新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)讀寫教程1 備課筆記

新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)讀寫教程1備課筆記新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)讀寫教程1備課筆記新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)讀寫教程1備課筆記xxx公司新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)讀寫教程1備課筆記文件編號(hào)：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準(zhǔn)審核制定方案設(shè)計(jì)，管理制度Unit1Preview<Generalidea>TraditionalclassroomThewaysoflearning(studyindependently)OnlinecoursesMoreconvenientDonotfeelintimidatedThinkclearly<Newwords>nolonger=not…anylonger“不再”（和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用）Henolongerworkshere.（在主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間）Hedoesnotworkhereanylonger.（句尾）means(1)[C](method,instrument)方式；手段；工具單復(fù)數(shù)同形Useforceasthemeansofsettlingconflicts.Allpossiblemeanshavebeenadopted.(2)[N]收入，財(cái)富，金錢Aperson/manofmeans(3)[P]livewithinone’smeans量入為出livebeyondone’smeans入不敷出bymeansof通過；采用~方式Thisisatwoyearcoursetaughtbymeansoflectures.(4)convention慣用語(yǔ)byallmeans當(dāng)然可以，完全可以CanIcomeandhavealookatyourhouse?

Yes,byallmeans.advantage[C]有利條件，好處，優(yōu)勢(shì)Anotheradvantagesofbadtimeisthatthere’slesscompetition.There’sanotheradvantageofbeingpooradoctorwillcureyoufaster.Therearemanyadvantagestoworkinghard.ChinahasadvantagesoverotherAsiancountries.anadvantageoverA與A相比某事物的優(yōu)點(diǎn)、優(yōu)勢(shì)

anadvantagetoAA事物的優(yōu)點(diǎn)、優(yōu)勢(shì)[P]takeadvantageof利用Iintendtotakefulladvantageofthistriptobuythethingsweimidate[vt]恐嚇，威脅Nimidated[adj]受到威脅的，害怕的ShebuysclothesfromstoresthatI’imidating[adj]令人膽怯的，令人害怕的He’sahugeintimidatingfigure.thinkthrough想透，想清楚并得出結(jié)論Hewillthinkthroughhisdecision.Beforeyoustartyourhabitchange,thinkthroughyourmotivation.trytodosomething努力做某事（還沒做）trydoingsomething試著做某事（已經(jīng)在進(jìn)行中）Hetriedtofinishtheworkaheadoftime.Iusuallygotherebytrain.Whynottrygoingbyboatforachange

*stop,remember,forget等+不定式todo（未做）動(dòng)名詞doing（已做）SectionAPre-readingTheinternetmaybeabletohelpyouovercomeyourfrustrationswithlearningEnglish.IstartedlearningEnglishwhenIwasinjuniormiddleschool.Ididn’thowevergaincommandofthelanguageintheclassroom.ItwasonlywhenItriedlearningEnglishthroughanonlinecoursethatIfinallybecameproficient.Theonlinecoursewasjustasdifficultasclassroomstudy,butitprovidedbetterresults.Thereweremanyotheradvantagestoonlinelearningaswell.Ittaughtmehowtomanagemytimebettertoincludemyonlinestudiesinmybusyschedule.Learningbettertimemanagementhaspaidmanyrewardssince.<Generalidea>Theadvantagesoftakingonlinecoursesbetterresultsthanclassroomstudybettertimemanagement<Newwords>overcome[vt]克服，控制，戰(zhàn)勝Findawaytoovercomeyourdifficulties.overcometheenemy[vt]（常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）感情上受到影響；使受不了(with,by)ThenightbeforethetestIwasovercomebyfearanddespair.Theresidentsweretryingtoescapefromthefirebutwereovercomebysmoke.frustration[n]挫折；失??；挫敗；失意There

