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英美國(guó)家概況TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland英美國(guó)家概況TheUnitedKingdomofGrUnit7SocialWelfareTheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandUnit7SocialWelfareTheUnitThinkaboutthesequestionsbeforewestart:Whatdoes“cradletograve”mean?Whatistheroleplayedbythe“NHS”?DoyouknowcurrentformsofBritishsocialwelfare?Warming-upActivitiesThinkaboutthesequestionsbeContents
PersonalSocialServicesinBritainHousingandUrbanPolicy
SocialSecurityⅠⅡⅢHealthCareIVEducationandSocialPolicyVIIIContentsPersonalSocialServiTheBeveridgeschemecomprehensivenessclassesofinsuranceflatratebenefitsflatratecontributionsadequacyunifiedadministrationSocialSecurity
TheBeveridgeschemeSocialSTheBeveridgeschemecomprehensivenessclassesofinsuranceflatratebenefitsflatratecontributionsadequacyunifiedadministrationSocialSecurity
TheBeveridgeschemeSocialSIncomesupplementsSocialsecurityforunemployedpeoplePensionsSocialSecurity
SocialSecurity
ChildBenefitThebasicargumentsforChildBenefitare:-itispaidtothemother,whomayhavenootherincome-itisnotmeans-testedandtakeupisveryhigh-itissimpletoadminister-itavoidsproblemslikethepovertytrapandstigma-ithelpstoprotectthepositionoftheworkingpoor.SocialSecurity
SocialSecurity
Theargumentsagainstare:-itisnotwelltargeted.-theredistributionishorizontalfrompeoplewithoutchildrentopeoplewithchildren-ratherthanvertical,fromrichtopoor.ChildBenefitmayredistributefromapoorsinglepersontoabetter-offfamily.SocialSecurity
SocialSecurity
After1948,threedepartmentswereresponsibleforpersonalsocialservices:healthdepartments,responsibleforpublichealthandvariousaspectsofsocialcare;welfaredepartments,responsibleforresidentialcareandhelptoelderlyanddisabledpeople;Children’sdepartments,responsibleforchildcare.PersonalSocialServices
PersonalSocialServices
Sloppingout,1938.Victorianprisonshadnotoiletsincells.Followingrepeatedlegalactioninthelasttenyears,toiletfacilitieshavenowbeenintroducedinnearlyallBritishprisons-butlatein2011,2000cellsSloppingout,1938.VictorianAfter1948,threedepartmentswereresponsibleforpersonalsocialservices:healthdepartments,responsibleforpublichealthandvariousaspectsofsocialcare;welfaredepartments,responsibleforresidentialcareandhelptoelderlyanddisabledpeople;Children’sdepartments,responsibleforchildcare.PersonalSocialServices
PersonalSocialServices
ChildcarepolicyCommunitycarepolicyServicestocriminaljusticePersonalSocialServices
PersonalSocialServices
Since2001,theseobjectiveshavebeenreplacedbyaimswhichhavemoretodowithcommunitybasedpunishment:theserviceisintendedtoprotectthepublictoreduceoffendingtoprovidefortheperpunishmentofoffenderstoensurethatoffendersareawareoftheeffectsofcrime,andtorehabilitateoffenders.PersonalSocialServices
Since2001,theseobjectivesOwner-occupationThisexpansionhasledtootherproblems,includingfinancialhardshipwhenincomesareunstabledifficultywiththefinancecompaniesworkingatthelowerendofthemarketlegalproblemsstructuralproblems,becausethehousesareofteninferiorvulnerabilitytomarketfluctuations,particularlysincethederegulationofthemarketinthelate1980sHousingandUrbanPolicy
Owner-occupationHousingandUhousing,andthehousingitreplacedAhostelforhomelesspeopleinthe1930shousing,andthehousingitASocialhousingPrivaterentedhousingProblemestatesHousingandUrbanPolicy
HousingandUrbanPolicy
Anunpopularestate,emptiedinpreparationfordemolitionAnunpopularestate,withburntoutcarAnunpopularestate,AnunpopuExamplesofproblemsinpoorareasare:Vandalism.Rubbish.Homemaintenance.Lackofcommunityfacilities.Emptyhousing.Design.HousingandUrbanPolicy
ExamplesofproblemsinpooraUrbandeprivationandtheinnercitiesThebasiccriticismsofinnercitypolicyare:themajorityofpoorpeopledonotliveintheinnercities.themajorityofpeoplelivingintheinnercitiesarenotpoor.thedefinitionofdeprivedareashasbeensuspect.theindicatorsused-likecarownership-haveabiastowardsurbanareas.evenifthepremisesofarea-basedpoliciesareaccepted,therearemajorconcentrationsofdeprivationontheedgesofcities.
