英新視野視聽說第二版第三冊聽力文本和標準答案

Unit1EnjoythecolorfulcampusP3II.BasicListeningPracticeScriptW:Haveyouchosenyourelectivesfornextsemesteryet?AreyoutakingFrenchwritingagain?M:sI,butsyforusnext.oIkI’mgongodoretingasanelectiveinstead.Q:Whichclasswillthemanchooseashiselective?ScriptM:DidyougotothatbusinessstrategylectureonFriday?Imisseditandneedtocopyyournotes.W:I’dsayyoucouldborrowmynotes,butSarah’sgotthem.BecarefulnottomissProfessorBrown’sseminar;hetakesattendanceinthat.Q:Whatisthewomantellingtheman?ScriptW:Wow,Steven!Inthelibrary!Whatbringsyouhere?M:I’menjoyingtheview.AllthegirlsinfashiondesignareherepreparingforanexamonMonday.Q:Whyisthemaninthelibrary?ScriptW:How’syourgroupdoingwiththisstatisticspresentation?Mine’sterrible.M:Yeah,minetoo.DavidandMikeareOK,butStevendoesn’tpullhisweightandSuzie’sneveraround.Idon’tseehowwecanpassunlessStevenandSuzierealizethatthisistheirlastchance.Q:WhatisthetrueofStevenandSuzie?ScriptW:YoutookanMBAatHarvardBusinessSchool,didn’tyou?What’sitlike?M:It’sexpensive,aboutU.S.$40,000ayear,plusthecostsoffoodandhousing.Buttheteachingisfirstclass.Theprofessorshavealotofpracticalexperience.Theyusethecasesystemofteaching;thatis,youstudyhowactualbusinessesgreworfailed.Q:WhyisheMBAteachinginHarvardBusinessSchoolfirstclass,accordingtoconversation?Keys:1.C 2.D 3.B 4.D 5.AListeningInP4Task1:OntheFirstDayScriptHarrison:I’mHarrison.Goodtomeetyou.Soyou’veboughtthebooksforthisbiologyclass.Jenny: Sure,Ithinkeveryonehadtobeforeclassstarted.Harrison:No.Usuallynoonedoesmuchonthefirstdaybecauseit’sstilladd-drop.Jenny: What’sthat?Harrison:Changingfromclasstoclasstofindoutwhichoneisbest.Hey,whereareyoufrom?Jenny: Poland.Haveyouhadthisteacherbefore?I’veheardheisreallygood.Harrison:He’sgoodifyou’reahard-worker.Heexpectsalot.Jenny: Oh,Iguessthat’sgood.IhopeIcankeepupwitheveryoneelseintheclass.MaybeIneedyourhelpafterclass.Harrison:You’rewelcome.…Professor:Allright.Seeyouguysnextweek.Student:Seeyou.Jenny: Harrison,waitup!Harrison:Sowhatdoyouthinkabouttheprofessor’slecture?Jenny: Ithinkhalfofwhathesaidwentovermyhead.Harrison:That’sallright.Alotofwhathesaidisexplainedinthereading.Jenny: Hey,wouldyoumindifIborrowedyournotestonighttolookthemover?Harrison:Noproblem.Wedon’thaveclassuntilWednesday.Hereyougo.Jenny: Thanks.Ijustwanttomakesurepreparedfortheseminar.Harrison:Yeah,participationinthediscussionisanimportantpartoftheeducationhere.SeeingthatJennyhasboughtthebooksforthebiologyclass,Harrisonsaysnobodymuchonthefirstdaybecauseit’sstilladd-drop,whichmeansstudentsarechangingfromclasstoclass.Jennyknowstheprofessorisreallygood.ButHarrisonwarnsherthattheprofessorisgood,onlyifstudentsarehard-workers,forheexpectsalot.Afterclass,Jennyadmitsthathalfofwhattheprofessorsaidwentoverherhead,andHarrisonassuresherthatalotofwhattheprofessorsaidisexplainedinthereading.WhenJennyaskstoborrowHarrisonnotes,hesays“onproblem”,fortheydon’thaveclassuntilWednesday.Finally,Harrisonsaysparticipationinthediscussionattheseminarisimportantpartoftheeducationthere.P5Task2Howtoselectelectivecourses?Tobeginwith,youshouldselectthecoursesthatfityourprofession.Itisagoodideatochooseelectivecoursescloselyrelatedtoyourchosenprofession.Potentialemployerswillappreciateeverybitofextratrainingandknowledgethattheydon'thavetogiveyou.Forexample,youmayselectelectivecoursesinchemistry,biologyorevenphysicsifyouaredoingasciencemajor.Forbusinessmajors,selectelectivesinaccounting,businessadministration,andevencomputing,asyou'llneverknowwhenthesewillcomeinhandyinthecorporateworld.Moreover,youcanchooseaneducationthatincludesmanyfieldsofstudy.Ifyouaretakingaheavyloadofcareer-relatedcourses,youmaypreferelectivesthatarenotdirectlyrelatedtoyourmajor.Ifyoureceiveawell-roundededucation,someemployersbelievethatyouhavebetterpotential.Forexample,ifyouhavecoursesinsciencealongwithyourbusinessdegree,youcouldpossiblywinajoboversomeonewhomajoredpurelyinbusinesswithnooutsideelectives.Finally,youcanalsoselectachallengingelectivecourse.Partofgettinganeducationislearninghowtolearn,andelectivecoursesshouldhelpyouachievethisgoal.Youneednottomemorizealltheinformationfromeachclass,butyoushouldgetabetterunderstandingoftheworld.So,pickelectivecoursesthatchallengeyourbeliefsystemandmakeyoulookattheworldinadifferentway.Forinstance,youcanconsideraphilosophyelectiveifyouhavebeentoldthatyouarealittlenarrow-minded.P6Task3:HowtoGetStraightA’sScriptItisinterestingtonotehowstraightAstudentsachieveacademicexcellence.Here,accordingtoeducationexpertsandstudentsthemselves,arethesecretsofsuper-achievers.First,theyknowhowtosetpriorities.Topstudentsallownointrusionsonstudytime. Oncethebooksareopenorthecomputeristurnedon,phonecallsgounanswered,TVshowsunwatched,snacksignored.Studyisbusiness,andbusinesscomesbeforerecreation.Also,goodstudentscanstudyanywhereandeverywhere.ClaudiaHill,anArizonaUniversitybusinessprofessorrecallsacross-countryrunnerwhoworkedouteveryday.Hillpersuadedhimtousehissparetimetomemorizebiologyterm.Thenhepostedalistofbiologytermsonthemirrorinthebathroom.Helearnedafewtermseverydaywhilebrushinghisteeth.Eventually,hescoredhighonthefinalexamination.Moreover,topstudentsscheduletheirtimewell.Studytimesarestrictlyamatterofpersonalpreference.Someworklateatnightwhenthehouseisquiet.Othersawakeearly.Stillothersstudyassoonastheycomehomefromschoolwhentheworkisfreshintheirminds.Allagreed,however,ontheneedforconsistency.Astudentsays,“WhateverIwasdoing,Imaintainedacertainperiodoftimeeverydayforstudying.”Anotherimportantcharacteristicofsuper-achieversisthattheyknowhowtoread,AccordingtoabookentitledGettingStraightA’s,thesecretofgoodreadingistobe“anactivereaderonewhocontinuallyasksquestionsthatleadtoafullunderstandingoftheauthor’smessage”.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedaboutsuper—achieversstartingstudy?Whatdidthecross-countryrunnerdotoscorehighontheexam?Whatisthegoodthingalltopstudentsagreeon?Whatdoesthespeakermeanby“anactivereader”?Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?Keys:1B 2.C 3.D 4.A5.DSpeakingOutMODEL1 justgoingtohavestudyhardNora:Onlyourfirstdaybackatschool,andalreadyIfeellikeI’velearnedalot.Chris:Onlyourfirstdaybackatschool,andIalreadyfeellikeI’muptomyearsinhomework.Nora:You’regoingtohavetohitthebooksifyouwanttokeepyourgradesup.Chris:Tellmeaboutit!Ialreadyhavetworeports,twobooksreports,acomposition,anoralreport,andaresearchproject—allduebeforemidterms.Nora:Wecouldworktogether.Maybesomeofmyorganizedstudyhabitwouldruboffonyou.

