15年西北大學(xué)博士入學(xué)考試試題

Directions:Iherearc20incompletesentencesinthissection.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA.B,CandD.ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.LHewonby,becausehisopponentrefusedtoplay.A?defectC.deficitdefaultD.refusalMrs.SmithissurposedlorIndialastmonth.toleavetobeleavingtohavelefttohavebeenleftIntheeveningtheymetatthehotel,bothcontentwiththeirday,happytoeatamealtogetheranddancealittleafterwards.manuallyC.leisurelycausallyD.vigorouslyTheoutlyingislandthatbelongstothismetropolisisanoasiswheregreenprevailsandtraditionsholdfast.bustlingC.rustlingwhistlingD.rufflingItmethatthemanwasnottellingthetruth.effectspokeshits

10.Thedoctorsarcveryafteroperation.A.dispositionB.deliberationobstructedA.nonethelessD?however.$hc,Sheisalwayslookingtor-,nC.hor^°noveltyD.湫e,token10.Thedoctorsarcveryafteroperation.A.dispositionB.deliberationobstructedA.nonethelessD?however.$hc,Sheisalwayslookingtor-,nC.hor^°noveltyD.湫e,token].rightawa)Theboarddeemediturgentthatthese1eqbeenphadtobeprintedD.beprintedtionshouldliavcbeenprintedtvaitinef°r出?“'Uisheart_withexcitementashewasleaders.flappedflourishedbytheC.flushedpatientsconditionmuchworriedabouttheC.diversionD.deteriorationItgoeswithsayingthatpeoplewhorefucsetowiththelawwillbepunished.concealC.abideconsentD.complyIrealizedtheconsequences,Iwouldneverhavecontemplatedgettinginvovled.A.EvenifBHadInspiteofthefaintdizzyAslongasIfeconomicforecast,manufacturingouputhasrisenslightly.C.gloomyD.opaqueHehadwanteda25%raiseinpay,butaftertalkingtohisboss,hedecidedthata5%rasicwouldhaveto.A.sufficeB.satisfyC.gratifyD.delighteverythinghewasinvolvedin.prevaildominateC.presideD.instructC.presideD.instructmeticulousapplicable17.Georgehasthesocietyandhimself.deservedlyexactlyC.inferiormeticulousapplicable17.Georgehasthesocietyandhimself.deservedlyexactlyC.despicablyD.diffusely18?nolhin?moreiosay,themangottohisfeet,saidgoodbyeandlefttheroom.A.TherewasC.BeingBAs1berebeingD.Iherebeing7110airconditionerweboughtIasimonthissatisfactory.AbyallmeansC.bynomeansBbyanymeans?.bysomemeans.Theofelectroniccomputershasopenedupnewwaysofdataanaylsisforthescientist.A?adventC.advertB?adverseD.adviseSectionIIReadingComprehension(30points,1.5pointseach)Directions:Therearc4passengesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedby5questionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B.CandD,youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Passage1Whatevertheirchosenmethod.Americansbathezealously.Astudyconductedfoundthatwetakeanaverageof4.5bathsand7.5showerseachweekandintheranksofnon-edibleitemspurchasedbystorecustomers,barsoaprankssecond,rightaftertoiletpaper.Wespendmorethan$700millionannuallyonsoaps,butallworkthesameway.Soapiscomposedofmoleculesthatatoneendattractwaterandattheotherendattractoilanddirt,whilereplacingwater.Withakindofpushingandpullingaction,thesoaploosensthebondsholdingdirtlotheskin.Unlessyou'reusingagermicidalsoap,itusuallydoesn'tkillthebacteria——soapsimplyremovesbacteriaalongwithdirtandoil.Neitherbathsnorshowersareallthatnecessaryandunlessyou'reinaThirdWorldcountrywhereinfectiousdiseasesarecommon,oryouhaveopensoresonyourskin,thedirtandbacteriaaren'tgoingtohurt.Theonlyreasonforshoweringorbathingistofeelcleanandrefreshed.Thereisaphysiologicalbasisfbrthisrelaxedfeeling.Yourlimbsbecomeslightlybuoyantinbathwater,whichtakesaloadoffmusclesandtension.Morever,ifthewaterishotterthannorm!bodytemperature,thebodyattemptstoshedheatbyexpandingthebloodvesselsnearthesurfaceoftheskin,lesseningthecirculatorysystem'sresistancetobloodflow,anddroppingbloodpressuregently.Abathisalsothemosteffectivewaytohydratetheskin.Thelongeryousoak,themorewatergetsintotheskinandbecausesoaplowersthesurfacetensionofthewater,ithelpsyouhydraterapidlyandremovedryskinflakes.

