要推測工會和公司管理層之間的談判結(jié)果，還為時過早。12Thisinnerdrivehasbeencalledmanythingsoverthecenturies.(Para.4)Meaning:Overthepastcenturies,manydifferentnameshavebeenusedtodescribethisinnerforceofhumanbeings.13Thefamouspsychologist,SigmundFreud,calleditthe“unconsciousmind”or,morefamiliarly,“instinct”.(Para.4)Meaning:SigmundFreud,afamouspsychologist,namedittheunintentionalmindor,morefamiliartous,naturalabilitytoknowsomething.14Fromthebeginningoftime,thisinneraspectofourbeing,thisdrivethatcanbeconstructiveordestructive,hascapturedourimagination.(Para.5)Meaning:Sinceancienttimes,itisthisveryinnerforceofourbeing,eitherconstructiveordestructive,thathasstimulatedourimagination.15Thestoriesofthisamazingstrugglehaveformedthebasisofculturestheworldover.(Para.5)Meaning:Itisthesestoriesaboutthisfascinatinginnerstruggleofhumanbeingsthathavelaidthefoundationoftheworldcultures.16Historians,architects,authors,philosophersandartistshavecapturedthewords,imagesandmeaningsofthisinnerstruggleintheformofstory,music,myth,painting,architecture,sculpture,landscapeandtraditions.(Para.5)Meaning:Ourhistorians,architects,authors,philosophersandartistshavesuccessfullycaughtthewords,imagesandmeaningsofthismysteriousinnerforcebywayofstory,music,myth,painting,architecture,sculpture,landscapeandtraditions.★intheformof:inthewaysth.isorappearstobe以…形式；以…方式e.g.Theyreceivedabenefitintheformofataxreduction.他們通過減稅的方式獲益。17Thesemenandwomendevelopedartistic“l(fā)anguages”thathelpusunderstandtheseaspirationsandalsoeducategenerations.(Para.5)Meaning:Theartisticworksandmasterpiecescreatedbythesemenandwomenhelpusunderstandthestrongdesiresandbeautifuldreamsofhumanbeingsandalsohelpeducatefuturegenerations.Meaningbeyondwords:“Language”isinthequotationmarksbecausetheworddoesn’tjustrefertotheregularmeaningbuttoallthethingsmentionedearlier:story,music,myth,painting,architecture,sculpture,landscapeandtraditions.18Thisfertilebodyofworkfromancienttimes,theveryfoundationofcivilization,formsthebasisofstudyofthehumanities.(Para.5)Meaning:Thelargeamountofworkfilledwithrichideasandimaginationfromancienttimes–thefundamentalcomponentsofcivilization–providesthebasisofthestudyofthehumanities.★a/thebodyofsth.:alargeamountormassofsth.,esp.sth.thathasbeencollected大量的某物e.g.Acquiringalanguageislearningaskill,notcollectingabodyofinformation.學語言是學習技能，而不是獲取大量的信息。19Studyingthehumanitiesimprovesourabilitytoreadandwrite.Nomatterwhatwedoinlife,wewillhaveahugeadvantageifwecanreadcomplexideasandunderstandtheirmeaning.Wewillhaveabrightcareerifwearethepersonintheofficewhocanwriteaclearandelegantanalysisofthoseideas!(Para.6)Meaning:Studyingthehumanitieshelpsusimproveourreadingandwritingability.Inwhateversituation,itisagreatadvantageifweunderstandcomplexideasthroughreading.Toillustrate,ifwearethepersonintheofficewhocanwriteandanalyzethosecomplexideasinalogical,clear,intelligentyetsimplemanner,wewillhaveapromisingcareer.SentencestructureNOTEnomatter常與疑問代詞或疑問副詞一起構(gòu)成連詞詞組引導讓步狀語從句，意為“不管…，無論…”，在使用時應注意以下幾點：1注意從句的時態(tài)由nomatter引導的從句多用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如：Nomatterwhoyouare,youmustobeytherules.無論你是誰，都應該遵守規(guī)則。Ouraimistorecruitthebestpersonforthejob,nomatterwheretheyarefrom.我們的目標是招聘到該工作的最佳人選，不管他們來自哪里。2注意被修飾的名詞、形容詞以及副詞的位置nomatterwhat/whose/which修飾名詞時，該名詞必須緊跟其后；nomatterhow修飾形容詞或副詞時，該形容詞或副詞也必須緊跟其后。例如：Nomatterwhichmethodyouuse,youwillgetthesameresult.