高考閱讀理解之說明文（解析版）

【命題趨勢】重難點03閱讀理解之說明文最近五年，說明文的出現(xiàn)變化不大，一直很穩(wěn)定，選材通常是各學(xué)科的前沿問題；高科技領(lǐng)域的科研成果：人們比較關(guān)心的社會問題；人文方面的經(jīng)典。由于閱讀理解題的設(shè)置采用漸進式，即由簡到難的方式，因此說明文是高考試卷中閱讀理解題中相對比較難的，通常后置。閱讀理解試題的中要考點之一是考查學(xué)生對詞匯和句式的掌握。說明文的詞匯和句式的運用較別的體裁的文章難度更大。詞匯運用靈活，同一詞的不同詞性的用法交替出現(xiàn)，未列入考綱的生詞較多，通常達到了4-5%。不過考生可以通過說明文的語言特點來幫助理解語篇，例如，下定義、解釋、舉例、同義詞、反義詞、上下義詞以及標點符號（如破折號、冒號都有表示解釋和說明）等。【滿分技巧】高考閱讀理解中，說明文為主要體裁之一。高考閱讀理解題的設(shè)問主要圍繞以下四方面：細節(jié)事實題、主旨大意題、推理判斷題、猜測詞義題。其中，說明文主要以細節(jié)事實、主旨大意和猜測詞義三方面問題為主。一、詞義猜測類題型閱讀理解題中常要求學(xué)生猜測某些單詞或短語的意思。歷年英語高考題中均有此類題目，有的文章盡管沒有專門設(shè)題，但由于文章中常常出現(xiàn)生詞，因此，詞義的猜測還是貫穿在文章的閱讀理解之中。解這類題目一般是通過上下文去理解或根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法去猜測。判斷一個單詞的意思不但離不開句子，而且還需要把句子放在上下文中，根據(jù)上下文提供的線索加以猜測。運用構(gòu)詞法，語境等推測關(guān)鍵詞義，可以根據(jù)以下幾種方法猜測：（一）內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系根據(jù)內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系推測詞義是指運用語言知識分析和判斷相關(guān)信息之間存在的邏輯關(guān)系，然后根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系推斷生詞詞義。.通過同義詞和反義詞的關(guān)系猜詞.根據(jù)因果關(guān)系猜測詞義.通過定義或釋義關(guān)系來推測詞義.通過句法功能來推測詞義.通過描述猜詞（二）外部相關(guān)因素外部相關(guān)因素是指篇章（句子或段落）以外的其他知識，有時僅靠分析篇章內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系無法猜出詞義。這時，就需要運用生活經(jīng)驗和普通常識確定詞義。例如：Thesnakeslitheredthroughthegrass.根據(jù)有關(guān)蛇的生活習(xí)性的知識，我們可以推斷出slither詞義為"爬行"。（三）構(gòu)詞法在閱讀文章時，我們總會遇上一些新詞匯，有時很難根據(jù)上下文來推斷其詞意，而它們對文章的理解又有著舉足輕重的作用，此時，如掌握了一些常用的詞根，前綴，后綴，合成等構(gòu)詞法知識，這些問題便不難解決了。.根據(jù)前綴猜測詞義.根據(jù)后綴猜測詞義.根據(jù)復(fù)合詞的各部分猜測詞義二、主旨大意類題型主旨大意類題型主要測試學(xué)生對文章全面理解和概括的能力，提問的內(nèi)容可能是全文的大意，也可能是某段的段落大意，一般不易在文中直接找到答案。怎樣把握主旨大意題呢？通常有以下幾種方法：（-）閱讀文章的標題或副標題文章的標題是一篇文章的題眼，通過閱讀標題或副標題可以迅速把握文章的主旨大意。（二）尋找文章的主題句分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，找出文章主題。在許多情況下，尤其在閱讀說明文和議論文時，根據(jù)其篇章特點我們可以通過仔細閱讀短文的第一句或第二句，即文章的主題句來歸納出文章的主題.若短文由若干段組成，除仔細閱讀第一段的首句外，還須仔細閱讀每一段的第一句，即段落中心。通常文章的中心思想包含在文章的首句，有時也在文章的末句，其他句子都是用來說明和闡述主題句。因此，在確定文章的中心思想時，要求學(xué)生重視閱讀文章的首句和末句。但也有一些文章，中心思想常常貫穿在全文中，因此要求學(xué)生綜觀全文，對段落的內(nèi)容要融會貫通，對文章透徹理解后歸納總結(jié)。主題句的特點是：1.相對于其他句子，它表達的意思比較概括；2.主題句一般結(jié)構(gòu)簡單；3.段落中其他句子必定是用來解釋，支撐或發(fā)展主題句所表達的思想的?！緹狳c話題】說明文熱衷話題有：科普類，環(huán)保類?！鞠迺r檢測】（建議用時：30分鐘）A（合肥六中2020屆高三沖刺最后一卷）話題：文章主要說明了新加坡和越南的工程師們決定把所有的垃圾變成難度：★★建議用時：6分

有用的東西。Whenlifegivesyoupineapples-andhundredsofmillionsoftonsofpineapplewaste-whatdoyoudo?EngineersinSingaporeandVietnamdecidedtoturnallthewasteintosomethinguseful—theheatbarrierfortheirpineapplejuice.Notonlydoestheirnewmaterialkeepdrinkscoolbetterthanmanycommercialcoolers,butitcouldalsoofferafinalrestingplacefortheworld'spineapplewaste.Tofindauseforthoseleftovers,theresearchersmixedpineapplefibers,whichtheycutupinanelectricdevice,withastickyagentasasolvent.Theythentreatedthemixwithsoundwavesatfrequenciesgreaterthan20kHzandheateditinanovenat80℃for2hours.Thesuspensionthatformedwasthencooledbeforebeingfreeze-dried.Theresultwasapaleyellowaerogel（氣凝膠）thatislightweight,flexible,andmorethan96%porous（多孔的）一qualitiesthatmakeitanidealmaterialagainstbothheatandsound.Whentheresearcherswrappedasheetofthepineappleaerogelaroundamilitary-stylecanteenbottle,theyfoundthattheaerogelcouldprovidethreetimestheheatexchangereductionofcommerciallyavailablealternatives-theyreportedthismonthinMaterialsChemistryandPhysics.Thegel-wrappedbottlekept-3℃watercooledbelow0℃for6hoursandliquidheatedto90℃above40℃Thefindingsprovideanew,eco-friendlyapproachtorecyclingagriculturalcast-offs—andagoodexcusetogetabetterelectricdeviceforyourkitchen.Whydoengineerscomeupwiththeideaoftheheatbarrier?A.Tolowerthecostofheatbarriers. B.lbmakegooduseofpineapplewaste.C.Tofindabettercoolerfbrpineapplejuice. D.Toturnpineapplesintosomethingmoreuseful.Whatisthelaststepofmakingthepineappleaerogel?A.Freeze-dryingthesuspension. B.Coolingtheformedsuspension.C.Cuttingupthepineappleleftovers. D.Treatingthemixwithsoundwaves.Whatcanwelearnaboutthepineappleaerogelfromparagraph4?Itkepttheliquidheatedto130℃Itkeptthewatercooledbelow-3℃fornearly6hours.Itcouldbethreetimesaseffectiveasotherheatbarriers.Itdidabetterjobasasoundbarrierthanasaheatbarrier.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?ABetterWaytoKeepDrinksCool.C.PineappleWaste,aWonderfulDrinkCooler.ABetterWaytoKeepDrinksCool.C.PineappleWaste,aWonderfulDrinkCooler.AnAlternativeWaytoRecycleWaste.D.Pineapples,OneoftheMostCommonFruits.【答案】8.B 9.A10.C11.C【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了新加坡和越南的工程師們決定把所有的垃圾變成有用的東西一一菠蘿汁的隔熱層。這種新材料不僅能比許多商業(yè)冷藏器更好地冷藏飲料，還能為世界上的菠蘿垃圾提供一個最后的歸宿。文章主要介紹了這種菠蘿冷卻器的制作過程，以及與其他冷卻器相比菠蘿冷卻的優(yōu)勢?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中When1ifegivesyoupineapples—andhundredsofmillionsoftonsofpineapplewaste一whatdoyoudo?EngineersinSingaporeandVietnamdecidedtoturnallthewasteintosomethinguseful-theheatbarrierforiheirpineapplejuice.可知當生活給你菠蘿—數(shù)億噸菠蘿廢物，你會怎么做？新加坡和越南的工程師們決定把所有的垃圾變成有用的東西——菠蘿汁的隔熱層。由此可知，工程師為了充分利用菠蘿廢料，而有了菠蘿隔熱層的想法。故選B?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句Thesuspensionthatformedwasthencooledbeforebeingfreeze-dried.可知形成的懸浮液在被凍干之前被冷卻。由此可知，制作菠蘿氣凝膠的最后一步是冷凍干燥懸浮液。故選A?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中Whentheresearcherswrappedasheetofthepineappleaerogelaroundamilitary-stylecanteenbottle,theyfoundthattheaerogelcouldprovidethreetimestheheatexchangereductionofcommerciallyavailablealternatives—theyreportedthismonthinMaterialsChemistryand尸的sics.可知研窕人員在本月的《材料化學(xué)與物理》雜志上報道，當他們將一張菠蘿氣凝膠包裹在一個軍用水壺瓶子上時，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這種氣凝膠能夠提供三倍于市面上現(xiàn)有替代品的熱交換減少。由此可知，菠蘿氣凝膠的效率可能是其他熱屏障的三倍。故選C。[11題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中EngineersinSingaporeandVietnamdecidedtoturnallthewasteintosomethinguseful—theheatbarrierfortheirpineapplejuice.Notonlydoestheirnewmaterialkeepdrinkscoolbetterthanmanycommercialcoolers,butitcouldalsoofferafinalrestingplacefortheworld'spineapplewaste.可知新加坡和越南的工程師們決定把所有的垃圾變成有用的東西一一菠蘿汁的隔熱層。這種新材料不僅能比許多商業(yè)冷卻器更好地冷臧飲料，還能為世界上的菠蘿垃圾提供一個最后的歸宿。結(jié)合文章主要介紹了這種菠蘿冷卻器的制作過程，以及與其他冷卻器相比菠蘿冷卻的優(yōu)勢。由此可知，C選項“菠蘿廢料，一種很棒的飲料冷卻器”最符合文章標題。故選C。