2019屆上海市虹口區(qū)高三上學期期中考試英語試題

2018-2019虹口區(qū)復(fù)興中學高三英語第一學期期中試卷英語試卷(考試時間120分鐘；滿分140分)第I卷(共100分)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblackstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblackwiththepaperformofthegivenword:fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.In1915,MauriceE.McLoughlin,awell-knowntennisplayer,publishedaninstructionalautobiography21(call) TennisasIPlayedIt.Twoyearsearlier,McLoughlinhadbecomethefirstAmericanfinalistattheWimbledontournamentinEnglandandtennisfanswereexcitedtouncoverthesecretsofhissuccess.AnticipationforMcLoughlin'sstorygrewevenmorein1914.Winninganumberofmajortournamentsthatyear,he22(declare)theNumber1tennisplayerintheworld.WhenTennisasIPlayIt23comeoutin1915,noonehadanyreasontosuspectthatitmighthavebeenwrittenby24else.However, theauthorofTennisasIPlaywasnotMcLoughlinatall,buttheas-yetunknownnovelistSinclair,hisghostwriter.Why,then,isTennisasIPlayItconsideredthetennisplayer 'sbook?Aghostwriterisanauthorwhowritesatextthatisofficiallycreditedtoanotherauthor,andthehistoryofsuchpracticesis 25(long)thanwemightexpect.Inotherwords,TennisasIPlayItwasnotthefirstfamousghostwrittenbook,anditwon'tbethelast.Ghostwritercanhappenforanumberofreasons,and26itsmeritsaredebatable,itremainsanacceptablepracticeinthepublishingworld.Someintheindustrysuggestthatasmanyashalfofnon-fictionbooksarewrittenwithhelpformghostwriter.Today,ghostwriting27takeanumberofdifferentforms.Itisperhapsmostprominentintheautobiographiesandmemoriesofcelebrities.Isthepracticerestricted28celebrityautobiographiesandmemories?No,practicerestricted28celebrityautobiographiesandmemories?No,manypopularsongsghostwritingisequallyprominentinlesser-knownspheresaswell.Politicalspeeches,forexample,areoftencreditedtothepoliticianwhodeliversthem,andthenthatpoliticianjustreadsthespeechfromateleprompter.Inaddition,claimapopularsingerorperformerassongwriter;thereforetheyhavebeenshapedmanypopularsongs29morebyaproducerthanbyanyofthecreditedsongwriters.29Ghostwriting--whetherweapproveofornot--ishere(stay).SometimesasinthecaseofSinclairLewis,theghostwriterswilleventuallybecomefamousauthorsintheirownright.Muchmoreoften,wearemovedbythewritingofauthors30nameswewillneverlearn.SectionBDirections:Completethepassagewiththewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.connectionB.analyzeC. D.hints E.actuallyF.emphasizeGlikely Hidealized Ilast Jdetected Knegative Whenwemeetsomeoneforthefirsttime,weusuallygetavaguesenseofwhatkindofpersontheyarebythewaytheyshakehands,talk,orwalk.Intheageofsocialnetworking.however,firstimpressionsaresometimesmadeevenbeforewe31meetsomeoneinperson--thatis,bylookingattheirprofilephoto.Accordingtoarecentstudy,thesesocialimagessayalotaboutourpersonality.Inthestudy,resentedinapaperattheInternationalAAAIConferenceonWebandSocialMedia,agroupofresearchersfromtheUniversityofPennsylvaniaintheUSusedsoftwareto32theprofilepicturesof66,000usersofUSsocialplatformTwitterand3,200oftheirtweets.Atthesametime,about434participantswereaskedtocompleteasurveyabouttheirpersonalitytype.Theresearcherswantedtofindoutiftherewasa33betweenpersonalitytraits--likeopenness,extroversion,andneuroticism--andaperson'sprofilepicture.Accordingtothe results,openpeoplearemore 34toposeinanunusualwayanduseobjectssuchasglassesoraguitarintheirprofilephotobecausetheyenjoynewandexcitingexperiences.Meanwhile,neuroticpeopleoftenholdbacktheir35emotions.Theytrytoavoidshowingtheirface;instead,theyuseanimageofsomethinglikeapet,acarorabuilding.That'sbecauseneuroticpeoplearestrongly 36bythe“strongsocialnormagainstaverysadorangryappearanceinprofilepictures,“DanielPreoiuc-PietrofromtheUniversityofPennsylvaniawroteintheresearchpaper.Apartfromtheobjectsinprofilepictures,thecolorsusedinthemalsogiveussome37about thephoto'sowner.Forexample,extravertswerefoundtohavethemostcolorfulprofileimages,astheywantto 38 theirpersonalityandshowthemselvesoff,theresearcherswrote.Althoughsocialmediaphotosausuallyrepresentanextensionofone'sself,theyalsoallowausertoshapehisorherownpersonalityand39view,“accordingtotheresearchers.So,whenchoosingaprofilephoto,maybeweshouldaskourselvesfirstwhatkindofimagewe'dliketoconvey.Afterall,firstimpressionsalways40III.ReadingConprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasesthatbestfitsthecontext.

HowArtsPromoteOurEconomy41 inWhenmostpeoplethinkofthearts,theyimaginetheendproduct,thebeautiful41 inpainting,awonderfulpieceofmusic,oranaward-winning

thetheater.Butartsgroupsbringbroadervaluetoourcommunities.Theeconomicnearly$40,000inpublicandprivatesectorsupportduringthetwo-yearimpactoftheartsisoften42impactoftheartsisoften42andbadlyjudged.Theartscreatejobsthathelpdevelopthe43.Anygivenperformancetakesatourbusfullofartists,technicalexperts,mangers,musicians,orwriterstocreatea(n) 44_ pieceofart.Thesepeopleearnalivingwagefortheirprofessionalknowledgeandskills.Anothergroupoffolksisneededtohelpmarkettheevent.Ifyoubuildittheywill come“isamisleadingbelief.Painters,digital mediaexperts,photographers,bookingagentsandpromotersarehiredtosellticketsand 45theevent.AccordingtotheDallasAreaCulturalTheartscreatejobsthathelpdevelopthe43.Anygivenperformancetakesatourbusfullofartists,technicalexperts,mangers,musicians,orwriterstocreatea(n) 44_ pieceofart.Thesepeopleearnalivingwagefortheirprofessionalknowledgeandskills.Anothergroupoffolksisneededtohelpmarkettheevent.Ifyoubuildittheywill come“isamisleadingbelief.Painters,digital mediaexperts,photographers,bookingagentsandpromotersarehiredtosellticketsand 45theevent.AccordingtotheDallasAreaCulturalAdvocacyCoalition,artsagenciesemploymorethan10,000peopleasfull-orpart-timeemployeesorindependent46.A47Iartsneighborhoodscreatesarippleeffect (連鎖反應(yīng))throughoutacommunity.In2005,whentheBishopArtsTheatrewasdonatedtoourtown,thelocationwasconsideredapoorareaoftown.Afterinvestingmorethan51millionin48thebuilding,webeganproducingafullseasonoftheaterperformances,jazzconcerts,andyear-roundartseducationprogramsin2008.Nearly40percentofjazzloversliveoutsideoftheDallascitylimitsanddriveorflyintoenjoyaneveningintheBishopArtsDistrict.Nodoubtthetheaterhas49theareasdevelopmentandeconomicgrowth.Today,therearegalleries,studios,restaurantsandnewlybuiltworkspaceswhereneighborsshareexperiences,wherethereisrenewedlifeandenergy.50,artsandculturealsoserveasapublicgood.TecoTheatricalProductionInc.madeuseofBloomberg'sinvestmentof$35,000togetperiod.Further,Dallasartsandarts-basedbusinessproduce$298foreverydollarthecityspendsonartsprogrammingandfacilities.InPhiladelphia,ametroareasmallerthanDallas,theartshaveaneconomicimpactofalmost$3millionandsupport44,000jobs,80percentofwhichactuallylie 51theartsindustry,includingaccountants,marketers,constructionworkers,hotelmanagers,printers,andotherkindsofartworkers.Theartsareefficienteconomic52andwhentheyaresupported,theentiresmall-businesscommunity53 」 Itiswrongto54artsgroupscannotmakeaprofit.Butinordertostayinbusiness,artsgroupsmustproducereturns.Ifyouareastudentstudyingthearts,chancesareouhavebeenill-advisedtohaveaplanB.Butthosewho55understandtheeconomicimpact andcanworktochangethepatternscancreateawiderangeofcareerpossibilities.A.performancesB.preservationC.projectD.rehearsalA.regardedB.confusedC.informedD.overlookedA.ideaB.economyC.financeD.cultivationA.reliableB.accessible C.appealingD.fragileA.organizeB.promoteC.deliverD.opposeA.contractorsB.participantsC.activistsD.residentsA.delightful B.specificC.successful D.supportive49.A.relatedtoA.removingB.transferring