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Chapter9
NetworkManagementComputerNetworking:ATopDownApproachFeaturingtheInternet,
3rdedition.
JimKurose,KeithRoss
Addison-Wesley,July2004.
1
NetworkManagementChapter9
NetworkManagementCoChapter9:NetworkManagementChaptergoals:
introductiontonetworkmanagementmotivationmajorcomponentsInternetnetworkmanagementframeworkMIB:managementinformationbaseSMI:datadefinitionlanguageSNMP:protocolfornetworkmanagementsecurityandadministrationpresentationservices:ASN.12
NetworkManagementChapter9:NetworkManagementCChapter9outlineWhatisnetworkmanagement?Internet-standardmanagementframeworkStructureofManagementInformation:SMIManagementInformationBase:MIBSNMPProtocolOperationsandTransportMappingsSecurityandAdministrationASN.13
NetworkManagementChapter9outlineWhatisnetwoWhatisnetworkmanagement?autonomoussystems(aka“network”):100sor1000sofinteractinghardware/softwarecomponentsothercomplexsystemsrequiringmonitoring,control:jetairplanenuclearpowerplantothers?"Networkmanagementincludesthedeployment,integrationandcoordinationofthehardware,software,andhumanelementstomonitor,test,poll,configure,analyze,evaluate,andcontrolthenetworkandelementresourcestomeetthereal-time,operationalperformance,andQualityofServicerequirementsatareasonablecost."
4
NetworkManagementWhatisnetworkmanagement?autInfrastructurefornetworkmanagementagentdataagentdataagentdataagentdatamanageddevicemanageddevicemanageddevicemanageddevicemanagingentitydatanetworkmanagementprotocoldefinitions:manageddevicescontainmanagedobjectswhosedataisgatheredintoaManagementInformationBase(MIB)
managingentity5
NetworkManagementInfrastructurefornetworkmanNetworkManagementstandardsOSICMIPCommonManagementInformationProtocoldesigned1980’s:theunifyingnetmanagementstandardtooslowlystandardizedSNMP:SimpleNetworkManagementProtocolInternetroots(SGMP)startedsimpledeployed,adoptedrapidlygrowth:size,complexitycurrently:SNMPV3defactonetworkmanagementstandard6
NetworkManagementNetworkManagementstandardsOSChapter9outlineWhatisnetworkmanagement?Internet-standardmanagementframeworkStructureofManagementInformation:SMIManagementInformationBase:MIBSNMPProtocolOperationsandTransportMappingsSecurityandAdministrationASN.17
NetworkManagementChapter9outlineWhatisnetwoSNMPoverview:4keypartsManagementinformationbase(MIB):distributedinformationstoreofnetworkmanagementdataStructureofManagementInformation(SMI):datadefinitionlanguageforMIBobjectsSNMPprotocolconveymanager<->managedobjectinfo,commandssecurity,administrationcapabilitiesmajoradditioninSNMPv38
NetworkManagementSNMPoverview:4keypartsManaSMI:datadefinitionlanguage
Purpose:syntax,semanticsofmanagementdatawell-defined,unambiguousbasedatatypes:straightforward,boringOBJECT-TYPEdatatype,status,semanticsofmanagedobjectMODULE-IDENTITYgroupsrelatedobjectsintoMIBmoduleBasicDataTypesINTEGERInteger32Unsigned32OCTETSTRINGOBJECTIDENTIFIEDIPaddressCounter32Counter64Guage32TimeTicksOpaque9
NetworkManagementSMI:datadefinitionlanguageSNMPMIBOBJECTTYPE:OBJECTTYPE:OBJECTTYPE:objectsspecifiedviaSMIOBJECT-TYPEconstructMIBmodulespecifiedviaSMIMODULE-IDENTITY(100standardizedMIBs,morevendor-specific)MODULE10
NetworkManagementSNMPMIBOBJECTTYPE:OBJECTTYPSMI:Object,moduleexamplesOBJECT-TYPE:
ipInDeliversMODULE-IDENTITY:
ipMIBipInDeliversOBJECTTYPESYNTAXCounter32MAX-ACCESSread-onlySTATUScurrentDESCRIPTION“ThetotalnumberofinputdatagramssuccessfullydeliveredtoIPuser-protocols(includingICMP)”::={ip9}ipMIBMODULE-IDENTITYLAST-UPDATED“941101000Z”O(jiān)RGANZATION“IETFSNPv2WorkingGroup”CONTACT-INFO“KeithMcCloghrie……”DESCRIPTION“TheMIBmoduleformanagingIPandICMPimplementations,butexcludingtheirmanagementofIProutes.”REVISION“019331000Z”………::={mib-248}11
NetworkManagementSMI:Object,moduleexamplesOBMIBexample:UDPmoduleObjectIDNameTypeComments.UDPInDatagramsCounter32total#datagramsdeliveredatthisnode.UDPNoPortsCounter32#underliverabledatagrams noappatportl.UDInErrorsCounter32#undeliverabledatagrams allotherreasons.UDPOutDatagramsCounter32#datagramssent.udpTable SEQUENCEoneentryforeachport inusebyapp,givesport# andIPaddress12
NetworkManagementMIBexample:UDPmoduleObjectSNMPNamingquestion:howtonameeverypossiblestandardobject(protocol,data,more..)ineverypossiblenetworkstandard??answer:ISOObjectIdentifiertree:
hierarchicalnamingofallobjectseachbranchpointhasname,number.ISOISO-ident.Org.USDoDInternetudpInDatagramsUDPMIB2management13
NetworkManagementSNMPNamingquestion:howtonaCheckoutwww.alvestrand.no/harald/objectid/top.htmlOSI
Object
Identifier
Tree14
NetworkManagementCheckoutwww.alvestrand.no/haSNMPprotocolTwowaystoconveyMIBinfo,commands:agentdataManageddevicemanagingentityresponseagentdataManageddevicemanagingentitytrapmsgrequestrequest/responsemodetrapmode15
NetworkManagementSNMPprotocolTwowaystoconveSNMPprotocol:messagetypesGetRequestGetNextRequestGetBulkRequestMgr-to-agent:“getmedata”(instance,nextinlist,block)MessagetypeFunctionInformRequestMgr-to-Mgr:here’sMIBvalueSetRequestMgr-to-agent:setMIBvalueResponseAgent-to-mgr:value,responsetoRequestTrapAgent-to-mgr:informmanagerofexceptionalevent16
NetworkManagementSNMPprotocol:messagetypesGeSNMPprotocol:messageformats17
NetworkManagementSNMPprotocol:messageformatsSNMPsecurityandadministrationencryption:DES-encryptSNMPmessageauthentication:compute,sendMIC(m,k):computehash(MIC)overmessage(m),secretsharedkey(k)protectionagainstplayback:usenonceview-basedaccesscontrolSNMPentitymaintainsdatabaseofaccessrights,policiesforvarioususersdatabaseitselfaccessibleasmanagedobject!18
NetworkManagementSNMPsecurityandadministratiChapter9outlineWhatisnetworkmanagement?Internet-standardmanagementframeworkStructureofManagementInformation:SMIManagementInformationBase:MIBSNMPProtocolOperationsandTransportMappingsSecurityandAdministrationThepresentationproblem:ASN.119
NetworkManagementChapter9outlineWhatisnetwoThepresentationproblemQ:doesperfectmemory-to-memorycopysolve“thecommunicationproblem”?A:notalways!problem:differentdataformat,storageconventionsstruct{charcode;intx;}test;test.x=256;test.code=‘a(chǎn)’a0000000100000011a0000001100000001test.codetest.xtest.codetest.xhost1formathost2format20
NetworkManagementThepresentationproblemQ:doeAreal-lifepresentationproblem:aging60’shippie2004teenagergrandma21
NetworkManagementAreal-lifepresentationproblPresentationproblem:potentialsolutions1.
Senderlearnsreceiver’sformat.Sendertranslatesintoreceiver’sformat.Sendersends.real-worldanalogy?prosandcons?2.Sendersends.Receiverlearnssender’sformat.Receivertranslateintoreceiver-localformatreal-world-analogyprosandcons?3.Sendertranslateshost-independentformat.Sends.Receivertranslatestoreceiver-localformat.real-worldanalogy?prosandcons?22
NetworkManagementPresentationproblem:potentiaSolvingthepresentationproblem1.
