獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu),分詞課件

獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)與分詞現(xiàn)在分詞:V-ing過(guò)去分詞:V-ed考察重點(diǎn)分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成：

名詞(代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞；

名詞(代詞)+形容詞；

名詞(代詞)+副詞；

名詞(代詞)+不定式；

名詞(代詞)

+介詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。

The

test

finished,

we

began

our

holiday.

=

when

the

test

was

finished,

we

began

our

holiday.

考試結(jié)束了，我們開(kāi)始放假。

The

president

assassinated,

the

whole

country

was

in

deep

sorrow.

=

after

the

president

was

assassinated,

the

whole

country

was

in

deep

sorrow.

總統(tǒng)被謀殺了，舉國(guó)上下沉浸在悲哀之中。

Weather

permitting,

we

are

going

to

visit

you

tomorrow.

如果天氣允許，我們明天去看你。He

came

into

the

room,

his

ears

red

with

cold.

他回到了房子里，耳朵凍壞了。He

came

out

of

the

library,

a

large

book

under

his

arm.他夾著本厚書，走出了圖書館

with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作獨(dú)立主格

表伴隨時(shí)，既可用分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，也可用with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。

with

+名詞(代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語(yǔ)

舉例:He

stood

there,

his

hand

raised.

=

He

stood

there,

with

his

hand

raise.

獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)的句法作用

在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)一般應(yīng)與句子的主語(yǔ)一致。如果不一致的話，分詞前面可以帶有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)(名詞或代詞)，構(gòu)成分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)(或稱為帶邏輯主語(yǔ)的分詞結(jié)構(gòu))。分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)可表示伴隨情況、陪襯動(dòng)作、附加說(shuō)明以及表示時(shí)間、原因、條件等。表示原因Theybeingblindmen,howcouldtheyseetheelephants?(=Astheywereblindmen...)Circumstanceschanged,itisnecessaryforyoutomakeanewplan.

獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中的being或havebeen可省略.E.g.Thechildrenwerewatchingacrobaticshow,theireyeswideopen.由with引導(dǎo)的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu):Wecouldhardlyworkwithhimfussingusallthetime.Thesaleusuallytakesplaceoutsidethehouse,withtheaudience____onbenches,chairsorboxes.(CET42000,1)A)havingseatedB)seatingC)seatedD)havingbeenseated本題考察的是with引導(dǎo)的分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，seat一般用被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意思，所以用過(guò)去分詞，答案為C。seat可以用于如下句中：Hecameinandwasseatedinthechair.Pleasecomeinandbeseated.分詞邏輯主語(yǔ)改錯(cuò):

Returningtomydorm,mywatchwasmissing.Returningtomydorm,Ifoundmywatchmissing.

改錯(cuò)：Weatherpermitted,we’llstarttomorrow.Weatherpermitting,we’llstarttomorrow.Unlikecommercialmotionpictures,educationalfilmsarenotfinancedbypayingadmissions.paying-----paidThedentistsaidthatifmytoothwentworseIshouldhavetohaveitpullout.pull----pulledComparingwiththecorrespondingperiodoflastyear,theoutputofchemicalfibersinthefirstquarterroseby15%.Comparing------Compared翻譯練習(xí):我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)以驚人的速度發(fā)展。Oureconomyisdevelopingatanastonishingspeed.聽(tīng)了天氣預(yù)報(bào)，船沒(méi)有出港。Havingheardtheweathe