高中定語從句講解與練習(xí)

定語從句專項講解與練習(xí)1、 定語從句在句中修飾某個名詞或代詞，被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。定語從句需用下列關(guān)聯(lián)詞：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。它們起連詞作用，本身做從句的主語、賓語、表語或定語，本身在從句中作時間、地點或原因狀語。主要有who,whom,that,whose,which,as,when,where,why。PS:what不能引導(dǎo)定語從句.指人的關(guān)系代詞有who、whose、whom、that.指物的關(guān)系代詞有which、whose(=ofwhich)、that.Theoldmanwho/whom/thatwevisitedyesterdayisafamousartist.MissWangistakingcareofthechildwhoseparentshavegonetoBeijing.Themanwithwhommyfathershookhandsjustnowisourheadmaster.(=Themanwho/whom/thatmyfathershookhandswithjustnowisourheadmaster.)Ilikethebookswhich/thatwerewrittenbyLuXun.Thedesks(which/that)wemadelastyearwereverygood.Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.(=Thisisthehousewhich/thatwelivedinlastyear.)Iliveintheroomwhosewindowsfacesouth.(=Iliveintheroom,thewindowsofwhichfacesouth.)2、 掌握以上關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞的含義及使用時，要特別注意以下幾點：指人時宜用who的情況：當(dāng)先行詞是one,ones,anyone或those,these時，關(guān)系代詞用who。TheradeIwanttolearnfromistheonewhostudieshardandworkshard.Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.Anyonewhogoestherewillbepunished.ThesewhoaregoingtoBeijingarethebeststudentsofourschool.在therebe開頭的句子中。There'sabeautifulgirlwhocametoseeyouthismorning.Thereisastudentwhowantstoseeyou.先行詞后有一個較長的定語。ImetaforeignerinthecitylastweekwhocouldspeakChinesewell.一個句子中帶有兩個定語從句，其中一個定語從句的關(guān)系代詞是that，另一個宜用who,以免重復(fù)。Thestudentthatwonthefirstprizeisthemonitorwhoworkshards.在非限定性定語從句中。Shehasabrother,whoworkedatthatfactorytenyearsago.指物時宜用that的情況：當(dāng)先行詞為all,none,much,little,few,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代詞時。Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.當(dāng)先行詞既指人又指物時。Hespokeofthemenandthething(that)hehadseenabroad.當(dāng)先行詞是疑問詞who,what,which時或者句子以疑問詞who,what,which打頭時。Whothathassuchahomedoesn'tloveit?先行詞是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或者當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級修飾時。ThisisoneofthebestfilmsthatIhaveeverseen.Thisisthebestthatcanbedonenow.當(dāng)先行詞被thevery,theonly,thelast,thesame,just,oneof,any,every,few,little,no,all,oneof等修飾時。ThisisoneoftheverybookthatIamlookingfor.關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語。Maryisnolongerthegirlthatsheusedtobe.只能用which不能用that的情況。引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句修飾某物或整個句子。Brucewenttowardsthefire,whichwasstillsmoking.Tomcamebacklate,whichmadehisparentsveryangry.關(guān)系代詞作介詞的賓語。ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunoncelived.that,those作主語時ThosewhichareonthedeskareEnglishbooks.關(guān)系代詞as和which都能引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句代表整個句子的內(nèi)容，as引導(dǎo)的從句可位于句首或句末，which引導(dǎo)的定語從句則不能位于句首。Whichyouknow,heisagoodman.(x)Asyouknow,heisagoodman.(V)關(guān)系副詞when,where,why其含義相當(dāng)于onwhich,inwhich,forwhich等，可以互換：Thedaywhen/onwhichImethimfirstwasMay1st.Idon'tknowthereasonwhy/forwhichhedidn'te.whose指物時，可以與ofwhich等結(jié)構(gòu)互換，但應(yīng)注意與冠詞的位置關(guān)系：Thisisthebookthecoverofwhich/ofwhichthecover/whosecoverisblue.