william-Blake威廉-布萊克(課堂)課件

WilliamBlake威廉·布萊克

(1757-1827)1WilliamBlake威廉·布萊克

LifeExperienceLiteraryCreationsLiteraryPosition2LifeExperienceLiteraryCreati

LifeExperience1779,astudentattheRoyalAcademy1783,hisfirstcollectionofpoemsPoeticalSketches

wasprinted

1782,hemarriedtheilliterateCatherineandtaughthertoread,writeandengrave14-20anapprenticetoanengraver21aprofessionalengraverHewaseducatedathomeuntil10TextinhereamemorialofhimwasatthePoetsCornerinWestminsterAbbey3LifeExperience177

hallucination:幻覺eg.atreefullofangels從童年時代起，布萊克就充滿了豐富的想像力，并且時常經歷幻想。他說他曾看見過綴滿天使的大樹，曾見到過安葬在威斯敏斯特教堂中的古圣先賢，并給他們畫過畫像。他把自己所看到的一切用繪畫和詩歌表現(xiàn)出來。他的畫大多是經過深思熟慮后的變形人體或表現(xiàn)他幻覺中所見到的人物。布萊克一生都沒有得到官方或公眾的賞識。在當時人們的眼中，它是個反理性主義者、夢幻家和神秘主義者，一個遠離塵世的人和偏執(zhí)狂。他的作品沒有受到重視。直到十九、二十世紀之交，葉芝等人重編了他的詩集，人們才驚訝于他的純真與深刻。接著是他的書信和筆記的發(fā)表，他的神啟式的畫也逐漸普及，于是詩人與畫家布萊克的地位才確立無疑。4hallucination:幻覺4Blake’spoliticalviewsBlakewasarebel.Blakestronglycriticizedthecapitalists'cruelexploitation,sayingthatthe"darksatanicmillsleftmenunemployed,killedchildrenandforcedprostitution."HecherishedgreatexpectationsandenthusiasmfortheFrenchRevolution.5Blake’spoliticalviewsBlake1.PoemsPoeticalSketches《詩歌素描》hisfirstcollectionofpoemsSongsofInnocence(1789)《天真之歌》SongsofExperience(1794)《經驗之歌》LiteraryCreations61.PoemsLiteraryCreations6PoeticalSketches12-20歲之間寫作的詩。嘗試寫作莎士比亞的無韻詩以及民謠形式的詩和抒情詩。有對詩壇充斥的嬌柔造作表示毫無偏見的嘆息，也有對統(tǒng)治地位的理性法則充滿輕視，還有贊同伊麗莎白時期清新的詩歌。Acollectionoflyricalpoems,whicharehighlymusical.Blake'sdistinctivethemesofloveandjealousy,togetherwithveryearlyversionsofsomeofhismythologicalfigures,canbeglimpsedinthedelicatelyconstructedsongs.7PoeticalSketches12-20歲之間寫作的詩。SongsofInnocence

IntheintroductionofSongsofInnocence,thepoetcompareshimselftoalaughingchilduponacloud.

SongsofInnocencecontainspoemsinwhichwecanseepicturesofmerrynatureandinnocentchildren.Usingalanguagewhichevenlittlebabiescanlearnbyheart.

8SongsofInnocenceInthealaughingchilduponacloud9alaughing

Intheintroductionof

SongsofExperience,thepoetbecomes“thelapsed流失的Soulweepingintheeveningdew”.InSongsofExperienceBlakedrewpicturesofneedinessanddistressandshowedthesufferingsofthepoor.10IntheintroductionofSSomebest-knownpoems《天真之歌》和《經驗之歌》中最著名的一些詩篇TheLittleBlackBoy《黑小孩》TheChimneySweeper《掃煙囪的孩子》TheLamb《羊羔》TheTiger《老虎》AhSunflower!《啊，向日葵！》London《倫敦》