HousingandUrbanPolicy
UrbandeprivationandtheinnePriorto1948,healthservicesweremainlybasedonthreesources:Charityandthevoluntarysector.Privatehealthcare.Hospitalswerefeepayingorvoluntary;primarycarewasmainlyfee-payingorinsurance-based.ThePoorLawandlocalgovernment.PoorLawhospitalsweretransferredtolocalgovernmentbythe1930PoorLawAct.Healthcare
Priorto1948,healthservices英美國(guó)家概況(英國(guó)部分)Unit-7-Social-welfare課件TheNHSinprincipleTheNHSandthehospitalsTheorganisationoftheNHSHealthcare
Healthcare
Nursesdemonstrateoverlowpay,1982NursesdemonstrateoverlowpaEducationalstandardsAseriesofconservativecritiquesoftheeducationsysteminthe1970sarguedthattheabandonmentofselectionhadbeendestructive;disciplineinschoolshadbeeneroded;newteachingmethodshadfailed.
Bycontrast,theschoolsinspectoratemadeaverydifferentsetofcriticismsofschooling:Comprehensiveshadimitatedgrammarschoolsinsteadofdevelopingtheirownkindofcurriculum.Examsdominatedthecurriculumunreasonably.Virtuallyallschoolsletdownthelessablepupils.EducationandsocialpolicyEducationalstandardsEducatioReformsineducationTherehavebeenthreemaintrendsinrecentreforms.Centralisation.Assessmentbyoutcomes.Theuseof“initiatives”.EducationandsocialpolicyReformsineducationEducationSummaryandReflectionRelatetowhatyouhavelearnedinChapter10,stateyourownunderstandingofthefollowingquestions:1.WhatisNHS?Whatareitscoreprinciples?2.WhataretheReformsineducationinBritainmainlyabout?3.WhoisBeveridge?WhatishiscontributiontoBritishsociety?SummaryandReflectionRelatetThankYou!英美國(guó)家概況TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandThankYou!英美國(guó)家概況TheUnitedKi英美國(guó)家概況TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland英美國(guó)家概況TheUnitedKingdomofGrUnit7SocialWelfareTheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandUnit7SocialWelfareTheUnitThinkaboutthesequestionsbeforewestart:Whatdoes“cradletograve”mean?Whatistheroleplayedbythe“NHS”?DoyouknowcurrentformsofBritishsocialwelfare?Warming-upActivitiesThinkaboutthesequestionsbeContents
PersonalSocialServicesinBritainHousingandUrbanPolicy
SocialSecurityⅠⅡⅢHealthCareIVEducationandSocialPolicyVIIIContentsPersonalSocialServiTheBeveridgeschemecomprehensivenessclassesofinsuranceflatratebenefitsflatratecontributionsadequacyunifiedadministrationSocialSecurity
TheBeveridgeschemeSocialSTheBeveridgeschemecomprehensivenessclassesofinsuranceflatratebenefitsflatratecontributionsadequacyunifiedadministrationSocialSecurity
TheBeveridgeschemeSocialSIncomesupplementsSocialsecurityforunemployedpeoplePensionsSocialSecurity
SocialSecurity
ChildBenefitThebasicargumentsforChildBenefitare:-itispaidtothemother,whomayhavenootherincome-itisnotmeans-testedandtakeupisveryhigh-itissimpletoadminister-itavoidsproblemslikethepovertytrapandstigma-ithelpstoprotectthepositionoftheworkingpoor.SocialSecurity
SocialSecurity
Theargumentsagainstare:-itisnotwelltargeted.-theredistributionishorizontalfrompeoplewithoutchildrentopeoplewithchildren-ratherthanvertical,fromrichtopoor.ChildBenefitmayredistributefromapoorsinglepersontoabetter-offfamily.SocialSecurity
