【北師大版】2020版高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)-專題復(fù)習(xí)課件-含答案

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語法專題突破

專題一名詞和冠詞專題一名詞和冠詞-3-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.(2018·全國Ⅲ卷)Unexpectedly,I’mface-to-facewiththegorilla,whobeginsscreamingat

the

topofherlungs.

2.(2018·全國Ⅱ卷)Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentoverthepast25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.3.(2018·全國Ⅰ卷)Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014thatshowedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses(cause).4.(2018·浙江卷)MakingChinesedishes(dish)isseenasespeciallytroublesome.5.(2017·全國Ⅰ卷)Thistrendhashadsomeunintendedside

effects

(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease.

-3-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納Ⅰ.單句語法填空-4-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納6.(2017·全國Ⅰ卷)As

a

result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.

7.(2016·全國Ⅰ卷)Recentstudies(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaksregularly.8.(2016·全國Ⅰ卷)Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsidefor

a

while,exercising,ordoingsomethingyouenjoy.

-4-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納6.(2017·全國Ⅰ卷)Asa-5-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1.(2018·全國Ⅱ卷)WhenIwaslittle,Friday’snightwasourfamilygamenight.Friday’s→Friday2.(2018·全國Ⅰ卷)Duringmylastwinterholiday,Iwenttocountrysidewithmyfathertovisitmygrandparents.在countryside前加the3.(2018·全國Ⅰ卷)LastwinterwhenIwentthereagain,theyhadabigseparatehousetoraisedozensofchicken.chicken→chickens-5-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)-6-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)一

名詞的數(shù)一、可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)1.規(guī)則變化-6-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)一名詞的數(shù)-7-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納-7-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納-8-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納注意①以-o結(jié)尾的下列名詞要加-es,它們是:英雄在回聲中吃土豆、西紅柿,即heroes,echoes,potatoes,tomatoes。但下列以-o結(jié)尾的名詞既可以加-es,也可以加-s,它們是:mosquitos(mosquitoes)蚊子,volcanos(volcanoes)火山。②以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的下列名詞需要把f或fe去掉,加-ves。它們是:為了自己活命,小偷和他的妻子手里拿著刀子和樹葉站在架子上,把狼劈成兩半,即selves,lives,thieves,wives,knives,leaves,shelves,wolves,halves。但有的以-f結(jié)尾的名詞既可以去掉f加-ves,也可以直接加-s。如:handkerchiefs(handkerchieves)手帕。③名詞前有man或woman修飾,變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),做定語的man或woman和后面的名詞都要變成復(fù)數(shù)。如:womandoctor→womendoctors。-8-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納注意①以-o結(jié)尾的下列名詞要加-es,-9-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納2.不規(guī)則變化(1)常見單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞Chinese中國人;means方式;works工廠;sheep綿羊;deer鹿;series系列;fish魚;fruit水果等。其中fish,fruit表示種類時(shí),可加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾,即fishes,fruits。(2)自身有特殊變化的名詞child孩子→children

man男人→men

foot腳,英尺→feet

tooth牙齒→teeth

medium傳播媒介→media

mouse老鼠→mice

phenomenon現(xiàn)象→phenomena-9-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納2.不規(guī)則變化-10-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納3.有些名詞通常只用復(fù)數(shù)。如:glasses眼鏡,clothes衣服,goods貨物,trousers褲子,belongings所有物,wages工資,riches財(cái)富,surroundings環(huán)境,ashes灰塵,compasses圓規(guī),cattle牛,congratulations祝賀有些固定搭配中的名詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。如:havewordswithsb.同某人吵架,inhighspirits情緒高昂,giveone’sregardstosb.向某人問候,inrags衣衫襤褸,havegoodmanners有禮貌-10-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納3.有些名詞通常只用復(fù)數(shù)。如:gla-11-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納二、不可數(shù)名詞1.常見的不可數(shù)名詞:fun,advice,weather,progress,information,bread,butter,baggage,clothing,equipment,furniture,homework,juice,luggage,luck,music,milk,meat,practice,rubber,rice,soup,wealth,health,wood,English,America等。Wealthstartswithagoalandsavingadollaratatime.財(cái)富始于一個(gè)目標(biāo),要一美元一美元地積攢。2.有些名詞既可以用作可數(shù)名詞,也可以用作不可數(shù)名詞,但意義不同。work當(dāng)表示“工作”時(shí)為不可數(shù)名詞,但當(dāng)表示“作品;著作”時(shí)則為可數(shù)名詞。glass“玻璃”(不可數(shù)),“杯子”(可數(shù));room“空間”(不可數(shù)),“房間”(可數(shù));experience“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”(不可數(shù)),“經(jīng)歷”(可數(shù));paper“紙”(不可數(shù)),“報(bào)紙、文件、試卷”(可數(shù))。-11-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納二、不可數(shù)名詞-12-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)二