（長春外國語學(xué)校2020-2021學(xué)年第一學(xué)期高三年級期初考試）話題：文章主要說明了每個人都會拖延，這是人類狀態(tài)的一部分。難度：★★建議用時：6分Everyoneprocrastinates（拖延）."It'spartofthehumancondition,MsaysprocrastinationresearcherTimPychyl.“Wewanttofeelgoodnow.Thewaytodothatisavoidthetask."Headmitsthatintheshortterm,procrastinationispowerfullyrewarding.Thepresentself-benefits,ofcourse,butnotthefutureself.Hisresearchhasshownthatpeoplecanprocrastinateonnearlyanything,evenenjoyabletaskssuchasplanningavacation.Somepeopleprocrastinatecleaning.Somepeopleprocrastinatebycleaning.Thetoptaskspeopledelayareadvancingtheircareers,takingcareoftheirhealth,andplanningtheirfinances.Onebigfactorforthemisfearoffailure,ofnotlivinguptoexpectations.KelliSaginak,a57-year-oldhealthcoachfromWisconsin,procrastinatedaboutlookingforanewjobforyears.Thatinabilitytotakeactiononlyconfinnedherbeliefthatshewouldneverdoanybetter.fciIt*stotallyfearofjudgment,saysSaginak.4UfIdon*ttaketherisk,Idon,thavetofacethejudgment.Yetit*ssimplymejudgingmyself.”Somepeopleembraceprocrastination,insistingthatthewhite-hotpressureofalast-minutecompletionmakeshisorherworkbetter.Butresearchershaveproveditwrong.didanexperiment,puttingprocrastinatorsunderrestrictionsoftime.Theydidworsethannon-procrastinators,buttheythoughttheydidbetter."saysJosephFerrari,apsychologyprofessor.**Non-Procrastinatorsfocusonthetaskthatneedstobedone.Theyhaveastrongerpersonalidentityandarelessconcernedaboutwhatpsychologistscallsocialesteem'showotherslikeus.”Procrastinationisusuallynotgoingtobegoodforyou.Justthinkingaboutwhatyouhaven'tdonemaycausediscomfort.Soifyouhavebeenprocrastinatingonstartinganexerciseroutine,justputonyourwalkingshoes.Ifyou'vebeenputtingoffaworkproject,rereadyourboss'snotesaboutit.AccordingtoTimPychyl,peopleprocrastinatebecause.A. itsimplifiesthetasks B. itofferstemporaryreliefC. itallowsmoretimefbrplanning D. itbenefitsone'sselfdevelopmentWhatdidKelliSaginakmeanby"Yetit'ssimplymejudgingmyself'?A. Shehasfalseexpectations. B. Shemakesquickjudgement.C. Sheregretstakingnoaction. D. Shevaluesherpresentcareer.WhatdoesJosephFerrari'sexperimentshow?Procrastinatorsusuallylackconfidence.Procrastinatorsturnpressureintomotivation.Non-procrastinatorscaremuchaboutothers'feelings.Non-procrastinatorsperformbetterwithinatimelimit.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsprocrastination?A.Favorable. B.Reserved. C.Opposed. D.Objective.【答案】8.B9.C 10.D11.C【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了每個人都會拖延，這是人類狀態(tài)的一部分。研究拖延癥的TimPychyl的研究表明人們可以拖延幾乎任何事情，甚至是愉快的任務(wù)，如計劃假期。文章還分析了導(dǎo)致人們拖延的一些因素，以及拖延帶來的不良后果?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“It，spartofthehumancondition,"saysprocrastinationresearcherTimPychyL"Wewanttofeelgoodnow.Thewaytodothatisavoidthetask."Headmitsthatintheshortterm,procrastinationispowerfullyrewarding.Thepresentself-benefits,ofcourse,butnotthefutureself.可知”這是人類狀態(tài)的一部分，”研究拖延癥的TimPychyl說?！拔覀儸F(xiàn)在想要感覺良好。這樣做的方法是避免任務(wù)。他承認，從短期來看，拖延是非常有益的。當然，現(xiàn)在的自我利益，而不是未來的自我利益。