are

many

other

reasons

for

frustration.Frustrationandmistrustaregrowing.frustrate[vt]挫?。蛔钃希皇故艽煺跿hesequestionsfrustratedme.frustrated[adj]挫敗的，失意的，泄氣的Talkitoutsothatyoudon'tfeelfrustrated,orbored.frustrating[adj]使人沮喪的，令人泄氣的Thecurrentsituationisveryfrustratingforus...ItisafrustratinganddifficulttimeforTom.junior[adj]較年幼的，較年小的；三年級(jí)的，低年級(jí)的；資歷較淺的Studentsspendsixyearsinelementaryeducationandthreeyearsinjuniormiddleschool.Ofcourse,asajuniordesignerIdidn'tgetmuch.[N]年少者，青少年；晚輩；三年級(jí)生；職位較低者Shemarriedamansevenyearsherjunior.Itwasthesummerbeforehisjunioryearinhighficient[adj]精通的，熟練的AgreatnumberofChineseareproficientinforeignlanguages.Ifyouareaproficientwriteryoucanwriteabookoraplay.[n]能手，老手，專家Aproficientinmusicaswell也（too，位于句尾）Youknow,computersbringtroublesaswell.Watercomesintooursystemsnotjustfromdrinkingbutfromeatingaswell.Icandoitaswell.reward[vt]獎(jiǎng)賞；回報(bào)Itisoftennecessarytorewardpeoplefortheirhardwork,ifyouwantthemtocontinueworkinghardforyou.[N][C,U]獎(jiǎng)賞；回報(bào)Asarewardforpassingtheexams,shegotanewbikefromherparents.Shegotnorewardforallthehardworkshedid.rewarding [adj]值得做的，有益的，有意義的Doingexercisecanbeveryrewardingforeveryone.Shefindshercareerveryrewarding.PassageALearningaforeignlanguage<Textstructureanalysis>Para1Foreignlanguagelearning,arewardingexperience,isworththeeffort.Para2Atjuniormiddleschool:Positiveteachingmethodledtogoodlanguage-learningresults.Para3Atseniormiddleschool:Myteacherwasimpatientwhichmademeloseinterestinlearningthelanguage.Para4Atcollege:LargeclassesandstudentswithbetterEnglishmademefeelintimidatedwhenIspokeEnglish,andthispreventedmefromlearningfurtherPara5Thelanguage-learningsituationchangedforthebetterwhenIbeganlearningonline.Para6Onlinelearningisnoteasierthantraditionalclassroomlearning.Itrequirescommitmentanddisciplinetokeepupwiththecourse.Para7Therehavebeenupsanddownswithmyonlinelearning.However,IdidnotfeelintimidatedbystudentswithbetterEnglish,andIfinallyreapedthebenefitsofmyhardwork.Para8Learningaforeignlanguagehasbeendifficultbuthasbroughtmemanybenefits.<Newwords>Learningaforeignlanguagewasoneofthemostdifficultyetmostrewardingexperiencesofmylife.yet[adv]然而，不過Theywerebornpoor,yetproud.attimes有時(shí)，偶爾Heusedtogotothetheatreattimes.他以前偶爾會(huì)去看看戲。Attimeshefeelsthathewantstoleavehisjob.有時(shí)他真想辭職。beworthsth./doingsth.值得...的Thewatchisworthmorethantheprice.這表的價(jià)值超出標(biāo)價(jià)。Doingmorningexercisesisworththetime.花點(diǎn)時(shí)間做早操是值得的。He'sdecidedtogetalookatthehouseandseeifitmightbeworthbuying.Isthedreamworthpursuing?positive[adj]積極的Weneedtotakepositivestepstoimprovethesituation.[adj]確實(shí)的，明確的Itseemsunlikelytome,butsheseemedverypositive.I'mabsolutelypositiveIhaven'tmadeamistake.worryabout擔(dān)心，煩惱Doyouworryaboutyourweight?

Iworryaboutmygrades.beworriedabout為…擔(dān)心，煩惱Don'tbeworriedaboutmyabilityoflearningEnglish.Youmaybeworriedaboutyourappearance.atthetopof在…頂上Start

reading

at

the

top

of

the

page.onthetopof在頂部的The

dawns

on

the

top

of

that

mountain

are

impressive.那山頂上的黎明予人深刻的印象。senior[adj]（地位、水平、層次）較高的Televisionandradioneededmanymorewomeninseniorjobs.電視和廣播領(lǐng)域需要有更多女性來(lái)?yè)?dān)任高級(jí)職位。[N][C]較年長(zhǎng)者Herhusbandwasnineyearshersenior.她丈夫比她大9歲。[C]（地位或等級(jí)）較高者；長(zhǎng)輩Onlytheseniorsmadethedecisions.beeagertodosth.beeagerforsth.盼望，渴望Jessicaiseager

to

communicate

with

people

from

various

cultures.Finally,

as

a

student,

he

should

be

eager

for

knowledge

and

williing

to

work

hard.continuedoingsth.繼續(xù)做同一件事（還沒完成）continuetodosth.繼續(xù)做另一件事情（已經(jīng)完成一件工作）Afterarest,hecontinueshisreading.Afterhefinishedreadinganovel,hecontinuedtoplaygameswithhisfriends.bedifferentfrom與…不同；不同于Everyone

