（4）科教科普類-新高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)完形填空（15空）通關(guān)練

（4）科教科普類—新高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)完形填空（15空）通關(guān)練一、閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。What'sthefirstthingthatcomestomindwhenyouthinkoftheword“culture”?Doyouthinkofdifferentgroupsofpeopleacrosstheworldwithvarious

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andclothing?Whataboutanimals?SamWilliams,executivedirectoroftheMacaw(金剛鸚鵡)RecoveryNetworkinCostaRica,helpsto

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theimpactofthedeclineofmacawpopulationsbytakingbirdsthatwereborn

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andreleasingthemintothewild.Butthisprocessisvery

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."Inacage,youcan't

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themtoknowwhere,whenandhowtofindthatfood,orabouttreeswithgoodnestsites,"WilliamstoldecologistandwriterCarlSafinafortheGuardian.Inthewild,theparentswouldbetheonestoteachthemthisimportant

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.Thistypeofknowledgeisknownasculturalknowledge.Culturalknowledgecanbe

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fromtheoldergenerationtothenewerone.Formanyspecies,culturalknowledgeisnecessaryfor

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.Culturehelpsanimalsto

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differenthabitats.Forexample,somecrows(烏鴉)havelearnedtoputnutsinthemiddleoftheroadforcarstodriveover.Andinotherareas,theyhavelearnedtodothisatintersectionssotheycan

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getthefoodwhenthecarsstopatredlights.Otherimportantpartsofculturalknowledgeincludethingslikegroupidentity,usingdifferenttools,takingdifferent

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routesandusingdifferentsocializingmethods.Thesetraditionscanespeciallybeseeninchimpanzeecommunities.CatHobaiter,whostudieschimpanzeesinUganda,said:"It'snotjustthe

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ofpopulationsofchimpsthatworriesme.Ifind

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thepossibilityoflosingeachpopulation'suniqueculture.That'spermanent.”Cultureisn'tjustfor

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.Cultureisalsoanimportantpartoflifeinthewildfromusingtoolsto

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.1.A.communities

B.zones

C.traditions

D.divisions

2.A.squeeze

B.reduce

C.wrestle

D.delete

3.A.encaged

B.enlarged

C.encouraged

D.ensured

4.A.tentative

B.slow

C.lame

D.abrupt

5.A.elect

B.swap

C.assess

D.train

6.A.brochure

B.seminar

C.framework

D.information

7.A.passeddown

B.takenup

C.followedup

D.puttogether

8.A.management

B.survival

C.currency

D.cooperation

9.A.caterto

B.pushfor

C.adaptto

D.divein

10.A.safely

B.desperately

C.surprisingly

D.hopefully

11.A.irrigation

B.migration

C.suspension

D.collision

12.A.loss

B.dilemma

C.adjustment

D.prevention

13.A.enterprising

B.flexible

C.artificial

D.terrifying

14.A.animals

B.plants

C.humans

D.nails

15.A.refreshing

B.weeping

C.negotiating

D.socializing二、

Artistshavelongclaimedalcoholandotherdrugsasinspirationfortheircreativity.Butistherereallya(n)

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betweenintoxication(醉酒)andinspiration?ArecentstudypublishedinConsciousnessandCognitionexploredtheeffectsofmoderatedrunkennessonpeople'screativity.Theauthorssuggestthatalcohol'swell-knowneffectin

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executivefunctionmaybehelpfulforthesetypesofcreationproblems."Sometimesareducedabilityto

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one'sattentioncanhavepositiveimplicationsforselectcognitivetasks,"theywrite.

Thefindingsraisethequestionofwhetherdrugsthat

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attentionandfocus,inparticular,stimulants(興奮劑),wouldhavetheoppositeeffectoncreativethinking.

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,verylittleresearchhasbeendoneontheissue,andwhatresultsexistsofarhavebeenmixed.Theoutcomesmaywellvaryaccordingtoindividual

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tothedrugs.

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someresearchhasfoundthatwhilestimulantscan

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testperformanceforthosewhoarelessintelligent,forthesmartestfolks,thedrugscanhavetheoppositeeffect.