SocialSecurity
After1948,threedepartmentswereresponsibleforpersonalsocialservices:healthdepartments,responsibleforpublichealthandvariousaspectsofsocialcare;welfaredepartments,responsibleforresidentialcareandhelptoelderlyanddisabledpeople;Children’sdepartments,responsibleforchildcare.PersonalSocialServices
PersonalSocialServices
Sloppingout,1938.Victorianprisonshadnotoiletsincells.Followingrepeatedlegalactioninthelasttenyears,toiletfacilitieshavenowbeenintroducedinnearlyallBritishprisons-butlatein2011,2000cellsSloppingout,1938.VictorianAfter1948,threedepartmentswereresponsibleforpersonalsocialservices:healthdepartments,responsibleforpublichealthandvariousaspectsofsocialcare;welfaredepartments,responsibleforresidentialcareandhelptoelderlyanddisabledpeople;Children’sdepartments,responsibleforchildcare.PersonalSocialServices
PersonalSocialServices
ChildcarepolicyCommunitycarepolicyServicestocriminaljusticePersonalSocialServices
PersonalSocialServices
Since2001,theseobjectiveshavebeenreplacedbyaimswhichhavemoretodowithcommunitybasedpunishment:theserviceisintendedtoprotectthepublictoreduceoffendingtoprovidefortheperpunishmentofoffenderstoensurethatoffendersareawareoftheeffectsofcrime,andtorehabilitateoffenders.PersonalSocialServices
Since2001,theseobjectivesOwner-occupationThisexpansionhasledtootherproblems,includingfinancialhardshipwhenincomesareunstabledifficultywiththefinancecompaniesworkingatthelowerendofthemarketlegalproblemsstructuralproblems,becausethehousesareofteninferiorvulnerabilitytomarketfluctuations,particularlysincethederegulationofthemarketinthelate1980sHousingandUrbanPolicy
Owner-occupationHousingandUhousing,andthehousingitreplacedAhostelforhomelesspeopleinthe1930shousing,andthehousingitASocialhousingPrivaterentedhousingProblemestatesHousingandUrbanPolicy
HousingandUrbanPolicy
Anunpopularestate,emptiedinpreparationfordemolitionAnunpopularestate,withburntoutcarAnunpopularestate,AnunpopuExamplesofproblemsinpoorareasare:Vandalism.Rubbish.Homemaintenance.Lackofcommunityfacilities.Emptyhousing.Design.HousingandUrbanPolicy
ExamplesofproblemsinpooraUrbandeprivationandtheinnercitiesThebasiccriticismsofinnercitypolicyare:themajorityofpoorpeopledonotliveintheinnercities.themajorityofpeoplelivingintheinnercitiesarenotpoor.thedefinitionofdeprivedareashasbeensuspect.theindicatorsused-likecarownership-haveabiastowardsurbanareas.evenifthepremisesofarea-basedpoliciesareaccepted,therearemajorconcentrationsofdeprivationontheedgesofcities.
HousingandUrbanPolicy
UrbandeprivationandtheinnePriorto1948,healthservicesweremainlybasedonthreesources:Charityandthevoluntarysector.Privatehealthcare.Hospitalswerefeepayingorvoluntary;primarycarewasmainlyfee-payingorinsurance-based.ThePoorLawandlocalgovernment.PoorLawhospitalsweretransferredtolocalgovernmentbythe1930PoorLawAct.Healthcare
Priorto1948,healthservices英美國(guó)家概況(英國(guó)部分)Unit-7-Social-welfare課件TheNHSinprincipleTheNHSandthehospitalsTheorganisationoftheNHSHealthcare
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