Unit 5 基礎過關練（解析版）-2022年高一英語（新人教版必修第三冊）

第05練Unit5TheValueofMoney1.【詞匯過關】在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。①Youneedthe____________(patient)ofJobtodealwithsomeofourcustomers.答案：patience解析：句意為：和我們的一些顧客打交道需要有極大的耐心。設空處作need的賓語，且空前有定冠詞the，應用名詞形式，而patienceofJob這個短語的含義則是“極度的忍耐，極大的耐心”，故填patience。②Theofficial____________(apology)tothepublicforhismistakesinhiswork.答案：apologised解析：句意為：那位官員由于工作失誤而向民眾道歉。設空處需要使用謂語動詞，且時態(tài)用過去時態(tài)，應用動詞過去時態(tài)形式，故填apologised。③____________(Judge)fromhisaccent,hemustbefromthesouth.答案：Judging解析：句意為：聽他的聲口，一定是南方人。Judgingfrom…為固定表達，意為“根據(jù)……來判斷”，在句中作狀語，故填Judging。④Iamembarrassedbymycomplete__________(ignore)ofhistory.答案：ignorance解析：句意為：我對歷史一無所知，這讓我很難堪。設空處作by的賓語，且空前有物主代詞和形容性修飾，應用名詞形式。故填ignorance。⑤Hedeclaredhis____________(intend)tobecomethebestgolferintheworld.答案：intention解析：句意為：他表明自己想要成為世界上最好的高爾夫球選手。設空處作動詞賓語，且空前有物主代詞his，應用名詞形式，故填intention。2.【短語過關】①你定期支付保險費，而保險公司則會一次性給你一筆錢作為回報。Youpayregularpremiumsand________________________theinsurancecompanywillpayoutalumpsum.答案：inreturn②這并不那么困難，實際上，容易得很。It'snotthatdifficult.____________________________________________________________,it'squiteeasy.答案：asamatteroffact③這些海浪是2010年5月意外發(fā)現(xiàn)的。Thewaveswerediscovered________________________inMay,2010.答案：byaccident④說實在的，那是我讀過的最差的書之一。____________________________________,itwasoneoftheworstbooksI'veeverread.答案：Tobehonest⑤Itwouldbesafertotakemoremoneywithyou________________________ofemergency.多帶點錢保險些，以防急用。答案：incase3.【語法過關】用適當?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞填空。①1.Canyouhelpme?I____________neverunderstandthis.答案：can解析：考查情態(tài)動詞和時態(tài)。句意：你能幫我嗎？我永遠無法理解這一點。結合句意和空后動詞原形understand可知，該空為情態(tài)動詞，表示能力，意為“能；會”。由第一句可知，用一般現(xiàn)在時，故填can。②Henry____________walkwhenhewasoneyearold.答案：could解析：考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：亨利一歲的時候就能走路了。根據(jù)動詞walk可知此處要用情態(tài)動詞，且由whenhewasoneyearold可知could符合題意。故填could。③You____________beMrSmith.Iwastoldtopickyouup.答案：must解析：考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：你一定是史密斯先生吧。我被告知接你。根據(jù)“Iwastoldtopickyouup.”可知，對方一定是史密斯先生，所以用情態(tài)動詞must。故填must。④You____________givemealift.Iwanttowalkhomeforexercise.答案：needn’t解析：考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：你不必載我一程。我想走路回家鍛煉。結合后文我想走路回家，推測前文沒必要載我一程，needn’t表示“不必”。故填needn’t。⑤Hesaidthere____________beaconcertthatevening.答案：would解析：考查時態(tài)。句意：他說那天晚上有一場音樂會。結合句意和句中said可知，該句用過去將來時，結構為woulddo，空后已有動詞be，故填would。4.