有時可用that代替關(guān)系副詞。在口語中常省略。Thisisthereason(why/forwhich/that)hecamelate.先行詞是專有名詞、整個句子或世界上獨一無二的物質(zhì)名詞時，一般用非限定性定語從句修飾。Thesun,whichgivesuslightandheat,isverybig.在先行詞和定語從句之間有無逗號有時會引起名義的變化：Hesaidnothingthatmadeherangry.他沒說使她生氣的話。Hesaidnothing,whichmadeherangry.他一言不發(fā)，這使她很生氣。部分短語動詞中的介詞不可與動詞拆開，在定語從句中其介詞不可前置，只能放在其動詞之后。Isthisthebookwhichsheislookingfor?Theoldmanwho/whomtheyarewaitingforisProfessorLi.Thechildwho/whomsheislookingafterisWangPing'sson.先行詞前有such、thesame、as時，關(guān)系代詞用as,不用that,但thesame???as…表示同樣的，thesame…that…表示同一的。Heknowsasmanypeopleasarepresentatthemeeting.Suchpeopleasyourefertoarerarenowadays.3、 定語從句與強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)Itistheplacewheretheylivedbefore.Itisintheplacethattheylivedbefore.第一個句子為定語從句，where指代theplace,在定語從句中作狀語，第二個句子為強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，強調(diào)intheplace,that沒有意義，把放回后面句子,句子意思完整。Whereisitthathefoundthelostwatch?（強調(diào)句型,強調(diào)疑問副詞where.）Whereisthewatchhefoundyesterday?（定語從句，that指代thewatch.）4、 定語從句中的先行詞Isthisbooktheonethatyouboughtyesterday?Isthisthebookthatyouboughtyesterday?第一個句子中，thisbook是主句的主語，theone是先行詞。在第二個句子中this是主句的主語，thebook是先行詞。一定要避免出現(xiàn)：Isthisbookthatyouboughtyesterday?5、 定語從句與同位語從句定語從句相當(dāng)于形容詞，它對先行詞起修飾、描述或限制作用，而同位語從句則相當(dāng)于名詞，對其前面的詞給予說明或作進一步解釋，即說明該詞所表示的具體內(nèi)容。例如：Thenewsthatweheardisnottrue.（定語從句）Thenewsthathewontheprizeisnottrue.（同位語從句）另：在“havenoidea+從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，其從句都作idea的同位語。例如：Ihavenoideawhenshewillbeback.6、 限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別：Allthestudentswhostudyhardhavepassed.學(xué)習(xí)努力的學(xué)生都考試及格了。（只有努力的及格了，不努力的沒及格。）Allthestudents,whostudyhardhavepassed.所有的學(xué)生都及格了，他們學(xué)習(xí)努力。（沒有人不及格，這些學(xué)生都很努力。）在限制性定語從句中，從句是先行詞不可缺少的定語（如去掉，主句意思就不完整或不正確。）從句與主句關(guān)系密切，不用逗號。譯為漢語時，從句譯在先行詞前，與先行詞用“的”連接。在非限制性定語從句中，從句是對先行詞的附加說明（如去掉，主句意思仍清楚，不受影響。）從句與主句關(guān)系不十分密切，用逗號與主句隔開。譯為漢語時，從句放在主句后面。As和which的辨析關(guān)系。Ol.Thiselephantislikeasnake,as/whicheverybodycansee.=Aseverybodycansee,thiselephantislikeasnake.任何人都看得出來，這頭象像條蛇。O2.Tomdidn'tpassthephysicsexam,whichmadehisparentsveryangry.Tom物理考試不及格，這使得他父親很生氣。這兩個例句中，as和which所代表的都是整個主句所表示的內(nèi)容。但有兩點不同之處：在形式上as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可位于主句的后面，也可位于主句的前面；而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能位于主句的后面，不能位于主句的前面。在意義上，as引導(dǎo)的定語從句和主句的關(guān)系一般為一致關(guān)系，常譯為“正如……”，“就像……”，而which引導(dǎo)的定語從句和主句的關(guān)系是因果關(guān)系，或which引導(dǎo)的定語從句是對主句的評論。因此，在意思通順的情況下，which可代替as,而as許多時候不能代替which,如句02?！井?dāng)從句和主句語義一致時，用as,反之則用which。Shehasmarriedagain,aswasexpected.Shehasmarriedagain,whichwasunexpected.】再如：1） Hewaslateagain,as/whichwehadexpected.=Aswehadexpected,hewaslateagain.正如我們所料,他又遲到了。/他又遲到了這是我們早就料到的。2） Thestreethasn'tbeenclearedforweeks,whichmakesitverydirty.街道好多星期沒有打掃了，因此整條街很臟。(不用as)Theyoungmancheatedhisfriendofmuchmoney,whichwasdisgraceful.那年輕人詐騙了他朋友許多錢財，這是不光彩的。(不用as)Hetakesexerciseeveryday,whichhasdonealotofgoodtohishealth.他每天運動，這對他的身體很有好處。