21世紀(jì)大學(xué)英語讀寫教程第四冊課后答案

學(xué)習(xí)資料分享學(xué)習(xí)資料分享Unit1TEXTAIIHedefinesgreatnessasthelastingcontributionwhichapersonmakesorhasmadetohumancivilization.TheexampleofChurchillshowstheimportanceofpersistenceanddedicationinachievinggreatness.Firstbornsandonlychildrentendtomakegoodleadersintimesofcrisis,butmiddle-bornchildrenarebetterpeacetimeleaders.A20thcenturypoliticianshouldbeaneffectivepublicspeakerandasocialperson.5.Intelligenceseemstobelessimportantthanotherfactors,suchastheabilitytocommunicateeffectively.6.Theabilitytoovercometraditionalwaysofthinkingisalsocrucial.7.Theysimplydon'tdevotetheamountoftimerequired.8.Thestudyshowedthatenjoyingone'sworkisthebestformofmotivation.IVrinsic10.criteria11.obsession12.innate13.contribution(s)14.contemporary15.submitted16.moraleV1.ficiency3.emergency4.Efficiency5.tendency6.frequencyVII1.Forsomestudents,it'snotthattheydon'tputinenoughtime—it'sthattheydon'thavegoodstudyhabits.Childrenperformdifferentlyatschool.It'snotthattheyhavedifferentIQs—it'sthattheyarebroughtupindifferentenvironments.Thecompanyisnotveryproductive.It'snotthatitsstaffaren'ttalented—it'sthattheirenergyhasn'tbeenchanneledeffectively.4.I'mreallysorry.It'snotthatIdon'twanttogotothecinemawithyou—it'sthatIhavetofinishmypapertonight.5.Youhaveastomachache.It'snotthatthefoodwasbad—it'sprobablythatyouhavetoomuchstressfromyourwork.VIII1.PresidentWilsondidn'ttrytobringtheUSbacktoeconomicandpoliticalisolation.Instead,hebelievedininternationalcooperationthroughanassociationofnations.2.Computersdon'tteachstudentsingroups.Instead,theycanhelpthemlearneffectivelyaccordingtotheirdifferentneeds.3.Weshouldn'tfocusonminorpoints.Instead,weshouldtrytosolvetheproblemofthegreatesturgencyatpresent.Hedosen'tgetanybodyelsetohelphim.Instead,helikestoattendtoeverythinghimself.Teachingsuccessshouldn'tbemeasuredbythescoresthestudentsreceiveontests.Instead,itshouldbemeasuredbywhetherthestudentshaveinternalizedtheabilityanddesiretolearn.IXBCBADDCABADABCAX西蒙頓說，如果事業(yè)上取得巨大成就者具有什么共性的話，那就是一種持續(xù)不斷地追求成功的動力?！叭藗兺J(rèn)為他們天生具有一些超常非凡的東西，”他解釋道?！暗芯拷Y(jié)果表明，有的偉人并沒有驚人的智力。有的只是程度上的差異而已。偉大是建立在大量的學(xué)習(xí)、實(shí)踐和獻(xiàn)身精神的基礎(chǔ)之上的?！彼e出二戰(zhàn)時期的英國首相溫斯頓?丘吉爾作為一個永不放棄的冒險者的典范。丘吉爾在全國上下士氣最為低落的時候被推上臺，并出色地領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了英國人民。在1940年盟軍敦刻爾克大撤退之后的一次演講中，他的話激勵了全國人民，“我們絕不會衰退、失敗。我們將堅(jiān)持到底……我們永遠(yuǎn)不會屈服?！盭I1.Americanstendtodefinepeoplebythejobstheyhave/do.Suchcharacteristicsastheirfamilyandeducationalbackgroundsareconsideredlessimportant.2.Hisuncompromisingpersonalityexplainswhyhecouldnolongerputupwithhisemployerandeventuallysubmittedhisresignation.3.IfyoureallywanttolearnEnglishwell,youmustputinalotoftimeandenergy,oryou'llgonowhere.Thesamecanbesaidofothersubjects.4.Someactorsfameisbuiltontheirinnatebeauty,butdespitehisshortstature,DustinHoffmanroseaboveanditishisexcellentactingthatsethimapart.5.Afterhetookcharge,wediscoveredthattherewerestrikingdifferencesbetweenhimandhispredecessor.Hehadthedriveandpassion,cameupwithmanynewideas,andfocusedhisworkonhowtoraiseourmorale.DengXiaopingmadehistorywhenhedeclaredChina'sreformandopening-uppolicy.Despitetremendousobstacles,hemadelastingcontributionstoourcountry'smodernizationwithhisunrelentingefforts.WORD格式WORD格式-專業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)資料-可編輯IV學(xué)習(xí)資料分享IV學(xué)習(xí)資料分享WhycouldsomeonewithageniusIQbeleftbehindbyahardworkingpersonwithanaverageIQ?Ithastobeacknowledgedthatbesidesone'sIQ,manyotherfactorshavemuchtodowithone'sachievements.Thisteacherisreallyremarkableinfirstmotivatingherstudentssoshecanreallyteachthemsomething.It'snotthatsheistalented,it'sthatshefocusescompletelyordrawingtheirfullattentioninclass.Unit2TEXTAIIHegotnothanksforreturningawallet,thoughhedeservedto.Hewantstoshowhowmuchpeopleneedgratitudetokeepupaspiritofkindnessandcooperation.3.Shesavedupfortwoyears,wenttoNormandyinperson,andgaveherson'sgoldwristwatchtothewoman.Hesendashortrecordingexpressinghisappreciationoftheauthor'sthoughtfulnessandsentittotheauthor.Apatientwhoselifewassavedbyabloodtransfusioncamebackagainandagaintodonatehisbloodanonymouslysothatmorepatientscouldbesaved.HedoesitbycitingW.H.Hudson'sgratitudeforhiswife'sday-to-dayheroism.Thosepeoplewhodolittlethingsforusallyearround.8.Itcanmakepeopletakeinfinitepainswiththeirwork.9.Gratitudeisneededallthetimeandnoneofuscangivetoomuchofit.III1.of12.gratitude13.slammed14.agreeable13.slammed14.agreeablecaught/tookmyfancytakeforgrantedcaught/tookmyfancytakeforgrantedamistakeonJohn'spartthinktwiceWORD格式WORD格式-專業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)資料-可編輯學(xué)習(xí)資料分享學(xué)習(xí)資料分享savedupboastabout9.refrainfrom11.inonewayoranother6.referredto8.tookpainswith10.somethingof12.fedupaltitude2.aptitude3.attitudefortitude6.mulitiude7.latitude4.longitude8.solitudeVIsavedupboastabout9.refrainfrom11.inonewayoranother6.referredto8.tookpainswith10.somethingof12.fedupaltitude2.aptitude3.attitudefortitude6.mulitiude7.latitude4.longitude8.solitudeVI1.coordination2.coexist3.co-workers4.co-owners5.co-authored6.Cooperation7.Coeducation8.copilotVIInosacrificefortheeducationoftheyoungwastoogreatNopriceistoohightopayinordertosavetheirlivescannotbetoocarefulinperforminganexperimentTheycannotpraisehimtoomuchcannotbeoveremphasizedcannotbeoverestimatedVIIIBACDDBABCDBADCA一些人不愿表達(dá)感激之情，因?yàn)樗麄冇X得這不會受歡迎。我的一個病人在出院幾個星期后回到醫(yī)院感謝他的護(hù)士。“我沒有更早地回來，”他解釋說，“是因?yàn)槲也孪肽銈儗τ谌藗兊母屑ひ欢▍挓┑靡！薄罢孟喾矗彼卮鹫f，“我很高興你來。很少有人意識到我們多么需要鼓勵，我們從那些鼓勵我們的人身上獲得了多大的幫助。”我們所給予的感激永遠(yuǎn)不會過多。因?yàn)槲覀兩磉叺娜嗽跇?gòu)筑他們的人生哲學(xué)時所依據(jù)的正是這些微笑、我們所表示的感謝和我們表示欣賞的各種小小的示意動作。XHeglaredatJohnandwasannoyedbyhisrefusaltocooperate.John'ssincerespeechshowshisgratitudetothepeoplewhorenderedhimgeneroushelpwhen