11Somebest-knownpoems《天真之歌》和《TheTiger12TheTiger12AhSunflower！AhSunflower,wearyoftime,Whocountestthestepsofthesun;SeekingafterthatsweetgoldenclimeWherethetraveller'sjourneyisdone;WheretheYouthpinedawaywithdesire,Andthepalevirginshroudedinsnow,Arisefromtheirgraves,andaspireWheremySunflowerwishestogo!13AhSunflower！AhSunflower,wea《啊，向日葵》啊，向日葵！懷著對時間的厭倦整天數(shù)著太陽的腳步．它尋求甜蜜而金色的天邊——倦旅的旅途在那兒結束；那兒，少年因渴望而憔悴早殤，蒼白的處女蓋著雪的尸布，都從他們墳中起來向往——向著我的向日葵要去的國度。（飛白譯）14《啊，向日葵》啊，向日葵！懷著對時間的厭倦14AuguriesofInnocenceToseeaWorldinaGrainofSandAndaHeaveninaWildFlower,HoldInfinityinthepalmofyourhandAndEternityinanhour.15AuguriesofInnocenceToseea天真的預示一顆沙里看出一個世界，一朵野花里一座天堂，把無限放在你的手掌上，永恒在一剎那里收藏。梁宗岱譯16天真的預示16掃煙囪孩子（一）

選自《天真之歌》（卞之琳譯）

我母親死的時候，我還小得很，我父親把我拿出來賣給了別人，我當時還不大喊得清“掃呀，掃，”我就掃你們煙囪，裹煤屑睡覺。有個小托姆，頭發(fā)卷得像小羊頭，剃光的時候，哭得好傷心，好難受，我就說：“小托姆，不要緊，光了腦袋，大起來煤屑就不會糟蹋你白頭發(fā)?！?7掃煙囪孩子（一）

選自《天真之歌》（卞之琳譯）

17他就安安靜靜了，當天夜里，托姆睡著了，事情就來得稀奇，他看見千千萬萬的掃煙囪小孩阿貓阿狗全都給鎖進了黑棺材。后來來了個天使，拿了把金鑰匙，開棺材放出了孩子們（真是好天使?。┧麄兙瓦吿?，邊笑，邊跑過草坪，到河里洗了澡，太陽里曬得亮晶晶。18他就安安靜靜了，當天夜里，18光光的，白白的，把袋子都拋個一地，他們就升上了云端，在風里游戲；“只要你做個好孩子，”天使對托姆說，“上帝會做你的父親，你永遠快樂?！蓖心肪托蚜耍晃葑永锖诠韭∵?，我們就起來拿袋子、掃帚去做工。大清早盡管冷，托姆的心里可溫暖；這叫做：各盡本分，就不怕災難。19光光的，白白的，把袋子都拋個一地，19

TheChimneySweeper(II)

AlittleblackthingamongthesnowCrying‘weep,weep”innotesofwoe!“Wherearethyfather&mother?say?”“Theyarebothgoneuptothechurchtopray.”20TheChimneySweeper(II)Al“BecauseIwashappyupontheheath,Andsmil’damongthewinter’ssnow;Theyclothedmeintheclothesofdeath,Andtaughtmetosingthenotesofwoe.“AndbecauseIamhappy,&dance&sing,Theythinktheyhavedonemenoinjury,AndaregonetopraiseGod&hisPriest&King,Whomakeupaheavenofourmisery”.21“BecauseIwashappyupontheProse:

TheMarriageofHeavenandHell

(1790)

《天堂與地獄的聯(lián)姻》

TheFrenchRevolution《法國大革命》179122Prose:

TheMarriageofHeavProse：TheMarriageofHeavenandHell

(1790)

《天堂與地獄的聯(lián)姻》--想象力的贊美詩

AproseworkisimportantforitsexpressionofBlake'sspiritofrevoltagainstoppression.Hemaintainslibertyagainstthelawofbourgeoissociety.

布萊克對當時所有的政府、道德以及宗教法規(guī)進行抨擊批判。23Prose：TheMarriageofHeavenBlake’sEtchings(蝕刻畫)Thelover’swhirlwindForDante’swork

ThegreatreddragonandthewomanclothedwithSunfortheBible24Blake’sEtchings(蝕刻畫)TheloverTheGoodandtheBadAngels25TheGoodandtheBadAngels25WilliamBlake1757-1827ElohimcreatingAdam179526WilliamBlake1757-1827EloDanteandVergilTheDivineComedy27DanteandVergil27Blake’sliteraryachievements

