課件高中英語必修四Unit-2-Learning-about-language

必修4必修4Unit2WorkingthelandLearningaboutlanguageUnit2_________brown(skin)fromspendingtoomuchtimeinthesun________tomakesomethingorsomebodyfreeof_________tobecomelargerinsize,numberoramountsunburntrid…ofexpandDiscoveringusefulwordsandexpressions1Findthewordorphrasefromthetextforeachofthesemeanings._________brown(skin)fromsp4.________tomakeinformationandideasknowntomanypeople5.____________wouldpreferto6.________totryextremelyhardtoachievesomethingcirculatewould

ratherstruggle4.________tomakeinformatio7.______tosendthingstoforeigncountriesforsale8.___________pleasedbyhavingwhatonewantsorneeds9.______toprovidewiththingsnecessaryforacertainpurpose10._____plantsgrowninlargeamountsbyfarmers11._________becauseofexportsatisfiedwithequipcropthanks

to7.______tosendthingstofAnswerkeyforEx2:1.information:statistics;world:globe2.Strong:super;races:nationalities3.Nothavingenoughfood:hunger;

sickness:disease4.AsmallSoutheastAsiancountry:Vietnam;jobs:occupations5.Openconditions:freedom

soldandsentabroad:exportedAnswerkeyforEx2:1.informa3Completethepassagewiththewordsbelowintheirproperforms.disturbingexpandoutputstrugglebattlesgraincropsdecadeequipIn

thepast_______,someofthefarmersinthewestofChinahavemetwithsomesuccessinthe________againstthe__________desert._________withnewscientificfarmingmethods,decadestruggleexpandingEquipped3Completethepassagewithththeyhavebeenabletouselessfarmlandthaninthepast.Their______of_____andother______,however,isstillthesame,whichmakesitpossibleforthemtousetheremainingfarmlandforplantingtrees.Theseandotherfarmersarestartingtowinsmall______inthegreatwaragainstthe__________growthofthedesert.outputgraincropsbattlesdisturbingtheyhavebeenabletouselesThe–ingformastheSubjectandObjectGrammarThe–ingformastheSubjectaHaveyoueverseenthesesigns?parking,spitting,littering,smoking-ingformsHaveyoueverseenthesesigns

1.Sincethen,findingwaystogrowmorericehasbeenhislifegoal.2.Heenjoyslisteningtoviolinmusic,playingmah-jong,swimmingandreading.3.Spendingmoneyonhimselfor

leadingacomfortablelifealsomeansverylittletohim.4.However,hedoesn’tcareaboutbeingfamous.Readthesentencesfromthereadingpassage.subjectsubjectobjectobject1.Sincethen,findingwayst1.動詞-ing形式的構成:是在動詞末尾加-ing形式構成,因此又叫動詞的-ing形式。如:do-doing,be-being,ask-asking,etc.否定形式:not+-ing構成2.動詞-ing形式不能單獨作謂語,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,但可以有自己的賓語和狀語,還有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。3.動詞-ing形式由動詞加-ing變化而成,它同時具有名詞和動詞的特征,在句中可以作主語、賓語等。1.動詞-ing形式的構成:是在動詞末尾加-ing一、動詞-ing形式作主語表示經常的、習慣性的動作或狀態(tài),謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)。如：Walkingisagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.無論對年輕人和老年人來講,走路是一種很好的鍛煉。Watching

newsonTVhasbecomearoutineforme.在電視上看新聞已經成了我的一種日常習慣。一、動詞-ing形式作主語Going

to

Hangzhoubytraintakesabout16hours.乘火車去杭州要16個小時。Asking

awoman’sageisimpoliteinourcountry.在我們國家問一個女人的年齡是不禮貌的。

GoingtoHangzhoubytraintak2.-ing形式作主語時常后置,此時須用it作形式主語,用形容詞或名詞作表語。常見的名詞或名詞短語有:nouse,nogood,fun,hardwork,ahard/difficultjob,awasteoftime等;形容詞有:dangerous,worthwhile,useless等。如:It’snousemakinganexcuseforthis.為這件事找借口是沒有用的。2.-ing形式作主語時常后置,此時須用itIt’sawasteoftimetalkingaboutsuchauselessthing.談論這樣無用的事情簡直是浪費時間。It’sdangerousswimmingintheseaonwindydays.有風的天氣在海里游泳是危險的。Itisworthwhilediscussingthequestion.這個問題值得討論。It’sawasteoftimetalkinga