hewasindifficulty.Heissomethingofastampcollector.Thefactthatoncehesavedupfortwoyearstobuyararestampisproofofit.Thebeautyoftheserosescouldnotbeoverstated.Theytook/caughtallthevisitorsfancyinonewayoranother.Atfirsthetookitforgrantedthattheyshouldbuildmorehighwaysinthisarea.Thenacarefulcalculationoftheexpenditurecompelledhimtothinktwicebeforehemadethefinaldecision.Eachtimehereceivesagiftfromme,nomatterhowsmall,myfriendBillneverfailstoacknowledgeit.Thejournalisthasdecidedtotracetheyoungmanreferredtointheoldcouple'sletter,whichisatributetotheyoungman'seffortatimprovingtheirlivingconditions.Thoughhewasfedupwiththesalesmenwhoknockedathisdoorandboastedabouttheirproductseveryday,herefrainedfromslammingthedoorintheirface.Unit3TEXTAIIHechangedhisperspectiveandobservedpeoplewhodidnothavesmallpox.Hewantstogiveagoodexampleoflateralthinking.Hecomparesthehumanbraintoacomputerandthechangeofone'spointofviewtothereprogrammingofthecomputer.4.Itistofightit.5.Hecallsitverticalthinking.Heusedthetechniqueoflateralthinking.Thekeyistomakeashiftinemphasisinsteadoffightingtheproblemhead-on.Theyshouldchangetheirpointofviewandregardthemselvesastheirbody'skeeper.Veryoftenlateralthinkingyieldsmuchbetterresultsthanverticalthinking.10.Itisapproachingthetargetfromasidewayspointofviewinsteadofapproachingitdirectly.III1.tactic6.head-on11.ceased2.utmost1.tactic6.head-on11.ceased2.utmost7.deadend12.flaw3.structure8.erased13.implies4.slack5.significance9.framework10.vertical;vertical14.affirmedIVgram8.experienced9.switch10.escape11.fail12.escapedVIVIassistantaccountantservantcontestantdefendantconsultantdependantattendantinhabitantoccupant1.attendant2.servant3.consultans4.contestant5.accountant6.occupants7.assistant8.inhabitants9.dependants10.defendantassistantaccountantservantcontestantdefendantconsultantdependantattendantinhabitantoccupant1.attendant2.servant3.consultans4.contestant5.accountant6.occupants7.assistant8.inhabitants9.dependants10.defendantVII1.ofuse2.ofgreatimportance3.ofgreat/critical/extremesignificance4.oflittlevalue5.ofmarkedbenefit6.ofinvaluablehelpVIIIshouldhavetoldmeatonce2.shouldhavetoldmebeforehand3.shouldhaveleftthecompanylongagonevershouldhavehappenedshouldhaveleftthirtyminutesagoshouldhavephonedIXCDBDABBDBBCABDC一般西方人解決問題的方法是與之搏斗。“進(jìn)展越困難，硬漢子越向前”這句話便代表了這種解決問題的積極進(jìn)取的態(tài)度。不管是什么問題，不管可以用來解決問題的方法是什么，我們西方人的思維方式所產(chǎn)生的框架總是搏斗。德?博諾醫(yī)生稱之為縱向思維；即那種傳統(tǒng)的、按順序的、亞里士多德式的邏輯思維，堅(jiān)定地從一步移到下一步，就像玩具積木一塊搭在另一塊之上。當(dāng)然，它的缺陷是，如果在任何時刻其中一步?jīng)]有達(dá)到，或者一塊積木沒有放對，那么整個結(jié)構(gòu)就會坍塌。事情就會陷入僵局，沮喪、緊張和搏斗的情緒就會籠罩心頭。橫向思維，德?博諾醫(yī)生說，是對事物進(jìn)行思考的一種新方法種完全避免這種拼搏，用一種完全出人意料的方式解決問題的方法。XI1.Tomwashungupontheproblembutcoulddonothingaboutituntilhelearnttosolveitwithdifferenttactics.Lateralthinkinghashelpedhimtoadvancehisnewtheorywhichhadseemedtoreachadeadend.Theframeworkofourlatestconstructionplanhasbeenaffirmedbythelocalgovernment.Whetheritwillbecarriedoutontimeisoftheutmostsignificancetothedevelopmentofthiscoastalcity.Whiletryingtofindasolutiontotheproblem,Edwardreachedanimpasseinhisthinking,butlaterhechangedhispointofviewandsolvedtheprobleminanentirelyunexpectedfashion.Manypeoplebelievethatcomputerlabswilleventuallytakeoverfromthelibrariesandstudentswhowanttotakeinnewknowledgewillenduplearningeverythinginthecomputerlab.Yesterdayhiscarcrashedintoatruckalmosthead-on.Ifhedoesnotstopdrivingsocarelessly,Iamsurehewillwindupintheemergencyroomofahospital.Thereisaflawinthestructuraldesignofthepainting.Whydon'tyouerasetheverticallinesandsimplifyitalittlebit?Johnshouldhavegivenupsmokingalongtimeago.Afterall,healthisoftheutmostimportancetoeverybody.Unit4TEXTAII1.TheIQsamongthestudentswerewithinthenormalrange.Thestudyshowedthatateacher'spositiveviewandhighexpectationsofstudents

convincesthemthattheyaregiftedandenablesthemtodobetterthanaveragework.3.Shedidnotseethisasevidencethatthestudentwasnotbrightorcapable,butrathervieweditasoneday擔(dān)poorperformance,anexceptiontoanormallygoodpatternofwork.4.Itishardtodescribeexactly,buthertonewasassuredandshedidnotexpressanynegativequalitiessuchasirony,putdownsand/orirritation.Thisshowsthatpositiveexpectationcanbeeffectiveevenonmice,whodonot,ofcourse,understandhumanlanguage.Labelingmeansthinkingofpeopleintermsofthegeneralprejudiceswhichwehaveabouttheirnationality,theirrace,ortheirgender,ratherthanthinkingofthemasindividuals.Labelsdefineabroad,heterogenerousgrouptoospecifically.Theyareusuallyprejudicial,non-inclusive,andoftenracistorsexist.Thisexampleshowshowlabelingcancreateasenseofguiltinapersonwhodoesnotdowhatisexpected,evenwhenhefollowshistalentsandisquitesuccessful.IV4.homogeneous8.irritation12.verbal4.homogeneous8.irritation12.verbal5.inclusive6.welfare7.deceivingvariables10.uncover11.irony13.readily14.indifference15.certainty;certainty16.superior13.readilyV1.intermsof2.dueto3.measures/livesupto4.asoftenasnot5.consistedof6.gothroughwith7.inreality8.inpartVI1.unfolded2.unpacked3.undo4.unbend5.unfastende6.unload7.undressing8.unlockedVII1.transmit2.transforming;transferring3.transcribedtransplanting5.transfer6.transparentVIII1.AStheexampleinthetextmakesclear2.Asimentionedearlier/As(was)mentionedearlierAsisknownallas(is)agreedoninthecontractashadbeenoriginallyplannedIX1.Theywouldratheroverworkthemselvestomakelifebetterforoursakethanspendtheirhard-earnedmoneyonthemselves2.wouldratherreadabest-sellerthanchatwithotherswouldratherconfineyourselfinthelibrarythangoouttomeetandtalkwithlocalpeoplewouldrathergiveupmyshort-terminterestthanletitslipawaywouldrathernottellourparentswhat抯inourmindsthansitdownandcommunicatewiththemlikefriendsXBDADBACADABBACB某個學(xué)生的成績達(dá)不到老師的期望是常有的事。當(dāng)這種情況發(fā)生時，那個學(xué)生面對的不是失望、憤怒或惱怒。相反，老師認(rèn)為這是一次例外，一件偶然的事情，倒霉的一天，一次暫時的失誤——而學(xué)生相信了她，并消除了疑慮。下一次，他更加努力了，決心做到老師知道他能做到的事。很難精確地確定老師傳達(dá)的信息：“我期待著最好的成績，”中到底是哪一部分告訴了孩子。它的一部分包括顯示信心的平和語調(diào)，言語上的耐心，及沒有諷刺、貶低和惱怒等消極因素。期待著最好成績的老師滿懷信心地提問，因?yàn)樗浪玫降拇鸢笇⑹钦_的，而孩子也感受到了那種信心。XII1.Schoolsshouldavoiddecidingwhoissuperioronlyintermsofstudents'examresultsandtreatingthemaccordingly.Instead,agoodeducationalsystemshouldenableeverystudenttomeasureuptogoodstandardsaswell-roundedpeople.Asoftenasnot