1.Asymbolist,oramystic神秘主義者;manypoemsareobscureandcanbeinterpretedonlysymbolically.2.Hislyricpoetrydisplaysthecharacteristicsoftheromanticspirit.(visualimages,imagination)3.Naturalsentiment憐憫之情andindividualoriginalityofhispoems.28Blake’sliteraryachievements4.圖、文結合：詩中有畫，畫中有詩Mostofhisworksweredesignedandproducedasmultimedia,combiningverbalandvisualmodesofexpressionwithinnovativetechnologicalmethodsofengravingandprinting”.--StephenMarx2.“BlakeisconsiderednotonlyamajorEnglishwriterbutanimportantfigureinthehistoryofart藝術史上的重要人物.294.圖、文結合：詩中有畫，畫中有詩29

Pre-romanticism

WhendidPre-romanticismappear?inthelatterhalfofthe18thcenturyWhatarethemainfeaturesofPre-romanticism?RomanticRevival;StrongprotestagainstthebondageofClassicismClaimsofpassionandemotionRenewedinterestsinmedievalliterature30Pre-romanticismWhendidP

Pre-romanticismWhoaretherepresentatives?WilliamBlakeandRobertBurnsWhat’sthesignificance?markedthedeclineofclassicismpavedthewayforthecomingofromanticisminEngland31Pre-romanticismWhoarether

AnalysisofLondonStructure1RhymeScheme2paraphrase&translation3theme432AnalysisoLondonIwanderthro’eachcharter’dstreet,Nearwherethecharter’dThamesdoesflow.AndmarkineveryfaceImeetMarksofweakness,marksofwoe.IneverycryofeveryMan,IneveryInfantscryoffear,Ineveryvoice:ineveryban,Themind-forg’dmanaclesIhear33LondonIwanderthro’eachcharHowtheChimney-sweeperscryEveryblack’ningChurchappalls,AndthehaplessSoldierssighRunsinblooddownPalacewallsButmostthro’midnightstreetsIhearHowtheyouthfulHarlotscurseBlaststhenew-bornInfantstearAndblightswithplaguestheMarriagehearse

34HowtheChimney-sweeperscry3I.StructureStanzas1-3:themiseriesofpeoplethatthepoetsawandheardindaytimeStanza4:themiseriesofpoeplethatthepoetsawandheardatnight35I.StructureStanzas1-3:theII.rhymeschemeTherhymeschemeofthispoemis:abab36II.rhymeschemeTherhymeschecharteredstreets37charteredstreets37charteredThames38charteredThames381.charter’d=chartered–monopolized被壟斷了的；當時英國資本主義工商業(yè)已相當發(fā)達，許多大公司企業(yè)獲得了專利權。倫敦大街及泰晤士河上航運均為大資本家控制2.theThames(River)泰晤士河；3.mark(s)–1)vt.notice/see注意/看到,2)n.signs/traces痕跡/跡象；4.weakness–fatigue,tiredness(physical);woe–(mentaloremotional)grief;5.themind-forg’dmanacles—(由)精神（鑄造的）枷鎖；manaclesmadebythemindIII.Paraphrase391.charter’d=chartered–monmanacles枷鎖40manacles枷鎖40chimney-sweepers41chimney-sweepers416.theChimney-sweeper–Inthe18thcenturysmallboys,sometimesnomorethan4or5yearsold,wereemployedtoclimbupthenarrowchimneysandcleaninside,collectingthesoot煙灰inbags.Suchboys,sometimessoldtothemastersweepersbytheirparentsowingtopoverty,weremiserablytreatedbytheirmastersandoftensuffereddiseaseandphysicalinjuries.426.theChimney-sweeper–Inthchurches43churches437.theChimney-sweeper'scryCry=Weep哭泣implyingsadness,sorrowandweepingtearsoftheboysCry=“Sweep”大喊“掃煙囪啰!”8.blackeningchurch:thechurchesturnedblackbecauseoftheburningofcoals."Black"impliedthattheclergymenarehypocriticalandcorrupted.9.thechurchappals:theclergymanappalsatthecryoftheboys(TheclergymanhiredtheboystocollectthesootarousedthedisgustofthepoetBlake)447.theChimney-sweeper'scry44

17101837BuckinghamPalaceofvariousagesnow4517101837Bu

FiveSensesofHumanBeingsSenseofhearing聽覺Senseofsight視覺Senseoftaste味覺Senseofsmelling嗅覺Senseoftouch觸覺46FiveSense