不定式作主語往往表示具體的特別是將來的動作。如：

It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.Herealizedthattogoonlikethiswaswrong.（指抽象動作）（指具體動作）不定式作主語往往表示具體的特別是將來的動作。如：（指注意：1、動名詞作主語表單數(shù)概念,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。

Walkingaftersupperisgoodforyourhealth.2、動名詞的復合結構作主語動名詞的復合結構是指物主代詞、名詞所有格是動名詞邏輯上的主語、動名詞是其邏輯上的謂語。

Yourcomingmadeushappy.Yourfather’scookingisverygood.注意：考例

1.—WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset？

—__________hernewbicycle．

A.Asshelost

B.LostC.Losing

D.Becauseoflosing

解析：答案是C。losinghernewbicycle是句子的主語，謂語madehersoupset被省略；losing…在此表示具體的動作?？祭?.—Whatdoyouthink2.Listeningtoloudmusicatrockconcerts

____causedhearinglossinsometeenagers.（2010湖南卷）

A.isB.areC.hasD.have 答案：C解析：根據動名詞短語作主語，句子的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，由此排除B、D兩項，根據主語與caused的主動關系，排除A項2.Listeningtoloudmusicat3.It’snouse_____withouttakingaction.(2011上海)A.complain B.complainingC.beingcomplained D.tobecomplained答案：B解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意為：光抱怨而不采取任何行動是沒用的。根據句型It’snousedoingsth.“做某事沒有意義”,可知選B。3.It’snouse_____withoutt3.在therebe結構中作主語,這種結構的意思相當于“Itisimpossibletodo…”。如：若要人不知,除非己莫為。Thereisno

hiding

ofevilbutnottodoit．這種事開不得玩笑。

Hereisno

joking

aboutsuchmatter.無法知道他什么時候離開Therewasno

knowing

whenhewouldleave.3.在therebe結構中作主語,這種結構的意思動名詞與不定式做主語時的比較：動名詞表示的動作通常是一個泛指的動作,不定式則通常表示具體的動作。如：還是個孩子的時侯,她就覺得探視病人是一種責任,也是一種愉悅。Asachild,shefeltthat

visitingsickpeople

wasadutyandapleasure．到美國人家里做客對我來說將是一個極好的經歷。Being

aguest

inanAmericanhomewillbeagoodexperienceforme.動名詞與不定式做主語時的比較：一直不做就是作惡。

Doingnothing

isdoingill．他說:“繼續(xù)這樣下去是無用的?！?/p>

Hesaid,“To

go

on

like

this

isuseless.”我很榮幸被邀請參加這個晚會。

It’sanhonorforme

to

be

invited

totheparty.一直不做就是作惡。歸納:常用-ing形式作主語的句型有：It+be+awasteoftimedoing

做……是浪費時間的Itis/wasnogood/usedoing

做……是沒用處的Itis/washardly/scarcelyworthdoing

做……不值得Itis/wasworth/worthwhiledoing

做……是值得的Thereisnodoing...

無法……;不允許……歸納:常用-ing形式作主語的句型有：Thereisnosenseindoing

做……沒有道理Thereis/wasnousedoing

干……無意義Thereis/wasnothingworsethandoing沒有比……更糟的Thereis/wasnopointdoing

干……無意義我們不知道要去哪兒。Therewasnoknowing

wherewewouldgo.做這件傻事毫無意義。Thereisno

point

doing

suchasillything.Thereisnosenseindoing做…注意:

Thereisnoneedtodosth

干……沒必要,在此句式中todo不可換為doing.沒有必要告訴她。Thereisnoneedtotellher.提示:當動名詞用作主語時,其邏輯主語由形容詞性物主代詞和名詞所有格構成。我姐姐病了,使我很擔心。Mysister’sbeingillmademeworried.你正確未必就意味著我錯了。Yourbeingrightdoesn’tnecessarilymeanmybeingwrong.注意:Thereisnoneedtodosth二、動名詞用作賓語動名詞作賓語有兩種情況。1.只能后接動名詞作賓語的動詞,常見的有avoid,consider,enjoy,keep,finish,suggest,dislike,delay,escape,cannothelp,imagine,mind,miss,practise,cannotstand等。如：我不能不去。Ican’t

avoidgoing．你是否考慮過找一位摯友?Haveyou

considered

looking

for

onespecialfriend?二、動名詞用作賓語我們必須設法避免犯同樣的錯誤。Wemusttrytoavoidrepeatingthesamemistake．晚飯后你想和我一起散步嗎?Doyoufeellikehavingawalkwithmeaftersupper?人們忍不住嘲笑那個愚蠢的人。Peoplecouldn’thelplaughingfoolishman．

這類動詞還有:excuse,fancy,giveup,putoff,risk,insiston,lookforward,feellike等。我們必須設法避免犯同樣的錯誤。注意:

當need,want,require,worth后面接動詞-ing也可以表示被動。

Yourhairwantscutting.

Thefloorrequireswashing.Thatnovelisnotworthreading.注意:1.Ican’timagine_____thatwiththem.A.do

B.todoC.beingdone

D.doing

D2.Shelooksforwardeveryspringto_____theflower-linedgarden.A.visitB.payingavisitC.walkinD.walkinginD考例

1.Ican’timagine_____that3.Ladyadoesn’tfeellike______abroad.Herparentsareold.(2011

四川)A.studyB.studyingC.studiedD.tostudyB3.Ladyadoesn’tfeellike___2.既可接動名詞又可接不定式作賓語的動詞,常見的有:begin,start,continue,like,love,prefer,by,mean,forget，remember,hate等。A.在like,love,hate,prefer等動詞之后，用-ing或不定式意義上沒有什么不同,只是側重點有些不同,動名詞表示泛指的動作,不定式表示具體的一次性動作。B.在begin/start,continue之后,用動名詞和不定式,意義無甚區(qū)別,尤其是當主語是人的時候。

2.既可接動名詞又可接不定式作賓語的動詞,C.在動詞forget,remember,regret之后,用動名詞與不定式意義不同。動名詞表示動作先于謂語發(fā)生,不定式表示后于謂語動作,

如：我記得我已把信寄了。Irememberpostingtheletter．我會記著去寄信的。I’llremembertoposttheletter．我永遠不會忘記見到過那位著名作家。Ishallneverforgetseeingthefamouswriter．C.在動詞forget,remember,regret不要忘了給你母親寫信。Don’tforgettowritetoyourmother．我真后悔沒趕上那次報告會。Iregretmissingthereport．我遺憾地告訴你我不能接受你的建議。IregrettosayIcan’ttakeyouradvice．不要忘了給你母親寫信。D.在try,mean之后,意義各不相同,如trytodo(設法),trydoing(試試),meantodo(打算,有意要做),meandoing(意思是,意味著)。如:我們必須設法及時把一切搞好。Wemusttrytogeteverythingdoneintime．我們用別的方法做這工作試試。

Let’strydoingtheworkinginsomeotherway．我并不想叫你生氣。Ididn’tmeantomakeyouangry．你的計劃意味著要花費幾個小時。Yourplanwouldmeanspendinghours．D.在try,mean之后,意義各不相同,如trE.goondoing和goontodogoondoing繼續(xù)做一直在做的事;goontodo接著做另一件事。如：請接著做這同一個練習。Pleasegoondoingthesameexercise．請做另外一個練習。Pleasegoontodotheotherexercise．F.stopdoing與stoptodo:Stopdoing停止做，stoptodo停下正在干的事去干另一件事。如:我們停止了交談。We

stopped

talking．我們停了下來去談話。We

stopped

to

talk．E.goondoing和goontodogoondoing繼續(xù)做原來做的事goontodo接著做另一件事

meandoing意味著要做某事meantodo想要做某事stopdoing停止做某事stoptodo停下來(別的事)開始做某事goondoing繼續(xù)做原來做的事meandointrydoing試著做某事trytodo努力做某事beusedtodoing習慣于做某事

beusedtodo被用來做某事can'thelpdoing禁不住做某事can'thelptodo不能幫助做某事trydoing試著做某事beusedtodo3.作介詞賓語動名詞可與介詞一起構成介詞短語。A.介詞+動名詞,

如：我們得想些法子改變人們的習慣。We’vegottothinkofwaysofchanging

people’shabits.我向你道歉,剛才對你那樣生氣。Iapologizeforbeingsoangrywithyou.離開幾年之后再回到你的家鄉(xiāng),感覺有點怪。Afterbeingawayforseveralyears,itisastrangeexperiencetoreturntothehometown.3.作介詞賓語B.動詞+介詞+動名詞,如：我堅持為這次出行帶足需要的食物。Iinsistontakingproperfoodforthistrip．同學們臉上沒有笑容,相反都做了怪臉。Insteadofsmiling,eachofthemmadeaface．她對為我們公司工作很感興趣。Shewasveryinterestedinworkingforourcompany．下列短語中的to都是介詞,所以后面跟名詞或-ing形式:devoteto,objectto,payattentionto,getdownto,leadto,lookforwardto,stickto,beusedto等。B.動詞+介詞+動名詞,如：1.—Whatmadeyousoupset?—_____twoticketstothepopmusicconcert.A.Losing B.BecauseoflosingC.Tolose D.BecauseIhadlost2.Ican’timagine_______thatwiththem.A.do

B.todoC.beingdone

D.doingA考考你D

1.—Whatmadeyousoupset?A3.Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisk____thegoodopportunity.A.tolose B.losingC.tobelost D.beinglost4.___isforbiddeninsidethepark.A.Tocycle B.WecycleC.AnyonecyclesD.CyclingBD3.Hegotwell-preparedforth5.Ican’tstand___withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses___talkingwhilesheworks.A.working;stoppingB.towork;stoppingC.working;tostopD.towork;tostop6.Theoldladyneeds____.A.lookafter B.tolookafterC.lookingafter D.beinglookedafterCC5.Ican’tstand___withJane1.Ifyoucankeep________(read)Englishnewspapers,yourEnglishwillbeimproved.2.Hehaspromised__________(come)tomybirthdayparty.3.Ihate_________________(tell)lies!4.Iwillneverforget__________(go)toBeijingwithhimlastsummer.Iforgot________(tell)herthenews;sosheknewnothingaboutit.Completethesesentences:readingto

cometelling/to

tellgoingto

tell1.Ifyoucankeep________(re出國旅行是很激動人心的。Travellingabroadisveryexciting.2.在這兒等是沒用的,我們走吧。It’snousewaitinghere.Let’sgo.3.我記得在哪里見過他。Irememberseeinghersomewhere.Translation

出國旅行是很激動人心的。Translation4.我后悔沒聽你的勸告。Iregretnotfollowingyouradvice.5.幫助別人就是幫助你自己。Helpingothersmeanshelpingyourself.Formoreexercises,clickhere.4.我后悔沒聽你的勸告。Formoreexercise高考鏈接

(2005湖北卷)_____fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.Beingseparated B.Havingseparated C.Havingbeenseparated D.Tobeseparated2.(2005全國卷III)Thestormleft,______alotofdamagetothisarea.caused B.tohavecausedC.tocauseD.havingcausedCD高考鏈接(2005湖北卷)_____fromother3.(2005山東卷)Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear,______arecordUS$57.65abarrelonApril4.havereachedB.reachingC.toreachD.tobereachingBFormoreexercises,clickhere.3.(2005山東卷)OilpriceshaverLet’stalkaboutourfriends!Rememberto

useVerb-ingasmuchaspossible.

…ishis/herjobeveryday.