C.reformingD.reconstructing49.A.relatedtoB.contributedtoC.opposedtoD.objectedto50.A.InthiswayOntheotherhandAfterallD.Asopposedto50.A.InthiswayOntheotherhandAfterallD.AsopposedtoA.insideB.outsideC.withinD.amongA.designsB.indicatorsC.driversD.expertsA.insideB.outsideC.withinD.amongA.designsB.indicatorsC.driversD.experts53.A.benefitsB.possessesC.strandsD.imposes53.A.benefitsB.possessesC.strandsD.imposes54.A.present54.A.presentB.challengeC.resembleD.assumeA.extremelyB.trulyCcurrentlyD.sociallySectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Called‘themanwhoshapedAmerica’and‘thefathermodernindustrialdesign’,RaymondLoewymustbeoneofthemostinfluentialdesignerofalltime.Herevolutionizedtheindustry,workingasaconsultantformorethan200companiesandcreatingdesignsforeverythingfrompackagingtorefrigerators,fromcarstotheinteriorsofspacecraft.Loewy’sdesignallhadonethingincommon.TheywereshapedbytheMAYAprinciple--MostAdvancedYetAcceptable.Hisideawasthatpeoplewillnotacceptsolutionstodesignproblemsifthesolutionsaretoodifferentfromcurrentdesigns.Afterashortperiodasafashionillustrator,Loewystarted hiscareerinindustrialdesignin1929byre-designingacopyingmachinefortheBritishmanufacturer,SigmundGestetner.The28-years-olddesignercompletedthetaskinthreedaysandthedesignofthemachinelastedforthenext40years.TheGestetnerduplicatorwasthebeginningofmanydesignwhichusedstreamlining.Hedescribedthisas“beautythroughfunctionandsimplification”.Hespentthenext50yearsstreamliningeverythingfrompostagestampsandcompanylogostotheinteriorsofstores.ThefamousGreyhoundbusandStudebakercarshowhisuseofstreamlininginaction.Heisperhapsmostfamousforhisre-designoftheLuckyStrikepackaging.In1940,thePresidentoftheLuckyStrikeManufacturingCompany,GoergeWashingtonHill,beLoewy$50,000thathecouldnotimprovetheappearanceofthegreenandredLuckyStrike.Loewyacceptedthechallenge.Hechangedthebackgroundofthepacketfromgreentowhite.Thenheputtheredluckystriketargetonbothsidesofthepacket.Thismadeitmoreeye-catchingandgreatly increasedsales.Itisnowrecognizedasadesignclassic.Lowey'slogodesignaimedat “Visualretention”.Hewantedtomakesurethatanyonewhosawthelogo,evenforeashortwhile,wouldneverforgetit.HedesignedmanyhighlyvisiblelogosforfamouscompaniessuchasShellOil,Exxon,GreyhoundandNabisco.Bythemid20thcentury,hisindustrialdesignfirmwassofamousthathecouldsay'theaverageperson,leadinganormallifeloseisboundtobeindaily contactwithsomeofthethings,serviceorstructur e'designedbyhisfirm.Loewy'sbiggestinfluencewasin .A.completelychangingtheindustryB.successfullyshapingAmericans'tasteC.changingpeople'sideaaboutdesignD.buildingaprofessionaldesignteamLoewy'sdesignswerebasedontheideaof.A.offeringoriginalbutnotrevolutionaryanswerstoproblemsB.providingcompletelydifferentdesignC.providingmostimmediatelyrecognizabledesignsD.speedingupthedesignprocessThewordaretention”(inparagraph6)mostprobablymeans_.A.keeping B.escaping C.forgetting D.rememberingWhatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Loewyprovidedservicetoordinarypeople.B.Loewy'sdesignwerefamousandinfluential.C.Loewy'sdesignfirmsexistedallovertheworld.D.Loewywaswelcomedandrespectedbythepublic.(B)Professionalsportspeoplewillgotoextraordinarylengthstogainanedgeovertheiropponents,Butwhatreallyworks?CashewnutsKellyHolmes,Britain'sdouble-Olympicgoldmedalist,saidcashewnutswerehersecretsweaponattheAthensOlympics.'Cashewnutsaremylittlesecret, 'shesaid,addingthattheyhelpedtoboostherpowersofrecoverysoshewasfullyExpertVerdict:'Allnutsarearichsourceofdietaryprotein--neededtoenhancetherecoveryprocessofmusclesafter intenseactivity,'says JeanetteCrosland,consultant dietician totheFancycontactlensesDevelopedovereightyears,theMaxSightcontactlensisdesignedspecificallytoimprovethesharpnessofanathlete'svision.ThelensesarecurrentlybeingtestedbyACMilanplayersandusewhatBritishOlympicAssociation.ExpertVerdict:'Theycouldofferanadvantageovernormallensesforsportbyreducingtheglareoflightandsun,'sayLouiseSutton,principallecturerinHealthand^h^^^^^^^^^evetopet^^^^^^^^^caTi^^^^-^^^^^Ltgh^"NasalstripsTheylooklikestickingplasters andweredevelopedtohelppeoplewithhealthproblemslikeexcessivesnoring,butinrecentyearsBreatheRightnasalstripshavegainedinpopularity amongExeicisescienceatLeedsMeuopolitanExpertVerdict:'Duringexercisewhenwebeginbreathingharder,theaircominginispredominantlysuppliedviathemouth,'saysSutton,'ItmayimproveairflowthroughthenasalLcwoxygententsExposuretothin,mountainairhaslongbeenknowntobenefitcompetitorsinenduranceeventslikecyclingandrunningExpertVerdict:StephenDay,anexercisephysiologistatStaffordShireUniversity,carried outlow-oxygententstostimulatethiseffect.severalmonthsofsleepingin 1 i1 I_1 alow-oxygentent,hesays.Thepassagetalksmainlyabout.A.thefoodsathleteseattoenhancetheirstrengthB.theapproachesathletestaketoimprovetheirperformanceC.thewaysinwhichexpertstrytohelpathletesdobetterincompetitionsD.themethodsbywhichmanufacturespromotetheirproductstoathletesTheeffectsofhaven'tbeenprovedscientifically.A.cashesnuts B.fancycontactlensesC.nasalstrips D.lowoxygententsWhichofthefollowingtoolsmayhelpamarathonrunnertoagreatextent?A.Cashewnutsandfancycontactlenses.B.Fancycontactlensesandnasalstrips.C.Nasalstripsandlowoxygentents.D.Lowoxygententsandcashewnuts.（0Childrenasyoungastenarebecomingdependentonsocialmediafortheirsenseofself-worth,amajorstudywarned.Itfoundmanyyoungstersnowmeasuretheirstatusbyhowmuchpublicapprovaltheygetonline,oftenthrough "like”.Somechangetheirbehaviorinreallifetoimprovetheirimageontheweb.Thereportintoyoungstersagedfrom8to12wascarriedoutbyChildrenCommissioner（專員）AnneLongfield.Shesaidsocialmediafirmswereexposingchildrentomajoremotionalrisks,withsomeyoungstersstartingsecondaryschoolill-equippedtocopewiththetrenmendouspressuretheyfacedonline.Somesocialappswerepopularamongthechildreneventhoughtheysupposedlyrequireuserstobeatleast13.Theyoungstersadmittedplanningtripsaroundpotentialphoto-opportunitiesandthenmassaging friends--and friendsoffriends--todemand “l(fā)ikes”fortheironlineposts.Thereportfoundthatyoungstersfelttheirfriendshipscouldbeatriskiftheydidnotrespondtosocialmediapostsquickly,andaroundtheclock.Childrenaged8to10were“startingtofeelhappy”whenotherslikedtheirposts.However,thoseinthe10to12agegroupwere“concernedwithhowmanypeopleliketheirposts”,suggestinga“need”forsocialrecognitionthatgetsstrongertheoldertheybecome.MissLongfieldwarnedthatagenerationofchildrenriskedgrowingup“worriedabouttheirappearanceandimageasaresultoftheunrealisticlifestylestheyfollowonplatforms,andincreasinglyanxiousaboutswitchingoffduetotheconstantdemandsofsocialmedia.Shesaid:“Children areusingsocialmediawithfamilyandfriendsandtoplaygameswhentheyareinprimaryschool.Butwhatstartsasfunusageofappsturnsintotremendouspressureinrealsocialmediainteractionatsecondaryschool.”Astheirworldexpanded.Shesaid,childrencomparedthemselvestoothersonlineinawaythatwas “hugelydamaginginternsoftheirself-identity,internsoftheirconfidence,butalsointermsoftheirabilitytodevelopthemselves .”MissLongfieldadded:“Thenthereisthispushtoconnect--if yougooffline,willyoumisssomething,willyoumissout,willyoushow thatyoudon’tcareaboutthosepeopleyouarefollowing,allofthosecometogetherinahugewayat once.”“Forchildrenitisvery,verydifficulttocopewithemotionally.”TheChildren’sCommissionerforEngland’sstudy--lifeinLikes --foundthatchildrenasyoungas8wereusingsocialmediaplatformslargelyforplay.