不管你用哪種方法做，結(jié)果都一樣。Nomatterhowhardheworks,hefindsitdifficulttomakeendsmeet.無論他工作多么努力，他總是入不敷出。20Studyingthehumanitiesmakesusfamiliarwiththelanguageofemotionandthecreativeprocess.(Para.7)Meaning:Wegetmorefamiliarwiththeexpressionsofemotionandtheprocessofcreationbystudyingthehumanities.21Inaninformationeconomy,manypeoplehavetheabilitytoproduceausefulproductsuchasanewMP3player.(Para.7)Meaning:Inaneconomydrivenbyinformation,manypeoplearecapableofproducingausefulcommoditylikeanewMP3player.22Yet,veryfewpeoplehavetheabilitytocreateaspectacularbrand:theiPod.(Para.7)Meaning:ButveryfewpeoplehavetheabilitytocreateanextremelyimpressiveproductnamesuchastheiPod.23Mostimportantly,studyingthehumanitiesinvestsuswithgreatinsightandself-awareness,therebyreleasingourcreativeenergyandtalentinapositiveandconstructivemanner.(Para.7)Meaning:Themostimportantadvantageforustostudythehumanitiesisthatitenablesustobecomemoreanalyticalandself-aware;therefore,ourcreativenessandtalentarebroughtoutinapositiveandconstructiveway.★investsb./sth.withsth.:(fml.)givesb.orsth.aparticularquality賦予（某人或某物）以（某種性質(zhì)）e.g.Naturehasinvestedtheseanimalswithacapacityfornotshowingfear.自然界賦予了這些動物不顯露恐懼的本領(lǐng)。★thereby:ad.(fml.)becauseoforbymeansofwhathasjustbeenmentioned因此；從而；借此e.g.Westartedourjourneyearly,therebyavoidingmostofthetraffic.我們早早地開始了我們的旅程，從而避開了交通堵塞的高峰期。24Perhapsthebestargumentinfavorofthehumanitiesisthescopeofpossibilitiesthatarewidelyopentous.(Para.8)Meaning:Themostvalidargumenttosupportthehumanitiesisperhapstheycanprovideuswithawiderangeofopportunities.★infavorof:supportingapersonoranidea,proposal,etc.thatyoubelieveisright支持；贊同e.g.Congresshasdecidedinfavorofa$200millionhousingdevelopment.美國國會已決定贊成一個兩億美元發(fā)展住房的計劃?！飔hescopeof:therangeof范圍e.g.TheStudentAssociationhaspromisedtowidenthescopeofactivities.學生會已承諾要擴大活動范圍。25Famouspeoplewhostudiedthehumanitiesmakealonglistindeed.It’seasytoseethatthehumanitiescanprepareusformanydifferentcareersandjobswecanundertake,whethermedicine,business,scienceorentertainment.(Para.8)Meaning:Itistruethatfamouspeoplewhostudiedthehumanitiescanmakeupalonglist.Obviously,thehumanitiesenableustoengageinmanydifferentcareersandjobs,nomatterwhethertheyaremedicine,business,scienceorentertainment.★undertake:vt.(undertook,undertaken)agreetoberesponsibleforajoborprojectanddoit承擔；著手做e.g.Dr.JohnsonundertookthetaskofwritingacomprehensiveEnglishdictionary.約翰遜博士著手寫一本詳盡的英語詞典。26Ifwestudyonlymathematics,it’slikelywewillbeacandidateonlyforjobsasamathematician.(Para.8)Meaning:Ifwestudyonlymathematics,verypossiblywewillbeapersonwhoonlycompetesforjobsasamathematician.Meaningbeyondwords:Wecanbemorecompetitiveifwestudythehumanities,togetherwithmathematics.27Ifweincludestudyingthehumanities,wecanmakebreakthroughsonmanybarriersandarelimitedonlybyoureffortandimagination.(Para.8)Meaning:Ifwealsostudythehumanities,wecansuccessfullyremovemanyobstaclesonourwayandstilldevelopourpotentialunlesswedon’ttryenoughandlackimagination.28Ofcourse,nowadays,ifwestudythehumanitiesalone,weareliabletomissmanyopportunities.(Para.9)Meaning:Itisforsurethatnowadaysifwestudythehumanitiesalone,wearelikelytomissmanychancesoropportunities.★liable:(be~todosth.)likelytodosth.inaparticularwaybecauseofafaultortendency可能(易于)做某事的e.g.Manypartsofthecountryareliabletosufferfromflooding.該國的許多地方易遭水災。29Insummary,thehumani