Chris:Betteryet,maybeyoucoulddomyhomeworkforme.Nora:Forgetit!Thatwouldbecheating.Chris:Allright,allright.Ihaveyettowriteatermpaper.Canyourecommendanyarticlesandbooks?You’dbetterfindmetheexactpageswhereIcanfindwhatIwant.Nora:Youcouldborrowideasfromreferences,butifyouquotewithoutgivingthesources,you’replagiarizing.Chris:Thequiznextweekwillbeaheadache.Ifyoudon’thelpme,I’llhavetopreparesomestudysheetsandhidetheminmyhandwhenItakethetest.Nora:Oh,no!Ifyou’recaught,theprofessorwilldefinitelygive youanF.Probably,youwillhavetorepeattheyear.Chris:Allright,I’lltakeyouradvice.Thelibraryisgoingtobemynewhome,andinthedormI’llbeburningthemidnightoil.MODEL2 WhichclassdoyouScriptChris:FirstperiodismathwithMr.Woods.Idon’tknowhowamIgoingtostayawake?Nora:IlikeMr.Wood.He’sinteresting.Chris:He’sboring!Hecouldputtheentirebasketballteamtosleep—duringthechampionshipgame!Whodoyouhaveforeconomics?Nora:Mrs.Jenkins.She’ssmart.Studentsreallylearnalotfromher.Chris:She’stough!Youhavetoworkhardinherclass,oryou’llprobablyfail.Nora:Nopain,nogain.Chris:Nonsense,YoucouldhavelearnedevenmorewithMr.Sharp.Butnotmanystudentsoptforhisclass.Nora:What’swrongwithhim?Chris:Often,thehighestgradehegivesonatermpaperisC+,andheusuallyfailshalfofthestudents.Nora:Nowonderhe’sgotthenicknameMr.Shark.Well,howaboutPE?Whatareyoudoingthissemester?Chris:That’stheworstpart.InPE,we’relearningt’aichi.I’mboredtodeath.Nora:Ha-ha!Nottorubsaltintothewound,butourclassisplayingyourfavoritesport:basketball.Chris:Oh…thatfigures!Thisisgoingtobeaterriblesemester.Nora:Thisisgoingtobeagreatsemester!MODEL3 PublishorperishScriptChris: Tellus,ProfessorGrant,Whatareyourprimarydutiesasaprofessor?ProfessorGrant:Well,Idoalotofresearchandwriting.It’sroughbeinganassociateprofessor.It’spublishorperish.Chris: Soyouspentalotoftimeinyouroffice?ProfessorGrant:Yes,butIalsohavetoprepareclassnotes,givelectures,holdofficehours.Teachingisanimportantpartofbeingaprofessor.Chris: Withallthoseresponsibilities,youmustmakealotofmoney.ProfessorGrant:Iwish.Actually,Ispendalotoftomeapplyingforgrantstofundmyresearch.ThenIcanofferassistantshipsandscholarshipstotheworthygraduatestudentswhocanhelpmewithmyresearchproject.Chris: Iseewhytheycallyou“theboss”.Butbeingaprofessorsoundsprettycompetitive.ProfessorGrant:Actually,Ithinkyouwereinoneofmyclasses…Chris: Um….Ithinkyou’remistaken,ProfessorGrant!ProfessorGrant:No,Irememberveryclearlynow!Youowemeanessay!Chris: Sorry,IhavetoomuchworktodofortheStudentUnionNewsletter,andIhavetoworktwojobstopayforschool.ProfessorGrant:SoyougetanFinthiscourse.P14V.Let’sTalkMaintainingthequalityorincreasingtheintake?Interviewee:It'sareallydifficultbalancetostrike,actuallymaintainingthequalitymakingsureasmanyyoungpeopleaspossibleandolderpeopleaswell—there'sbeenasurgeinthenumberofover25sapplying,andwetakemanypeoplewhoareover25.Butwe'vegottogetthatbalanceright.It'sgoingtobeterriblydifficultforusnextyear.Hostess: Giventhecutsthatthegovernmentannouncedacoupleofweeksago,andnumbersthatweknowintermsofapplications,whereareyougoingtodrawthatline?Areyougoingtohavetolookatcuttingintakeinordertomaintainthequalityofthecourses?Interviewee:We'retryingnottocutintakeatthemoment.Butwhatitmeansiswe'regoingtohavetobeextra-cautiousinthenumberofofferswemake,becausewesimplycannotaffordtogooverourquotaofthenumberofplacesthatwecanoffer.Becauseifwedo,itmeansthatwecouldbefined,orwejustsimplyhaven'tgotenoughmoneytomakesurethestudents'experienceisright.Soitmeansthatmaybelastyearwewouldallowafewmorepeopletohaveanoffer.Thisyearisgoingtobetougher.Hostess: Doyoulaysomeoftheblameforthesituationatthedoorofthegovernment?Interviewee:IfyoulooktoFrance,Sarkozyisactuallyincreasingthebudgetforhighereducation.ObamaintheU.S.hasdonethesamething.Sowe'rejustslightlypuzzledastowhythegovernmentseemstobecuttingbackonhighereducationratherthanpumpingmoremoneyintowhatwethinkisaservicethatisabsolutelyvitalfortheeconomy.VI. FurtherListeningandSpeakingP.16Task1ProblemswithoureducationalsystemHi,everybody.Mytopictodayis“ProblemswithOurEducationalSystem”.TherearealotofthingsinoureducationalsystemthatIdon’tagreewith.Itseemsthateducatorsjustwanttogivestandardizedtests,whichfocusonlyonacademicperformancebutneglectstudents’abilitiesandinterestsinotherareas.Ithinkthere’realotofpeoplewhoareveryintelligent,buthaven’thadtheopportunitiestheycould’vehad,hadtheybeeneducatedinabroader-mindededucationalsystem.Ifeelthatalotofcoursesthatstudentsareforcedtotakeinhighschoolaretooacademic,and,asaresult,manykidslosttheirinterestinlearning.Educatorshavefailedtorecognizevariouskindsofintelligence.Theyoftenexertalotofpressureonstudentstobeaswell-roundedaspossible.Ithinkbeingwell-roundedisn’treallypossible.Andasaconsequence,somestudentswhoarebelievedtobeintelligentcan’tgetintogoodcollegesifthey,forexample,haven’tscoredwellonthemathsection,eveniftheyatebrilliantwriters.Anotherthingthatdisturbsmeisthattheso-called“weakstudents”areseparatedfromtherestoftheschool.Somekidsarekeptinaseparateclassiftheirgradesarelowerthenothers.Andthey’veveryawareoftheirsocialposition,youknow.Ithinkitcausesthemtoactinawaythatisnotreallypositive.They’rejustactinginawaythattheyareexpectedtoact.Oftentheirgradesgofrombadtoworse.Andthat’sprettysadtome.Ithinkthatmanyofthekidsinthoseclassesareintelligent,butneveractuallyrealizetheirpotentialbecauseofthewaytheyaretreatedveryearlyonintheireducation.ProblemsEducatorsjustwanttogivetests.Theyonlyfocusonacademicperformancebutneglectstudents’abilitiesandinterestsinotherareas.

ResultsKidsloseinterestinlearning.Educatorsoftenexertalotofpressureon Someintelligentkidscan’tentergoodstudentstobeaswell-roundedaspossible. colleges.“Weak”studentsareseparatedfromtherestoftheschool.