inwhichit'ssuspended—ina畫all<hcd嚅江哨常叫嚅黑floatonthesurface.So..ashowcr,however,yousolutionistotakeabathandthenrinseo“formicrobes.In哎J時(shí)orfreshlyexposedskinbecomesapDgbody,suchthePprobablyhaveasmanybacteriaoncertainPsTOC\o"1-5"\h\z^^sut^ent-AmericanbathezeaouslyMisclosertosaying-AmericansbathevvastcfullyAmericansareratherambivalenttobathingAmericansbathewithintenseenthusiasmAmericansbathetoomuch.Whichofthefollowingismentionedasoneofthebenefitsofbathing..Dryskinsflakeswilldisappearfromthebodyonceyougetout°f,aB-Itkillsbacteriabetterthanshowering.Itreducesyourbloodcirculationifitisniceandwarm.Thefloatingactioncanreducethestressonyourmuscles.Accordingtothetext,bathingremovesdryskinflakesbecause?thesoapdrawsitoiTthebodytheskinhydratesthecirculadonofbloodexpandsskinparticlesD?thechangeinbloodpressurereleasesthefilmAbathwillnotkillthebacteriafromyourbodyevenif.youuseagermicidalsoapyouuseananti-bactcrialsoapyouusesoaptoscrubitvigorouslyD?youarcunderspecialircatmentforitWccaninferfromthistextthattheauthorbelieves.A?therealbenefitsofbathingarcpsychologicalnothygienicbathingissuperiortotakingpowerC?buyingsoapisawasteofmoneyD?wedonotneedtobatheasmuchaswedocurrentlyPassage2IhemostthoroughlystudiedintellectualsinthehistoryoftheNewWorldaretheministersandpoliticalleadersofseventeenth-centu^NewEngland.AccordingtothestandardhistoryofAmericanphilosophy,nowhereelseincolonialAmericawas“somuchimportantattachedtointellectualpursuits".Accordingtomanybooksandarticles,NewEngland'sleadersestablishedthebasicthemesandpreoccupationsofanunfolding,dominantPuritantraditioninAmericanintellectuallife.Totakethis叩proachtotheNewEnglandersnormallymeanstostartwiththePuritans'theologicalinnovationsandtheirdistinctiveideasaboutthechurch—importantsubjectsthatwemaynotneglect.Butinkeepingwithourexaminationsof臂hemintellectuallife,wemayconsidertheoriginalPuritansascarriersofEuropeanculture,adjustingtoNewWorldcircumstances.ThenewEnglandcolonies4werethescenesofimportantepisodesinthepursuitofwidelyunderstoodidealsofcivility<indvirtuosity.TheearlysettlersofMassachusettsBayincludedmenofimpressiveeducationandinfluenceinEngland.BesidestheninetyorsolearnedministerswhocametoMassachusettschurchesinthedecadeafter1629,therewerepolitical1carderslikeJohnWinthrop,aneducatedgentleman,lawyer,andofficialoftheCrownbeforehejourneyedtoBoston.Theremenwroteandpublishedextensively,reachingbothnewWorldandOldWorldaudiences,andgivingNewEnglandanatomosphcrcotintcllccutalearnestness.Weshouldnotforget,however,thatmostNewEnglanderswerelesseducated.Whilefewcraftsmenorfarmers,letalonedependentsandservants,leftliterarycompositionstobeanalyzed.Theirthinkingoftenhadatraditionalsuperstiousquality.AtailornamedJohnDannc,whoemigratedinthelate1630s.leftanaccountofhisreasonsforleavingEnglandthatisOiledwithsigns.Sexualconfusion,economicfrustrations,andreligioushope-allnametogetherinadecisivemomentwhenheopenedtheBible,toldhisfatherthefirstlinehesawwouldsettlehisfate,andreadthemagicalwords:"comeoutfromamongthem,touchnouncleanthing,andIwillbeyourGodandyoushallbemypeplc.MOnewonderswhatDanethoughtofthecarefulsermonsexplainingtheBiblethatheheardinpuritanchurch.Meanwhile,manysettlershadslighterreligiouscommitmentsthanDan's,asoneclergymanlearnedinconfrontingfolkalongthecoastwhomockedthattheyhadnotcometotheNewWorldforreligion.