He/She

enjoys…He/Sheis

interested

in…He/She

dreams

of…He/She

hates……makes

him/herhappy/sad.He/She

cares

about…Let’stalkaboutourfriends!Writeaboutapersonyouloveorrespectverymuch.Hereisasampleforyou.Changchangisasmartboy.Playingmodelcarsishisfavourite.Andhealsolikesrunning.Itseemsplayingishisjobeveryday.Besides,heenjoystalkingsomuchthatitseemsthatheneverstopstalkinguntilhegoestosleep.Maybethatiswhyheisgoodattellingstories.Writeaboutapersonyoulove用括號內動詞的正確形式填空。It’snogood_______(try)toremembergrammaticalrules.Youneedtopracticewhatyouhavelearned.2.Hisillnesscouldmeanhim______(miss)nextweek’sgame.3.Wecanneverimagineher_______(pass)theexam,forshehasneverreviewedthelessons.4.Thesuspect(嫌疑犯)atlastadmitted

________(steal)thenecklace.5.Istillremember__________(take)toaconcertbyLiuDehuawhenIwasfive.trying

missing

passing

stealing

beingtaken用括號內動詞的正確形式填空。tryingmissin1.Ittooktheworkmenonlytwohourstofinish_______mycar.A.repairingB.repairC.torepairD.repairedA選擇最佳答案。1.Ittooktheworkmenonlytw2.Haveyouforgotten___$1,000frommelastmonth?Willyoupleaseremember___ittomorrow?A.borrowing;tobringB.toborrow;bringC.borrowed;bringingD.borrowing;bringingA2.Haveyouforgotten___$1,03.Theclassroomneeds_____.A.cleanB.cleanedC.tocleanD.cleaning4.Jacksaidthathewouldn'tmind_____forus.A.towaitB.waitC.waitingD.waitedDC3.Theclassroomneeds_____.5.Mybrotherkeeps___mewithmywork.A.tohelpB.helpC.helpingD.helped6.Weshouldoftenpractise___Englishwitheachother.A.tospeakB.spokeC.speakD.speakingCD5.Mybrotherkeeps___mewit7.Keepon____andyouwillsucceed.A.atryB.tryC.totryingD.trying8.Hisparentsinsiston___tocollege.A.heshouldgoB.hegoC.hisgoingD.himtogoDC7.Keepon____andyouwills9.Thestorywassofunnythatwe___.A.couldn’thelplaughB.can’tbutlaughC.couldn’thelplaughingD.couldn’thelpbuttolaughC9.Thestorywassofunnythat10.Thoughitsoundsabittoodear,itisworth______.A.beingboughtB.buyingC.tobuyD.buyingit11.Hedevotedhislifeto_____theatomictheory.A.studyB.bestudiedC.studyingD.havestudiedBC10.Thoughitsoundsabittoo12.Wearebothlookingforwardto__nextweek.A.goingonvocationB.goonvocationC.begoingonvocationD.havegoneonvocationA12.Wearebothlookingforwar13.Youmustpayattentionto___theworksofLuXun.A.readB.readingC.readerD.beread14.Youshouldworktonightinsteadof_____TV.A.towatchB.youwatchingC.youwatchD.watchingBD13.Youmustpayattentionto15.Themicroscopeisusedfor__minuteobjects.A.examiningB.beingexaminedC.examinedD.examine16.Mikehasgotused___uplateatnight.A.tositB.sitC.tosittingD.sittingAC15.Themicroscopeisusedfor17.Oncetheheartstops_____,deathfollowsatonce.A.beatingB.tobeatC.beingbeatenD.tobebeating18.Wearenowbusy_____fortheexamination.A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.beingpreparedAB17.Oncetheheartstops_____19.Iremembered____thispersonsomewherebefore.A.seeingB.havingbeenseenC.seenD.tosee20.Iregret____thattoher.Shemustbecryingnow.A.havingsaidB.tohavesaidC.tosayD.saidAA19.Iremembered____thisper21.Thepatientmustbeseparatedtoavoid____others.A.beinginfectedB.infectingC.toinfectD.infected22.Yourclothesneed______.A.washedB.tobewashedC.towashD.beingwashedBB21.Thepatientmustbesepara23._____providesuswithessentialnutrients(營養(yǎng)),while______providesuswithoxygen.A.Toeat;breathingB.Eating;tobreatheC.Eating;breathingD.Eaten;breathedC23._____providesuswithess24.Heattendedthepartywithout___.A.invitedB.invitingC.havinginvitedD.beinginvited25.By____,watercanbechangedintogas.A.heatingB.beingheatedC.havingheatedD.heatedDB24.Heattendedthepartywith26.Onlandmanyobjectspreventsound_____veryfar.A.totravelB.travelC.fromtravellingD.totravelling27.Shereturnedhomeonlytofindthedooropenandsomething____.A.missedB.tobemissingC.missingD.tobemissedCC26.Onlandmanyobjectspreve28.Remember__thenewspaperwhenyouhavefinishedit.A.puttingbackB.putbackC.toputbackD.beputback29.Writingstoriesandarticles__whatIenjoymost.A.isB.areC.wasD.wereCA28.Remember__thenewspaper30.Hewasafraid___forbeinglate.A.ofseeingB.ofbeingseenC.tobeseenD.tohaveseenB30.Hewasafraid___forbein1.Summarizetherulesofv-ingformastheSubjectandObjectinyourownway.2.Finishtheexercisesof“Discoveringusefulstructures”onPage13.Homework1.Summarizetherulesofv-in3.Dosomeresearchonverbsfollowingthe