Iflessexecutivefunctionislinkedtomorecreativity,thismayalsoexplainwhyartists,writersandmusiciansappeartobemore

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tohaveanaddiction.Perhapscreativepeoplearemorelikelythanotherstobe

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todrugsinthefirstplace,asapossiblesourceofinspiration.Andthen,ifreducedexecutivefunctionis

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inpartfortheirinitialtalent,this,too,couldmakethemmoreeasilyinfluencedby

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oncetheystartusing.Havinglessexecutivecontrolbeforeyoueventakedrugsmeansyou'llhavelessabilitytostoponceyoustart.

Whatevertherealrelationshipbetweendrunkenness,addictionandart,theauthors

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thattheirstudyfindingsdon'tgivepeople

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togetdrunkto"inspirethemuse(冥想)"Co-authorJenniferWiley,associateprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofIllinoisatChicago,toldtheBritishPsychologicalSociety'sResearchDigest."Wetestedwhathappenswhenpeopleareslightlydrunk-notwhenpeopledrankto

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.Therecouldbenoargumentfromthesefindingsthatdrinkingexcessivelywouldhavethesameeffects."

Aglassofwineortwo,however,mayoccasionallyhelp.1.A.attraction

B.reservation

C.connection

D.decoration

2.A.strengthening

B.damaging

C.maintaining

D.assessing

3.A.block

B.reduce

C.disturb

D.control

4.A.remain

B.drop

C.shift

D.increase

5.A.However

B.Moreover

C.Instead

D.Therefore

6.A.additions

B.responses

C.oppositions

D.contrasts

7.A.Forexample

B.Onthecontrary

C.Asaresult

D.Ontheotherhand

8.A.conceal

B.execute

C.improve

D.delete

9.A.vital

B.likely

C.ideal

D.difficult

10.A.attracted

B.contributed

C.responded

D.withdrawn

11.A.responsible

B.illegal

C.natural

D.impossible

12.A.confusion

B.ambition

C.addiction

D.exhaustion

13.A.lower

B.monitor

C.function

D.caution

14.A.sacrifice

B.privacy

C.appreciation

D.license

15.A.priorities

B.extremes

C.bottom

D.affection三、Whichcomesfirst,happinessormoney?Arericherpeoplehappier?And

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,howdopeoplegetricher?Arecentstudycouldtellyoutheanswer.Thestudy

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thousandsofteenagersandfoundthatthosewhofeltbetteraboutlifeasyoungadults

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tohavehigherincomes(收入)bythetimethey

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29.Thosewhowerehappiestearnedanaverageof$8,000morethanthosewhowerethemost

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.Theresearchers(研究者),fromUniversityCollegeLondonandtheUniversityofWarwick,saythatvery

depressed(沮喪的)teens,nomatterhowtallorsmarttheywere,earned10%lessthantheirpeers(同齡人),

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thehappieronesearned

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30%more.Happierteenagershaveaneasiertime

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school,collegeandthejobinterview,

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becausetheyalwaysfeelbetteraboutlife.Itmayalsobetruethathappierpeoplefinditeasiertomakefriends,whoareoftenthekeytohomeworkhelpornetworking.AreportinJunesuggestedthatprofessional(職業(yè)的)respect(尊重)wasmoreimportantthan

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intermsofworkplacehappiness.InAugustscientistsannounced(宣布)thattheyhadfoundthe

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forhappinessinwomen.Alas!Thesamegene(基因)doesn’tappeartohave

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effectonmen.AndinOctoberresearchersintheUKandintheUSannouncedthatpeoplewhoeatsevenportions(份)offruitandvegetablesadayreportbeingthehappiest.Ifitisreallytruethathappierkids

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beingwealthier(更富有)kids,isitnecessaryforparentstogettheirkidstodothehomework?Thefactisthatnohomeworkwillmakekidshappybutsurelyhurttheirgrades(分?jǐn)?shù)).Studiesdoshow,

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,thatmoreeducation

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better-paidjobs,whichmaygiveusadeepthought.1.A.ifnot

