大學英語精讀(第三版)第2冊第4課教案

授課章節(jié)名稱授課時間Unit4TheProfessorandtheYo-Yo課次：37-48周次：7-8TeachingAims【教學目的】:Toenablethestudents(Ss)to—1.learnalessonfromEinsteinandbeamodestman.2.understandthemainideaandstructureofthistext.3.graspthelanguagepointsandgrammaticalstructuresinthisunit.教學目的和要求4.appreciatethedifferencebetweenformalcolloquial(spoken)language.languageandTeachingFocus【教學重點】:1.Keyexpressions—ambition,application,approach,bewilder,profound,frustrate,cometotermswith,meannothingto,offbalance,workout,singleout,etc2.Understandingthetextstructureandimportantsentences3.Structure:1)bemadetodosth.(被動態(tài)中小品詞不能省略)2)usingthesubjunctiveinathatclause4.GrammarFocus教學重點和難點Usage:piecesandamountsDifficulties【教學難點】:1.Structureanalysisofthetext2.Rearrangingsentencesinlogicalorder3.HowtowriteapassagebycitingexamplesTeachingMethods【教學方法】:Questionandanswers,教學方法和手段explanation,analysis,sentence-making,oralpractice,discussionandexercises.groupTeachingAids【教學手段】:Multimediateachingfacilities1.FinishtheexercisesforTextA2.Finishthereadingpassage課后作業(yè)和思考題3.Writeaparagraphofabout120wordsto150wordsabouttwoaspectsofAlbertEinstein’spersonality.Groupdiscussion:thegreatvirtuesofAlbertEinstein.教學過程備注STEP1—IntroductoryRemarks(5minutes)Einsteinisoneofthegreatestscientistsofalltime.Hisideasandtheorieshave,directlyorindirectly,influencedmanyareasofthemodernworldscience,art,andphilosophy.Inspiteofhisgreatachievementsandfame,healwaysremainedasimpleman:hewashonestandopen,veryeasytogetalongwith;helivedaplainlifeandhadsimplehabits,caringverylittleformaterialwell-being.AndthetextTheProfessorandtheYo-Yo,whoseauthoristhesonofaclosefriendofEinstein’s,shedsmorelightonEinstein’spersonalitybothasascientistandasaman.STEP2—Warming-up(20minutes)1.DiscussionTeacher:Beforewestudythetext,letmeaskyousomequestions.1)WasEinsteinbrightinhisearlychildhood?Giveexamples.2)Whatishisgreatestcontributiontothemankind?3)WhatdoyouknowaboutthelifeofEinstein?4)DoyouthinkEinsteinwasresponsibleforthesearchworkontheatomicbomb?Why?5)DescribetheappearanceofEinstein.2.QuestionsabouttheText1)Basedonthetitle:ProfessorandtheYo-YojustguesstheProfessor’sPersonality..2)Whydoestheauthorwantustolearnfromtheprofessor?3)Doyouwanttobefamous?What’syourideatowardsfamouspeople?3.InformationRelatedtotheText1)AlbertEinsteinAlbertEinstein,whoseSpecialTheoryofRelativityandGeneralTheoryofRelativityrevolutionizedscientificperceptionsoftheuniverse,isacknowledged,alongwithNewton,asoneofhistory’sgreatestphysicists.Sonoffree-thinking,culturedJews,Einsteinwasunabletospeakuntilhewasthreeanddisplayednospecialpromise.Anti-Semitismalsopypphamperedhistalentwhenitbegantoemerge.HebecameaSwisscitizenin1901,obtainingadoctoratefromtheUniversityofBernin1905.Hisresearch,whichendedinthefamousequationE=mc2,waspublishedinthesameyear.AfterWorldWarI,Einstein’sfameextendedbeyondthescientificcommunityandin1921hewasawardedtheNobelPrizeforphysics.Duringthe1920sheregardedtheriseoftheNazisinGermanywithhorror,eventuallyemigratingtotheU.S.where,in1933,hetookupapostatPrincetonUniversity.In1939hisearlywarningsofGermanscientificattemptstomakeanatomicbombpromptedthestartoftheManhattanProject.2)TheYo-YoTheYo-Yoisasimpletoyconsistingofagrooveddoublediskwithastringaboutthecenter.Theplayerholdstheendofthestringwhichunwindsitselfasthediskisdropped.Thenbyaslightjerkonthestring,theplayercausesittorewinditself,andtoreelupbacktothehand.ThetoyissaidtohaveoriginatedinthePhilippines.Since1930ithasbecomeapopulartoyandeventodaychildrenindifferentcountriesplaytheYo-Yoandcompeteinvariouscontests.3)TheNobelPrizeNobelPrizesareannualmonetaryawardsgrantedtoindividualsorinstitutionsforoutstandingcontributionsinthefieldsofphysics,chemistry,physiologyormedicine,literature,internationalpeace,andeconomicsciences.TheNobelPrizesareinternationallyrecognizedasthemostprestigiousawardsineachofthesefields.TheprizeswereestablishedbySwedishinventorandindustrialistAlfredBernhardNobel,whosetupafundfortheminhiswill.ThefirstNobelPrizeswereawardedonDecember10,1901,thefifthanniversaryofNobel’sdeath.4)Woolworth’sFrankWinfieldWoolworth(1852~1919),anAmericanmerchant,wasborninRodman,NewYork.Heestablishedin1879afive-centstoreatUtica,NewYork,whichfailed,andthesameyearhestartedasuccessfulfive-and-ten-centstoreatLancaster,Pennsylvania.WoolworthopenedmanyothersandsoonextendedbusinessthroughouttheUnitedStatesandtoseveralforeigncountries.In1911theF.W.WoolworthCompanywasincorporatedwithownershipofover1,000five-and-tens,andhebecamedirectorofvariousfinancialfirms.(ThelastWoolworthstoreswereclosedin1998.)WoolworthhadtheWoolworthBuildingerectedinNewYorkCityin1913,thehighestbuildingintheworld(792ft/241.4m)atthattime.STEP3—ComprehensionoftheText(25minutes)1.Directions:ToshowEinsteinispurelyandexclusivelyatheorist,theauthorgivesusthreeexamplesinthispart.Youarerequiredtowritethreesentencestosummarizethethreeexamples.Eachsentenceshouldbefewerthan20words.Keys:(1)Hewouldn’twalkdownthestreettoseeareactorcreateatomicenergy.(2)Hedidn’thaveanycuriosityinobservinghowhistheorymadeTVpossible.(3)Hepursedvarioustheoriesfortheworkofatoybutfailedtoknowitsoperatingprinciple.2.MultipleChoice1)WhentheyoungvisitorcametoEinstein’shome,hewas__(B)_____.A)frightenedB)uneasyC)self-confidentD)frustrated2)WhatdidEinsteindoaftertheauthorsuggestedhimtryshavingcream?(A)A)Hetriedtheshavingcreamthenextmorningandwasreallysatisfiedwithit.B)Hedeclinedtheofferandusedrazorandwaterasbefore.C)Hethoughtthecreamwasofnouse.D)Hebecamecuriousaboutthecomponentsofthecream.3)Thewatermark—W—forWoolworth’sinEinstein’sstationerysuggeststhat___(C)_____.A)hedidn’thaveenoughmoneytobuythebetterstationeryB)hewasintendedtoshowthatheasimportantasotherpeopleC)hedidnottakeanyinterestinprestigeD)hedidn’thavepersonalambitionthoughhewasworld-famous3.AnAnalysisofEinstein’sPersonalityStatementsSupportingDetailsEinsteinhadnopersonalambition.1)Hewasreadytocometotermswithhimselfandtheworldaroundhim.2)Heknewtherewereanswersbeyondhisintellectualreach.3)Hewascontenttogoasfarashecould.4)Henevershowedjealousy,vanity,bitterness,anger,resentment,orpersonalambition.Einsteinbelievedinsimplicity.1)Hewasbeyondpretension.2)HeboughthisstationeryinWoolworth’s,afive-and-ten-centvarietystore.3)Henevercarriedmoneywithhimbecausehehadnouseforit.4)Heusedonlywaterandsafetyrazortoshave.5)HeneededonlyapencilandapadofpapertoEinsteinwaspurelyandexclusivelyatheorist.1)Hedidnothavetheslightestinterestinthepracticalapplicationofhisideasandtheories.2)Hewouldnotwalkdownthestreettoseeareactorcreateatomicenergy.3)HedidnothaveanycuriosityinobservinghowhisPhotoelectricTheorycouldmakeTVpossible.4)Hetriedinvaintodeducetheoperatingprincipleofatoybirdbutrefusedtotakeitaparttoseehowitactuallyworked.Einsteinwaseasytoapproachandwasbeyondanypretension.1)HewrotealongpoemofthankstoasmallboywhohadsenthimaYo-Yo.2)Hecorrespondedwithmanyoftheworld'smostimportantpeoplewithordinarystationery.3)Hethoughtthathisideashadbeenacceptedbecausehewasaluckyman.STEP4—TextOrganization(10minutes)1.Whattypeisthetext?A.narrationB.expositionC.descriptionD.argumentationKey(A)2.Analyzethestructureofthetext1)PartI(para.1–para.6):Einsteinwasaplainandsimplemaninhisdailylife.2)PartII(para.7–para.9):Thoughhewasworldfamous,Einsteinremainedpurelyandexclusivelyatheorist.PartI(para.10):Einsteinneverunderstoodhisfame.STEP5—LanguageStudy&DifficultiesExplanation(50minutes)I.LanguageStudy1).modest:a.having,showing,notatoohighopinionofone’smerits,abilities,etc.Forexample:Asianwomenaremoremodestandshy,yettheytendtohaveaninnerforce.b.moderate;notlargeinsizeoramount.Forexample:Thepolicecametosuspectthemanwholivedaluxuriouslifeonamodestincome.2).balance:Usefulphrases:keepone’sbalance;loseone’sbalance;beinbalance;beoutofbalance;offbalance.Specialattention:‘inthebalance’means‘undecided’.Forexample:Thoughherlifewasinthebalance,shethoughtonlyofthesafetyofherfellows.3).impress:haveastrongeffectonthemindorfeelingof.Forexample:Iwasdeeplyimpressedbythescenerythere.Heimpressedmeasamodestscholar.Myparentsimpressonmetheimportanceofhonestytimeandagain.4).immune:beimmuneto:befreefromorunaffectedby.Forexample:Vaccinationmakespeopleimmunetosmallpox.Itseemstomethatfewpeopleareimmunetovanityorjealousy.5).exclusively:only;completely.Forexample:EtoncollegeisanexclusivelymalepublicschoolinBritain.Thereportiswrittenexclusivelyforthecountry’stopleaders.6).pursue:a.workat;bebusywith.Forexample:Hepursuedthestudyofmusicforfouryears.b.goafter.Forexample:Itisillegalforhunterstopursueextremelyyounganimals.7).atease:freefromworryornervousness;comfortable.Forexample:Thedoctorsoonmadetheworriedpatientfeelatease.Donaldwasnotatease(orillatease)atsuchabigparty.8).cometotermswith:accept(sth.usuallydisagreeable)asitis;reachanagreementwith.Forexample:IthastakenmealongtimetocometotermswiththefactthatI’llneverbeagoodwriter.Itseemsthatthetwosideswillnevercometoterms(witheachother).9).asfaras:totheextentthat.Forexample:AsfarasIknowhewillbeawayforthreemonths.Hewillhelpyouasfarashecan.10).somuchsothat:tosuchanextentthat.Forexample:HelongedtovisitParis,somuchsothatheoftendreamedaboutit.Iwaswornout,somuchsothatIthoughtIwouldneverrecover.11).singleout:separateorchoosefromagroupforspecialtreatmentornotice.Allofusdidaverygoodjobbuttheteachersingledoutforpraise.Itisanhonorforhimtohavebeensingledouttorepresenttheschoolatthecelebrationceremony.II.DifficultiesExplanationParagraphone:LanguagePoints:makesb.feelatease;whenmyturncame;throwsth.offbalance.Questions:a.FromthisexampledoyouknowwhatkindofpersonEinsteinwas?b.HowdoyouunderstandEinstein’snodding?ParagraphTwo:LanguagePoints:a.thepersonalitythatwasEinstein:thepersonalitywhichwasthemoststrikingcharacteristicofEinstein.b.HewastheonlypersonIknewwhohadcometotermswithhimselfandtheworldaroundhim:OfallthepersonsIknewhewastheonlyonewhowasatpeacewithhimselfandtheoutsideworldbecauseheacceptedtheworldasitwasandknewhislimitsasahumanbeing.c.Heknewtherewereanswersbeyondhisintellectualreach:Heknewthattheuniversehadmoremysteriesthanhecouldeverhopetosolve,greatashisintellectualabilitieswere.Questions:a.Whatdoes“hehadcometotermswithhimselfandtheworldaroundhim”mean?b.Whatdoes“becontenttogoasfarasonecould”mean?