UNIT 10 Profits of Praise課文翻譯大學(xué)英語二

UNIT10ProfitsofPraise課文翻譯大學(xué)英語二UNIT10ProfitsofPraise課文翻譯大學(xué)英語二UNIT10ProfitsofPraise課文翻譯大學(xué)英語二資料僅供參考文件編號：2022年4月UNIT10ProfitsofPraise課文翻譯大學(xué)英語二版本號：A修改號：1頁次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：Unit10ProfitsofPraiseArewetooquicktoblameandslowtopraiseItseemsweare.ItwastheendofmyexhaustingfirstdayaswaitressinabusyNewYorkrestaurant.Mycaphadgoneawry,myapronwasstained,myfeetached.TheloadedtraysIcarriedfeltheavierandheavier.Wearyanddiscouraged,Ididn'tseemabletodoanythingright.AsImadeoutacomplicatedcheckforafamilywithseveralchildrenwhohadchangedtheirice-creamorderadozentimes,Iwasreadytoquit.Thenthefathersmiledatmeashehandedmemytip."Welldone,"hesaid."You'velookedafterusreallywell."Suddenlymytirednessvanished.Ismiledback,andlater,whenthemanageraskedmehowI'dlikedmyfirstday,Isaid,"Fine!"Thosefewwordsofpraisehadchangedeverything.Praiseislikesunlighttothehumanspirit;wecannotflowerandgrowwithoutit.Andyet,whilemostofusareonlytooreadytoapplytoothersthecoldwindofcriticism,wearesomehowreluctanttogiveourfellowsthewarmsunshineofpraise.Why-whenonewordcanbringsuchpleasureAfriendofminewhotravelswidelyalwaystriestolearnalittleofthelanguageofanyplaceshevisits.She'snotmuchofalinguist,butshedoesknowhowtosayoneword-"beautiful"-inseverallanguages.Shecanuseittoamotherholdingherbaby,ortolonelysalesmanfishingoutpicturesofhisfamily.Theabilityhasearnedherfriendsallovertheworld.It'sstrangehowcharyweareaboutpraising.Perhapsit'sbecausefewofusknowhowtoacceptcomplimentsgracefully.Instead,weareembarrassedandshrugoffthewordswearereallysogladtohear.Becauseofthisdefensivereaction,directcomplimentsaresurprisinglydifficulttogive.Thatiswhysomeofthemostvaluedpatsonthebackarethosewhichcometousindirectly,inaletterorpassedonbyafriend.Whenonethinksofthespeedwithwhichspitefulremarksareconveyed,itseemsapitythatthereisn'tmoreefforttorelaypleasingandflatteringcomments.It'sespeciallyrewardingtogivepraiseinareasinwhicheffortgenerallygoesunnoticedorunmentioned.Anartistgetscomplimentedforagloriouspicture,acookforaperfectmeal.ButdoyouevertellyoulaundrymanagerhowpleasedyouarewhentheshirtsaredonejustrightDoyoueverpraiseyourpaperboyforgettingthepapertoyouontime365daysayear

Praiseisparticularlyappreciatedbythosedoingroutinejobs:gas-stationattendants,waitresses-evenhousewives.Doyouevergointoahouseandsay,"Whatatidyroom"Hardlyanybodydoes.That'swhyhouseworkisconsideredsuchadrearygrind.Commentisoftenmadeaboutactivitieswhicharerelativelyeasyandsatisfying,likearrangingflowers;butnotaboutjobswhicharehardanddirty,likescrubbingfloors.Shakespearesaid,"Ourpraisesareourwages."Sincesooftenpraiseistheonlywageahousewifereceives,surelysheofallpeopleshouldgethermeasure.Mothersknowinstinctivelythatforchildrenanounceofpraiseisworthapoundofscolding.Still,we'renotalwaysasperceptiveaswemightbeaboutapplyingtherule.OnedayIwascriticizingmychildrenforsquabbling."Canyouneverplaypeacefully"Ishouted.Susannalookedatmequizzically."Ofcoursewecan,"shesaid."Butyoudon'tnoticeuswhenwedo."Teachersagreeaboutthevalueofpraise.Oneteacherwritesthatinsteadofdrowningstudents'compositionsincriticalredink,theteacherwillgetfarmoreconstructiveresultsbyfindingoneortwothingswhichhavebeendonebetterthanlasttime,andcommentingfavorablyonthem."Ibelievethatastudentknowswhenhehashandedinsomethingabovehisusualstandard,"writestheteacher,"andthathewaitshungrilyforabriefcommentinthemargintoshowhimthattheteacherisawareofit,too."