B.ifso

C.ifany

D.ifever

2.A.lookedaround

B.lookedinto

C.lookedout

D.lookedthrough

3.A.apologised

B.acquired

C.attended

D.tended

4.A.turned

B.grew

C.went

D.got

5.A.powerful

B.confident

C.delighted

D.depressed

6.A.while

B.when

C.as

D.though

7.A.rightnow

B.upto

C.rightaway

D.downto

8.A.gettingoff

B.gettingthrough

C.gettingout

D.gettingon

9.A.simply

B.just

C.chiefly

D.only

10.A.jobs

B.dollars

C.friends

D.parents

11.A.gene

B.brand

C.character

D.nature

12.A.thebest

B.thedifferent

C.thesame

D.themost

13.A.comeup

B.endup

C.takeup

D.turnup

14.A.firstofall

B.forall

C.atall

D.afterall

15.A.existsin

B.contributesto

C.resultsfrom

D.relieson四、

Thescientist

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severalmonkeysinordertostudyanimalpsychology.Hetookaglassbottle,

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itscork(瓶塞)andputtwopeanutsinsideit.Thepeanutsdroppedtothebottomandwereeasilyseenfromtheoutside.Hethenpassedthebottletoamonkey,whoshookit

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foralongwhileandwasabletogetthepeanutswhenthey

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fellout.Thescientistthenputsomepeanutsintothebottleagain

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hehaddonebeforeandshowedthemonkeythatitonlyneededtoturnthebottleupsidedownforthepeanutstodropout.

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themonkeyalwaysignoredhis

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.Eachtimeitjustshookthebottlefrantically(瘋狂地),withgreat

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butwithoutnecessarilyachievingthe

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result.

Nowthequestioniswhythemonkeywasunabletounderstand

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thescientistinstructs.

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becauseallitsattentionswasfocusedonthepeanuts.Instead,itmusttakeitseyesoffthepeanutsandquickly

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itsattentiontothe

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movementofthescientistandthewaythebottlewasturnedupsidedown.Toachievethis,ithadtocalmdownandnotbe

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bytheimpulse(沖動)ofitsappetite.Yetthemonkeywasnotabletounderstandthis.Itistheinstancelikethisthatrevealsthemonkey'ssomepsychologyisjustlike

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ofhumanbeings.1.A.kept

B.replaced

C.fed

D.caught

2.A.moved

B.removed

C.discovered

D.covered

3.A.happily

B.anxiously

C.hurriedly

D.instantly

4.A.suddenly

B.accidentally

C.occasionally

D.immediately

5.A.as

B.when

C.what

D.until

6.A.But

B.When

C.Therefore

D.However

7.A.directions

B.explanations

C.designs

D.instructions

8.A.effort

B.strength

C.power

D.force

9.A.deserted

B.interesting

C.energetic

D.desired

10.A.what

B.how

C.why

D.which

11.A.Probably

B.Hardly

C.Simply

D.Neatly

12.A.put

B.prevent

C.pay

D.shift

13.A.gesture

B.mouth

C.hand

D.eye

14.A.takenaway

B.takenoff

C.takenover

D.takenon

15.A.that

B.the

C.those

D.this五、

Doyouwanttokeepyourmindhealthyandsharpthroughoutyourlife?

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aninstrument.Anewstudyfoundthatmusiciansmighthavebrainsthat

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betterthantheirpeerswellintooldage.

Researchers

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thementalabilitiesofseniorcitizensanddiscoveredthatmusiciansperformedbetteratanumberofskills.In

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,theyexcelledatvisual(視覺的)memorytasks.Whilemusicianshad

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verbal(言語的)capabilitiestonon-musicians,theirabilitytomemorizenewwordswasbetter.Perhapsmostimportantly,themusicians'IQ

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werehigheroverallthanthosewhospenttheirliveslisteningtomusic

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performingit.

Theexperienceofmusiciansalsoplayedaroleinhow

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theirmindswere.Theyoungerthemusiciansbegantoplaytheirinstruments,thebettertheirmindsperformedatthementaltasks.

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,thetotalnumberofyearsmusiciansplayedinstrumentsthroughouttheirlifecorrespondedwith(符合)howstrongtheirbrains

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yearslater.

Thestudyof70olderparticipants,withdifferentmusicalexperienceovertheirlifetimes,providesa

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betweenmusicalactivityandmentalbalanceinoldage."Theresultsofthisstudyrevealedthat

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withatleast10yearsofmusicalexperiencehadbetterperformanceinnonverbalmemory,naming,andexecutiveprocessesinadvancedage(高齡)

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non-musicians."Thestudyalsofoundthatmusicianswhotookthetimeto

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intheirsparetimehadevenhigher-functioningbraincapabilities.Thisfindingsupportsanotherrecentstudythatreportedpeoplewhowalkregularlymaintainhealthierbrains.Withthatinmind,perhapsjoiningamarchingbandnowwillmakeyouthesmartestpersonatthe

?