wants

to

be

different

from

others,

as

a

result,

everyone

is

alike.former[adj]在前的，以前的，舊時(shí)的A

former

schoolmate

of

mine

started

a

tourism

business.[n](theformer)前者GiventhechoicebetweenawhiteT-shirtandagreenone,mostpeoplewouldchoosetheformerbecausegreenisnotpopular.bepatientwith對(duì)…有耐心Agooddoctorshouldbepatientwitheverypatient.in-不，非，無(wú)（prefix前綴）incorrect（不正確的），incapable（無(wú)能力的），inaccurate（不準(zhǔn)確的）inactive（不活躍的），insignificant（不重要的），invisible（不可見的，看不見的）inability（無(wú)能，無(wú)力）notonly,butalso的部分倒裝

notonly…butalso…前后連接兩個(gè)句子時(shí)，notonly后的句子要用部分倒裝，但butalso后的分句不用倒裝。Notonlydidhecome,buthealsosawher.Notonlyisheateacher,butheisalsoapoet.Notonlydidhespeakmorecorrectly,buthealsospokemoreslowly.Notonlydidtheypresentamusicalperformance,buttheyalsogaveabriefintroductiontothehistoryofWesterninstruments.unlike[prep]不像；和...不同Shewasunlikehimineverywayexceptforhereyes.farfrom 一點(diǎn)都不The

project

is

far

from

perfect.Iknowhewashurt,buthewasfarfrombeingthepersonwhowashurtmost.beableto能夠Youwillbeabletoadviseus.acoupleof一些，幾個(gè)Iwillneedacoupleofminutestocompletethereport.Imethimacoupleoftimeslastyear.beafraidtodosthbeafraidofsth/doingsthIusedtobeafraid____bigdogs,nowI'mstillafraid___bigdogs.Aof,toseeBto,ofseeingCofseeing,toDto,ofmedium[n][C]媒介，媒體TVisamediumforgivinginformationandopinions.Lighttravelsthroughthemediumofair.[adj]中等的Whatsizeshirtdoeshewear—mediumorlarge

get/have/obtainaccessto有權(quán)享用；可以使用Peoplelivingherehaveaccesstothepoolforfree.IfIcouldgetaccesstotheheadoffices,Icouldtellthemanagementmynewideasabouthowtoimprovethiscompany.participate(in)[vi]takepart(in)參與，參加Somemembersrefusedtoparticipate.Onlypersonsaged20yearsorovermayparticipateinthiscontest.virtual [adj]虛擬的Thisisavirtualshoppingcentre

[adj]實(shí)質(zhì)上的；實(shí)際上的Itisavirtualcertaintythatyouwillbecomethebeststudentinthisclass;you'mitment [N][U]投入,致力，獻(xiàn)身(~to)Hiscommitmenttostudyhasmadehimthemostsuccessfulpersoninhissmalltown.[N][C]apromisetofollowcertainbeliefsoractions承諾，許諾，保證Marriageisalifelongcommitment.keepupwith趕上；不落后Thesmallchildhadtoruninordertokeepupwithhisbrother.I'mhavingtroublekeepingupwiththerestoftheclass.26.discipline [N][U]紀(jì)律；自制能力Hedidnotlikethearmybecauseofthestrictdiscipline.Ittakesalotofdisciplinetoeatlessandloseweight.[N][C]學(xué)科Shehasnotyetdecidedwhichdisciplinetotakeatcollege,butshemightstudyhistory.27.minimum[adj]最低的，最小的Theminimumagetobuycigarettesis18.[n][sing.]最低限度；最少量Youhavetostayforaminimumofsevendays.你起碼要呆上7天。Thepriceisherminimum;sherefusestoloweritanymore.28.assignment [N][C]任務(wù)；作業(yè)As

soon

as

you

get

the

assignment,

ask

for

a

deadlinefirst.Theteacheraskedherstudentstofinishtheirassignmentseveryday.29.aswellas既…又…；除…之外（也）；此外I'mlearningJapaneseaswellasEnglish.Wehaveshortcomingsaswellasgoodpoints.30.embarrass[vt]使尷尬；使窘迫；使害羞;使（公眾人物、組織等）難堪；給…出難題Doesyourbossoftenpullyoudownandembarrassyouinfrontofcolleagues?