由此可知，TimPychyl認為,人們拖延是因為它能提供暫時的緩解。故選B?！?題詳解】句意猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中KelliSaginak,a57-year-oldhealthcoachfromWisconsin,procrastinatedaboutlookingforanewjobforyears.Thatinabilitytotakeactiononlyconfirmedherbeliefthatshewouldneverdoanybetter_44It'stotallyfearofjudgment/'saysSaginak.可知來自威斯康辛州、現(xiàn)年57歲的健康教練KelliSaginak拖延了好幾年才開始找新工作。無法采取行動只會讓她堅信自己永遠不會做得更好。“這完全是對評判的恐懼，"Saginak說。由此可知，KelliSaginak所說的“Yetit'ssimplymejudgingmyself”的意思是她后悔沒有采取行動。故選C?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Ididanexperiment,puttingprocrastinatorsunderrestrictionsoftime.Theydidworsethannon-procrastinators,buttheythoughttheydidbetter."saysJosephFerrari,apsychologyprofessor."NonProcrastinatorsfocusonthetaskthatneedstobedone.Theyhaveastrongerpersonalidentityandarelessconcernedaboutwhatpsychologistscallsocialesteem'showotherslikeus.“可知"我做過一個實驗，將拖延者置于時間限制之下。他們比不拖拉的人做得更差，但他們認為自己做得更好?！毙睦韺W(xué)教授JosephFerrari說?！胺峭涎诱邥Ｗ⒂谛枰瓿傻娜蝿?wù)。他們有更強的個人認同感，不太關(guān)心心理學(xué)家所說的社會尊重，即別人如何喜歡我們?！庇纱丝芍琂osephFerrari的實驗說明了不拖拉的人在限定的時間內(nèi)表現(xiàn)得更好。故選D。[11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中Procrastinationisusuallynotgoingtobegoodforyou.Justthinkingaboutwhatyouhaven'tdonemaycausediscomfort.可知拖延癥通常對你沒有好處。僅僅想到你沒有做的事情可能會讓你感到不適。由此可推知，作者對拖延癥的態(tài)度是反對的。故選C。C（哈師大附中2020年高三第四次模擬考試）話題：文章介紹了法蘭克福汽車制造商正在準備汽車展覽，介紹了不同汽車的功能。難度：★★建議用時：6分FascinationAutoFRANKFURT,Germany-EuropeanautomakersarepreparingforthebiggestEuropeanmotorshow,the89thInternationalAutomobile-Ausstellung（IAA）inFrankfurt,withaffordablenewfamilycoupe（〃、汽車）andrange-toppingluxurymodels.MaseratiSpyderGTbiturbopowerplantitreplaces.TheSpyderisexpectedtobeabout$138,000.Saab9XDescribedbySaab,the9Xisasportscoupethatcombinesthefeaturesofacoupe,roadster（跑車），sedan（私家轎車）andpickuptruck.Thetwo-doorcoupe,createdbyMichaelMauer,isapreviewoffutureSaabstylingsignal.BMW9SeriesAfourthgenerationofBMW'shigh-dollarsedanarrivesfbr2021,introducingwhatBMWsaysistheworld'sfirstsix-speedautomatictransmission（變速器）?TheV-8engineissaidtobeloadedwithtechnicaladvances.Itdevelops353horsepowerand332pound-feetoftwistingforce.ThelatestversionofBMW'sHeadProtectionSystemaddsrear-sideairbags.ActiveKneeProtection,whichcontainsanadditionalairbagtoprotectthekneesoffrontpassengers,isanewfeature.Porsche911CarreraTargaWhatdoes€kbiturbopowerplantMrefertoinParagraph2?A.Wheelbase. B. Horsepower.C.Platform. D. Engine.Whichofthefollowingismoreconcentratedonsafety?A.Saab9X. B. BMW9Series.C.MaseratiSpyderGT.D.Porsche911CarreraTarga.C.MaseratiSpyderGT.WhatisspecialaboutSaab9X?Itsignalsthestyleoffuturecoupes.Itprovidesall-glasstopfortheowner.Itisacombinationofvariousfunctions.Itresemblestheotherfour-doorcoupesphysically.【答案】l.D2.B3.C【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了法蘭克福汽車制造商正在準備汽車展覽，介紹了不同汽車的功能?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段"”新的升V-8發(fā)動機獲得390馬力，比它所取代的升雙渦輪動力裝置輕44磅。這里發(fā)動機和動力裝置意思一致，所以biturbopowerplant指的是發(fā)動機。