10.thehaplessSoldiersigh—theunluckysoldierwhowaswoundedorevencrippledinthewarfordefendingthestate/monarchbutnowisdesertedbythecountryandhastobegforhislivingoutsidethepalacesincehecannotfindanyjobasadisabledperson.11.runinblooddownthepalacewall:thesoldier'sbloodrunsdownthepalacewallSynesthesiaisusedinthesetwolines.通感,聯(lián)覺themixtureuseofSenseofHearing（eg.sigh)聽覺andSenseofSight(eg.blood)視覺4710.theha12.“Palacewalls":acontrast

inside–grandballs,luxuriousbanquets,etc.ofthecourt&theroyalfamilyoutside–thecrippledsoldiersaresufferingfromthebleedingwoundandhunger13.theyouthfulharlot—theyoungprostitute妓女14.

theyouthfulHarlotscurseblaststhenew-bornInfantstear:

theyoungprostitutescursethemenwhobroughtvenerealdiseasetothemandtheircursefrightensthenew-bornbabiesfromcrying.4848

15.thenew-borninfantstear:thenew-bornbabiescrybecauseofthediseasetheygetwhentheywereborn16.blights—damages/undermines17.plagues:thevenerealdiseasecausedbyprostitution(whoring)賣淫性病(如梅毒syphilis)病菌造成的胎兒先天性失明18.theMarriagehearse—turnedthemarriageintoafuneral,implyinganemotionaldeath:lovelessmarriagebasedonmoneyleadingtoextra-maritalsex

hearse:thevehicletocarrydeadpeople靈車4915.thene

19.ThedescriptionofthesethreekindsofpeopleisthecriticismofthethreemajorinstitutionsofEngland1)Thereligioussystem:

thehypocrisyoftheclergymeninthechurchesisexposedbythechimneysweeper’scry5019.Thede

2)thecrueltyofthestateisrevealedbythesoldier’ssuffering3)themarriagesystemiscriticizedasbasedonmoneyandbeinglovelessandasleadingtoextra-maritalsexwhichcouldincurv.d.512)thecruIII.《倫敦》（王佐良譯）我走過每條獨占的街道，

徘徊在獨占的泰晤士河邊，

我看見每個過往的行人,

有一張衰弱、痛苦的臉。

每個人的每聲呼喊，

每個嬰孩害怕的號叫，

每句話，每條禁令，

都響著心靈鑄成的鐐銬。52III.《倫敦》（王佐良譯）我走過每條獨占多少掃煙囪孩子的喊叫,

震驚了一座座熏黑的教堂，

不幸兵士的長嘆,

化成鮮血流下了宮墻。

最怕是深夜的街頭,

又聽年輕妓女的詛咒！

它駭住了初生兒的眼淚，

又用瘟疫摧殘了婚禮喪車。53多少掃煙囪孩子的喊叫,

震驚了一座座熏黑的教堂，

不幸兵士的IV.Theme

InthepoemLondonthewholepictureofthemiseriesintheEnglishcapitalisreflected.54IV.Theme54Q.1.1)coined–self-created;2)past-participlesusedasadjectives.3)ParadoxicalcombinationQ.2.thelinguisticfeatures:語言特征1)short,simplewords,e.g.every,cry,Ihear,etc.2)repetition,Therearealtogether3marks,3cries,2charter’d,6every,2how,and2hears3)past-participlesusedasadjectives.QuestionsforLondon

55Q.1.1)coined–self-created;Q.3.its“anvilmusic”打鐵般的樂感1)byrepeatingshortsimplewordsorphrases,2)andbyusingregularstanzaformandtherhymescheme(abab)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Assignment:DescribeLondoninyourownwordsandwithyourimagination,basedontheinformationgiveninBlake’spoemLondon.QuestionsforLondon

56Q.3.its“anvilmusic”打鐵般的樂感Q現(xiàn)實主義詩人杜甫的詩朱門酒肉臭，路有凍死骨。榮枯咫尺異，惆悵難再述。57現(xiàn)實主義詩人杜甫的詩57IHeardanAngelSingingIheardanAngelsinging,Whenthedaywasspringing:"Mercy,Pity,PeaceIstheworld'srelease."ThushesangalldayOverthenew-mownhay,Tillthesunwentdown,Andhaycockslookedbrown.58IHeardanAngelSingingIhearIheardadevilcurse

Overtheheathandthefurze:

"Mercycouldbenomore

Iftherewasnobodypoor,

AndPitynomorecouldbe,

Ifallwereashappyaswe."

Athiscursethesunwentdown,

Andtheheavensgaveafrown.