你的老板是否經(jīng)常給你拆臺(tái)，并且在同事面前讓你難堪？Don'tembarrasshimwithprivatethings.embarrassed[adj]局促不安的；為難的；尷尬的；窘迫的Helookedabitembarrassed.anembarrassedsilenceembarrassing[adj]使人尷尬的，令人為難的Thatwasanembarrassingsituationforme.31.onceinawhile時(shí)不時(shí)，偶爾，間或Ireadnovelsonceinawhiletogivemybrainarest.32.feellikesth./doingsth.想要；想做Ifeellikeacupoftea.我想要杯咖啡。Ijustdon'tfeellikedoinganythingtonight.今晚我什么事情都不想干。33.giveup 停止，放棄Myteachertoldmenottogiveupnomatterhowdifficultthingsbecome.I'vegivenuptryingtogethertochangehermind.34.thinkout 仔細(xì)考慮；推敲；琢磨Ineedtimetothinkthingsout.Shehadn'tthoughtoutwhatshewasgoingtosayattheparty.35.post [vt]發(fā)帖子；張貼TheypostnoticesontheInternet.36.justabout幾乎；幾近；大約；馬上Thatwouldbejustaboutperfect.I'eacross偶然遇到；偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)I'venevercomeacrossanyonelikeherbefore.WhileIwascleaningthehouse,IcameacrosssomeoldpicturesIhadneverseenbefore.38.continual[adj]不間斷的；不停的；多次重復(fù)的；頻繁的Writedownyournightmare,ortellsomeoneelseaboutittostopthecontinualthoughts.continually[adv]不停地；持續(xù)地；屢屢地；一再地TheMuseumiscontinuallydeveloping—there'ssomethingnewtoseeeveryyear.Thechildwascontinuallychanginghismind.39.reap[vt]獲得，得到Nowtheyhavecometoreapthebenefitsoftheirhardwork.現(xiàn)在他們?cè)撜∷麄兊膭趧?dòng)成果了。Thosewhotakerisksoftenreapgreatrewards.肯冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，才有大收獲。[vt]收割；收獲Thewomenwerealloutreapingthefields.婦女們都出去收割莊稼了。40.benefit [N][C]益處，好處Tourismhasbroughtmanybenefitstothearea.[vt&vi]有益于Thenewteachingprogramwillbenefitmanystudents.Thebanksufferswhileitsofficersbenefit.41.trying[adj]令人難于忍受的；難堪的；令人厭煩的Inthesetryingtimestherearemanychallengesaheadforthegovernment.42.tradefor 用…換…Itradedmyoldcarforanewone.Inordertopayoffhisdebts,hehadtotradehispianoformoney.43..insight[N][C,U]洞悉；深刻的見解Thelectureprovidesnewinsightsintothewaywelearnlanguage.Herresearchhasgivenussomeinsightintowhatsparksachild'scuriosity.44.manymore更多manymore和muchmore都可指“更多”。manymore后接一個(gè)名詞一定是個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。若不接名詞，則more本身就被看作是一個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表示復(fù)數(shù)概念。Somestudentsareagainsttheplan,butmanymore(students)supportit.muchmore后接一個(gè)名詞，這個(gè)名詞一定是個(gè)不可數(shù)名詞。若不接名詞，則more本身就被看作是一個(gè)不可數(shù)名詞。Thefarmershaveproducedmuchmorerice.Shehasmuchmoretodo.manymore不可能修飾形容詞和副詞，而muchmore和farmore,evenmore,stillmore等一樣，可以修飾形容詞和副詞，表示“更加”。ThisTVsetismuchmoreexpensive.Heworkedmuchmorecarefullyonthenewdesign.45.insteadof 而不是；代替Theyraisedpricesandcutproductioninsteadofcuttingcosts.他們又是提價(jià)，又是減產(chǎn)，卻沒有降低成本。HetookEnglishashismajorinsteadofJapanese.46.reachoutto接觸，聯(lián)系Onlinelearninghelpsusreachouttonewfriends.47.gap[n][C]差距；分歧There'saten-yeargapbetweenKay'stwochildren.Theagegapbetweenusdidn'tseemtomatteruntilwedecidedtohavechildren.bridgethegap彌合分歧，彌合鴻溝Exercises<Vocabulary>estimate<vt>估計(jì)，估算；評(píng)價(jià)，評(píng)論；估量，估價(jià)Iestimatethatthetotalcostfortreatmentwillbe$12,500...<N>估計(jì)，預(yù)測(cè)；報(bào)價(jià)，預(yù)算書；評(píng)價(jià)，判斷Insb’sestimateataroughestimatecomplain<vi>~about/of抱怨，訴苦；申訴，控訴，抗議Several

months

ago,

my

friend

anna

called

to

complain

about

her

boyfriend

of

eight

months.Chinesefirmscomplainoftroublewithvisas.<vt>訴說，申訴，控告[后面常跟從句]Splaint<N>daredare有時(shí)用作普通動(dòng)詞，如，Hedaredtospeak和Hedoesn'tdaretospeak；有時(shí)又用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如，Hedaren'tspeak。<aux>（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）敢，竟敢Dareshetellhim.Hedarenotenter.<vi>敢；敢于MostpeoplehateHarrybuttheydon'tdaretosayso.<vt>敢；敢做；激（某人做某事）；問（某人）有沒有膽量（做某事）Idareyoutositthroughforty-fiveminuteswithsomeonelikeVincent!havebeendoing現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)havep.p現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)二者有共同點(diǎn)，但最大區(qū)別在于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)更強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性。Shehasbeenwritingthelettersincetwohoursago.兩個(gè)小時(shí)以來(lái),她一直都在寫信

