虛擬貨幣對(duì)微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)的作用探究,微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)論文

虛擬貨幣對(duì)微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)的作用探究,微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)論文【題目】虛擬貨幣對(duì)微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)的作用探究【第一章】【第二章】【3.1】【3.2】【第四章】【第五章】【第六章】【以下為參考文獻(xiàn)】論文摘要虛擬貨幣能否能對(duì)實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生影響這一爭(zhēng)論，在近期幾年都是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)前沿問(wèn)題研究中的熱門問(wèn)題。與此同時(shí)，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)還在不斷擴(kuò)展著應(yīng)用邊界，逐步浸透到社會(huì)生活的各個(gè)角落，成為社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化生活和個(gè)人生活的平臺(tái)，并在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域產(chǎn)生了重大的影響。從當(dāng)前的發(fā)展情況來(lái)看，虛擬貨幣的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)行大部分都是出自于企業(yè)行1家而言，研究虛擬貨幣的性質(zhì)、對(duì)微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的作用、作用方式及作用程度，能夠?yàn)閲?guó)家產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的選擇、貨幣政策的制定提供重要的指導(dǎo)性意見(jiàn)。而針對(duì)國(guó)外虛擬貨幣發(fā)展情況的普遍性研究，則能夠總結(jié)出虛擬貨幣的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)和方向，為那些虛擬貨幣還處于萌芽和發(fā)展經(jīng)過(guò)中的國(guó)家提供難得珍貴的經(jīng)歷體驗(yàn)借鑒，進(jìn)而避免數(shù)字鴻溝的進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大。當(dāng)前，國(guó)內(nèi)針對(duì)虛擬貨幣的討論有著迥然不同的態(tài)度和結(jié)論，或者視虛擬貨幣為洪水猛獸，或者以為虛擬貨幣發(fā)展前景暗淡。這些觀點(diǎn)對(duì)虛擬貨幣的評(píng)價(jià)都有一個(gè)前提，即以一種成熟的虛擬貨幣的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，甚至是現(xiàn)實(shí)中信譽(yù)貨幣的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)衡量。因而，本文在分析和討論相關(guān)問(wèn)題時(shí)，將虛擬貨幣分為初級(jí)和高級(jí)兩類，有利于客觀地分析虛擬貨幣的發(fā)展和將來(lái)方向。本文以基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的虛擬貨幣作為研究對(duì)象，來(lái)討論其對(duì)微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響。文章既立足于現(xiàn)在狀況，研究當(dāng)下階段虛擬貨幣發(fā)展經(jīng)過(guò)中存在的現(xiàn)實(shí)問(wèn)題，又瞻望將來(lái)，初步討論了虛擬貨幣將來(lái)發(fā)展前景及相關(guān)問(wèn)題。全文共分四個(gè)部分，包括六個(gè)章節(jié)。第一部分介紹了選題的目的和意義，指出了本文所作研究的理論價(jià)值和實(shí)踐價(jià)值。明確界定了虛擬貨幣的概念，并且區(qū)分其不同的發(fā)展階段。從不同角度分析虛擬貨幣和現(xiàn)實(shí)貨幣、電子貨幣的區(qū)別與聯(lián)絡(luò)，總結(jié)出虛擬的性質(zhì)。第二部分通過(guò)分析我們國(guó)家當(dāng)下的支付環(huán)境及存在問(wèn)題，得出初級(jí)虛擬貨幣產(chǎn)生的原因，并且對(duì)初級(jí)虛擬貨幣當(dāng)下國(guó)內(nèi)和國(guó)外的發(fā)展進(jìn)行了分析介紹。第三部分中的第四章和第五章是本文的主體部分，從網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的角度討論了虛擬貨幣的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)含義，利用成本-收入方式方法分析了初級(jí)虛擬貨幣對(duì)微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)主體的影響。第四部分介紹了當(dāng)下初級(jí)虛擬貨幣虛擬銀行的出現(xiàn)，對(duì)全文的研究結(jié)論進(jìn)行了扼要的總結(jié)，并引出虛擬貨幣的將來(lái)方向是統(tǒng)一。本文從虛擬貨幣的網(wǎng)絡(luò)外部性入手討論了虛擬貨幣的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)含義，指出虛擬貨幣對(duì)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)擁堵問(wèn)題是一個(gè)比擬理想的解決方式。由于基于信息溝通的需求和信息互動(dòng)的影響，信息趨向于實(shí)體化。因而，虛擬貨幣不僅僅在經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域能夠促進(jìn)電子商務(wù)的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展，而且在經(jīng)濟(jì)研究領(lǐng)域能夠作為大規(guī)模虛擬經(jīng)濟(jì)體的基礎(chǔ)，能夠以更低的成本來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)大規(guī)模的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)，為學(xué)術(shù)研究搭建起一個(gè)理想的實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)。