語(yǔ)音學(xué)教案課件

EnglishPhoneticsLecturer:MichaelChapterI.Introduction1.ArticulatoryPhonetics:TraditionalPhonetics口耳之學(xué)：辨音、聽(tīng)音、析音、記音工具：電子腭位儀、x光攝影、x光攝像、電子聲門(mén)儀見(jiàn)圖：聲門(mén)高速成像（北大：孔江平教授）應(yīng)用于語(yǔ)言教學(xué)、醫(yī)學(xué)等2.AcousticPhonetics:ExperimentalPhonetics（實(shí)驗(yàn)音系學(xué)）

工具：二戰(zhàn)時(shí)soundspectrograph(語(yǔ)圖儀)――刺探軍情破譯密碼；現(xiàn)在用Praat、桌上語(yǔ)音等軟件。應(yīng)用于SpeechsynthesisVoice-print（聲紋）:用于司法、保密等。

音系學(xué)相當(dāng)于“語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)法“+voiced-voiced/X___Y_sonorant國(guó)內(nèi)研究中心中國(guó)社科院語(yǔ)言研究所、北京大學(xué)、北京語(yǔ)言大學(xué)、南開(kāi)大學(xué)、香港科技大學(xué)SomeoftheResearchers

ChapterII.Vowels1.Definition2.CardinalVowels(DanielJones)TheideaofvowellimitsandvowelspaceThePrimaryCardinalVowels舌位高低、前后、唇形EnglishVowelsPurevowelsFront:/i:/,/I/,/e/,/{/Central:/V/,/?:/,/@/Back:/A:/,/Q/,/O:/,/U/,/u:/Diphthongs/eI/,/aI/,/aU/,/@U/,/OI/,/I@/,/E@/,/U@/Thedifferencebetween/?/and/e/TonguepositionLipshapee.g.bit/bet;lid/ledBackvowel鵝，鵝，鵝…,我餓呀！給點(diǎn)吃的吧!舌尖下縮,發(fā)音時(shí)感覺(jué)舌根部在振動(dòng),口腔中空

Backvowel/U/六小靈童陜西農(nóng)民賣(mài)花themuseumofUndergroundWarriorsCome,come;Look,look;Good,good;Cheap,cheap;book,cook,BushI’mfull./l/

Backvowel/u:/foodyou,/j/foolMetoo!Me吐！Backvowel/ɑ:/

far,car,It’stoohard.Youbrokemyheart.calmdownBackvowel/?/美音開(kāi)口大，近似于/ɑ/alotofhotpot,hotdogCentralvowel

/@/China,Diana,idea,Asia,India,SilviaCentralvowel/V/Hurryup!Shutup!Goodluck!Loveme,lovemydog./e?/Lay累關(guān)鍵在?Today?Great!Areyoucrazy?/a?/關(guān)鍵在開(kāi)口度和共鳴音Good-bye!拜拜！I’mfine!Idon’tbite.Youliar!/??/Enjoysomefreshair.Whatabeautifulvoice!Oil,soil,toilet,employerSparetherod,spoilthechild./??//?:?/DearMum,Doyouhearme?career,Cheerup!period,serious,theory,VictoriaGoodidea!/??/Takecare!Areyouscared?ChapterThreeConsonantsDefinitionTheClassificationofConsonants(Iowa)

Bilabial雙唇音4個(gè)：/p/,/b/,/m/,/w/Labio-dental唇齒音2個(gè)：/f/,/v/,Lingua-dental齒音2個(gè)：/θ/,/e/Lingua-alveolar齒齦音7個(gè)：/t/,/d/,/s/,/z/,/n/,/l/,/tr/,/dr/,/t?/,/d?/Consonants26個(gè):Palatal硬腭音4個(gè):/?/,/?/,/r/,/j/Velar軟腭音3個(gè)：/k/,/g/,/?/Glottal聲門(mén)音1個(gè)：/h/Bilabial雙唇音4個(gè)：/p/,/b/,/m/,/w//p/,/b/爆破音,凡是沒(méi)有和元音相拼,就失去爆破,發(fā)音很輕,/b/的聲帶也不振動(dòng).topstudents,tripped,hopeless,jobless,obtain,objectsilentporb:cupboard,receipt,psychology,comb,climb,thumb,debt,doubtplay,blow,place,applyforajobafters:sparkle,spain,steak,stomach,disturb,/m/口鼻腔要有共鳴Mum,mama,romeNosmoking!SmilinggirlI’llcomeoversoon.SometimesTimeflies!Aim,empty,symbol,warm-hearted,Gameisover./w/What?Getawayfromme!WomanVerywell!Quitewell!Iswear!Twice,twin,twelve唇齒音/f/,/v/

摩擦音fit,feet,vivid,V,verygood,view,obvious,individualinstruction,few,fifty齒音/θ/,/e/