Downpour'dtheheavyrain

Overthenewreap'dgrain;

AndMisery'sincrease

IsMercy,Pity,Peace.59Iheardadevilcurse

Overthe

Analysisofthepoem1paraphrase2theme3questions4rhymescheme&structure60Analysiso

Structure

Stanzas1-2:Theangel'ssinging.

Stanzas3-5:TheDevil'scurses.RhymeScheme:aabb61Structure

L.2springing–breaking/beginning;破曉singing,springing:alliteration押頭韻L.4release–consolation/solace安慰;"Mercy,Pity,Peace"istheconsolationfromGodtothewholeworld.(PeopleaskconsolationfromGod)L4:pity,peace:alliteration押頭韻

L.6thenew-mownhay–thenew-cuthay;L.8Andhaycockslookedbrown–干草垛在晚霞的余輝中呈棕色;II.Paraphrase62L.2springing–breaking/be

haycocksfurzeheathland63haycocksfuL.10theheath—theheathland/thewasteland;thefurze—金雀花叢(inScotland);L.16theheavens–God;(metonymy借代）gaveafrown—皺起眉頭,asignofdispleasure;Q:Whyisgodangry?64L.10theheath—theheathland/L.17-18Rain:asymbolInChristiancontextoftensymbolizesGod’sgrace上帝的恩澤,buthere,thisheavydown-pour傾盆大雨seemstobeapunishment,forit’llsurelyruinthegrainwhichhasjustbeencut剛剛收割的莊稼(shouldbeputonthethreshingground打谷場）;Downpour‘dtheheavyrain/Overthenewreap’dgrain–Inversionisused.65L.17-18Rain:asymbol65L.19-20AndMiseries'increase/IsMercy,Pity,Peace–Andowingtotheincreaseofmiserycausedbythisnaturaldisaster(thedown-pour),thereisneedofmercy,pityandpeaceamongpeople.66L.19-20AndMiseries'increasIII.ThemeThepoetdepictsthepoeminamockingtonebutconveysaseriousmessage"ThereisnoneedforGod’smercy,pity,andpeace,ifthereisnoman-mademiseries".GodisexposedbycontrastingAngel’ssinging天使的歌功頌德andDevil’scurse/retort魔鬼的反駁.67III.ThemeThepoetdepictstheThepoemistreatedinamockingvein.嘲弄的口吻;Q.1.addtoQ.21)musical,rhythmic,inregularstanzaform–quatrain(四行的詩節(jié)):4-linestanza,rhymingaabb,2)mockingintone,butconveyingaseriousmessage–thereisnoneedforGod’smercy,Pity,Peace,ifthereisnoman-mademiseries.

IV.QuestionsonIHeardanAngelSinging

68Thepoemistreatedinamocki翻譯練習PleasetranslateIHearanAngelSingingintoChinese!請將《我聽見天使在歌唱》這首詩翻成中文。69翻譯練習69WilliamBlake威廉·布萊克

(1757-1827)70WilliamBlake威廉·布萊克

LifeExperienceLiteraryCreationsLiteraryPosition71LifeExperienceLiteraryCreati

LifeExperience1779,astudentattheRoyalAcademy1783,hisfirstcollectionofpoemsPoeticalSketches

wasprinted

1782,hemarriedtheilliterateCatherineandtaughthertoread,writeandengrave14-20anapprenticetoanengraver21aprofessionalengraverHewaseducatedathomeuntil10TextinhereamemorialofhimwasatthePoetsCornerinWestminsterAbbey72LifeExperience177