^Ourmainendwastocatchfish.”Theauthornotesthatinthescvcntccn-centuryNewEngland.Puritantraditiondominatedpoliticallifeintellectualinterestswereencouragedpolitesbenefitedmuchfromintellectualendeavorsintellectualpursuitsenjoyedaliberalenvironmenttissuggestedinparagragh2thatNewEnglanders.experimentedacomparativelypeacefulearlyhistor>rbroughtwiththemthecultureoftheOldWorldpaidlittleattentiontosouthernintellectuallifewereobsessedwithreligiousinnovations28,TheearlyministersandpoliticalleadersinMassachusettsBaywerefamousintheNewWorldfbrtheirwritingsgainedincreasingimportanceinreligiousaffairsabandonedhighpositionsbeforecomingtotheNewWorldD?createdanewintellectualatmosphereinNewEngland.ThestotyofJohnDaneshowsthatlesswell-educatedNewEnglanderswereofteninfluencedbysuperstionstroubledwithreligiousbeliefspuzzledbychurchsermonsfrustratedwithfamilyearnings.ThetextsuggeststhatearlysettlersinNewEngland.weremostlyengagedinpoliucalacnviucsweremotivatedbyanillusoryprospercamefromdifferentbackgroundsleft命wformalrecordsforlaterreferencePassage3Likesomanythingsofvalue,truthisnotalwayseasytothingsthatregardastrueshapesourbeliefs,attitudes,andactions.Yetwecanievehavenobasisinfact.Peoplearecapableofembracinghoffificpreceptsaincredibleinretrospect.InNaziGennany,AdolfHitlerhadmillionsoffollowers:0acceptedhisdelusionsaboutracialsuperority.AsVoltaireputitlongbeforeHierstime,'Thosewhocanmakeyoubelieveabsurditescanmakeyoucommitatrocities.Wearesurroundedbyillusions,somecreateddeliberately.Theymanybesubtleormayaffectusprofoundly.Someillusions,suchasfilmsandnovels,weseekoutandappreciate.Otherscanmakeusmiserableandevenkillus.Weneedtoknowifparticularfoodsthattasteperfectlyfinecanhurtusintheshortterm(aswithSalmonellacontamination)orinthelongterm(choleserol),whetheraprevalentvirusissodangerousthatweshouldavoidpublicplaces,andwhatproblemsapoliticalcandidatemaycauseorresolveifelected.Gaininginsightsaboutthetruthoftenisachallenge,andmisconceptionscanbedifficulttorecognize.Weoftenbelievestoriesbecausetheyaretheoneavailabe.MostpeoplewouldidentifyThomasEdisonastheinventoroftheincandescentlightbulb.AlthoughEdisonperfectedacommerciallysuccessfuldesign,hewasprecededintheexperimentationbyBritishinventorsFrederickdeMoleynsandJosephSwan,andbyAmericanJ.W.Starr.Thebiggestenemiesoftruthare:peoplewhosejobistosellusincompleteversionsoftheavailablefacts,ourwillingnesstobelievewhatwewantandthesimpleabsenceofaccurateinformation.Companiesadvertisingproductsontelevisiondonotdescribetheadvantagesoftheircompetitor'sproductsanymorethanamanaskingawomantomarryhimencourageshertodateothermenbeforemakinguphermind.Itisasocialrealitythatpeoplecncourgeoneothertomakeimportantdecisionswithlimited/acts.Technologyhassimlifiedandcomplicatedthefact-gatheringprocess.Theinternetallowsustocheckfactsmoreeasily,butitalsodisbursesmisinformation.Similarly,abeliefthatvideosandphotosnecessarilyrepresentrealityingoreshoweasilytheycanbedigitallyaltered.Unquestioningrelianceonsuchformsofmediamakesusmoresusceptibletomanipulators:thosewhowanttodecievecandazzleuswithamodenversionofsmokeandmirrors.31.AccordingtoVoltaire,.Hitlerwasobsessedwithviloenceirrationalideasmaybespreadwidely88dE吃黑跣―明32，Mph2sh黑野y?A?truthishardt02B?Publichealth黑黑皿。