故選D項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段"ActiveKneeProtection,whichcontainsanadditionalairbagtoprotectthekneesoffrontpassengers,isanewfeature.M主動保護膝蓋這項新功能，包括一個額外的安全氣囊，以保護前排乘客的膝蓋。所以這里只有寶馬更加注重乘客安全。故選B項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“DescribedbySaab,the9Xisasportscoupethatcombinesthefeaturesofacoupe,roadster（跑車）,sedan（私家轎車）andpickuptruck.”薩博9X是一個跑車,這款車的特點是結(jié)合了雙門跑車，跑車，私家轎車和皮卡。所以薩博9X的特殊之處是結(jié)合了不同車的功能，故選C項。D（長春外國語學(xué)校2020-2021學(xué)年第一學(xué)期高三年級期初考試）話題：研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)酒也可能成為人們飲食的一部分。難度：★★建議用時：6分Ithasalwaysbeenthoughtthatalcoholcausespeopletoputonweightbecauseitcontainsalotofsugar,butnewresearchsuggestsaglassadaycoldformpartofadiet.Lookingatpaststudiestheyfoundthat,whileheavydrinkersdoputonweight;thosewhodrinkinmoderationcanactuallyloseweight.AspokesmanfortheresearchteamatNavarroUniversityinSpainsays,'*Lighttomoderatealcoholintake,especiallyofwine,maybemorelikelytoprotectagainst,ratherthanpromote,weightgain."TheInternationalScientificForumonAlcoholResearchreviewedthefindingsandagreedwithmostoftheconclusions,particularlythatdatadonotclearlyindicateifmoderatedrinkingincreasesweight.BostonUniversity'sDr.HarveyFinkelfoundthatthebiologicmechanisms（生物學(xué)機制）relatingalcoholtochangesinbodyweightarenotproperlyunderstood.Histeampointedoutthestrongprotectiveeffectsofmoderatedrinkingontheriskofgettingconditionslikediabetes（糖尿?。?whichrelatetoincreasingobesity.Somestudiessuggestthatevenveryobesepeoplemaybeatlowerriskofdiabetesiftheyaremoderatedrinkers.Thegroupsaysalcoholprovidescaloriesthatarequicklyabsorbedintothebodyandarenotstoredinfat,andthatthisprocesscouldexplainthedifferencesinitseffectsfromthoseofotherfoods.Theyagreethatfutureresearchshouldbedirectedtowardsassessingtherolesofdifferenttypesofalcoholicdrinks,takingintoconsiderationdrinkingpatternsandincludingthepasttendencyofparticipantstogainweight.Fornowthereislittleevidencethatconsumingsmalltomoderateamountsofalcoholonaregularbasisincreasesone'sriskofbecomingobese.What'smore,astudythreeyearsagosuggestedthatresveratrol（白藜蘆醇）,acompoundpresentingrapesandredwinedestroysfatcells.Thepassageismainlyforthose.whoproducewinewhohaveadrinkinghabitwhogoonadietwhoareeagertoloseweightTheunderlinedphrase“inmoderation"inthefirstparagraphmeans.A.excitedly B.carefullyC.frequently D.properlyWhatcanwelearnfromthepassage?Currentdataclearlyshowthatmoderatedrinkingincreasesweight.Resveratrolisprovedtoincreasetheriskofbecomingfat.Theresearchfoundmoderatedrinkinghasastrongprotectiveeffect.Thespecificrolesofdifferenttypesofalcoholicdrinksareveryclear.Whatismostlikelytobediscussedintheparagraphthatfollows?Howtodosomeeasyexperiments.Howtoreducethecaloriescontainedinwine.Howtoprovethefindingmentionedabove.Howtomakewineinahealthyway.【答案】12.B13.D14.C15.C【解析】【分析】本文是說明文。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)酒也可能成為人們飲食的一部分，適當?shù)娘嬀撇⒉粫?dǎo)致人們發(fā)胖，并且適量飲酒會防止人們得糖尿病?