hallucination:幻覺eg.atreefullofangels從童年時代起，布萊克就充滿了豐富的想像力，并且時常經歷幻想。他說他曾看見過綴滿天使的大樹，曾見到過安葬在威斯敏斯特教堂中的古圣先賢，并給他們畫過畫像。他把自己所看到的一切用繪畫和詩歌表現(xiàn)出來。他的畫大多是經過深思熟慮后的變形人體或表現(xiàn)他幻覺中所見到的人物。布萊克一生都沒有得到官方或公眾的賞識。在當時人們的眼中，它是個反理性主義者、夢幻家和神秘主義者，一個遠離塵世的人和偏執(zhí)狂。他的作品沒有受到重視。直到十九、二十世紀之交，葉芝等人重編了他的詩集，人們才驚訝于他的純真與深刻。接著是他的書信和筆記的發(fā)表，他的神啟式的畫也逐漸普及，于是詩人與畫家布萊克的地位才確立無疑。73hallucination:幻覺4Blake’spoliticalviewsBlakewasarebel.Blakestronglycriticizedthecapitalists'cruelexploitation,sayingthatthe"darksatanicmillsleftmenunemployed,killedchildrenandforcedprostitution."HecherishedgreatexpectationsandenthusiasmfortheFrenchRevolution.74Blake’spoliticalviewsBlake1.PoemsPoeticalSketches《詩歌素描》hisfirstcollectionofpoemsSongsofInnocence(1789)《天真之歌》SongsofExperience(1794)《經驗之歌》LiteraryCreations751.PoemsLiteraryCreations6PoeticalSketches12-20歲之間寫作的詩。嘗試寫作莎士比亞的無韻詩以及民謠形式的詩和抒情詩。有對詩壇充斥的嬌柔造作表示毫無偏見的嘆息，也有對統(tǒng)治地位的理性法則充滿輕視，還有贊同伊麗莎白時期清新的詩歌。Acollectionoflyricalpoems,whicharehighlymusical.Blake'sdistinctivethemesofloveandjealousy,togetherwithveryearlyversionsofsomeofhismythologicalfigures,canbeglimpsedinthedelicatelyconstructedsongs.76PoeticalSketches12-20歲之間寫作的詩。SongsofInnocence

IntheintroductionofSongsofInnocence,thepoetcompareshimselftoalaughingchilduponacloud.

SongsofInnocencecontainspoemsinwhichwecanseepicturesofmerrynatureandinnocentchildren.Usingalanguagewhichevenlittlebabiescanlearnbyheart.

77SongsofInnocenceInthealaughingchilduponacloud78alaughing

Intheintroductionof

SongsofExperience,thepoetbecomes“thelapsed流失的Soulweepingintheeveningdew”.InSongsofExperienceBlakedrewpicturesofneedinessanddistressandshowedthesufferingsofthepoor.79IntheintroductionofSSomebest-knownpoems《天真之歌》和《經驗之歌》中最著名的一些詩篇TheLittleBlackBoy《黑小孩》TheChimneySweeper《掃煙囪的孩子》TheLamb《羊羔》TheTiger《老虎》AhSunflower!《啊，向日葵！》London《倫敦》

80Somebest-knownpoems《天真之歌》和《TheTiger81TheTiger12AhSunflower！AhSunflower,wearyoftime,Whocountestthestepsofthesun;SeekingafterthatsweetgoldenclimeWherethetraveller'sjourneyisdone;WheretheYouthpinedawaywithdesire,Andthepalevirginshroudedinsnow,Arisefromtheirgraves,andaspireWheremySunflowerwishestogo!82AhSunflower！AhSunflower,wea《啊，向日葵》啊，向日葵！懷著對時間的厭倦整天數(shù)著太陽的腳步．它尋求甜蜜而金色的天邊——倦旅的旅途在那兒結束；那兒，少年因渴望而憔悴早殤，蒼白的處女蓋著雪的尸布，都從他們墳中起來向往——向著我的向日葵要去的國度。（飛白譯）83《啊，向日葵》啊，向日葵！懷著對時間的厭倦14AuguriesofInnocenceToseeaWorldinaGrainofSandAndaHeaveninaWildFlower,HoldInfinityinthepalmofyourhandAndEternityinanhour.84AuguriesofInnocenceToseea天真的預示一顆沙里看出一個世界，一朵野花里一座天堂，把無限放在你的手掌上，永恒在一剎那里收藏。梁宗岱譯85天真的預示16掃煙囪孩子（一）

選自《天真之歌》（卞之琳譯）

我母親死的時候，我還小得很，我父親把我拿出來賣給了別人，我當時還不大喊得清“掃呀，掃，”我就掃你們煙囪，裹煤屑睡覺。有個小托姆，頭發(fā)卷得像小羊頭，剃光的時候，哭得好傷心，好難受，我就說：“小托姆，不要緊，光了腦袋，大起來煤屑就不會糟蹋你白頭發(fā)。”86掃煙囪孩子（一）