Behavioralscientistshavedonecountlessexperimentstoprovethatanyhumanbeingtendstorepeatanactwhichhasbeenimmediatelyfollowedbyapleasantresult.Inonesuchexperiment,anumberofschoolchildrenweredividedintothreegroupsandgivenarithmetictestsdailyforfivedays.Onegroupwasconsistentlypraisedforitspreviousperformance;anothergroupwascriticized;thethirdwasignored.Notsurprisingly,thosewhowerepraisedimproveddramatically.Thosewhowerecriticizedimprovedalso,busnotsomuch.Andthescoresofthechildrenwhowereignoredhardlyimprovedatall.Interestinglythebrightestchildrenwerehelpedjustasmuchbycriticismasbypraise,butthelessablechildrenreactedbadlytocriticism,neededpraisethemost.Yetthelatteraretheveryyoungsterswho,inmostschools,failtogetthepatontheback.Togivepraisecoststhegivernothingbutamoment'sthoughtandamoment'seffort-perhapsaquickphonecalltopassonacompliment,orfiveminutesspentwritinganappreciativeletter.Itissuchasmallinvestment-andyetconsidertheresultsitmayproduce."Icanlivefortwomonthsonagoodcompliment,"saidMarkTwain.So,let'sbealerttothesmallexcellencesaroundus-andcommentonthem.Wewillnotonlybringjoyintootherpeople'slives,butalso,veryoften,addedhappinessintooutown.我們是不是指責(zé)別人太快而表揚(yáng)別人太慢呢？看來是的。贊揚(yáng)的好處珍妮特?格雷厄姆我在紐約一家生意繁忙的餐館做女侍的第一天，令人精疲力竭的第一天，就要結(jié)束了。我的帽子歪了，圍裙上污跡斑斑，兩腳疼痛。我感到手中盛著食物的托盤越來越重。我又疲倦又沮喪，仿佛什么事情都沒法干好。當(dāng)我為有好幾個孩子的一家人開好一份復(fù)雜的賬單時——因?yàn)檫@些孩子在要冰淇淋時換來換去有十幾次之多——我便準(zhǔn)備辭職不干了。這時候，那位做父親的一邊把小費(fèi)交給我，一邊對我微微一笑，“干得很好，”他說?！澳銓ξ覀冋疹櫟谜媸翘昧??！甭犃诉@話，我的倦意頓時消失了。我對他也報以微笑。后來，經(jīng)理問我對第一天感覺怎樣時，我說：“好極了！”那兩句贊揚(yáng)的話改變了一切。對于人的精神來說，贊揚(yáng)就像陽光一樣；沒有它我們便不能開花生長。然而我們大多數(shù)人動不動就對別人刮起批評的寒風(fēng)，不知為什么卻不愿意把表揚(yáng)的溫暖陽光給予我們的同伴。只要一句話就能帶來這樣的歡樂，我們?yōu)槭裁磪s不愿意這樣做呢？我有一個到處旅行的朋友總是努力學(xué)一點(diǎn)她要去訪問的國家的語言。她并不是什么了不起的語言學(xué)家，但她的確知道怎樣用幾種語言說一個詞——“美極了”。她可以對一個懷抱嬰兒的母親或者對一個從身上掏出全家照的寂寞的推銷員用上這個詞。這種能力為她在全世界贏得了朋友。奇怪的是我們對贊揚(yáng)何其慎重。這也許是因?yàn)槲覀兒苌儆腥酥涝鯓哟蟠蠓椒降亟邮苜潛P(yáng)。相反，我們往往會不知所措，對于我們實(shí)際上非常樂意聽到的話卻聳聳肩膀不屑理睬。由于這種防御性的反應(yīng)，給人以直接的贊揚(yáng)就變得極為困難了。一些最寶貴的贊許鼓勵之詞往往是在信中或通過朋友間接地傳達(dá)給我們，原因就在于此。當(dāng)我們想到那些充滿惡意的言詞傳播的速度之快，我們就會感到，人們沒有做出更多的努力來傳遞令人愉快、使人高興的評語似乎是太遺憾了。對于通常不為人們注意或提及的努力加以贊揚(yáng)是特別有益的。藝術(shù)家因畫出一幅絢麗多彩的畫而受到贊美，廚師因燒出一頓美餐而受到稱贊。但是當(dāng)你的襯衫被洗得干干凈凈，燙得平平整整時，你可曾告訴過洗衣店的經(jīng)理你是多么高興嗎？你可曾因?yàn)槟愕膱笸磕?65天都按時送報上門而夸獎過他嗎？那些從事例行工作的人們特別懂得贊揚(yáng)的意義，如汽車加油站的服務(wù)員、女侍者——甚至家庭主婦。當(dāng)你走進(jìn)一家住房時，你可曾說過：“多么整潔的房間?。　睅缀鯖]有人這么說過。家庭勞動之所以被認(rèn)為是沉悶乏味的苦差使，原因就在于此。人們經(jīng)常對一些比較容易而又令人滿意的活動，如插花，加以評論；但對像擦地板這樣又苦又臟的工作卻不予置評。莎士比亞說過：“對我們的稱贊就是給予我們的報酬。”既然在很多情況下，稱贊是家庭主婦得到的唯一報酬，因此在所有的人中，她理應(yīng)得到自己的一份贊揚(yáng)。母親們本能地知道，對孩子們來說，一句贊揚(yáng)抵得上十句責(zé)罵。然而對于運(yùn)用這一規(guī)律，我