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)一、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成have/hasbeenworking二、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的功能（一）表示從過去某時(shí)開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，并且還將持續(xù)下去。IhavebeenlearningEnglishsincetenyearsago.自從十年前以來(lái)我一直在學(xué)英語(yǔ)。（動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去）（二）表示在說話時(shí)刻之前剛剛結(jié)束的動(dòng)作。Wehavebeenwaitingforyouforhalfanhour.我們已經(jīng)等你半個(gè)鐘頭了。（動(dòng)作不再繼續(xù)下去）（三）表示一個(gè)從過去開始延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可以包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的一個(gè)階段內(nèi)，重復(fù)發(fā)生的行動(dòng)。Shehasbeenplayingtennissinceshewaseight.注意：（一）表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。Ihaveknownhimforyears.我認(rèn)識(shí)他已經(jīng)好幾年了。（二）有些現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子等同于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子。Ihavebeenworkinghereforfiveyears.Ihaveworkedhereforfiveyears.我在這里已經(jīng)工作兩年了。（三）大多數(shù)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子不等同于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子。Ihavebeenwritingabook.（動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去）我一直在寫一本書。Ihavewrittenabook.（動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成）我已經(jīng)寫了一本書。

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別（一）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)分“已完成”和“未完成”兩種用法：1．“已完成”指的是動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，強(qiáng)調(diào)其對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響。Ihaveseenthisfilm.我看過這部電影。(意思說我已經(jīng)知道了電影的內(nèi)容。)注意：“已完成”這種用法一般不帶時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但可以和already,yet,before,ever,just,no等副詞連用。Ihaveneversaidheisrich.我從來(lái)不說他有錢。

2.“未完成”指的是動(dòng)作從過去開始，且一直繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。因此不能用表示瞬間性的或稱短暫性的動(dòng)詞?！拔赐瓿伞钡默F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與since結(jié)構(gòu)或“for+一段時(shí)間”的狀語(yǔ)連用。IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.我一出生就住在這里。