However,the research-invokingeightgroupsof32childrenaged8toHowever,the research-invoking12--suggestedthatastheyheadedtowardtheirteens,theybecameincreasinglyanxiousonline.Bythetimetheystartedsecondaryschool--atage11--childrenwerealreadyfarmoreawareoftheirimageonlineandfeltunderhugepressuretoensuretheirpostswerepopular,thereportfound.However,theystilldidnotknowhowtocopewithmean-spiritedjokes,orthesenseofincompetencetheymightfeeliftheycomparedthemselvestocelebrities （名人）ormorebrilliantfriendsonline.Thereportsaidtheyalsofacedpressuretorespondtomessagesatallhoursoftheday--especiallyatsecondaryschoolwhenmoreyoungstershavemobilephones.TheChildren'sCommissionersaidschoolsandparentsmustnowdomoretopreparechildrenfortheemotionalminefieldtheyfacedonline.Andshesaidsocialmediacompaniesmustalso“takemoreresponsibility”.Theyshouldeithermonitortheirwebsitesbettersothatchildrendonosignuptooearly,ortheyshouldadjusttheirwebsites totheneedsofyoungerusers.JavedKhan,ofchildren'scharityBamardo's,said:"It'svitalthatnewcompulsoryage-appropriaterelationshipandsexeducationlessonsinEnglandshouldhelpequipchildrentodealwiththegrowingdemandsofsocialmedia.”"It'salsohugelyimportantforparentstoknowwhichappstheirchildrenareusing.Whydidsomesecondaryschoolstudentsfeeltoomuchpressure?A.Theywerenotprovidedwithadequateequipment.B.Theywerenotwellpreparedforeemotionalrisks.C.Theywererequiredtogivequickresponses.D.Theywerepreventedfromusingmobilephones.SomesocialappcompaniesweretoblamebecauseA.theydidntadequatelychecktheirusersregistrationB.theyorganizedphototripstoattractmoreyoungstersC.theyencouragedyoungsterstopostmorephotosD.theydidn'tstopyoungstersfromstayinguplateChildren'scomparingthemselvestoothersonlinemayleadto _.A.lessfriendlinesstoeachotherB.lowerself-identityandconfidenceC.anincreaseinonlinecheatingD.astrongerdesiretostayonlineWhatshouldparentsdotosolvetheproblem?A.Communicatemorewithsecondaryschools.B.Urgemediacompaniestocreatesaferapps.C.Keeptrackofchildren'suseofsocialmedia.D.Forbidtheirchildrenfromvisitingtheweb.SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Ifshegetscaught,shewouldreceiveafailinggrade,ormaybeslowingoutofschool.B.Thisuncertaintyispartlybecauseofthefactthatstandardsarechanging.C.Honorcodescanbeboastsacarrotandastick.D.Educatorssaythatthesimpleactofstudentssingingthehonorcodemakesadifference.E.Aculturewherepeoplearegenuinelyoffendedbycheatinghavetobebuilt.F.Furthermore,studentsoftendonotunderstandexactlywhatconstitutescheating.Manycollegestudentstodaystrugglewithcheating.TheInternetoffersmanytemptations--therearetermpapersforsalealongwitharticlesandnewsreportsthatcanbecopiedforfreewiththeclickofamouse.Itisnotsurprisingthatcheatingissometimesdifficulttoresist.67 .PollySanders,astudentatasmallliberalartscollege,knowsthathandinginapaperfromtheInternetisplagiarism.Butwhataboutusingaparagraph?Sheadmitsthatshehasoftentakenaparagraphandchangedafewwordstomakeit"her"ownwork.Thatisnotplagiarizing,isit?Pollymaynotknowit,butaccordingtohercollege,itis.Pollyisnottheonlystudentwhoisn 'tsurewhatischeatingandwhatisnot 68.A2001surveybytheCenterforAcademicIntegrityshowscheatingisbecomingacceptable.Thesurveyfoundthat41percentofthestudentsbelievethatplagiarismiscommon.Perhapsmostworryingwasthe27percentw