利用成本-收入的分析方式方法研究初級(jí)虛擬貨幣對(duì)微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)主體的影響，得出如下結(jié)論：初級(jí)虛擬貨幣的發(fā)行者在付出比擬大的固定成本支出后，能夠長(zhǎng)期處在規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)的范圍內(nèi)，享受網(wǎng)絡(luò)效應(yīng)帶來(lái)的好處。接受初級(jí)虛擬貨幣支付的商家能夠利用初級(jí)虛擬貨幣的網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)模來(lái)增加銷售時(shí)機(jī)，使本來(lái)無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)的微額實(shí)時(shí)支付、高頻率交易成為可能。初級(jí)虛擬貨幣健全了支付工詳細(xì)系，提高經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行的效率，推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)更快發(fā)展?；诒疚牡慕Y(jié)論，總體而言，虛擬貨幣對(duì)一國(guó)微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)影響作用在逐步顯現(xiàn)出來(lái)，但是作用程度大小根據(jù)虛擬貨幣在各國(guó)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r而各不一樣。由于當(dāng)下初級(jí)虛擬貨幣的發(fā)行大多是非金融機(jī)構(gòu)的企業(yè)行為，并且虛擬貨幣的迅猛發(fā)展是近期兩年的新興現(xiàn)象，因此相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)很難查詢和搜集整理，無(wú)法利用計(jì)量模型針對(duì)初級(jí)虛擬貨幣的發(fā)行和企業(yè)運(yùn)營(yíng)的關(guān)系進(jìn)行實(shí)證分析研究，這是本文的最大缺乏。本文關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)：虛擬貨幣；網(wǎng)絡(luò)外部性；網(wǎng)上支付；微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)影響；實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)AbstractInrecentyears,theargumentoverwhethervirtualcurrencycanhaveaninfluenceontherealeconomyisahottopicofthefrontiersineconomics.Atthesametime,theInternetcontinuestoexpanditsapplicationborder,andgraduallypenetratesintoeachcornerofsociallife,bringingasignificantimpactuponvariousfieldsofthesociety.Judgingfromthepresentdevelopmentofthevirtualcurrency,theemergenceandtheissueofvirtualcurrenciesaremostlythebehaviorofenterprises.However,withthefurtherevolutionoftheInternetandthedevelopmentoftheeconomicglobalization,theresearchofthevirtualcurrency--aboutthenature,theinfluencesonthemicro-economicdevelopment--canofferessentialguidelinesfortheestablishmentandimplementationofthecountrysdevelopmentstrategyandmonetarypolicy.Whereasthestudyofforeigncountrycases,asconductedinthisarticle,whichhelpssummarizethedevelopmenttrendanddirectionofvirtualcurrency,canprovideprecioustheoretical,aswellaspracticalexperiencesforthoseLDCstoavoidthefurtherexpansionofthedigitaldivide.Atpresent,theChineseacademiciansstudiesonthevirtualcurrencyhavearrivedatverydifferentconclusions.Someregardvirtualcurrencyasthescourge,whileothersconsideritnofuture.Alltheseviewsshareacommonpremisethattheyjudgevirtualcurrencybyamaturemonetarystandard,orevenbythecreditcurrencystandardsofthereality.Therefore,toanalyzeanddiscussrelatedissues,thisarticleclassifiesvirtualcurrencyintotwocategories--elementaryvirtualcurrencyandadvancedvirtualcurrency,whichisconducivetoconductanobjectiveanalysisofthedevelopmentandfutureofvirtualcurrency.ThisarticletakestheInternet-basedvirtualcurrencyasastudyobjecttodiscussitsinfluencesonmicroeconomy.Thediscussionisbasedonthestatus-quo,whichincludestheproblemsinthedevelopmentofthevirtualcurrencyonthecurrentstage,andalsolookstothefuture,whichdiscussesprospectsandrelatedissuesofvirtualcurrency.Thefulltextisdividedintofourparts,includingsixchapters.Thefirstpartintroducesthepurposeandsignificanceofthisarticle,andpointsoutthatthetheoreticalandpracticalvalueofthestudy.Itclearlydefinestheconceptofvirtualcurrency,anddistinguishesthetwostagesinthedevelopmentofvirtualcurrency.Fromseveraldifferentpointsofview,itpointsoutthedistinctionandrelationbetweenthevirtualcurrencyandthetraditionalcurrency,aswellasbetweenthevirtualcurrencyandtheelectroniccurrency.Thenatureofthevirtualcurrencyissummedupinthispart.Throughthestudyofdomesticpaymentenvironment,thesecondpartofthisarticlefindsouttheprimaryreasonsforthepresenceofthevirtualcurrency.Itintroducesandanalyzesdomesticandforeigndevelopmentofthevirtualcurrency.ThethirdpartincludesthechapterIVandV,whicharethemainpartofthisarticle.Itdiscussesthemicroeconomicimplicationofthevirtualcurrencyfromtheviewpointofthenetworkeconomics.Adoptingthecost-incomemethod,itanalyzestheinfluencesofInternet-basedvirtualcurrencyonmicro-economy.Thefourthpartintroducesthepresenceofvirtualbankforthevirtualcurrency,givesabriefsummaryofthisarticle,andpointsoutthatthefutureofthevirtualcurrencyisreunification.Throughthestudyofthenetworkexternalityofthevirtualcurrency,thisarticlediscussesthemicroeconomicsimplicationsofvirtualcurrency,andconcludesthatusingvirtualcurrencyisabettersolutiontonetworkcongestion.Becauseofthedemandoninformationexchangeandtheimpactofinformationinteraction,informationdevelopstowardssubstantiation.Therefore,thevirtualcurrencycannotonlypromotethefurtherdevelopmentofelectroniccommerceintheeconomicfield,butalsoserveasthefoundationforthelarge-scalevirtualeconomyentityinthefieldoftheeconomicresearch,whichcanaccomplishlarge-scaleeconomictestsatlowercost.Itcansetupanidealplatformforacademicresearchexperiments.Applyingthecost-incomemethodtostudytheinfluencesofvirtualcurrenciesonmicro-economy,thisarticlereachesthefollowingconclusions:Afterpayingrelativelylargefixedcosts,thevirtualcurrencyissuerscanbenefitfromeconomiesofscaleandthenetworkeffectsinthelong-term.Thecompaniesthatacceptthepaymentinelementaryvirtualcurrencycanincreasetheirsellingopportunitieswhicharebroughtbythesizeoftheelementaryvirtualcurrencynetwork,sothattheycouldachievetheimplementationofthemicropaymentsandhigh-frequencytransactions.Thevirtualcurrencycancompletethepaymentsystem,improvetheefficiencyoftheeconomy,andpromotefastereconomicdevelopment.Basedontheanalysisinthisarticle,theinfluencesofthevirtualcurrencyonacountrysmicro-economyemergegradually,buttheintensityoftheinfluencesongrowthvariesfromcountriestocountries.Becausetheelementaryvirtualcurrencyisissuedmainlybythenon-financialinstitutionsandenterprises,andtherapiddevelopmentofthevirtualcurrencyistheemergingphenomenoninthelasttwoyears,itisverydifficulttocollectrelevantdata.Therefore,thearticlefailstoprovideempiricalexaminationswithaneconometricmodeltoanalyzetherelationshipbetweentheissueoftheelementaryvirtualcurrencyandbusinessoperations.Keywords:virtualcur