注意：“未完成”這種用法還常與untilnow,sofar,in/duringthepast/last...等連用。Inthepasttenyears,manynewschoolshavebeenbuiltupinourcity.過去十年中我市已興建了許多新學(xué)校。（二）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的“未完成”用法類似。它強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)，常常譯做“一直在……”。其基本用法有三個(gè)：1.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示從過去開始、現(xiàn)在仍在繼續(xù)的動(dòng)作。其時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)除了since結(jié)構(gòu)和for結(jié)構(gòu)外，還有allthistime,thisweek,thismonth,allnight,allthemorning,recently等狀語(yǔ)。I’vebeenwaitingforanhourandhestillhasn’tturnedup.我等了一個(gè)小時(shí)，可他還沒來(lái)。2.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)還用來(lái)表示從過去開始、現(xiàn)在剛剛結(jié)束的動(dòng)作。I’msorryI’mlate.Haveyoubeenwaitinglong?真對(duì)不起，我遲到了。你等了很久了吧?3.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)還可以用來(lái)表示反復(fù)的、連續(xù)的動(dòng)作。Shehasbeentelephonedherhusband,butthereisnoanswer.她一直在給她丈夫打電話，但沒有人接。4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作行為的結(jié)果、影響，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作行為本身。Tom’shandsareverydirty.Hehasbeenrepairingthecar.Thecarisgoingagainnow.Tomhasrepairedtakeplace發(fā)生，舉行Electionstakeplaceeveryfouryears.Themeetingwilltakeplaceasplanned.layinOldsallylayinbedinafreezingcoldroom.(躺)Localleadersdecidedthatthecity’sfuturelayinleatherandfur.（在于）circumstance[N][C]情況；情形；形勢(shì)Iwishwecouldhavemetunderhappiercircumstances.[N](復(fù)數(shù))（事件發(fā)生的）情形，詳情，原委Hundredsofpeoplehaddiedthereinterriblecircumstancesduringandaftertherevolution.[N](復(fù)數(shù))生活狀況；境況；（尤指）經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況Iwouldn'thaveexpectedtofindyouinsuchcomfortablecircumstances.[ph]underanycircumstances在任何情況下，無(wú)論如何Shemadeitclearthatundernocircumstanceswouldshecancelthetrip.[ph]inthecircumstances/underthecircumstances在那種情況下，情況既然如此Inthecircumstances,Jenny'splanslookedhighlyappropriate.leadto把…帶到；領(lǐng)到；（道路）通向；導(dǎo)致Thatcanleadtoseriousconsequences.Clearquestionsleadtoclearanswers.<Sentencestructure>1.While作并列連詞用，意思為“而，然而”，表對(duì)比。Somepeoplewastefood,whileothershaven’tenough.Thesonwashavingagoodmealathome,whiletheparentswereworkinginthefields.2.notonly…butalso連接兩個(gè)分句，并且notonly位于句首時(shí)，第一個(gè)分句中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)要部分倒裝。Notonlydoesthesungiveuslight,butalsoitgivesusheat.NotonlydidhespeakEnglishcorrectly，butalsohespeaksitfluently.Notonlyisthisyoungmanclever,butalsoheishardworking.SectionBReadingskillsFindingoutwordmeanings<skills>definition,examples,synonyms,antonyms,wordstemsandaffixes,generalsenseofasentence<newwords>1.experienced[adj]有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的；老練的Thisoldmanisanexperiencedworker.2.figureout計(jì)算出，解決；弄明白First,figureoutexactlywhatyouwanttodoinlifeandwhatyouwanttobe.3.un-（prefix前綴）：構(gòu)成反義詞unfamiliar/unknown/unlike/unkind/uncomfortable/unhealthy/unable/unfinished/unfriendly…4.contextual[adj]文脈上的，前后關(guān)系的Useanycontextualcluesavailabletoyoutobegintounderstandwhatyouhear.context[N]（想法、事件等的）背景，環(huán)境Wearedoingthisworkinthecontextofreformsintheeconomic,socialandculturalfields.[N]上下文；語(yǔ)境Canyouguessthecontentsofthatcontractfromthecontext

[ph]incontext(在上下文中；置于背景之下)outofcontext(脫離上下文；斷章取義地)5.inorderto為了Allanimalshavetoeatinordertolive.6.remove[vt]消除Ican'tremovethisstainfromthecarpet.[vt]移開，挪走Tompausedtoremovehissunglasses.removal[N][U]消除；去除theremovalofobstacles[N]搬家；搬移；搬遷theremovaloffurniture7.relateto與有關(guān)Everysentenceshouldrelatetothatmainpoint.8.adversity[N]逆境；不幸；災(zāi)難Heshowedcourageinadversity.Peoplesmile,eveninadversity.9.scarce[adj]缺乏的，罕見的Foodwasscarceandexpensive…Jobsarebecomingincreasinglyscarce.10.extreme[adj]極其的，極度的Thegirlswereafraidofsnakesandpickedtheirwayalongwithextremecaution.[adj]極端的HereIdescribedanextremeexampleofthisdisease.[adj]偏激的；過激的Thisextremeviewhasn'tcapturedpopularopinion.(這種偏激的觀點(diǎn)未被大眾接受。)[adj]盡頭的；末端的theroomattheextremeendofthecorridor.(在走廊盡頭的那個(gè)房間)[n]極端；完全相反的事物a'middleway'betweentheextremesofsuccessandfailure…成功和失敗這兩個(gè)極端之間的“中間地帶”11.ubiquitous[adj]無(wú)所不在的；普遍存在的Sugarisubiquitousinthediet…糖在這種飲食里隨處可見。12.theoppositeof相反的Theoppositeofloveisnothate,isindifferent.13.futile[adj]無(wú)益的；無(wú)用的；徒勞的Itwouldbefutiletosustainhislifewhenthereisnochanceofanyimprovement.如果沒有任何好轉(zhuǎn)的機(jī)會(huì)，繼續(xù)維持他的生命也是無(wú)益的。14.re-（prefix前綴）：表示再一次rearrange（重新整理）、rebirth（再生）、rebuild（重建）、recount（重新計(jì)算）、redo（再做）、reenter（再進(jìn)入）、relive（再生）、remake（重制）redesign[v]重新設(shè)計(jì)Thehotelhasrecentlybeenredesignedandredecorated。15.baseon建立在…基礎(chǔ)上Oneownviewshouldbaseonthefact.(一個(gè)人應(yīng)該以事實(shí)作為自己看法的依據(jù)。)16.relyon信賴；依賴；依靠；信任Canwerelyonhimtosupportus?