(不用as)Ashasalreadybeenpointedout,Englishisratherdifficultforaforeigner.正如已經(jīng)指出的那樣，英語對于初學(xué)者說，是相當(dāng)難學(xué)的。c.as在從句中作主語時，后面常接行為動詞的被動語態(tài)，如beknown,besaid，bereported等，如從句中行為動詞是主動語態(tài)，一般要用which作主語。Shehasbeenlateagain,aswasexpected.Tomhasmadegreatprogress,whichmadeushappy.在such???as…、thesame…as…、as…、asmany???/muchas…等結(jié)構(gòu)中,as不能用which代替。Suchbooksasthisaretoodifficultforbeginners.這樣的書對于初學(xué)的人來說是太難了。=Bookssuchasthisare…=Bookslikethisare…Iliveinthesamebuildingashe(does).我和他住再同一座大樓里。Heknowsasmanypeopleasarepresentatthemeeting.他認(rèn)識所有到會的人。Thatdayweallgotupearlyasusual.那天我們和平時一樣，都起得很早。“Oneofthe+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”后面定語從句中謂語單復(fù)數(shù)情況“Oneofthe+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”后面定語從句中謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，跟定語從句所靠近的那個復(fù)數(shù)名詞在數(shù)上保持一致。如：Thatisoneofthebooksthatarerequiredforstudyatschool.Thisisoneofthemostwonderfulnovelsthathavebeenpublishedsince1990.SheisoneofthefewpersonswhoknowSpanish.Thisisoneofthemostfamousplaysthatwerewritteninthethirties,如果oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞這一結(jié)構(gòu)前面帶有theonly、thevery之類的限定語，后面定語從句的謂語動詞則要用單數(shù)形式，這是因為定語從句在意義上修飾的是one而不是那個復(fù)數(shù)名詞。如：HeistheonlyoneoftheteacherswhoknowsFrenchinourschool」修飾theonlyone)HeisoneoftheteacherswhoknowFrenchinourschool.(修飾theteachers)Thisistheonlyoneoftheroomsthatisfreenow.(修飾theonlyone)Thisisoneoftheroomsthatarefreenow.(修飾rooms)由關(guān)系副詞when,where,why所引導(dǎo)的定語從句。when在從句中作時間狀語,其先行詞多為表示時間概念的名詞。WecanneverforgetthedaywhenHongKongreturnedtoourhomeland.我們永遠也不會忘記XX回歸祖國的那一天。where在從句中作地點狀語,其先行詞多為表示地點概念的名詞。Thebuildingwhereyouusedtolivehasbeenpulleddown.你過去住的樓房已經(jīng)被拆除了。why在從句中作原因狀語,其先行詞多為表示原因概念的名詞。Weknowthereasonwhyhewasveryangry.我們知道他為什么那么生氣。ThisisthedaywhenIjoinedtheparty/whichhespentreadingthebooks/whichIstillneverforget.Thisistheplacewhichweoncevisited/whichIwillneverforget/whichIamlookingfor/whereIfoundthebook.PS：關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞之間并非毫無關(guān)聯(lián)，兩者之間存在密切的聯(lián)系。1).很多情況下關(guān)系副詞用“介詞+which/whom”來代替，其中的介詞由先行詞或定語從句中謂語動詞的形式來決定，例如：ThedaywhenImetthefamouspopstarwasthegreatestdayofmylife.=ThedayonwhichImetthefamouspopstarwasthegreatestdayofmylife.見到這位著名歌星的那天是我一生中最重要的日子。IshallneverforgetthoseyearswhenIlivedwithher.=IshallneverforgetthoseyearsduringwhichIlivedwithher.我將永遠不會忘記我跟她生活的那些歲月。Thisisahallwherethemedicalconferencewillbeheld.=Thisisahallinwhichthemedicalconferencewillbeheld.這是禮堂，醫(yī)學(xué)會議將在此召開。.并非先行詞表示時間或地點時都分別用when或where來引導(dǎo)相應(yīng)的定語從句，若關(guān)系詞在修飾表示時間或地點的先行詞的定語從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語等而不是狀語時，需用which或that引導(dǎo)相應(yīng)的定語從句。例如：Doyoustillrememberthedayswhich/thatwespenttogetherinschool?你還記得我們一起在學(xué)校度過的那些日子嗎？先行詞thedays表時間，但是其定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中作賓語而不是狀語，因此不能用when而應(yīng)該用which或that。.that有時可以代替定語從句中的關(guān)系副詞when，where，why，且that?？梢允÷?。例如：Thisisthetime(when/that)hearrived.這是他到達的時間?？碱}訓(xùn)練。