questions:

Whichverbsshouldbefollowedby

verb-ing

form

as

object?

Whichverbsshouldbefollowedby“to

do”?

Whichverbscanbefollowedby

both

forms?3.DosomeresearchonverbsfThankYou!ThankYou!

必修4必修4Unit2WorkingthelandLearningaboutlanguageUnit2_________brown(skin)fromspendingtoomuchtimeinthesun________tomakesomethingorsomebodyfreeof_________tobecomelargerinsize,numberoramountsunburntrid…ofexpandDiscoveringusefulwordsandexpressions1Findthewordorphrasefromthetextforeachofthesemeanings._________brown(skin)fromsp4.________tomakeinformationandideasknowntomanypeople5.____________wouldpreferto6.________totryextremelyhardtoachievesomethingcirculatewould

ratherstruggle4.________tomakeinformatio7.______tosendthingstoforeigncountriesforsale8.___________pleasedbyhavingwhatonewantsorneeds9.______toprovidewiththingsnecessaryforacertainpurpose10._____plantsgrowninlargeamountsbyfarmers11._________becauseofexportsatisfiedwithequipcropthanks

to7.______tosendthingstofAnswerkeyforEx2:1.information:statistics;world:globe2.Strong:super;races:nationalities3.Nothavingenoughfood:hunger;

sickness:disease4.AsmallSoutheastAsiancountry:Vietnam;jobs:occupations5.Openconditions:freedom

soldandsentabroad:exportedAnswerkeyforEx2:1.informa3Completethepassagewiththewordsbelowintheirproperforms.disturbingexpandoutputstrugglebattlesgraincropsdecadeequipIn

thepast_______,someofthefarmersinthewestofChinahavemetwithsomesuccessinthe________againstthe__________desert._________withnewscientificfarmingmethods,decadestruggleexpandingEquipped3Completethepassagewithththeyhavebeenabletouselessfarmlandthaninthepast.Their______of_____andother______,however,isstillthesame,whichmakesitpossibleforthemtousetheremainingfarmlandforplantingtrees.Theseandotherfarmersarestartingtowinsmall______inthegreatwaragainstthe__________growthofthedesert.outputgraincropsbattlesdisturbingtheyhavebeenabletouselesThe–ingformastheSubjectandObjectGrammarThe–ingformastheSubjectaHaveyoueverseenthesesigns?parking,spitting,littering,smoking-ingformsHaveyoueverseenthesesigns