Everyoneneedsafriendtorelyon.Allartisticachievementsrelyoninspiration.17.extricate[vt]使擺脫困難，脫身,解救；救出(from)Itisnotclearhowshewillextricateherselffromthemess.18.underline[vt]在…下面畫線Taketwocolouredpensandunderlinethepositiveandnegativewords.(用兩支彩筆分別在表示肯定和否定意義的詞下面畫線。)[vt]加強(qiáng)，強(qiáng)調(diào)Theyalsounderlinethatdrinkingtoomuchcancauseliverproblems.19.forum[N][C]論壇；討論會(huì)Italsoprovidedaforumforthelatestresearchresults.(它還為最新研究成果提供了一個(gè)論壇。)20.visual[adj]視覺的Childrenlearntoreadbyunderstandingvisualsymbols.21.barrier[N][C]障礙Alackofeducationisabarriertoagoodjob.22.hinder[vt]阻礙，妨礙，阻止Inotherwords,itwouldhelpthecompany'sbusiness,nothinderit.23.prevent[v]預(yù)防；阻礙；阻止Furthertreatmentwillpreventcancerfromdeveloping.Thepolicehavebeentryingtopreventthemcarryingweapons.25.instructor[N]教師；指導(dǎo)者HeworkedasadanceinstructorinLondon.instruct[vt]教育，指導(dǎo)Hewassenttoinstructtheworkersinoperatingthenewmachine.[vt]指示，命令；通知Touristsareinstructednottotakepicturesinsidethebuilding.Themanagerinstructedhissecretarytocancelallhisappointments.26.absolutely[adv]完全地；徹底地；絕對(duì)地Myanswerisabsolutelyyes.Jillisabsolutelyright…27.explicit[adj]清楚的；直截了當(dāng)?shù)腍e'snotbeingveryexplicitabouthisplans,ishe?