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homeinthefuture.1.AJudgefrom B.Bringabout C.Pickup D.Agreeon2.A.fight B.function C.grow D.hold3.A.surveyed B.detected C.inspected D.tested4.A.short B.theory C.person D.particular5.A.similar B.true C.limited D.common6.A.points B.degrees C.scores D.grades7.A.otherthan B.betterthan C.lessthan D.ratherthan8.A.sharp B.smart C.wide D.deep9.A.So B.Additionally C.However D.Inclusively10.A.felt B.rose C.remained D.arrived11.A.connection B.chance C.stage D.conclusion12.A.applicants B.interviewers C.researchers D.participants13.A.devotedto B.relativeto C.inferiorto D.opposedto14.A.perform B.exercise C.communicate D.rest15.A.entertainment B.advertisement C.retirement D.development六、閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Askpeopletonametheworld'stallestpeakandanybodywithsoundgeneralknowledgewillnameMountQomolangma.Butquizthemonitsexact

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andmanywillbenotsure.In1975,Chinesesurveyors

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thatMountQomolangma(MountEverest)was8848.13metershigh.As

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improved,satellites,photoelectricity,radarsandgravitymeasurementtechnologieswere

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togetmoreexactfigures.Ofcourse,someonestillhadtocarry

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towhatistheworld'srooftop.In2005,aChineseteamscaledQomolangmaandfoundthatitwasnotashighasthat,asthey

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theheighttobe8844.43meters.ScalingQomolangmaisno

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task.Theaverageairtemperaturethereis-29degreesCelsius,evenfourdegrees

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thaninAntarctica.Thesnowthereis4—5metersthickandhurricane-like

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blowallthetime.Teammembersweretrainingto

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theextremeconditions.Inanutshell,measuringtheQomolangma'sheightisatallorder,

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hugeamountsofmoneyandhumanresources,Butitisworththe

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.Qomolangmaistheperfect

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forobservingcrustal(地殼的)movements.Andchangestothepeak'sheightcould

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whetherthetwoplatesareheadingtowardorawayfromeachother.Besides,theconditionofsnowandothernaturalmaterialsatthetopisanindicatorofupcomingclimatechangeontheTibet-QinghaiPlateau.That's

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measuringtheQomolangma'sheightissosignificant.Puttogooduse,itcanbenefitmankind.1.A.location