【閱讀過關】MyFavouriteBooksJoUsmarisawriterforCosmopolitanandco-authoroftheThisBookWillseries(系列)oflifestylebooks.Hereshepickshertopreads.MatildaRoaldDahlIoncewroteapaperontheinfluenceoffairytalesonRoaldDahl'swritinganditgavemeanewappreciationforhisstrangeanddelightfulwords.Matilda'sbattleswithhercruelparentsandthebossyheadmistress,MissTrunchbull,areequallyfunnyandfrightening,butthey'realsoaspirational.AfterDarkHarukiMurakamiIt'sabouttwosisters-Eri,amodelwhoeitherwon'torcan'tstopsleeping,andMari,ayoungstudent.Intryingtoconnecttohersister,Maristartschangingherlifeanddiscoversaworldofdiverse“nightpeople”whoarehidingsecrets.GoneGirlGillianFynnTherewasabitofmethatdidn'twanttolovethiswheneveryoneelseontheplanetdid,butthehorrorstoryisbrilliant.There'stensionandanxietyfromthebeginningasNickandAmybattleforyourtrust.It'sarealwhodunitandthefrustrationwhenyourealisewhat'sgoingonishorriblyenjoyable.TheStandStephenKingThisisanexcellentfantasynovelfromoneofthebeststorytellersaround.Afteraseriousfluoutbreakwipesout99.4%oftheworld'spopulation,abattleunfoldsbetweengoodandevilamongthoseleft.RandallFlaggisoneofthescariestcharactersever.【1】Whodoes"I"refertointhetext?A.StephenKing. B.GillianFlynn. C.JoUsmar. D.RoaldDah1.【2】WhichofthefollowingtellsaboutMariandEri?A.Cosmopolitan. B.Matilda. C.AfterDark. D.TheStand.【3】WhatkindofbookisGoneGirl?A.Afolktale. B.Abiography. C.Alovestory. D.Ahorrorstory.【知識點】廣告/布告【答案】【1】C【2】C【3】D【分析】這是一篇應用文。文章介紹了作家JoUsmari選出的四本好書。【1】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段JoUsmarisawriterforCosmopolitanandco-authoroftheThisBookWill/series（系列）oflifestylebooks.Hereshepickshertopreads.可知，下文介紹作家JoUsmari選出的最好的讀物，所以下文中的“I”指的是JoUsmar。故C選項正確?！?】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AfterDark中It'sabouttwosister—Eri,amodelwhoeitherwon'torcan'tstopsleeping,andMari,ayoungstudent.可知，故事講的是兩個姐妹Eri是一個要么不睡，要么一覺不醒的模特，瑪麗，是一個年輕學生。所以AfterDark中講述了Eri和Mari的故事。故C選項正確?！?】細節(jié)理解題。由GoneGirl中的butthehorrorstoryisbrilliant.可知，這是一個恐怖故事。故D選項正確。能力提升練5.【完形填空能力提升】OneofMarkTwain'sclassicnovelsisTheAdventuresofTomSawyer.Itis【1】inasmallAmericantowninthe19thcentury.Thepeopleinthistownareverytraditionalandliveaquietlife.ThestoryisaboutaboycalledTomSawyer,wholiveswithhisauntPolly.Heisoftenin【2】withhisaunt.AuntPollyisverykind,butTomthinkssheisalwaystryingtocontrolhim.Tomisdifferentfromtheotherchildreninthetown.Helovesadventure.Hedoesalotofbadthings,butheneverreally【3】anyone.Hetriesveryhardnottogotoschool,andoftenjumps【4】hisbedroomwindowatnighttomeethisfriends.Heisveryclever.Oneday,AuntPollyaskshimtodosomepainting,andhe【5】togetalltheboysinthetowntodotheworkforhimbyinventinganew【6】game.Itistheselittlestories【7】makereaderswanttokeepreadingthenovel,butitistheadventuresthatarethemostimportantpartofthebook.Tom'sbestfriendisHuckFinn,aboywhohasnohome.Inoneadventure,theyspendthenightoutside,andtheyseeamankillanotherman【8】.Laterinthebook,Tom,Huckandanotherboydecidetoleavethetownbecausetheythinkthatlifethereistooboring.They【9】toanislandinthemiddleofariver.They【10】fires,catchfishandsleepunderthestars.Theyalsomake【11】atotravelupanddowntheriver.