28.comment[N][C]意見；評(píng)論Theauthorgivesusefulcommentonmanyoftheideasdiscussed.Hewasnewtotheteamandwasn'tsurewhetherornotheshouldgivehiscommentsontheirdirection.[vi]評(píng)論Iaminnopositiontocommentonthematter.(我無(wú)權(quán)對(duì)此事發(fā)表評(píng)論。)29.attentive[adj]注意的；專心的；留意的Ourgroupwasevenmoreattentivethanusual.[adj]關(guān)心的；體貼的；殷勤的Hewasalwaysattentivetohiswife.(他對(duì)妻子總是很體貼。)30.assimilate[vt]吸收，理解，掌握Itwilltaketimetoassimilateallthesenewideas.31.critical[adj]極為重要的，關(guān)鍵性的Hishelpiscriticaltooursuccess.[adj]評(píng)論的Hemadeacriticalanalysisoftheevent.32.takein理解；領(lǐng)會(huì)；領(lǐng)悟Icouldn'ttakeinwhyyouareangry.takedown取下，拿下Alicetookthepaintingdownfromthewall.寫下；記錄Itookdownhiscommentsinshorthand.(我用速記法把他的評(píng)論記錄了下來(lái)。)33.analysis[N]分析，分解Wedidananalysisofthewaythatgovernmentmoneyhasbeenspentinthepast.34.effective[adj]有效的，起作用的Effectivecommunicationisvitalinproblemsolving.[adj]生效的ThenewlawwillbeeffectivefromApril16th.35.facilitator[N][C]促進(jìn)者，推動(dòng)者Thetutoristhefacilitatoroflearning,whilethelearnerisactive.(家教固然能促進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)習(xí)者自身才起主動(dòng)作用。)facilitate[vt]使容易；有助Withmoderntechnology,theprocessofcommunicationisgreatlyfacilitated.(有了現(xiàn)代化設(shè)備，交流的過程大大便利了。)36.quality[N][C]質(zhì)量；品質(zhì)Everyonecangreatlyimprovethequalityoflife.[adj]優(yōu)質(zhì)的，高質(zhì)量的Wehavebeensuccessfulbecauseweareofferingaqualityservice.PassageBKeytosuccessfulonlinelearning<Generalideas>Theidealqualitiesofsuccessfulonlinestudents:Beopen-mindedaboutsharinglife,work,andlearningexperiencesaspartofonlinelearning.Beabletocommunicatethroughwriting.Bewillingto“speakup”ifproblemsarise.Taketheprogramseriously.Acceptcriticalthinkinganddecisionmakingaspartofonlinelearning.Beabletothinkideasthroughbeforereplying.Keepupwiththeprogressofthecourse.<Newwords>While的用法Whileregularschoolsstillexist,thevirtualclassroomplayaanimportantroleintoday’slearningcommunity.（讓步狀語(yǔ)從句）Whileexplainingsomethingtoothers,studentsreinforcetheirownknowledgeaboutthesubject.（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）A、while用作名詞時(shí)，意為“一段時(shí)間，一會(huì)兒”。例如：Istayedthereforashortwhile.Thepostmancameashortwhileago.B、while用作連詞時(shí)，有以下幾種含義：1.意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)候，和……同時(shí)”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。WhileIwaswatchingTV，thebellrang.MeimeiwatchedTVwhilesheatehersupper.2.意為“雖然，盡管”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。Whileitwaslate，hewentonworking.Whileheisinpoorhealth，heworkshard.3.連接兩個(gè)并列句子，表示“對(duì)比”關(guān)系。Hewentoutforawalk，whileIstayedathome.Ilikesingingwhileshelikesdancing.Youlikesports，whileIprefermusic.C、while引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1.while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句既可放在句首，也可放在句末；而while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句一般放在句首，不放在句末。另外，也可以從意義上加以區(qū)分。Whilehewastired，hewentonworking.（雖然他累了，但他還是繼續(xù)工作。）（while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句）Whilehewastired，hewouldhavearest.（他累了就休息一會(huì)兒。）（while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）2.while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，如果從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)相同，那么從句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be都可以省略。Whilehewasill,hewentthere.（=Whileill，hewentthere.）（雖然他有病，但他還是去那里了。）3.while和when都可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，但應(yīng)注意：while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞；而when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，也可以是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，while和when可以互相替換。Whileweweretalking，theteachercamein.Thebushadleftwhenwearrivedatthebusstop.（arrive是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，因此，此句中的when不能用while替換。）When/Whilewewerehavingameeting，ourteachercamein.（have是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，因此，句中的when可以用while替換。）4.while引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句還可以表示“某個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行的同時(shí)，另一個(gè)動(dòng)作也在進(jìn)行之中”。Whiletheteacherwasspeaking，thestudentswerelistening.Whilehewaswriting，Iwasreading.playarolein起作用；扮演~角色Onlinelearningisplayingaveryimportantroleineducation.MnyfamousactorshaveplayedtheroleofHmunity[N][C]團(tuán)體；界Therearefourwaysyoucanhelpprovidethisimportantservicetoouracademiccommunity.（你可以通過四種方式協(xié)助向我們學(xué)會(huì)提供這項(xiàng)重要服務(wù)。）[N][C]區(qū)；社區(qū)居民Theymaderegulationstobettermanagethecommunity.（他們確立規(guī)章制度，以更好地管理社區(qū)。）expand[v]（使）變大；（使）擴(kuò)張；（使）膨脹Eversincehestartedschool,hehastriedtoexpandhismindwithnewinformation.(從開始上學(xué)起，他就想用新知識(shí)充實(shí)頭腦。)be/becomeawareof認(rèn)識(shí)到，知道，覺察到Areyouawareofmycoming你知道我要來(lái)嗎

Iwasnotawarethatyouhadalreadyheardofthenews.不知道你們已經(jīng)聽說了這消息。unique[adj]極不尋常的，極好的Theexhibitionprovidedauniqueopportunitytoseetheartist'swork.[adj]唯一的，獨(dú)特的，獨(dú)一無(wú)二的Eachperson'sfingerprintsareunique.ideal[adj]最好的，理想的idealplaceforahomewouldbenearapark.[adj]想象的，理想化的Platodreamedofanidealsociety.柏拉圖夢(mèng)想有一個(gè)理想社會(huì)。aspartof~的一部分Youcouldmentionthisresearchaspartofyourdiscussion.inaddition另外，加之Inaddition,thissnowalsocausedatleastthreepeoplewerekilled.Theyboughtsomejunkfoodinaddition.reflecton深思，考慮Hehadtimetoreflectonhissuccessesandfailures.他有時(shí)間對(duì)自己的成功和失敗進(jìn)行反思。inthisway這樣，以這種方式Inthiswaypollutioncanbesloweddown.perspective[N][C]視角；觀點(diǎn)Lawyersandeconomistsoftenapproachproblemsfromdifferentperspectives.律師與經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家看待問題的角度往往是不同的。Wemustlookattheproblemintherightperspectiveifwearetomakepositivechangeinthewaywedothings.如果要積極改變我們做事的辦法,必須以正確的眼光看待這個(gè)問題。peer[N][C]同齡人；同等地位的人Theboywaspopularwithhispeers.那個(gè)男孩很受同齡人的歡迎。Americanchildrendidnotdoaswellinmatha