B.appearance

C.area

D.height

2.A.determined

B.assumed

C.estimated

D.admitted

3.A.condition

B.technology

C.society

D.economy

4.A.employed

B.expected

C.approached

D.inspired

5.A.weapons

B.vehicles

C.instruments

D.packages

6.A.changed

B.calculated

C.extended

D.expanded

7.A.glorious

B.easy

C.admirable

D.tough

8.A.colder

B.hotter

C.higher

D.lower

9.A.snows

B.rains

C.winds

D.snowflakes

10.A.copewith

B.fightfor

C.takeon

D.carryout11.A.wasting

B.spending

C.overcoming

D.involving

12.A.effort

B.loss

C.harvest

D.achievement

13.A.channel

B.window

C.solution

D.entrance

14.A.measure

B.foresee

C.indicate

D.expose

15.A.where

B.how

C.why

D.whether

答案以及解析一、答案：1.C;2.B;3.A;4.B;5.D;6.D;7.A;8.B;9.C;10.A;11.B;12.A;13.D;14.C;15.D

解析：1.考查名詞及語境理解。A.communities社區(qū)；B.zones空間；C.traditions傳統(tǒng)；D.divisions分支。句意：你認(rèn)為世界上不同的民族有不同的傳統(tǒng)和服裝嗎？根據(jù)前文What'sthefirstthingthatcomestomindwhenyouthinkoftheword"culture"講到文化可知，此處是講不同的傳統(tǒng)和服裝。故選C。2.考查動詞及語境理解。A.squeeze擠壓；B.reduce減少；C.wrestle纏繞；D.delete刪除。句意：SamWilliams是哥斯達(dá)黎加金剛鸚鵡恢復(fù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的執(zhí)行主任，他幫助減少金剛鸚鵡數(shù)量減少的影響，方法是將出生在籠子里的鳥放回野外。根據(jù)下bytakingbirdsthatwereborn3andreleasingthemintothewild."可知，他幫助減少金剛鸚鵡數(shù)量減少的影響。故選B。3.考查動詞及語境理解。A.encaged關(guān)進(jìn)籠子；B.enlarged擴(kuò)大；C.encouraged鼓勵；D.ensured保證。句意：SamWilliams是哥斯達(dá)黎加金剛鸚鵡恢復(fù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的執(zhí)行主任，他幫助減少金剛鸚鵡數(shù)量減少的影響，方法是將出生在籠子里的鳥放回野外。根據(jù)下一段的第一句話inacage,youcant.可知，他是把出生在籠子里的鳥兒放回自然，所以此處選擇encaged。故選A。4.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.tentative實(shí)驗(yàn)性的；B.slow緩慢的；C.lame瘸的；D.abrupt突然的。句意：但這個過程非常緩慢。根據(jù)下文Inthewild,theparentswouldbetheonestoteachthemthisimportant6可知，因?yàn)槿狈τH生父母的教導(dǎo)，這個過程非常的困難、非常艱辛，所以此處選擇slow。故選B。5.考查動詞及語境理解。A.elect選舉；B.swap交換；C.assess評價；D.train訓(xùn)練。句意：在籠子里，你無法訓(xùn)練它們知道在哪里、何時以及如何找到食物，也無法訓(xùn)練它們找到有好的筑巢地點(diǎn)的樹。根據(jù)空后的"knowwhere,whenandhowtofindthatfood,orabouttreeswithgoodnestsites"可知，將出生在籠子里的鳥放回野外需要訓(xùn)練。故選D。6.考查名詞及語境理解。A.brochure手冊；B.seminar討論會；C.framework框架；D.information信息。句意：在野外，父母會教給孩子這些重要的信息。此處是指前文提到的"在哪里、何時以及如何找到食物"、"有好的筑巢地點(diǎn)的樹"，這些都是信息。故選D。7.考查動詞短語及語境理解。A.passeddown傳遞；B.takenup占據(jù)；C.followedup跟隨；D.puttogether組裝。句意：文化知識可以從老一輩傳給下一代。根據(jù)空后的"fromtheoldergenerationtothenewerone"可知，此處是講文化知識可以從老一輩傳給下一代。故選A。8.考查名詞及語境理解。A.management管理；B.survivals生存；C.currency貨幣；D.cooperation合作。句意：對于許多物種來說，文化知識是生存所必需的。從上文的食物和筑巢中不難推測出，這些知識至關(guān)重要以至于沒有了它們甚至無法存活的。故選B。9.考查動詞短語及語境理解。A.caterto迎合；B.pushfor奮力爭?。籆.adaptto適應(yīng)；D.divein潛入。句意：文化幫助動物適應(yīng)不同的棲息地。根據(jù)后文講烏鴉在不同的地區(qū)做出相應(yīng)的行為來適應(yīng)環(huán)境可知，此處是講文化幫助動物適應(yīng)不同的棲息地。故選C。10.考查副詞及語境理解。A.safely安全地；B.desperately不顧一切地；C.surprisingly驚訝地；D.hopefully有希望地。句意：在其他地區(qū)，他們已經(jīng)學(xué)會在十字路口這樣做，這樣當(dāng)汽車紅燈時，他們可以安全地拿到食物。根據(jù)前文提到烏鴉把堅(jiān)果放在路中間是為了讓車停下可知，這樣就能安全地獲得食物。故選A。11.考查名詞及語境理解。A.irrigation灌溉；B.migration遷徙；C.suspension暫停；D.collision碰撞。句意：文化知識的其他重要部分包括群體認(rèn)同、使用不同的工具、采取不同的遷移路線和使用不同的社交方法。這里講的動物們的習(xí)慣，并且后面有routes，顯然會想到遷移路線migrationroutes。故選B。12.考查名詞及語境理解。A.Ioss損失；B.dilemma窘境；C.adjustment調(diào)整；D.prevention阻止。句意：讓我擔(dān)心的不僅僅是黑猩猩數(shù)量的減少。下一句話中的losingeachpopulation'suniqueculture暗示了上一句話空格處是lossofpopulations。此處需要注意前后文的呼應(yīng)。故選A。13.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.enterprising有事業(yè)心的；B.flexible靈活的；C.artificial人造的；D.terrifying令人恐懼的。句意：我發(fā)現(xiàn)失去每個民族獨(dú)特的文化是可怕的。作者發(fā)現(xiàn)失去每個民族獨(dú)特的文化是可怕的。故選D。14.考查名詞及語境理解。A.animals動物；B.plants食物；C.humans，人類；D.nails釘子。句意：文化不僅僅是人類的?？崭窈笠痪湔f，文化也是野生動物的。所以空格前面與之對應(yīng)應(yīng)該選擇humans。故選C。15.考查動詞及語境理解。A.refreshing更新；B.weeping哭泣；C.negotiating協(xié)商；D.socializing社交。句意：從使用工具到社交，文化也是野外生活的重要組成部分。根據(jù)前文講烏鴉使用工具和動物的群體認(rèn)同（Otherimportantpartsofculturalknowledgeincludethingslikegroupidentity）可知，此處是講從使用工具到社交。故選D。二、答案：1-5.CBDDA;6-10.BACBA;11-15.ACDDB