［考題1］Wearelivinginanage manythingsaredoneonputer.A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.when［解析］本題中下劃線處所引導(dǎo)的限定性定語從句修飾表示時間的先行詞age，其引導(dǎo)詞在該定語從句中充當(dāng)時間狀語，因此只能填入關(guān)系副詞when。［考題2］Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar*9鄄Bawayvillage.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where［解析］本題中下劃線處所引導(dǎo)的限定性定語從句修飾表示時間的先行詞hours，其引導(dǎo)詞在該定語從句中充當(dāng)時間狀語，因此只能填入關(guān)系副詞when。［考題3］Itwasanexcitingmomentforthesefootballfansthisyear, forthefirsttimeinyearstheirteamwontheWorldCup.（2000、XX春）A.thatB.whileC.whichD.when［解析］本題中下劃線處所引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句修飾表示時間的先行詞moment，其引導(dǎo)詞在該定語從句中充當(dāng)時間狀語，因此只能填入關(guān)系副詞when。［考題4］AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown hegrewupasachild.（1996）A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when［解析］本題中下劃線處所引導(dǎo)的限定性定語從句修飾表示地點的先行詞town，其引導(dǎo)詞在該定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c狀語，因此只能填入關(guān)系副詞where。［考題5］Wewillbeshownaroundthecity:schools,museums,andsomeotherplaces, othervisitorsseldomgo.（2002）A.whatB.whichC.whereD.when［解析］本題中下劃線處所引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句修飾表示地點的先行詞someotherplaces，其引導(dǎo)詞在該定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c狀語，因此只能填入關(guān)系副詞where。［考題6］Iwalkedinourgarden, TomandJimweretyingabigsignontooneofthetrees.（2005XX）A.whichB.whenC.whereD.that［解析］本題中下劃線處所引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾表示地點的先行詞garden并在該定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c狀語，因此只能填入關(guān)系副詞where。［考題7］We'rejusttryingtoreachapoint bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.（2006XX）A.whereB.thatC.whenD.which［解析］point可以理解成地點、位置，其后面的定語從句中缺少地點狀語，因此下劃線處只能填入引導(dǎo)詞where［答案］DCDBCCA定語從句專項練習(xí)。1、Theknifeweusedtocutthebreadisverysharp.A．which B．with C．withit D．withwhich

2、Thebraveman,thetigerwasshot,isagoodhunter.A．ofwhom B．bythatC．bywhomD．bywhich3、Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall,hecouldseewhatitwasgoingoninsidethehouse.A．onwhich B．a(chǎn)twhich C．throughwhichD．inwhich4、ThebeautifuldressMissJoneswenttotheballwasborrowedfromafriendofhers.A．inwhich B．wornby C．throughwhichD．onwhich5、Duringthedays,heworkedasaservantattheBrowns'.A．thatfollowed B．tofollowC．following D．followed6、Youmaytakeanythinguseful.A．whichyouwantB．youwantthemC．whatyouwantD．youwant7、Myhometownisnolongerthesameitusedtobe.A．like B．that C．a(chǎn)s D．which8、Theoldwomanhastwosons,oneisateacher.A．ofwho B．ofwhom C．ofwhich D．ofthem9、Youcantakeanyseatisfree.A．inwhich B．that C．where D．which10、Isthereanythingtoyou?A．thatbelong B．whichbelongsC．thatbelongs D．thatisbelonged11、Wehopetogetsuchatoolheisusing.A．where B．that C．a(chǎn)s D．whichhehadtobeginhisstudyforthenext12、Finallycamethedayterm.hehadtobeginhisstudyforthenextA．till B．thatC．since D．whichA．till B．thatC．since D．which13、Shehasn'tgotenoughmoneyshebuystherings.A．forwhichB．withwhichC．that D．which14、I'vereadallthebookswereborrowedfromthelibrary.A．they B．which C．/ D．that15、ThisisthebesthotelinthecityIknow.A．it B．where C．that D．which16、Isoxygentheonlygashelpsfireburn?

