英語語音語調 unit 3課件

LectureThree

EnglishPhonemesIII&IVRevision概念1：音素和音標(phonemesandtranscription)

音素是語言最小的語音單位，例如book/b?k/是由/b//?//k/3個音組成，音素能區(qū)別詞匯意義，能把同一個詞的一種語法形式和另一種形式區(qū)別開來，如bed--bad（不同詞匯意義）;man–men（不同語法意義）。每一個英語單詞都有語音形式和書寫形式。音標就是詞的語音形式，是用來標記每一個詞或字母的讀音的書面符號。復習前一星期要掌握的音素前元音/i://I/以及輔音/r//n//l/

后元音/?//C:/以及輔音/s//f//W/

Tonguetwisterfor/n/:/l/

Thereisnoneedtolightanightlightonanightliketonight.Forabrightnightlightisjustlikeaslightlight.LessonOneMinimalpairs/e/：/eI//F/：/s//F/：/tF//e/前元音(thefrontvowels）,發(fā)音時，舌端抵下齒，前臺抬起，但抬得不如/i:/高，雙唇稍扁，牙床近乎半開，是短音。音素體驗：sevenbeds;thenextlesson;freshandenergetic;tendesks;thebesttext;wetwithsweatContrasting/i:/,/?/,and/e//i:/ high,front,unroundedvowel/I

/ lowerhigh,front,unroundedvowel/e/ mid,front,unroundedvoweldiphthong(雙元音)Adiphthongisaglidefromonevoweltoanother.Itispronouncedasonesyllable.Theloudnessbecomeslessastheglidegoeson,sothesecondelementofthediphthongisonlylightlysounded.Thissinglesyllable,whichisarticulatedwithasinglebreath,isquitedifferentfromtwoseparatesyllables.ThediphthongsofEnglishareintwogroups:oneistheclosingdiphthongswhichendin/I/and/?/,andtheotheriscenteringdiphthongswhichendin/?/(Tpronouncesrespectivelythesimplevowelsanddiphthongsclearly,loudlyandslowly,Sslistencloselyandquietlyforthecorrectpronunciation)./eI/合口雙元音（closingdiphthong）雙元音在發(fā)音時，可以聽出兩個元音的滑動，從第一個元音自然地過渡到第二個元音。雙元音的共同發(fā)音特點是前面一個元音發(fā)得較清楚，較長，后面的元音發(fā)得較模糊，較短。/eI/發(fā)音時先將舌尖抵住前下齒，舌前部抬向硬腭，高度為中高，發(fā)元音/e/，然后兩唇拉向兩邊，寬度減小，在同時舌身高度抬至/I/的高度，在這一滑動過程中形成/eI/。二）輔音/F//s//tF//F/為摩擦音(fricatives),發(fā)//時，舌前端抬起靠近上齒齦后部但不貼住，舌身兩側緊貼上顆，中間形成一條狹長的通道，氣流通過舌端與上齒齦后部時摩擦成音。雙唇稍向前突。/F/是清輔音，發(fā)音時要卷舌，且只送氣但聲帶不振動;注意不要用普通話中的“sh”來代替音素/F/aship;achef;share;T-shirt/s/舌尖齒齦摩擦音/s/為舌尖齒齦摩擦音，發(fā)音方法:舌前端靠近上齒齦，但不接觸，上下齒靠攏，但不咬住，氣流由舌端與上齒齒齦逸出，摩擦成音。/s/是清輔音，發(fā)音時送氣，但聲帶不振動。aseat:astand:ahouse:mice:juice/t/破擦音(affricate)，/t/是/t/和//的結合。發(fā)/t/時，舌尖和舌端抵住上齒齦后部形成阻礙，發(fā)音時，發(fā)/F/的動作時解除這個阻礙，氣流通過發(fā)出破擦音/tF/。/tF/清輔音，發(fā)音時送氣，聲帶不振動。注意：舌前端先頂在上齒齦后部，不留縫隙，然后漸漸放開成一隙縫，氣流緩緩從中沖出。所以它有//的摩擦，又有/t/的爆破。/tF/

achild;achurch;ateacher;awatch1)GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina.中國發(fā)生了巨大的變化。2)JennyhadchickenandFrenchfriesforlunch.詹妮午飯吃的是雞肉和薯條。3)JimurgeduncleJohntobuyadigitalwatch.吉姆催促約翰叔叔買塊電子表。4)Janeenjoyedsandwichesverymuch.簡很喜歡吃三明治。LessonTwoMinimalpairs:/?/：/

u：//v/：/f//v/：/w//?/isusuallyreadinthefollowinglettersorcombinedletters:uoooouputfullsugarbullpushbutcherwolfwomanbosomtogoodstoodwoodfootsoot(beforetanddinthewords)bookcookhooklooktookshook(beforekinthewords)couldshouldwould/u:/isusuallyreadinthefollowinglettersandcombinedletters:ouooouueewoe

dowhomoveloseJunerudeSusantoofoodsoonmoonspoonyougroupsoupthroughgluetruebluechewjuiceshoe輔音/f//v//w/

/f//v/為唇齒摩擦音。發(fā)/f/音時，將上齒放在下唇上，氣流從上齒間的隙縫通過，齒唇發(fā)生摩擦而成。發(fā)音時送氣強，但聲帶不振動。連續(xù)不斷發(fā)/f/，將聲帶振動，就會發(fā)出/v/(普通話中沒有和/v/相似的音)。flower;first；wife;knife;laugh;cough注意：由于漢語中沒有/v/的發(fā)音，要多加練習，不要用清輔音/f/來代替這個濁輔音。也不要和后面要講的半元音/w/混淆。/v/是唇齒摩擦音，而/w/為舌后雙唇音。TonguetwisterWhethertheweatherbefineorwhethertheweatherbenot.Whethertheweatherbecoldorwhethertheweatherbehot.We’llweathertheweatherwhetherwelikeitornot.

TonguetwisterShesellsseashellsontheseashore,Andtheshellsshesellsareseashells,I’msure,’causeifshesellsshellsattheseashore,Theshellsshesellsareseashells,forsure.Tellastory---TheBoyWhoCriedWolf

Ashepherdboywaslookingafterhissheeponthemountain.Hewasboredsohishouted,“Help!Wolf!”Thenhewatchedallthepeoplerunupthemountainfromthetown.Helaughed.“Where’sthewolf?Where’sthewolf?”thepeopleasked.“Itranaway!”theboysaid.Nextdayhewasboredsoheshouted,“Help!Wolf!”Thenhewatchedallthepeoplerunupthemountainfromthetown.“Where’sthewolf?Where’sthewolf?”thepeopleasked.“Itranaway!”t