miscon8Pti0nspoliticalelections?tstnuchatlcntionillusionsLhdXin1md而即33.BymentioningThomasr戶如心ncwlnsi8htsbusinesssuccesses皿；：鼠鼠需8111stoemphasizethat注:黑曾is5invoivecooperationO黑°nahd而mayinfluencetechnologicalprogress34A；；黑TT喂aybeduetolackofinformation，ert】smgandmakingamarriageproposalaresimilarinthatbothA.encouragefaircompetitiongivepartialinformationattackihcirenemiestakeadvantageofpeople'shesitation35.Theboldfacedword“disburses”inParagraph5probablymeans_A?spreadsc.falsifiesB.disturbsD.correctsPassage4Whenitcomestotheslowingeconomy,EllenSperoisn'tbitinghernailsjustyet.Butthe47-year-oldmanicuristisn*tcuuing,fillingorpolishingasmanynailsasshe'dliketo,either.MostofherclientsspendS12to$50weekly,butlastmonthtwolongtimecustomerssuddenlystoppedshowingup.Speroblamesthesofteningeconomy.tTamagoodeconomicindicator,3,shesays,“Iprovideaserviceihaxpeoplecandouithoutwhenthey'reconcernedaboutsavingsomedollars."SoSperoisdownscaling,shoppingatmiddle-browDillard'sdepartmentstorenearhersuburbanClevelandhome,insteadofNeimanMarcus.U1don'tknowifotherclientsaregoingtoabandonme,too."shesays.EvenbeforeAlanGreenspan'sadmissionthatAmerica'sred-hoteconomyiscooling,lotsofworkingfolkshadalreayseensignsoftheslowdownthemselves.FromcardealershipstoGaooutlet,saleshavebeenlaggingformonthsasshopperstempertheirspending.Forretailers,wholastyeartookin24percentoftheirrevenuebetweenThanksgivingandChristmas,thecautiousapproachiscomingatacrucialtime.Already,expertssay,holidaysalesareoff7percentfromlastyear'space.Butdon'tsoundanyalarmsjustyet.Consumersseemonlymildlyconcerned,notpanicked,andmanysaytheyremainoptimisticabouttheeconomy'slong-termprospectsevenastheydosomemodestbelt-tightening.Consumerssaythey*renotindespairbecause,despitethedreadfulheadlines,theirownfortunesstillfeelprettygood.Homepricesareholdingsteadyinmostregions.InManhattan,“There'sanewgoldrushhappeningintheS4millionto$10millionrange,predominantlyfedbyWallStreetbonuses,'*soysbrokerBarbaraCorcoran.InSanFrancisco,pricesarestillrisingevenasfrenziedoverbiddingquiets.“Insteadof20to30ofters,nowmaybeyouonlygettwoorthree,"saysJohnTealdi,aBayAreareal-estatebroker.AndmostfolksstillfeelprettycomfortableabouttheirabilitytofindandkeepajobManyfolksseesilverliningstothisslowdown.Potentialhomebuyerswouldcheerfbrlowerinterestrates.Employerswouldn'tmindalittlefewerbubblesinthejobmarket.Manyconsumersseemtohavebeeninfluencedbystock-marketswings,whichinvestorsnowviewasnecessaryingredienttoasustainedboom.Dinersmightseanupside,too.GettingatableatManhattan'shotnewAlainDucasserestaurantusedtobeimpossible.Notanymore.Forthat,Greenspan&Co.maystillbeworthtoasting.By"EllenSperoisn'tbitinghernailsjustyefinPara1,theauthormeansA?SperocanhardlymaintainherbusinessSperoistoomuchengagedinherworkC?SperohasgrownoutofherbadhabbitD,SperoisnotinadesperatesituationHowdothepublicfeelaboutthecurrenteconomicsituation?OptimisticConfusedCarefreePanicked3弋帆領(lǐng)mentioning"the$4milliontoS10millionrange"inPara3,theauthoristalkingabout.A.goldmarketB?realestateC.stockexchangeD?ventureinvestmentWhycanmanypeopleseeusilverlinings^totheeconomicslowdown?Theywouldbenefitincertainuays.Thestockmarketshowssignsofrecovery.C?Suchaslowdownusuallyprecedesaboom.D?Thepurchasingpowerwouldbeenhanced.4°.Towhichofthefollowingistheauthorlikelytoagree?A.Anewboom,onthehorizon.B?Tightenthebell,thesingleremedy.Cautionallright,panicnot.Themoreventures,themorechances.SectionIIITranslation(20points)SectionIVPracticalWriting(10pointe)SectionVWriting(20points)回5Chin^vq詁SectionIVPracticalWriting(10pointe)SectionVWriting(20points)回5Chin^vq詁msuperficiaJIymor?successfuJ.They'remorefiin如havgabeerwith