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句Ithasalwaysbeenthoughtthatalcoholcausespeopletoputonweightbecauseitcontainsalotofsugar,butnewresearchsuggestsaglassadaycouldformpartofadiet.可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)酒也可能成為人們飲食的一部分，適當?shù)娘嬀撇⒉粫?dǎo)致人們發(fā)胖。全文都在敘述與之有關(guān)的研究，所以本文應(yīng)該是寫給那些喝酒的人的。故選B?！?3題詳解】猜測詞義題。根據(jù)第一段第二句Lookingatpaststudiestheyfoundthat,whileheavydrinkersdoputonweight;thosewhodrinkinmoderationcanactuallyloseweight.（盡管酗酒的確可以增力口體重，但是那些適當飲酒的人實際上會減肥。），根據(jù)連詞while可知，上下文存在對比關(guān)系，inmoderation指適當?shù)?，有?jié)制的，故選D?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句Histeampointedoutthestrongprotectiveeffectsofmoderatedrinkingontheriskofgettingconditionslikediabetes（糖尿?。?whichrelatetoincreasingobesity.可知，適量飲酒對于糖尿病有防護作用，也就是說適量飲酒的人不會患上糖尿病。故選C。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句What'smore,astudythreeyearsagosuggestedthatresveratrol,acompoundpresentingrapesandredwinedestroysfatcells.可知，一項研究說明葡萄和紅酒中存在的resveratrol實際上可以破壞肥胖細胞，那么接下來就應(yīng)該證明這一理論的正確性，故選C?！军c睛】推理題的解題方法.抓住特定信息進行逆向或正向推理。做此類試題要善于抓住某一段話中的關(guān)鍵信息，即某些關(guān)鍵詞或短語去分析、推理、判斷，利用逆向思維或正面推理，從而推斷出這句話所隱含的深層含義。.整合全文（段）信息進行推斷做推理題時，有時需要在弄懂全文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，整合與題目相關(guān)的有用信息，綜合起來去推理判斷，確定最佳結(jié)論。小題2根據(jù)第一段第二句Lookingatpaststudiestheyfoundthat,whileheavydrinkersdoputonweight;thosewhodrinkinmoderationcanactuallyloseweight.盡管酗酒的確可以增加體重，但是那些適當飲酒的人實際上會減肥。根據(jù)連詞while可知上下文存在對比關(guān)系，故選B。（江西師大附中2020屆高三三模英語考試卷）話題：文章主要講述了看起來似乎是討厭的生物，但在植物授粉方面，蜜蜂發(fā)揮著重要作用。難度：★★★建議用時：6分Whilebeeshoppingfromoneflowertoanotherisvividtowatch,havingbeesdisturbingabackyardbarbecuecertainlyisn't.Theymayseemlikepeskycreaturestogetridof,buttherearequiteafewthingsyoumaynotknowaboutbees,especiallytheimpacttheyhaveonourlivelihood.Themainpurposeofbees,particularlyhoneybees,istohelppollinatetheplantsaroundthem.AccordingtotheDepartmentofEntomologyatPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,pollinators(suchasbees)helptofertilizeplants,whichresultsin“theformationofseedsandthefruitsurroundingseeds”.Pollinatorsarenecessaryforthree-quartersofourmajorfoodcrops,includingfruits,vegetables,andnuts.Anestimated300,000speciesofplantsneedpollinators.Thafsaround80to95percentofplantspecies.Withoutpollinators,thenumberofcropswehavewilltakeaserioushit.Otherpollinatorscanhelpoutwiththisprocessincludingbutterflies,beetles,andflies.Evensomebirdsandbatscanbepollinators.However,beesofvariousspeciesareknownforbeingnaturalpollinatorsforplants.Bytakingcareofthebees,ourworldisabletobenefitintermsofagriculturalincomeandnutritiousfoodsupply.Youmaynotbeabletomakeahugechangeonanindustriallevel,butassomeonewithalandscapeofyourown,whynothelpsavethebees?Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?BeesIsDisappearing?HowYouCanSaveBees?HowBeesHelpPollinatethePlants?WhyYouShouldn'tKillBeesinYourYard?Whatisthemainpurposeofbees?Toprovidedelicioushoney.Todisturbbackyardbarbecue.Togetridofsomepeskycreatures.Tohelppollinatetheplantsaroundthem.WhydoestheauthorlistthenumbersinParagraph2?Toshowthediversityofplantspecies.Toshowhowwedependonplants.Toprovetheimportanceofpollinatorssuchasbees.Tomakeacomparisonbetweenplantswhichneedpollinatorsandwhichdon't.Whydoestheauthorsay“wearefacingaseriousthreat”?Becausethebeepopulationhasdecreasedsharply.Becauselotsofwildbeeshavebeenhitbypeople.Becausemanypeopleareattackedbywildbees.Becausethecroplandshaveproducedlesscropsinthefall.【答案】28.D29.D30.C31.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了看起來似乎是討厭的生物，但在植物授粉方面，蜜蜂發(fā)揮著重要作用，從而使人類能夠在農(nóng)業(yè)收入和營養(yǎng)食物供應(yīng)方面獲益。因此，作者在文章中呼吁幫助拯救數(shù)量正在急劇下降的蜜蜂?！?8題詳解】主旨大意題。文章結(jié)構(gòu)為總分總結(jié)構(gòu)，首尾段落相呼應(yīng)。文章首段出現(xiàn)了“but”句，說明此句應(yīng)是本文的中心話題句。分析該句"Theymayseemlikepeskycreaturestogetridof,buttherearequiteafewthingsyoumaynotknowaboutbees,especiallytheimpacttheyhaveonourlivelihood^它們看起來似乎是討厭的生物，但你可能不知道關(guān)于蜜蜂的很多事情，尤其是它們對我們生活的影響。）”且結(jié)合文章末尾內(nèi)容“Bytakingcareofthebees,ourworldisabletobenefitintermsofagriculturalincomeandnutritiousfoodsupply.Youmaynotbeabletomakeahugechangeonanindustriallevel,butassomeonewithalandscapeofyourown,whynothelpsavethebees?（通過照顧蜜蜂，我們的世界能夠在農(nóng)業(yè)收入和營養(yǎng)食物供應(yīng)方面獲益。你可能無法在工業(yè)層面上做出巨大的改變，但作為一個擁有自己風(fēng)景的人，為什么不幫助拯救蜜蜂呢?）"可知，本文的主題是陳述蜜蜂的重要性以及呼吁我們不要殺死蜜蜂。D項"WhyYouShouldn'tKillBeesinYourYard?（為什么你不應(yīng)該殺死你院子里的蜜蜂?）”貼合主旨要義，可作最佳標題。故選D項?！?9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第1句內(nèi)容“Themainpurposeofbees,particularlyhoneybees,istohelppollinatetheplantsaroundthem."可知蜜蜂的主要作用是幫助它們周圍的植物授粉。故選D項?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中，列舉數(shù)字之后的總結(jié)句"Withoutpollinators,thenumberofcropswehavewilltakeaserioushit."可知，沒有傳粉者，我們的農(nóng)作物數(shù)量將受到嚴重打擊。因此可推知作者列舉這些數(shù)字目的就是為了說明像蜜蜂這樣的授粉者的重要性。故選C項。[31題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第1句內(nèi)容uUnfortunately,foryearstherehasbeenanalarmingdeclineofbeesaroundiheglobe.”可知，多年來全球蜜蜂數(shù)量急劇下降，并在后文中進行了詳細的闡述，且該段末尾內(nèi)容“”提到39%的美國農(nóng)田依靠傳粉者來授粉才會有所收成，而蜜蜂是在授粉方面發(fā)揮重要作用。由此可推知作者之所以說我們正面臨威脅是因為全球蜜蜂數(shù)量急劇減少，會導(dǎo)致許多農(nóng)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量下降。故選A項。【點睛】通過文章主題句來確定標題了解文章的主要論題的關(guān)鍵使找到全文的主題句。主題句一般在文章首段，尤其是在首段或第二段首句出現(xiàn)了“but”句的時候，but句往往成為全文的主題句。比如文章的第1小題：Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?BeesIsDisappearing?HowYouCanSaveBees?HowBeesHelpPollinatethePlants?WhyYouShouldn'tKillBeesinYourYard?一般而言，第1題為主旨大意題，即：選擇最佳標題或文章大意題，說明首段提及了文章的主題。通過閱讀首段，發(fā)現(xiàn)了but句，即主題句：Theymayseemlikepeskycreaturestogetridof,buttherearequiteafewthingsyoumaynotknowaboutbees,especiallytheimpacttheyhaveonourlivelihood.,可知文章的主題為陳述蜜蜂的重要性，也就回答了D項的問題：WhyYouShouldn'tKillBeesinYourYard?同時從標題特點角度來說，D項更能引起興趣，且貼合主題。故選D項為最佳標題。F（嘉積中學(xué)2019-2020學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期月考）話題：文章介紹了游覽倫敦使用VisitorOysterCard的好處，如何購買及如何充值。