【12】seeingtheboysfordays,thepeopleinthetownthinkthattheyhavedied.Oneday,whenTomcomesbacktohisaunt'shousetoleavealetter【13】thatheisnotdead.hehearshisaunttalkingabouthisfuneral(葬禮).【14】Tomhasanidea.Onthemorningoftheirfuneral,theboysrunbackintotownand【15】theirownfuneralbeforetellingeveryonethattheyarestillalive.【1】A.made B.set C.taken D.written【2】A.trouble B.silence C.peace D.war【3】A.damages B.destroys C.ruins D.hurts【4】A.outof B.into C.onto D.infrontof【5】A.tries B.fails C.manages D.struggles【6】A.fighting B.painting C.touring D.sailing【7】A.which B.that C.what D.where【8】A.incharge B.inadvance C.inthelongterm D.inthedark【9】A.runinto B.runaway C.runacross D.runoutof【10】A.catch B.set C.make D.put【11】A.bike B.boat C.camel D.cage【12】A.By B.Upon C.At D.Without【13】A.writing B.telling C.saying D.meaning【14】A.Then B.Besides C.Also D.Lastly【15】A.join B.present C.participate D.attend【知識點】文學形式與文學作品說明文【答案】【1】B【2】A【3】D【4】A【5】C【6】B【7】B【8】D【9】B【10】C【11】B【12】D【13】C【14】A【15】D解析：【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了馬克·吐溫的《湯姆索亞歷險記》的主要故事情節(jié)，并分析了該作品吸引讀者的原因。1．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：它以19世紀的一個美國小鎮(zhèn)為背景。A.made制作；B.set設置；C．taken帶走；D．written寫。besetin“以……為背景”，固定短語。故選B。2．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他經(jīng)常和他的阿姨鬧矛盾。A.trouble麻煩；B．silence沉默；C．peace和平；D．war戰(zhàn)爭。根據(jù)下文提到湯姆認為Polly阿姨想控制他，并且他總是做壞事，所以他經(jīng)常跟Polly阿姨鬧矛盾。beintroublewith“和……鬧糾紛”，故選A。3．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他做了很多壞事，但他從未真正傷害過任何人。A.damages破壞；B．destroys損壞；C．ruins毀壞；D．hurts傷害。根據(jù)空前Hedoesalotofbadthings和轉折連詞but可知，此處指他從來不傷害別人，故選D。4．考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：他不去上學，晚上常常從臥室的窗戶跳下來，與朋友們見面。A.outof從……里面（走出），離開；B．into進入；C．onto(與動詞連用，表示朝某處或某位置運動)向，朝；D．infrontof在……前面。根據(jù)后文tomeethisfriends可知，空處需用介詞outof，jumpoutof“從……跳出來”，固定短語，表示從臥室的窗戶跳下來和朋友面見面。故選A。5．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一天，Polly阿姨請他畫畫，他發(fā)明了一種新的繪畫游戲，設法讓鎮(zhèn)上所有的男孩都為他畫畫。A.tries努力；B．fails失敗，未能；C．manages設法；D．struggles掙扎。根據(jù)句意可知，他設法讓全鎮(zhèn)的男孩幫他做這個工作。managetodo“設法成功的做”，故選C。6．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.fighting打架；B．painting繪畫；C．touring旅行；D．sailing航行。根據(jù)前面的“AuntPollyaskshimtodosomepainting”可知，姨媽要他畫一些畫，故選B。7．考查強調(diào)句型。句意：正是這些小故事讓讀者想繼續(xù)讀這部小說，但冒險才是這本書最重要的部分。分析句子結構可知，去掉本句的Itis和空格處內(nèi)容可知，句子成分完整，由此判斷本句是一個強調(diào)句，其構成為：Itis+被強調(diào)部分+that/who(強調(diào)部分為人)+其它，本句強調(diào)部分是物，需用that。故選B。8．考查介詞短語詞義辨析。句意：在一次冒險中，他們在外面過夜，看到一個人在黑暗中殺死另一個人。A.incharge負責；B．inadvance提前；C．inthelongterm長期來看；D．inthedark在黑暗中。根據(jù)上文“theyspendthenightoutside”可知，他們在外面過夜，故選D。9．考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：他們逃到河中間的島上。A.runinto偶遇；B．runaway逃跑；C．runacross遇到，撞上；D．runoutof用完。根據(jù)空前Lateri