A．it B．which C．/ D．that17、TheSecondWorldWarmillionsofpeoplewerekilledendedin1945.A．onwhich B．where C．inthat D．duringwhich18、ThetrainshewastravelingwaslateA．onthat B．forwhichC．onwhich D．which19、Winteristhetimeofyearthedaysareshortandnightsarelong.A．onwhichB．that C．when D．where20、I'llshowyouastoreyoumaybuyallyouneed.A．that,that B．which,that C．where,which D．inwhich,/21、Istillrememberthedayshefirstworethatpinkdress.A．onwhich B．onthat C．inwhich D．which22、Doyouknowthereasonshegotsoangryyesterday?A．why B．which C．forthat D．forwhy23、IssomeGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek?A．thisschoolwhereB．thisschooloneC．thistheschool D．thisschool24、Isthereanyoneinyourclassfamilyisinthecity.A．whose B．which C．who's D．who25、CanyoulendmethebookA．whichyoutalkedC．a(chǎn)boutthatyoutalked2625、CanyoulendmethebookA．whichyoutalkedC．a(chǎn)boutthatyoutalked26、ThisisoneofthebestfilmsA．whichhasbeenshownC．thathaveshown27、Doyouknowtheman?A．thatIspokeC．towhoIspokeB．thatyoutalkedD．youtalkedaboutthisyear.B．thathavebeenshownD．havebeenshownB．IspoketoD．whomIspoke28、Therearetwothousandstudentsinourschool,aregirls.A．two-thirdsinwhich B．two-thirdsinthemC．two-thirdsofthemD．ofwhomtwothirdsC．two-thirdsofthemD．ofwhomtwothirds29、Ihaveboughttwoball-pens,writeswell.A．neitherofthemC．neitherofwhichA．neitherofthemC．neitherofwhichB．noneofthemD．noneofwhich30、Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskies.A．byit B．throughwhich C．withthat D．inwhich31、Doyouknowthereasonhewaslate?A．forwhichB．forwhat C．which D．that32、 hasbeensaidabove,grammarisasetofdeadrules.A．As B．That C．WhatD．Which33、Johngotbeateninthegame,hadbeenexpected.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zA．who B．what C．that D．a(chǎn)s34、They'reinventedmetotheirparty,iskindofthem.A．this B．that C．which D．a(chǎn)s35、Crusoe'sdogbecameillanddied,madehimverylonely.A．this B．that C．which D．a(chǎn)s36、Thereisn'tsomuchnoiseinthecountryinbigcities.A．a(chǎn)sB．whereC．whichD．that37、Ioftenthoughtofmychildhood,Ilivedonafarm.A．who B．when C．where D．which38、Nextmonth,you'llbeinyourhometown,ising.A．where B．when C．that D．which39、Thenextthingmustbedoneistomakeaplan.A．which B．that C．when D．/40、Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooksinterestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A．that B．when C．who D．which丨丨、Fillintheblanks:1、 Thisistheprofessortaughtmechemistryin1980.2、 Thehospitalwasbuiltfiveyearsagohasbeenmodernized.3、 Thisistheboyfatherdiedthreeyearsago.4、 Thefilmwesawthedaybeforeyesterdayisveryinteresting.5、 Doyouknowthestudentwaspraisedatthemeeting?6、 1949istheyearthePeople'sRepublicofChinawasfounded.7、 Theyworkinafactorymakesradioparts.8、Theyworkinafactoryradiopartsaremade.9、Thisisthevisionphonethroughwecanseeandtalktoourfriends.10、HereareplayersfromJapan,someofareouroldfriends.11、Shelivesinasmallvillage,isonlythreemilesfromhere.12、SheisgoingtospendthesummerholidaysinShanghai,shehassomefriends.13、We'llputoffthemeetingtillnextweek,wewon'tbesobusy.14、Thesungivestheearthlightandheat,isveryimportanttothelivingthings.15、Thosewanttogototheputerroomwriteyournameshere.16、Hewasoftenlate,madehisteacherveryangry.17、Whoisthepersonisstandingatthegate?18、Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolshehadvisited.Ill、Correctthemistakesinthefollowingsentencesifthereareany:1、 Hetoldusaboutthecountrieswherehehadvisited.2、 Egyptisacountrywhereisfamousforitspyramids.3、 Chinaisthecountrywherehespentthebestpartofhislife.4、 Thedayswhenwespenttogethercannotbeeasilyforgotten.5、 Thehousestandsattheplacethatthetworoadsmeet