1.Sincethen,findingwaystogrowmorericehasbeenhislifegoal.2.Heenjoyslisteningtoviolinmusic,playingmah-jong,swimmingandreading.3.Spendingmoneyonhimselfor

leadingacomfortablelifealsomeansverylittletohim.4.However,hedoesn’tcareaboutbeingfamous.Readthesentencesfromthereadingpassage.subjectsubjectobjectobject1.Sincethen,findingwayst1.動詞-ing形式的構成:是在動詞末尾加-ing形式構成,因此又叫動詞的-ing形式。如:do-doing,be-being,ask-asking,etc.否定形式:not+-ing構成2.動詞-ing形式不能單獨作謂語,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,但可以有自己的賓語和狀語,還有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。3.動詞-ing形式由動詞加-ing變化而成,它同時具有名詞和動詞的特征,在句中可以作主語、賓語等。1.動詞-ing形式的構成:是在動詞末尾加-ing一、動詞-ing形式作主語表示經常的、習慣性的動作或狀態(tài),謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)。如：Walkingisagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.無論對年輕人和老年人來講,走路是一種很好的鍛煉。Watching

newsonTVhasbecomearoutineforme.在電視上看新聞已經成了我的一種日常習慣。一、動詞-ing形式作主語Going

to

Hangzhoubytraintakesabout16hours.乘火車去杭州要16個小時。Asking

awoman’sageisimpoliteinourcountry.在我們國家問一個女人的年齡是不禮貌的。

GoingtoHangzhoubytraintak2.-ing形式作主語時常后置,此時須用it作形式主語,用形容詞或名詞作表語。常見的名詞或名詞短語有:nouse,nogood,fun,hardwork,ahard/difficultjob,awasteoftime等;形容詞有:dangerous,worthwhile,useless等。如:It’snousemakinganexcuseforthis.為這件事找借口是沒有用的。2.-ing形式作主語時常后置,此時須用itIt’sawasteoftimetalkingaboutsuchauselessthing.談論這樣無用的事情簡直是浪費時間。It’sdangerousswimmingintheseaonwindydays.有風的天氣在海里游泳是危險的。Itisworthwhilediscussingthequestion.這個問題值得討論。It’sawasteoftimetalkinga

不定式作主語往往表示具體的特別是將來的動作。如：

It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.Herealizedthattogoonlikethiswaswrong.（指抽象動作）（指具體動作）不定式作主語往往表示具體的特別是將來的動作。如：（指注意：1、動名詞作主語表單數(shù)概念,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。

Walkingaftersupperisgoodforyourhealth.2、動名詞的復合結構作主語動名詞的復合結構是指物主代詞、名詞所有格是動名詞邏輯上的主語、動名詞是其邏輯上的謂語。

Yourcomingmadeushappy.Yourfather’scookingisverygood.注意：考例

1.—WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset？

—__________hernewbicycle．

A.Asshelost

B.LostC.Losing

D.Becauseoflosing

解析：答案是C。losinghernewbicycle是句子的主語，謂語madehersoupset被省略；losing…在此表示具體的動作?？祭?.—Whatdoyouthink2.Listeningtoloudmusicatrockconcerts

____causedhearinglossinsometeenagers.（2010湖南卷）

A.isB.areC.hasD.have 答案：C解析：根據動名詞短語作主語，句子的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，由此排除B、D兩項，根據主語與caused的主動關系，排除A項2.Listeningtoloudmusicat3.It’snouse_____withouttakingaction.(2011上海)A.complain B.complainingC.beingcomplained D.tobecomplained答案：B解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意為：光抱怨而不采取任何行動是沒用的。根據句型It’snousedoingsth.“做某事沒有意義”,可知選B。3.It’snouse_____withoutt3.在therebe結構中作主語,這種結構的意思相當于“Itisimpossibletodo…”。如：若要人不知,除非己莫為。Thereisno

hiding

ofevilbutnottodoit．這種事開不得玩笑。

Hereisno

joking

aboutsuchmatter.無法知道他什么時候離開Therewasno

knowing

whenhewouldleave.3.在therebe結構中作主語,這種結構的意思動名詞與不定式做主語時的比較：動名詞表示的動作通常是一個泛指的動作,不定式則通常表示具體的動作。如：還是個孩子的時侯,她就覺得探視病人是一種責任,也是一種愉悅。Asachild,shefeltthat

visitingsickpeople

wasadutyandapleasure．到美國人家里做客對我來說將是一個極好的經歷。Being

aguest

inanAmericanhomewillbeagoodexperienceforme.動名詞與不定式做主語時的比較：一直不做就是作惡。

Doingnothing

isdoingill．他說:“繼續(xù)這樣下去是無用的?！?/p>

Hesaid,“To

go