Theirgradesgofrombadtoworse.P16Task2:TheFinalExamScriptAtauniversity,therewerefoursophomorestakingachemistrycourse.Theyweredoingsowellonallthequizzes,midterms,labs,thateachhad“A”sofarforthesemester.Thesefourfriendsweresoconfidentthatontheweekendbeforefinals,theydecidedtogouptotheUniversityofVirginiaandpartywithsomefriendsthere.Theyhadagreattime,anddidn’tmakeitbacktoschooluntilearlyMondaymorning.Ratherthantakingthefinalthen,theydecidedtofindtheirprofessorafterthefinalexamandexplaintohimwhytheymissedit.Theyexplainedthattheyhadplannedtocomebackintimeforthefinalexam,but,unfortunately,theyhadaflattireonthewaybackanddidn’thaveaspare.Asaresult,theymissedthefinal.Theprofessorthoughtitoverandthenagreedtheycouldmakeupthefinalthefollowingday.Theguyswererelievedandelated.Thenextday,theprofessorplacedtheminseparaterooms,handedeachofthematestbooklet,andtoldthemtobegin.Theytookatthefirstproblem,worthfivepoints.Itwasasimplequestiononachemicalreaction.“Cool,”theythoughtatthesametime,eachoneinhisseparateroom,“Thisisgoingtobeeasy.”Eachfinishedtheproblemandthenturnedthepage.Onthesecondpagewasaquestionworth95points:“Whichofthetireswasflat?”P17Task3:HarvardUniversityScriptHarvardUniversityistheoldestinstituteofhighestlearningintheUnitedStates.Founded16yearsafterthearrivalofthePilgrimsatPlymouth,theuniversityhasgrownfrom9studentswithasinglemastertothepresentenrollmentofmorethan18,000students,includingundergraduatesandstudentsin10graduateandprofessionalschools.Over14,000peopleworkatHarvard,includingmorethan2,000faculties.HarvardhasproducedsixpresidentsoftheUnitedStatesand34NobelPrizewinners.Duringitsearlyyears,HarvardofferedaclassicacademiccoursebasedonthemodelofEnglishuniversities,butconsistentwiththeprevailingPuritanphilosophy.AlthoughmanyofitsearlygraduatesbecameministersinPuritanchurchesthroughoutNewEngland,theuniversitywasneverformallyaffiliatedwithaspecificreligiousgroup.UnderPresidentPusey(1953-1971),Harvardstartedwhatwasthenthelargestfund-raisingcampaigninthehistoryofAmericanhighereducation.Itwasan82.5milliondollarprogramfortheuniversity.Theprogramincreasedfacultysalaries,broadenedstudentaid,createdprofessorships,andexpandedHarvard’sphysicalfacilities.NeilL.RudenstinetookofficeasHarvard’s26thpresidentin1991.Aspartofanoverallefforttoachievegreatercoordinationamongtheuniversity’sschoolsandfaculties,RudenstineencouragedacademicplanningandidentifiedsomeofHarvard’smainintellectualpriorities.Healsostressedtheimportanceoftheuniversity’sexcellenceinundergraduateeducation,thesignificanceofkeepingHarvard’sdoorsopentostudentsfromfamiliesofdifferenteconomicbackgrounds,thetaskofadaptingtheresearchuniversitytoaneraofbothrapidinformationgrowthandseriousfundshortage.Whatismainideaofthepassage?HowmanyteachersdidHarvardhaveattheverybeginning?WhatwastheroleofreligionatHarvardUniversitywasduringisearlyyears?WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasanachievementofPresidentPusey’sfund-raisingprogram?WhatdidPresidentRudenstinedo?Keys:1.B2.A3.C4.D5.DP18ViewingandspeakingTask1UniversitybudgetcutsHost:Well,DavidLammy,theUniversityMinister,joinsmefromWestminster.Nowthanksforjoiningusthislunchtime,Mr.Lammy.Howdothesecuts...tieinwithyourmuchtrumpetedcommitmenttoincreasinghighereducation?Interviewee:Well,Ithinkit'simportanttoremindviewersthatwewillspendwellover12billionpoundsonhighereducationthisyearandtoalsosaythattherewillbemorestudentsatuniversitynextyearthaneverbeforeinourhistory.Butwhatisimportantisthatwhentheygettouniversity,isthattheyhavegoodfacilities,goodbuildings,thattheyhavegoodcontactwiththeirlecturersand,forstudentsfrompoorerbackgroundsthattheyreceiveagrant.Andyouknow40percentofstudentswhoaregoingtouniversityareinreceiptofsomegrants.Sowehavetoplan...Host:Butthere'sgoingtobelessmoneynextyear.That'sthebottomline,isn'tit?Interviewee:Er,weareaskinguniversitiestomakeaonepercentcutintheirteachinggrant.That's51millionoutofatotalbudgetofoverfivebillion.Look,IthinktherearefamiliesacrossthecountrypreparingforChristmasspendingabitlessandthey're,youknow,it'salotmorethanonepercentthatthey're,they'refeeling.SoIthinkthisisreasonabletoaskuniversitiesifwearetoensurethatwecancontinuetosendmoreyoungpeopletouniversityandweremaincommittedtothat.Host:Andbriefly,whataboutthesetwo-yeardegrees?Thisisareductioninstandards,isn'tit?Interviewee:Well,we,we,we...It'simportantinthiscountrythatwerememberthatstudentsaren'tjusttheclassic18-to21-year-oldundergraduates.Wewantmaturestudents.Wewantmoreparttimestudentsandoverthelastfewyearswe'vebeengrowingthenumberoffoundationdegree,two-yeardegreesthatensurethattransitionintohighuniversityandhighlevelskills.That'swhatwewanttosupportandthat'swhatwe'reindicatinginthegrantletterthatwe'vesenttouniversitiesoverthelastfewdays.Host:OK.DavidLammy,thankyousomuchforjoiningInterviewee:ThankyouKeys:(1)increasing (2)12/twelve(3)more(4)facilities(5)lecturers(6)poorer(7)grant(8)one(9)budget(10)less(11)young(12)classic(13)part-time(14)growing(15)two-yearUnit2Ourglobeisindanger!BasicListeningPracticeScriptM:Nowwehavesatelliteandhigh-poweredmicroscopes,it’seasytothinkweknoweverythingabouttheworld;butwestilldon’tunderstandEINino.W:Right.EventhescientistsareuncertainabouttheexactcauseofthewarmPacificcurrentthatbringsstormsordrought—themysteriousEINino.Q:Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheconversation?B)EvenscientistscannotunderstandEINino.ScriptM:Everyoneistalkingaboutenvironmentalproblem:acidrain,greenhouseeffect,holesintheozonelayer.Weshouldthinkpositively.Whatcanwedotoimprovethings?W:Iagree.Wecoulddoalotmoretoharnessthesun’senergyforheatingandlightinginourhomes.MillionsofsolarroofsarenowemerginginJapan,theU.S.,Italy,andGermany.Q:Howdothemanandthewomanviewtheenvironment?D)Boththemanandwomanthinkpositivelyaboutit.ScriptW:WelivedinBeijingsomeyearsago.Itwasalwaysdifficulttokeepthehousecleanwiththewindfromthenorthblowingsandfromthedesert.M:That’swhytheChinesegovernmenthasbeenencouragingpeopletoplanttreesalongtheedgesoftheGobiDesert.Nowthosetreesactaswindbarriers.Q:WhathavetheChinesepeoplebeenencouragedtodo?A)Togrowtrees.ScriptM:Manyoldrefrigeratorsandcarsareenvironmentalhazardsbecausetheycontainthatdestroytheozonelayer.W:Yes,butgovernmentorganizationsarehelpingpeopletosafelydisposeofoldrefrigeratorsor,inthecaseofcars,toupgradetheirairconditioning.Q:Whataregovernmentorganizationshelpingpeopletodo?A)Totreatoldelectricalappliancessafely.ScriptM:Hey.That’sanaerosolsprayyou’reusingonyourhair!Buildabomborsetfiretotheapartmenttokillusquicklyinsteadofmakingholesintheozone,sowedieofcancer.W:Coolit.spraydoesn’tcontainCFCs.Andyou’dbetterreadalittlemore.