解析：1.attraction吸引;reservation預(yù)約;connection聯(lián)系;decoration裝飾?？涨罢f長期以來,藝術(shù)家們一直聲稱酒精和其他藥物是激發(fā)他們創(chuàng)造力的靈感,因此此處是說醉酒和靈感之間真的有聯(lián)系嗎?故選C項(xiàng)。

2.strengthen加強(qiáng);damage損害;maintain保持;assess進(jìn)入。眾所周知,酒精會損害人們的執(zhí)行功能,故選B項(xiàng)。

3.block阻礙;reduce減少;disturb打擾;control控制。上文說酒精會損害人們的執(zhí)行功能,使人們控制注意力的能力下降,故選D項(xiàng)。

4.remain保持;drop下降;shift轉(zhuǎn)移;increase增加。根據(jù)常識可知,興奮劑屬于增加注意力和專注度的藥物,故選D項(xiàng)。

5.however;moreover此外;instead相反;therefore因此?？涨罢f這一發(fā)現(xiàn)引發(fā)了一個問題,空后又說對這個問題的研究很少,前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故選A項(xiàng)。

6.addition增加物;response反應(yīng);opposition反對;contrast對比。根據(jù)空后舉的例子可知,不同的人對藥物的反應(yīng)不同,故選B項(xiàng)。

7.forexample例如;onthecontrary反;asaresult結(jié)果;ontheotherhand另一方面?？涨罢f結(jié)果可能會因個體對藥物的反應(yīng)而有所不同,空后是對這句話的舉例說明,應(yīng)該用forexample引出所舉的例子,故選A項(xiàng)。

8.conceal隱瞞;execute提示;improve提高;delete刪除。根據(jù)空后"testperformanceforthosewhoarelessintelligent,forthesmartestfolks,thedrugscanhavetheoppositeeffect"可知,興奮劑可以提高不太聰明的人的測試成績,但對最聰明的人來說,它可能會產(chǎn)生相反的效果,故選C項(xiàng)。

9.vital重要的;likely可能的;ideal理想的;difficult困難的。本文主要討論的就是酒精和藥物與藝術(shù)家的創(chuàng)作靈感之間的關(guān)系,因此這解釋了為什么藝術(shù)家更可能對酒精和藥物上癮,belikelytodo表示“可能做”,故選B項(xiàng)。

10.attracted吸引;contribute捐獻(xiàn);respond回應(yīng);withdraw收回?？涨罢f如果更低的執(zhí)行功能與更多的創(chuàng)造力聯(lián)系在一起,這也可以解釋為什么藝術(shù)家、作家和音樂家似乎更可能上癮,因此此處是說有創(chuàng)造力的人更容易被藥物吸引,以其作為靈感的來源,故選A項(xiàng)。

11.responsible負(fù)有責(zé)任的;illegal不合法的;natural自然的;impossible不可能的。根據(jù)空后的"inpartfortheirinitialtalent,this,too,couldmakethemmoreeasilyinfluencedby