摩擦音,舌尖置于齒間或上齒后，舌身外展，使舌邊抵上齒，阻塞氣流。

/W/與元音相拼時(shí)，音質(zhì)像拼音的da（大）不看單詞，聽(tīng)音模仿thought,think,thin，thousand,theif,thick,three,throat,threw,things,Thanksamillion！mouth(speakingwhilingpointingtoit)both,health,month,method，author,worth,death,path,faith,/e/濁音they,these,then,there,other,breathe,though,this,that,those,theaim,them,smooth,with,bathe,northen,either,breathing,brother,rhythmelisionof/W/,/T/months,twelfths,fiths,clothes,cloths齒齦音

/t/,/d/爆破音,注意失爆.Takecare!Timeflies!Goodjob!Goodnews,admit,ed:worked,laughedth:Thomas,Anthony,Thames,/e/Silentt:Christmas,listen,oftenAfterS:stomach/s/,/z/

zoo,zero,pens,dogs,eyes,hours,legs,hands,examples/n/錯(cuò)誤:舌尖碰到門(mén)牙Now!Nonewsisgoodnews.DinnerWhen?downtown,hens.Seeyousoon!Rain,train,learnit,齒齦音

/l/舌邊音，可捏著鼻子，一松一放，無(wú)共鳴發(fā)音e.g.辣妹子辣，辣，辣，辣，辣…好辣！/l/low/no,night/light,lot/not,let/netsilentl:talk,walk,should,would,could,half,calm,folkdark/l/近似于/J/,但/J/的舌尖不用抵上齒齦,此外,/l/不用撅嘴唇.children,culture,cool,full,film,milk,health,little,beautiful/tr/,/dr/后齒齦音破擦音,舌尖頂后齒齦(齒齦脊的后部),阻塞氣流,發(fā)出摩擦聲.錯(cuò)誤:舌面貼后齒齦（下頜張開(kāi)發(fā)音,時(shí)舌尖上翹后齒齦有助于克服該問(wèn)題），爆破與摩擦的感覺(jué)不強(qiáng),用拼音chw,zhw代替.try(揣),true(處),tree,train,truthdry,drinkIfyoucandreamit,youcanmakeit.Whyareyoudresseduptoday?/t?/,/d?/腭齒齦音破擦音,舌尖的位置比/tr/,/dr/更靠后,用舌尖和舌葉頂,而非用整個(gè)舌面貼腭齒齦,爆破與摩擦的感覺(jué)要強(qiáng)錯(cuò)誤:四川人用拼音的q和j代替,北方人用拼音ch和zh代替.用nature過(guò)渡發(fā)音China,Ifyougivemeachance,I’llrewardyouasurprise.child,chocolate,choose,“絕的”Jack,judge/?/,/?/腭齒齦音摩擦音,舌中線留出一條小槽.fasion,English,patient,Don’tpushme!/?/摩擦的感覺(jué)強(qiáng)烈,聲帶振動(dòng),與/j/的區(qū)別:/j/無(wú)摩擦聲.treasure,measure,visual,leisurewear,decision,garage,confusionMypleasure!/r/分clear/r/和dark/r/后齒齦音或硬腭音,流音（因?yàn)閐ark/r/具有元音的特質(zhì)，可依拖長(zhǎng)）發(fā)音時(shí)舍身抬起并后縮，舌兩側(cè)貼上腭（J.D.O’Connor），或Sidesoftonguetobackteeth.Tippointsup.舌尖不可碰到齒齦。

/r/bird,word,world,pearlharbour,sure,learningrent,very,Don’tcry!/j/硬腭音滑音，無(wú)摩擦。You,year,yes,beyond,opinion,humor,huge,super,t,d,n后面省/j/newstudent/k/,/g/軟腭音爆破音，注意失爆。Carl,Book,askforhelp,character,Silentk:know,muscle,knee,AfterS:thick-skinned,schoolgod,bigmoney,green,great,clean,glass/?/軟腭音/?//g//?/wrong,longlongago,tongue/ton,song/son,sing/sin,thing/thin,think,English,singer,finger/h/聲門(mén)音摩擦音，氣流受阻程度比拼音的h(軟腭音)小。Heyguys,comehere!Whosemoneyisthis?Hers？His.Who?Him.Ihad!(曾經(jīng)擁有一段真摯的感情嗎？)Home,Hand,Heart-brokenSilenth:hour,honest,honour,exhibit,vehicle,heir繼承人1)/?/children,culture,cool,full,film,milk,health,little,beautifulDifficultconsonantsofEnglish2)/T/thought,think,thin,thousand,theif,thick,three,throat,threw,thingsmouth(speakingwhilingpointingtoit)both,health,month,method，author,worth,death,path,faithDifficultconsonantsofEnglish3)/N/四川方言：“注意點(diǎn)哈，看nga(碾）倒人！”襖子，被咬了一口wrong,longlongago,tongue/ton,song/son,sing/sin,thing/thin,think,English,singer,fingerDifficultconsonantsofEnglish4)/Z/treasure,measure,visual,vision,leisurewear,decision,garage,confusionMypleasure!ConsonantsChapterFourSyllableandStress

syllablerhymeOnsetpeakcodaThestructureofasyllableEnglishsyllablestructureE.g.Kr?mpt

onsetpeakcodaWeaksyllables1.“Schwa”/?/e.g.barracks/b?r?ks/