(besatisfiedwithwhatonecouldachieve.)ParagraphThree:LanguagePoint:Hewasbeyondanypretension:Hewascompletelysincereandhonestwithouttheslightestintentiontoshowoff.Questions:a.Whyhewasfreefromtheseemotions?b.Howdoyouknowthathewasagreatpersonwhodislikedshowingoff?ParagraphFour,FiveandSix:LanguagePoints:a.Materialthingsmeantnothingtohim:materialthingsareofnoimportancetohim.b.finally:atlastForexample:Thedetectivefinallytrackeddownthesuspect.c.presentsb.withsth.;atubeof(cream,toothpaste,etc.)d.revertto:gobackto(aformerconditionorhabit).Forexample:Thestresshefeltmadehimreverttotheoldhabitofsmoking.Questions:a.Domaterialthingsmeannothingtoyou?What’syourpointofview?b.WhydidEinsteinshrug?Whatdoesitmeanwhenapersonshrug?c.Whydidhereverttousingplainwatertoshaveafterfinishingtheshavingcream?ParagraphSeven,EightandNine:LanguagePoints:a.E=mc2:Einstein’sspecialtheoryofrelativityproposes,amongotherthings,thatthemaximumspeedpossibleintheuniverseisthatoflight;thatmassappearstoincreasewithspeed;thattherateofaclockmovingthroughspacewilldecreaseasitsspeedincreases;andthatenergyandmassareequalandinterchangeable.ThelastpointwasexpressedinthefamousformulaE=mc2(energyequalsmasstimesthesquareofspeedoflight)andwaslaterprovedbyatomicfission.b.havecuriosityindoingsth.c.takeapart:separate(sth.)intoparts.Forexample:Nicktookaparttheclockandspreadthebitsalloverthecarpet.d.workout:solve;findtheanswerto.Forexample:Johnworkedoutthemathproblemsallbyhimself.Questions:a.WhatdidEinsteinthinkofhisphotoelectrictheory?Diditprovetobeofanypracticalvalue?b.Whatdoes“hisquickexpressionofdisapproval”tellushere?c.Fromthisexample,whatkindofpeoplewasEinstein?(Hewassortofstubborn,impractical,odd,uniqueandtruetohisideas.)ParagraphTen:LanguagePoints:found:deep;needingmuchthoughtorstudytounderstand.Forexample:Philosophyisprofoundandbeyondthereachofordinarypeople.b.capableof:havingtheabilityorpowerfor:forexample:Heiscapableofdoingsuchadifficultjob.Someairplanesarecapableofgoingbeyond1,000milesanhour.c.ahouseholdword:wordknownfarandwide.Questions:a.Histheorieswerecapableofexcitingrelativelyfewscientists.Whydoyouthinkhisnamewasahouseholdword?b.Howdoyouunderstandwhathesaidabouthisachievement?Whywashebewilderedaboutpeople’sadmiration?STEP6—Summarywriting(10minutes)Inthe23years(我們的友誼),vanity,bitterness,anger,(怨恨),Ineversawhimshow(嫉妒)or(個人野心).(他好象對這些感情都具有免疫力似的).Hewasbeyondanypretension.（雖然他與世界上的許多要人通信）,hisstationerycarriedonlyawatermark--W--forWoolworth’s.Einsteinwas(地地道theorist.Hedidn’thave(毫無興趣)ainpracticalapplicationofhisideasandtheories.ThepuzzlethatEinsteinwouldneverunderstandwashis(名氣).Hecouldneverunderstand(為什么他被當作特殊人物挑選出來).Keys:ofourfriendship;jealousy;resentment;personal;ambition;Heseemedimmunetotheseemotions;Althoughhecorrespondedwithmanyoftheworld'smostimportantpeoplepurelyandexclusively;theslightestinterest;fame;whyhewassingledoutassomethingspecialSTEP7—VocabularyActivities(35minutes)Wordsandphrasestodrill(87)STEP8——UsefulExpressions(10minutes)1.