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?Thewomanshouldnotuseanaerosolspray.ListeningInTask1:Weshouldhaveproperrespectfornature!Martha:Doyouthinkmostpeopleinyourculturerespectnature?Ed:Ithinkso.Um…morenowthanbefore.Martha:Whatdoyouthinkisthemostseriousenvironmentproblemintheworldtoday?Ed:Today…Ithinkdamagetotheozonelayerisabigproblem,andanotherproblemispollutioninbigcitiesandthingslikethat.Martha:Howdoyoulearnaboutenvironmentalproblems?Ed:Um…throughschool.Alotofclubspromoteenvironmentalsafely,andsomeTVprograms,too.Theytalkaboutenvironmentalsafelyandstufflikethat.Martha:Doyouthinkstudentsshouldlearnmoreabouttheenvironmentatschool?Ed:Ithinkso.So,astheygrowolder,theycanbemoreawareofalltheproblemsthataregoingon,andpreventmoreproblemsfromoccurring.Martha:Ifyoucouldcreateanewlawtohelptheenvironment,whatwoulditbe?Ed:Anewlawfortheenvironment?Um…I’dprobablysaythatwhenpeoplethrowawaytheircigarettebutts,theyhavetothrowthemintothegarbagebin,notjustthrowthemeverywherebecauseit’sjustlitteringandIhatethat.Sotheyshouldbefinediftheythrowthemonthefloorontheground.Martha:That’sagoodidea.Whatdoyoupersonallydotohelpprotecttheenvironment?Ed:I’msoagainstlittering.Ineverlitter.IfIseesomebodylitter,Igetreallyangry.SoIalwaysthrowmytrashintothegarbagebin.Key:natureenvironmentalproblempollutionpromoteawareoffromoccurringlawthrowawayfinedtrashTask2:RiverpollutionScriptIfyouseedeadfishfloatingontheriverornoticethatthewaterisdiscoloredandsmelly,youknowtheriverhasbeenpolluted,andtherearefourmainpossiblecausesforit.First,fertilize.Iflargeamountoffertilizeorfarmwastedrainintoariver,theconcentrationsofnitrateandphosphateinthewaterincreaseconsiderably.Algaeusethesesubstancestogrowrapidly,turningthewatergreen.Thismassivegrowthofalgaeleadstopollution.Whenthealgaedie,theyarebrokendownbytheactionofthebacteria,whichquicklymultiply,usingupalltheoxygeninthewaterandthereforecausingthedeathoffish.Second,industrialwaste.Factoriessometimesdischargechemicalwasteintorivers.Examplesofsuchpollutantsincludecyanide,lead,copper,andmercury.Thesesubstancesmayentertheriverinsuchhighconcentrationsthatfishandotheranimalsarekilledimmediately.Sometimesthepollutionsenterthefoodchainandaccumulateuntiltheyreachtoxiclevels,eventuallykillingfishandotheranimals.Third,oilpollution.Ifoilentersaslow-movingriver,itformsarainbow-coloredfilmovertheentiresurface,preventingoxygenfromenteringthewater.Fourth,warmwater.Industryoftenuseswaterforcoolingprocesses,sometimesdischarginglargequantitiesofwarmwaterbackintorivers.Ahighertemperatureofthewaterlowersthelevelofdissolvedoxygenandupsetsthebalanceoflifeinthewater.Questionandkey:Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Thecausesofriverpollution.Whydoestheriverwaterturngreen?Becausenitrateandphosphateinthewaterincrease.Whatharmdoesindustrialwastecause?Poisoning..Whichofthefollowingistrueofoilpollution?Itpreventsoxygenfromenteringthewater.Whatharmcanwarmwaterinariverbring?Lackofoxygen.Task3:CurbingcarbonemissionsScriptAlthoughitisnotaneasytask,ChinaisstrivingtofulfillthepromisetocutitscarbondioxideemissionsperunitofGDPby40to45percentinthenext10years.ZhangGuobao,DirectoroftheNationalEnergyAdministration,said,“Thegovernmentputsgreatemphasisonseekingharmoniousdevelopmentbetweencitiesandtheenvironment,andisreadjustingtheenergystructurebygivingprioritytothedevelopmentofcleanandlow-carbonenergies,includinghydroelectric,nuclear,wind,andsolarpower.”Governmentauthoritieshaveclosedsmall,coal-firedplantswithatotalcapacityofmillionkilowattsinthepastfouryears.Thisyear’stargetofclosing10millionkilowattsofcapacitywillbeachievedbyAugust.