選自《天真之歌》（卞之琳譯）

17他就安安靜靜了，當天夜里，托姆睡著了，事情就來得稀奇，他看見千千萬萬的掃煙囪小孩阿貓阿狗全都給鎖進了黑棺材。后來來了個天使，拿了把金鑰匙，開棺材放出了孩子們（真是好天使！）他們就邊跳，邊笑，邊跑過草坪，到河里洗了澡，太陽里曬得亮晶晶。87他就安安靜靜了，當天夜里，18光光的，白白的，把袋子都拋個一地，他們就升上了云端，在風里游戲；“只要你做個好孩子，”天使對托姆說，“上帝會做你的父親，你永遠快樂?！蓖心肪托蚜耍晃葑永锖诠韭∵?，我們就起來拿袋子、掃帚去做工。大清早盡管冷，托姆的心里可溫暖；這叫做：各盡本分，就不怕災難。88光光的，白白的，把袋子都拋個一地，19

TheChimneySweeper(II)

AlittleblackthingamongthesnowCrying‘weep,weep”innotesofwoe!“Wherearethyfather&mother?say?”“Theyarebothgoneuptothechurchtopray.”89TheChimneySweeper(II)Al“BecauseIwashappyupontheheath,Andsmil’damongthewinter’ssnow;Theyclothedmeintheclothesofdeath,Andtaughtmetosingthenotesofwoe.“AndbecauseIamhappy,&dance&sing,Theythinktheyhavedonemenoinjury,AndaregonetopraiseGod&hisPriest&King,Whomakeupaheavenofourmisery”.90“BecauseIwashappyupontheProse:

TheMarriageofHeavenandHell

(1790)

《天堂與地獄的聯(lián)姻》

TheFrenchRevolution《法國大革命》179191Prose:

TheMarriageofHeavProse：TheMarriageofHeavenandHell

(1790)

《天堂與地獄的聯(lián)姻》--想象力的贊美詩

AproseworkisimportantforitsexpressionofBlake'sspiritofrevoltagainstoppression.Hemaintainslibertyagainstthelawofbourgeoissociety.

布萊克對當時所有的政府、道德以及宗教法規(guī)進行抨擊批判。92Prose：TheMarriageofHeavenBlake’sEtchings(蝕刻畫)Thelover’swhirlwindForDante’swork

ThegreatreddragonandthewomanclothedwithSunfortheBible93Blake’sEtchings(蝕刻畫)TheloverTheGoodandtheBadAngels94TheGoodandtheBadAngels25WilliamBlake1757-1827ElohimcreatingAdam179595WilliamBlake1757-1827EloDanteandVergilTheDivineComedy96DanteandVergil27Blake’sliteraryachievements

1.Asymbolist,oramystic神秘主義者;manypoemsareobscureandcanbeinterpretedonlysymbolically.2.Hislyricpoetrydisplaysthecharacteristicsoftheromanticspirit.(visualimages,imagination)3.Naturalsentiment憐憫之情andindividualoriginalityofhispoems.97Blake’sliteraryachievements4.圖、文結合：詩中有畫，畫中有詩Mostofhisworksweredesignedandproducedasmultimedia,combiningverbalandvisualmodesofexpressionwithinnovativetechnologicalmethodsofengravingandprinting”.--StephenMarx2.“BlakeisconsiderednotonlyamajorEnglishwriterbutanimportantfigureinthehistoryofart藝術史上的重要人物.984.圖、文結合：詩中有畫，畫中有詩29

Pre-romanticism

WhendidPre-romanticismappear?inthelatterhalfofthe18thcenturyWhatarethemainfeaturesofPre-romanticism?RomanticRevival;StrongprotestagainstthebondageofClassicismClaimsofpassionandemotionRenewedinterestsinmedievalliterature99Pre-romanticismWhendidP

Pre-romanticismWhoaretherepresentatives?WilliamBlakeandRobertBurnsWhat’sthesignificance?markedthedeclineofclassicismpavedthewayforthecomingofromanticisminEngland100Pre-romanticismWhoarether

AnalysisofLondonStructure1RhymeScheme2paraphrase&translation3theme4101AnalysisoLondonIwanderthro’eachcharter’dstreet,Nearwherethecharter’dThamesdoesflow.AndmarkineveryfaceImeetMarksofweakness,marksofwoe.IneverycryofeveryMan,IneveryInfantscryoffear,Ineveryvoice:ineveryban,Themind-forg’dmanaclesIhear102LondonIwanderthro’eachcharHowtheChimney-sweeperscryEveryblack’ningChurchappalls,AndthehaplessSoldierssighRunsinblooddownPalacewallsButmostthro’midnightstreetsIhearHowtheyouthfulHarlotscurseBlaststhenew-bornInfantstearAndblightswithplaguestheMarriagehearse