Translatelocal-hostformattohost-independentformat2.Transmitdatainhost-independentformat3.Translatehost-independentformattoremote-hostformataging60’shippie2004teenagergrandma23
NetworkManagementSolvingthepresentationproblASN.1:AbstractSyntaxNotation1ISOstandardX.680usedextensivelyinInternetlikeeatingvegetables,knowingthis“goodforyou”!defineddatatypes,objectconstructorslikeSMIBER:BasicEncodingRulesspecifyhowASN.1-defineddataobjectstobetransmittedeachtransmittedobjecthasType,Length,Value(TLV)encoding24
NetworkManagementASN.1:AbstractSyntaxNotatioTLVEncodingIdea:transmitteddataisself-identifyingT:datatype,oneofASN.1-definedtypesL:lengthofdatainbytesV:valueofdata,encodedaccordingtoASN.1standard1234569BooleanIntegerBitstringOctetstringNullObjectIdentifierRealTagValue
Type25
NetworkManagementTLVEncodingIdea:transmittedTLV
encoding:
exampleValue,5octets(chars)Length,5bytesType=4,octetstringValue,259Length,2bytesType=2,integer26
NetworkManagementTLV
encoding:
exampleValue,NetworkManagement:summarynetworkmanagementextremelyimportant:80%ofnetwork“cost”ASN.1fordatadescriptionSNMPprotocolasatoolforconveyinginformationNetworkmanagement:moreartthansciencewhattomeasure/monitorhowtorespondtofailures?alarmcorrelation/filtering?27
NetworkManagementNetworkManagement:summarynetChapter9
NetworkManagementComputerNetworking:ATopDownApproachFeaturingtheInternet,
3rdedition.
JimKurose,KeithRoss
Addison-Wesley,July2004.
28
NetworkManagementChapter9
NetworkManagementCoChapter9:NetworkManagementChaptergoals:
introductiontonetworkmanagementmotivationmajorcomponentsInternetnetworkmanagementframeworkMIB:managementinformationbaseSMI:datadefinitionlanguageSNMP:protocolfornetworkmanagementsecurityandadministrationpresentationservices:ASN.129
NetworkManagementChapter9:NetworkManagementCChapter9outlineWhatisnetworkmanagement?Internet-standardmanagementframeworkStructureofManagementInformation:SMIManagementInformationBase:MIBSNMPProtocolOperationsandTransportMappingsSecurityandAdministrationASN.130
NetworkManagementChapter9outlineWhatisnetwoWhatisnetworkmanagement?autonomoussystems(aka“network”):100sor1000sofinteractinghardware/softwarecomponentsothercomplexsystemsrequiringmonitoring,control:jetairplanenuclearpowerplantothers?"Networkmanagementincludesthedeployment,integrationandcoordinationofthehardware,software,andhumanelementstomonitor,test,poll,configure,analyze,evaluate,andcontrolthenetworkandelementresourcestomeetthereal-time,operationalperformance,andQualityofServicerequirementsatareasonablecost."
31
NetworkManagementWhatisnetworkmanagement?autInfrastructurefornetworkmanagementagentdataagentdataagentdataagentdatamanageddevicemanageddevicemanageddevicemanageddevicemanagingentitydatanetworkmanagementprotocoldefinitions:manageddevicescontainmanagedobjectswhosedataisgatheredintoaManagementInformationBase(MIB)
managingentity32
NetworkManagementInfrastructurefornetworkmanNetworkManagementstandardsOSICMIPCommonManagementInformationProtocoldesigned1980’s:theunifyingnetmanagementstandardtooslowlystandardizedSNMP:SimpleNetworkManagementProtocolInternetroots(SGMP)startedsimpledeployed,adoptedrapidlygrowth:size,complexitycurrently:SNMPV3defactonetworkmanagementstandard33
NetworkManagementNetworkManagementstandardsOSChapter9outlineWhatisnetworkmanagement?Internet-standardmanagementframeworkStructureofManagementInformation:SMIManagementInformationBase:MIBSNMPProtocolOperationsandTransportMappingsSecurityandAdministrationASN.134
NetworkManagementChapter9outlineWhatisnetwoSNMPoverview:4keypartsManagementinformationbase(MIB):distributedinformationstoreofnetworkmanagementdataStructureofManagementInformation(SMI):datadefinitionlanguageforMIBobjectsSNMPprotocolconveymanager<->managedobjectinfo,commandssecurity,administrationcapabilitiesmajoradditioninSNMPv335
NetworkManagementSNMPoverview:4keypartsManaSMI:datadefinitionlanguage