“Wehavepromisedtotheinternationalcommunitythat15percentofourpowerwillbegeneratedfromnon-fossilsourcesby2020,”DirectorZhangsaid.Atpresent,non-fossilenergyaccountsforonly7.8percent.Chinaismakingeffortstoincreasetheproportionfcleanenergyinitstotalenergyconsumption.StatisticsshowthatChinainvestedUS$18.6billion.Thus,Chinahasbecometheworldleaderingeneratingcleanenergy.Fiveyearsearlier,China’sinvestmentincleanenergywasonlyUS$2.5billion.However,China’scarbonemissionreductiontargetcannotbeachievedeasily.Theshifttoalow-carboneconomymightbemetatacosttosociety.Forinstance,morethan400,000peoplewerelaidoffasaresultoftheshutdownofsmallcoal-firedpowerplantsinthepastfouryears.ManystudiesindicatethattheefforttocurbgreenhousegasemissionsmaydelayChina’sdevelopment,affectpeople’sincome,andleadtounemployment.Questionandkey:Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?D)Cuttingcarbondioxideemissions:China’sachievementsandproblems.FromfouryearsagountilAugustthisyear,howmanykilowattsofcoal-firedplantcapacitywillhavebeenD)Morethan70million.By2020,whatwillbetheproportionofnon-fossilenergyinthetotalpowerinChina?A)15%.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheinvestmentbyChinaandtheUnitedStatedincleanenergylastyear?China’sinvestmentwasalmosttwiceaslargeastheUnitedStates.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthepassageasaproblemarisingfromcurbinggreenhousegasemissions?Causingmorestrikes.SpeakingOutMODEL1OurglobeisindangerJohn:HowisyourGrandmagettingalongduringthisusuallyhotweather?Nora:Overthelastfewyears,Grannyhasbeencomplainingthatthehot,humidweatheriskillingher.Shebelievestheweatherhaschanged.John:Whatshemeansistheclimate’slong-termconditions;weatherrefersonlytoday-to-dayconditions.Nora:Yeah,shesayssummerishotter,andwinterwetter.ButItriedtocomforther,saying,“It’sallinyourmind,Granny.”John:She’sright,youknow.Thegreenhouseeffectdoesbringglobalwarmingandrain.Nora:HowcanIexplainglobalwarmingandgreenhousegasestoa97-year-oldGranny?John:Tellhertheearthnowislikearealgreenhousemadeofglasspanelsthatletinlightandtrapheat.Nora:Thinkshe’llwanttoknowthatcarbonmonoxidefromearthmakesgreenhousegases?John:Everybodyshouldknowwhatcauseglobalwarming;otherwisewewon’tstopit.Nora:I’lltellGrannynottoburnanymorewoodorcoal,ortousesprayonthehair.John:OK,jokeaboutit,butitwon’tbesofunnywhenthepolaricecapsmeltandoceansrise.MODEL2Rainforestswillsoonbeonlyamemory.Susan:Hey,Chris,thereisanenvironmentalgrouponcampusaskingfordonationstosavetherainforests.Chris:Sowhat?Susan:Sowhat?!Don’tyouwanttosavetherainforests?Chris:Butthere’renorainforestsinourcountry.Theyneedhot,tropicalclimates.Susan:Comeon.Arainforestisanyforestwhereheavyrainfallleadstodensevegetation.Tropicalrainforestscanbefoundinhoe,tropicalareas,buttherearealsocoolrainforests,includingoneinsoutheastAlaska.Chris:Howdidyouknowthat?Susan:Well,I’vejustreadabookonrainforests.Youknow,140nillionpeopleliveintheworld’srainforests,and35percentoftheworld’splantandanimalspeciesexistonlyin