103HowtheChimney-sweeperscry3I.StructureStanzas1-3:themiseriesofpeoplethatthepoetsawandheardindaytimeStanza4:themiseriesofpoeplethatthepoetsawandheardatnight104I.StructureStanzas1-3:theII.rhymeschemeTherhymeschemeofthispoemis:abab105II.rhymeschemeTherhymeschecharteredstreets106charteredstreets37charteredThames107charteredThames381.charter’d=chartered–monopolized被壟斷了的；當時英國資本主義工商業(yè)已相當發(fā)達，許多大公司企業(yè)獲得了專利權。倫敦大街及泰晤士河上航運均為大資本家控制2.theThames(River)泰晤士河；3.mark(s)–1)vt.notice/see注意/看到,2)n.signs/traces痕跡/跡象；4.weakness–fatigue,tiredness(physical);woe–(mentaloremotional)grief;5.themind-forg’dmanacles—(由)精神（鑄造的）枷鎖；manaclesmadebythemindIII.Paraphrase1081.charter’d=chartered–monmanacles枷鎖109manacles枷鎖40chimney-sweepers110chimney-sweepers416.theChimney-sweeper–Inthe18thcenturysmallboys,sometimesnomorethan4or5yearsold,wereemployedtoclimbupthenarrowchimneysandcleaninside,collectingthesoot煙灰inbags.Suchboys,sometimessoldtothemastersweepersbytheirparentsowingtopoverty,weremiserablytreatedbytheirmastersandoftensuffereddiseaseandphysicalinjuries.1116.theChimney-sweeper–Inthchurches112churches437.theChimney-sweeper'scryCry=Weep哭泣implyingsadness,sorrowandweepingtearsoftheboysCry=“Sweep”大喊“掃煙囪啰!”8.blackeningchurch:thechurchesturnedblackbecauseoftheburningofcoals."Black"impliedthattheclergymenarehypocriticalandcorrupted.9.thechurchappals:theclergymanappalsatthecryoftheboys(TheclergymanhiredtheboystocollectthesootarousedthedisgustofthepoetBlake)1137.theChimney-sweeper'scry44

17101837BuckinghamPalaceofvariousagesnow11417101837Bu

FiveSensesofHumanBeingsSenseofhearing聽覺Senseofsight視覺Senseoftaste味覺Senseofsmelling嗅覺Senseoftouch觸覺115FiveSense

10.thehaplessSoldiersigh—theunluckysoldierwhowaswoundedorevencrippledinthewarfordefendingthestate/monarchbutnowisdesertedbythecountryandhastobegforhislivingoutsidethepalacesincehecannotfindanyjobasadisabledperson.11.runinblooddownthepalacewall:thesoldier'sbloodrunsdownthepalacewallSynesthesiaisusedinthesetwolines.通感,聯(lián)覺themixtureuseofSenseofHearing（eg.sigh)聽覺andSenseofSight(eg.blood)視覺11610.theha12.“Palacewalls":acontrast

inside–grandballs,luxuriousbanquets,etc.ofthecourt&theroyalfamilyoutside–thecrippledsoldiersaresufferingfromthebleedingwoundandhunger13.theyouthfulharlot—theyoungprostitute妓女14.

theyouthfulHarlotscurseblaststhenew-bornInfantstear:

theyoungprostitutescursethemenwhobroughtvenerealdiseasetothemandtheircursefrightensthenew-bornbabiesfromcrying.11748

15.thenew-borninfantstear:thenew-bornbabiescrybecauseofthediseasetheygetwhentheywereborn16.blights—damages/undermines17.plagues:thevenerealdiseasecausedbyprostitution(whoring)賣淫性病(如梅毒syphilis)病菌造成的胎兒先天性失明18.theMarriagehearse—turnedthemarriageintoafuneral,implyinganemotionaldeath:lovelessmarriagebasedonmoneyleadingtoextra-maritalsex

hearse:thevehicletocarrydeadpeople靈車11815.thene

19.ThedescriptionofthesethreekindsofpeopleisthecriticismofthethreemajorinstitutionsofEngland1)Thereligioussystem:

thehypocrisyoftheclergymeninthechurchesisexposedbythechimneys