密友2.感到無拘無束3.指出aclosefriendfeelateasepointout4.使玩具失去平衡throwthetoyoffbalanceapoemofthankswithinone’slimitsbeyondone’sintellectuallimitsbecontentto5.一首表示感謝的詩6.在某人的能力范圍內(nèi)7.超出力所能及的范圍8.對心滿意足9.對?具有免疫力beimmuneto10.與…通信往來correspondwith11.一本拍紙簿apadofpaper12.對某人來說毫無意義meannothingtosomeonebelieveinsimplicity13.信奉簡樸14.回復到15.實際應用16.相對（來說）次要reverttopracticalapplicationrelativelyminorinimportanceSTEP9—GrammarFocus(10minutes)1．常見的可以變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)的句型如何將主動語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換為被動語態(tài)，可從下面三個方面來把握：1)“主謂+謂語+賓語”句型(SVO)主動句：AlexanderGrahamBellinventedthetelephonein1876.被動句：ThetelephonewasinventedbyAlexanderGrahamBellin1876.說明：①將主動句中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語；②將主動句中的謂語動詞變?yōu)楸粍有问剑〞r態(tài)要與主動句致）；③將主動句中的主語放在被動句中的by之后作介詞賓語；④最后將主動句中的時間或地點狀語依序放在被動句中。被動結(jié)構(gòu)中的by短語如無必要指出，也可省略。例如：TheymakethesecarsinCoventry.——Thesecarsaremade(bythem)inCoventry.如果賓語是從句，通常用it作為先行主語，用that從句或whether從句作為句子的真正主語。可以這樣用的動詞常見的有believe,say,know,report,announce等。例如：Peoplereportedthatthestormhadkilledfivevillagers.據(jù)說暴風雨已使5位村民死亡?！狪twasreportedthatthestormhadkilledfivevillagers.——Thestormwasreportedtohavekilledfivevillagers.——Fivevillagerswerereportedtohavebeenkilledbythestorm.Nobodyknewwhethertherewasgoldleftinthemine.沒有人知道礦里是否還有黃金?！狪twasnotknownwhethertherewasgoldleftinthemine.不知道礦里是否還有黃金。2)“主語+謂語+間賓+直賓”句型(SVOO)主動句：Hetoldheralongstory.被動句：Shewastoldalongstory.Alongstorywastoldtoher.主動句：Motherboughtmeanewcoat.被動句：Iwasboughtanewcoat(bymother).Anewcoatwasboughtforme(bymother).說明：將主動句中的其中一個賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)的主語，另一賓語不變（如將主動句中的直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，則間接賓語之前應加介詞to或for）。3)“主語+謂語+賓語補足語”句型(SVOC)主動句：TheychoseTomcaptain.被動句：Tomwaschosencaptain(bythem).主動句：Weaskedtheteachertoexplainthesentenceagain.被動句：Theteacherwasaskedtoexplainthesentenceagain(byus).說明：這種句型中只須將主動句中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，賓語補足語則保持不變（在意義上變?yōu)橄鄳闹髡Z補足語）。2．虛擬語氣用于賓語從句中虛擬語氣用于賓語從句中又有四種情況：①用在動詞wish后面，表示愿望。賓語從句可以用過去式表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反；用過去完成式表示與過去事實相反；用“would/could等+動詞原形”則表示將來不能實現(xiàn)的愿望?？勺g作“可惜…”，“…就好了”，“悔不該…”，“但愿…”等。例如：IwishIwereasstrongasyou.我要是和你一樣強壯就好了。HowIwishIhadgonetherewithyou!多么希望我和你一起去那兒。Iwishyouwouldstayalittlelonger.希望你再待一會兒。②用在would/hadrather,would(just)assoon,wouldsooner等后面的賓語從句中。從句中使用過去式表示某種愿望（英式英語）或者與現(xiàn)在事實相反的愿望（美式英語）；使用過去完成時則表示與過去事實相反的愿望。例如：I’dratheryoucamenextweekend.我寧愿你下周到來。（愿望）Janewouldratheritwerewinternow.簡寧愿現(xiàn)在是冬季。（與現(xiàn)在事實相反的愿望）I’dsoonershelefttheheavyendoftheworktosomeoneelse.我寧愿她把重活留給別人。Tomwouldratherthathisbrotherhadn’tgonetotheparklastSunday.(Infact,hisbrotherhadgoneto)③用在一些表主觀意愿、心理活動等意義的動詞引起的賓語從句中。賓語從句要用should+動詞原形或只用動詞原形。這類動詞有：suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist,advise,beg,decide,deserve,determine,prefer,inquire,recommend,urge,vote,ask,suppose,promise,declare,maintain(堅持認為)，etc.例如：Theteacherrecommendedthateachstudent(should)buythedictionary.老師推薦讓每個學生都買這個詞典。Thebossorderedthatthegoodsbedeliveredatonce.老板指令這些商品立即運出。Iproposethatwe