Purpose:syntax,semanticsofmanagementdatawell-defined,unambiguousbasedatatypes:straightforward,boringOBJECT-TYPEdatatype,status,semanticsofmanagedobjectMODULE-IDENTITYgroupsrelatedobjectsintoMIBmoduleBasicDataTypesINTEGERInteger32Unsigned32OCTETSTRINGOBJECTIDENTIFIEDIPaddressCounter32Counter64Guage32TimeTicksOpaque36
NetworkManagementSMI:datadefinitionlanguageSNMPMIBOBJECTTYPE:OBJECTTYPE:OBJECTTYPE:objectsspecifiedviaSMIOBJECT-TYPEconstructMIBmodulespecifiedviaSMIMODULE-IDENTITY(100standardizedMIBs,morevendor-specific)MODULE37
NetworkManagementSNMPMIBOBJECTTYPE:OBJECTTYPSMI:Object,moduleexamplesOBJECT-TYPE:
ipInDeliversMODULE-IDENTITY:
ipMIBipInDeliversOBJECTTYPESYNTAXCounter32MAX-ACCESSread-onlySTATUScurrentDESCRIPTION“ThetotalnumberofinputdatagramssuccessfullydeliveredtoIPuser-protocols(includingICMP)”::={ip9}ipMIBMODULE-IDENTITYLAST-UPDATED“941101000Z”O(jiān)RGANZATION“IETFSNPv2WorkingGroup”CONTACT-INFO“KeithMcCloghrie……”DESCRIPTION“TheMIBmoduleformanagingIPandICMPimplementations,butexcludingtheirmanagementofIProutes.”REVISION“019331000Z”………::={mib-248}38
NetworkManagementSMI:Object,moduleexamplesOBMIBexample:UDPmoduleObjectIDNameTypeComments.UDPInDatagramsCounter32total#datagramsdeliveredatthisnode.UDPNoPortsCounter32#underliverabledatagrams noappatportl.UDInErrorsCounter32#undeliverabledatagrams allotherreasons.UDPOutDatagramsCounter32#datagramssent.udpTable SEQUENCEoneentryforeachport inusebyapp,givesport# andIPaddress39
NetworkManagementMIBexample:UDPmoduleObjectSNMPNamingquestion:howtonameeverypossiblestandardobject(protocol,data,more..)ineverypossiblenetworkstandard??answer:ISOObjectIdentifiertree:
hierarchicalnamingofallobjectseachbranchpointhasname,number.ISOISO-ident.Org.USDoDInternetudpInDatagramsUDPMIB2management40
NetworkManagementSNMPNamingquestion:howtonaCheckoutwww.alvestrand.no/harald/objectid/top.htmlOSI
Object
Identifier
Tree41
NetworkManagementCheckoutwww.alvestrand.no/haSNMPprotocolTwowaystoconveyMIBinfo,commands:agentdataManageddevicemanagingentityresponseagentdataManageddevicemanagingentitytrapmsgrequestrequest/responsemodetrapmode42
NetworkManagementSNMPprotocolTwowaystoconveSNMPprotocol:messagetypesGetRequestGetNextRequestGetBulkRequestMgr-to-agent:“getmedata”(instance,nextinlist,block)MessagetypeFunctionInformRequestMgr-to-Mgr:here’sMIBvalueSetRequestMgr-to-agent:setMIBvalueResponseAgent-to-mgr:value,responsetoRequestTrapAgent-to-mgr:informmanagerofexceptionalevent43
NetworkManagementSNMPprotocol:messagetypesGeSNMPprotocol:messageformats44
NetworkManagementSNMPprotocol:messageformatsSNMPsecurityandadministrationencryption:DES-encryptSNMPmessageauthentication:compute,sendMIC(m,k):computehash(MIC)overmessage(m),secretsharedkey(k)protectionagainstplayback:usenonceview-basedaccesscontrolSNMPentitymaintainsdatabaseofaccessrights,policiesforvarioususersdatabaseitselfaccessibleasmanagedobject!45
NetworkManagementSNMPsecurityandadministratiChapter9outlineWhatisnetworkmanagement?Internet-standardmanagementframeworkStructureofManagementInformation:SMIManagementInformationBase:MIBSNMPProtocolOperationsandTransportMappingsSecurityandAdministrationThepresentationproblem:ASN.146
NetworkManagementChapter9outlineWhatisnetwoThepresentationproblemQ:doesperfectmemory-to-memorycopysolve“thecommunicationproblem”?A:notalways!problem:differentdataformat,storageconventionsstruct{charcode;intx;}test;test.x=256;test.code=‘a(chǎn)’a0000000100000011a0000001100000001test.codetest.xtest.codetest.xhost1formathost2format47
NetworkManagementThepresentationproblemQ:doeAreal-lifepresentationproblem:aging60’shippie2004teenagergrandma48
NetworkManagementAreal-lifepresentationproblPresentationproblem:potentialsolutions1.
Senderlearnsreceiver’sformat.Sendertranslatesintoreceiver’sformat.Sendersends.real-
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