12

oncetheystartusing"可知此處是說“如果執(zhí)行功能的下降在一定程度上對他們最初的天賦負(fù)責(zé)”,故選A項(xiàng)。

12.confusion混亂;ambition抱負(fù);addiction上癮;exhaustion耗盡。上文說如果更低的執(zhí)行功能與更多的創(chuàng)造力聯(lián)系在一起,這也可以解釋為什么藝術(shù)家、作家和音樂家似乎更可能上癮,因此如果執(zhí)行功能的下降在一定程度上對他們最初的天賦負(fù)責(zé),那么一旦他們開始接觸酒精或藥物,這也會使他們更容易受到上癮的影響,故選G項(xiàng)。

13.lower降低;monitor監(jiān)控;function運(yùn)行;caution警告。根據(jù)空后的內(nèi)容可知,下文是研究報(bào)告的作者給人們的警告,故選D項(xiàng)。

14.sacrifice犧牲;privacy隱私;appreciation欣賞;license許可。根據(jù)空前的"Whatevertherealrelationshipbetweendrunkenness,addictionandart,theauthors

13

thattheirstudyfindingsdon'tgivepeople..."可知,研究報(bào)告的作者們提醒說,他們的研究結(jié)果并沒有給人們醉酒的許可(理由),故選D項(xiàng)。

15.priority優(yōu)先權(quán);extreme極端,極度;bottom底部;affection喜愛。根據(jù)下文的"drinkingexcessively"可知此處指“過度飲酒”,故選B項(xiàng)。三、答案：1.B;2.B;3.D;4.A;5.D;6.A;7.B;8.B;9.C;10.A;11.A;12.C;13.B;14.D;15.B

解析：1.考查固定搭配及語境理解。A.not如果不；B.ifso如果是這樣的話；C.ifany若有的話；D.ifever如果有過的話。根據(jù)前文Arericherpeoplehappier？可知，如果是這樣的話，人們怎樣才能變得更富有呢？故答案為B。2.考查動詞短語及語境理解。A.lookedaround到處尋找；B.lookedinto調(diào)查；C.lookedout當(dāng)心D.lookedthrough瀏覽。根據(jù)下文foundthatthosewhofeltbetteraboutlifeasyoungadults3tohavehigherincomes（收入）bythetimethey4可知，這是一項(xiàng)調(diào)查研究。故答案為B。3.考查動詞及語境理解。A.apologised道歉；B.acquired獲得；Cattended參加；D.tended傾向。根據(jù)下文tohavehigherincomes（收入）bythetime可知，到他們29歲時，對生活感到幸福的年輕人趨向于收入更高tendedto傾向（于）。故答案為D。4.考查動詞及語境理解。A.turned轉(zhuǎn)變，變成；B.grew成長；C.went去；D.go得到。根據(jù)下文29可知，到他們29歲時，對生活感到幸福的年輕人趨向于收入更高。表示到29歲時，用turn。故答案為A。5.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.powerful大的；B.confident自信的C.delighted高興的；D.depressed沮喪的。在下文內(nèi)容TheresearchersfromUniversityCollegeLondonandtheUniversityofWarwick,saythatverygloomy（沮喪的）teens,nomatterhowtallorsmarttheywereearned10%lessthantheirpeers，捕捉到關(guān)鍵詞gloomy，這里應(yīng)填gloomy的同義詞。故答案為D。6.考查連詞及語境理解。A.While然而；B.When當(dāng)時；C.as隨著D.though盡管。根據(jù)前文nomatterhowtallorsmarttheywereed10%lessthantheirpeers可知，然而，快樂的人掙得多達(dá)30%。前后為對比關(guān)系。故答案為A。7.考查動詞固定搭配及語境理解。A.rightnow馬上；B.upto達(dá)到；Crightaway立刻D.downto下至。根據(jù)下文30%more可知，然而，快樂的人掙得多達(dá)30%。故答案為B。8.考查動詞短語及語境理解。A.gettingoff車；B.gettingthrough度過；C.gettingout離開，出去；D.gettingon進(jìn)展。根據(jù)常識及前文Happierteenagershaveaneasiertime可知，快樂的青少年在學(xué)校、大學(xué)和工作面試中度過更輕松的時光。故答案為B。9.考查副詞及語境理解。A.simply簡單地；B.just僅僅；C.chiefly主要地；D.only只有。主要是因?yàn)樗麄儗ι罡械礁?。故答案為C。10.考查名詞及語境理解。A.job工作；B.dollars美元；C.friends朋友；D.parents父母。六月的份報(bào)告表明在職場幸福中，職業(yè)尊重比美元更重要。故答案為A。11.考查名詞及語境理解。A.gene基因；B.brand商標(biāo)；C.character性格；D.nature自然。在下文內(nèi)容Thesamegene（基因）doesn'tappeartohave12effectonmen中捕捉到關(guān)鍵詞gene。故答案為A。12.考查固定搭配及語境理解。A.thebest最好的；B.thedifferent不同的；C.thesame相同的；D.themost最多的。相同的基因在男士身上看起來沒有起到相同的作用。故答案為C。13.考查動詞短語及語境理解。A.comeup發(fā)生；B.endup結(jié)束；Ctakeup開始從事；D.turnup出現(xiàn)。如果真的幸福的孩子會以富有的孩子告終。故答案為B。14.考查固定搭配及語境理解。A.firstofall先；B.forall盡管；C.atall根本；D.afterall畢竟。畢竟，研究表明接受更多的教育有助于獲得更高收入的工作。故答案為D。15.考查動詞短語及語境理解。A.existsin存在于；B.contributesto有助于；C.resultsfrom由。引起；D.relieson依靠。根據(jù)下文whichmaygiveusadeepthough可知，畢竟，研究表明接受更多的教育有助于獲得更高收入的工作。故答案為B。四、答案：1-5ABBBA6-10ADADA11-15CDCCA解析：1.句意:科學(xué)家飼養(yǎng)(keep)了幾只猴子,目的是研究動物心理學(xué)。故選A。replace取代;feed喂養(yǎng);catch抓住。