難度：★★★建議用時：6分TheVisitorOystercardAVisitorOystercardisthecheapestwaytopayforasingleadultjoumeyinLondon.It'saplasticsmartcard.Youcanuseitonthebus,tube,tram,DLR,LondonOvergroundandmostNationalRailservices.It'smuchcheaperthanbuyingindividualtickets,insomecasescosting50%lessthanthepriceofaregularpaperticket.HowtogetaVisitorOystercardHowdoestheVisitorOystercardwork?Afewmorepoints:?Achildundertheageof11travelsfreewhenaccompaniedbyanadult.,You'llsavemoremoneyifyouusethetubeseveraltimes.TheVisitorOystercardis“capped(給 定上限?You'llpaymoreduringpeaktimes.PeakfaresapplyfromMondaytoFriday(6:30am—9:30am;4:00pm—7:00pm),exceptforpublicholidays.?ReusetheOystercardbyaddingcreditatatubestation.OysterticketshoporVisitorCentre.?ReceiveadiscountontheThamesClippersRiverBusservices.WhatcanwelearnabouttheVisitorOystercard?Youcan'tuseitduringpublicholidays.Youcanhaveitmaileddirectlytoyourhome.YoucangetafreeOystercardifyouorderonline.Youcanreceivea50%discountatanyshopinLondon.HowmuchmoneywillbedeductedifyoutakethetubefourtimesinadaywithaVisitorOystercard?TOC\o"1-5"\h\zA. B.C. D.WherecanyouaddcredittoyourVisitorOystercard?A.Onthe Internet. B. At abus station.C.At a tubestation. D. In conveniencestores.【答案】l.B2.C 3.C【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了游覽倫敦使用VisitorOysterCard的好處，如何購買及如何充值。[1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。第二段第二句Yourcardwillbedeliveredbypost.可知VisitorOystercard可以直接寄到你家。故選B?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Afewmorepoints部分You'llsavemoremoneyifyouusethetubeseveraltimes.TheVisitorOystercardis''capped(給 定上限可知如果你乘幾次地鐵，你會節(jié)省更多的錢。VisitorOyster【3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Afewmorepoints部分倒數(shù)第二段ReusetheOystercardbyaddingcreditatatubestation,OysterticketshoporVisitorCentre.可知可以在地鐵站添加，故選C。（黑龍江省實驗中學(xué)2020高三期末英語沖刺仿真模擬訓(xùn)練試題六）話題:說明了瑞典一所學(xué)校在四月份取消了學(xué)生的家庭作業(yè)和考試的原因。難度：★★★建議用時：6分Whileanentiremonthfreeofhomeworkortestsmaysoundtoogoodtobetrue,thatisexactlywhatthestudentsatSturenskolanSchoolinBoden,SwedenweretreatedtoinApril.What'smore,iftheresultsoftheexperimentproveencouraging,starting2019,themiddleschoolerswillneverhavetoworryaboutafter-schoolworkortests,asidefromthenationalexaminations,whicharecompulsiveforstudentsacrossthecountry.Theschoofsprincipal,PetronellaSirkka,whocameupwiththeidea,said,“Weareconstantlyreceivingnewreportsthatourchildrenfeelbad.Andthat'sbecausetheyhaveahighlevelofstressallthetime.Thisisourwayoftryingtoreducethatstress.”Theeducatorsaysthatwhilebanninghomeworkandtestssoundsradical(激進的)，itmakessensegiventhechangesinthecurriculumandapproachestoeducation.Whileinthepaststudentswereprimarilysubjectedtomemorizingfacts,learningtodayisallaboutreflectionandanalysis.Asaresult,itisoftenharderforkids,especiallythosewithlittlesupportathome,tocomprehendthematerialbythemselves.Sirkkaisnottheonlyonewhobelievesafter-schoolworkdoesnothelpstudentslearn.InMarch2018,anotherprincipalinCanadaalsodecidedtodoawaywithhomework.Theyhopeparentswillspendtheextratimereadingtotheirkids.Whilethelong-termimpactoftherecentdecisionsmadebythetwoeducatorsremainstobeseen,theexperimenthasalreadyprovedsuccessfulinFinlandwhichhasdoneawaywithhomework,grade