2.句意:他拿著一個玻璃瓶,拔掉(remove)瓶塞,往瓶里放了兩?；ㄉ?。故選B。move移動;discover發(fā)現(xiàn);cover覆蓋。

3.他把瓶子遞給猴子,猴子焦急地(anxiously)晃動瓶子好一會兒。故選B。happily高興地;hurriedly匆忙地;instantly立即。

4.只有當(dāng)花生意外地(accidentally)掉出來時,猴子才能吃到花生。故選B。suddenly突然地;occasionally偶爾地;immediately立刻地。

5.科學(xué)家像之前一樣(as),再次往瓶子里放花生。as像......一樣,故選A。when當(dāng)......時候;what什么;until直到。

6.但是(But)猴子總是忽略科學(xué)家的指導(dǎo)。此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折,故選A。when當(dāng)......時候;therefore因此;however然而。

7.上句說科學(xué)家向猴子展示只需要把瓶子倒過來花生就可以掉出來。這是他給猴子的指導(dǎo)(instructions)。下文中的instructs也是提示,故選D。direction方向;explanation解釋;design設(shè)計(jì)。

8.每一次它都瘋狂地晃動瓶子,付出很大的努力(effort),故選A。strength力氣,長處;power力量,權(quán)力;force力量,武力。

9.但未必達(dá)到想要的(desired)結(jié)果,故選D。deserted被遺棄的;interesting有趣的;energetic精力充沛的。

10.句意:現(xiàn)在的問題是,為什么猴子不能夠明白科學(xué)家指導(dǎo)它做的是什么事情(what)呢?故選A。

11.句意:這僅僅(simply)是因?yàn)樗炎⒁饬Χ挤旁诹嘶ㄉ稀９蔬xC。probably可能;hardly幾乎不;neatly整潔地。

12.此處表示"迅速將注意力轉(zhuǎn)移到(shift)科學(xué)家的手部動作和瓶子倒過來的方式上"。故選D。put放置;prevent阻止;pay支付。

13.通過上文介紹可知科學(xué)家是用手(hand)向猴子演示把瓶子倒過來花生就會掉出來的過程的,故選C。gesture姿勢;mouth嘴;eye眼睛。

14.根據(jù)句意應(yīng)該是食欲占了上風(fēng)(takeover),故選C。takeaway拿走;takeoff脫掉,起飛;takeon呈現(xiàn),承擔(dān)。

15.句意:正是像這樣的例子揭示了猴子的心理與人類的心理相似。that替代上文出現(xiàn)過的名詞短語somepsychology,故選A。五、答案：1-5CBDDA6-10