名詞的所有格名詞的所有格表示所屬關(guān)系,它分-’s所有格和of所有格兩種形式。1.-’s所有格(1)多用來表示有生命的東西。Manystudents’

eyesightisgettingpoorerandpoorer.(2)用and連接的并列名詞的所有格要分兩種情況,即表示各自的所有關(guān)系時(shí),要分別在并列名詞后加-’s或’;表示共同的所有關(guān)系時(shí),只在最后一個(gè)名詞后加-’s或’。Tom’sandJim’srooms(各自的房間)TomandJim’sroom(共同的房間)-12-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)二名詞的所有格-13-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納(3)表示店鋪、辦公室或某人的家時(shí),名詞所有格后被修飾的名詞一般省略。atthebarber’sattheteacher’s2.of所有格表示無生命的事物的名詞通常用of所有格表示所屬關(guān)系;名詞短語或有定語修飾的有生命的名詞也常用of所有格。Fromthe

top

of

the

hill,youcangetabird’sviewofthecity.3.雙重所有格指名詞所有格或名詞性物主代詞同of構(gòu)成的所有格,即

“of+名詞所有格”。aplayofShakespeare’safriendofmywife’s-13-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納(3)表示店鋪、辦公室或某人的家時(shí),-14-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)三

不定冠詞a/an的用法不定冠詞表示泛指,一般修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。a用于以輔音音素開頭的單詞前,an用于以元音音素開頭的單詞前。如:apen一支筆;anoldman一位老人一、不定冠詞的基本用法1.用在首次提到的人或物的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前面,泛指某(一)個(gè)人或某(一)個(gè)事物。The“ChineseDream”isadreamtoimprovepeople’swell-beingandadreamofharmony,peaceanddevelopment.“中國夢(mèng)”是一個(gè)改善民生的夢(mèng),一個(gè)和諧、和平、發(fā)展之夢(mèng)。2.表示“一”,相當(dāng)于one。I’llreturninadayortwo.-14-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)三不定冠詞a/an的用法-15-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納3.表示“每”,相當(dāng)于per,常用于表示時(shí)間、重量、長度等單位前。Wehavethreemealsaday.4.表示“同一性”,常構(gòu)成“of+a/an+名詞”形式,相當(dāng)于thesame。Thechildrenareofanage.5.表示類指,意為“某類……”。Hewantstobeadoctor.6.后面接人名可以表示“一個(gè)叫……的人”,或是其作品。AMr.Smithisaskingtoseeyou.7.與抽象名詞連用,可以表示“一場(chǎng)、一次、一件”。asuccess一件成功的事/一個(gè)成功的人;apity一件遺憾的事;anhonour一個(gè)引以為榮的人/一件引以為榮的事8.與物質(zhì)名詞連用,表示“一種、一陣、一份”。Whataheavyrain!-15-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納3.表示“每”,相當(dāng)于per,常用于-16-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納9.序數(shù)詞前使用冠詞的情況?！皌he+序數(shù)詞”表示排序;“a/an+序數(shù)詞”不表示排序,而表示“又一;再一”。Mr.Lihasdecidedtobuyasecondcar.Ihavefailedtwice,butI’lltryathirdtime.10.比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)前冠詞的選擇。“a/an+比較級(jí)”表示“(眾多人或事物中)比……更……的一個(gè)”,屬于泛指;“the+比較級(jí)”表示“兩者中較……的一個(gè)”?！皌he+最高級(jí)”表示三者或三者以上的人或事物中“最……的一個(gè)”;“amost+形容詞”表示“一個(gè)很/非常……”,此時(shí)后面沒有比較范圍,most只表示“很,非?！?。Tomistheolderofthetwoboys.Thefirstunitisamostdifficultpartbutnotthemostdifficult.-16-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納9.序數(shù)詞前使用冠詞的情況。-17-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納二、常用含不定冠詞的固定搭配allofasudden突然asamatteroffact事實(shí)上onceaweek每星期一次ataloss不知所措,茫然beonavisit參觀,拜訪be/goonadiet節(jié)食givesb.alift讓某人搭便車haveagiftfor...在……方面有天賦haveagoodtime玩得開心haveawordwith...與……談話inahurry匆忙地inaway從某種意義上說-17-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納二、常用含不定冠詞的固定搭配-18-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納makealiving謀生takeawalk散步takeaninterestin...對(duì)……感興趣take/havearest休息一會(huì)兒-18-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納makealiving謀生-19-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)四

定冠詞the一、定冠詞的基本用法1.特指上文提到過的、特定的人或事物,或雙方都明確的人或事物。Ihaveacar.Thecarisred.Passmethebook,please.2.表示某一類人或物。Thebikeisausefulmeansoftransportation.3.用于世上獨(dú)一無二的事物名詞前。theuniverse;themoon;thePacificOcean4.用于樂器前。playtheviolin;playthepiano-19-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)四定冠詞the-20-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納5.表示“一家人”或“夫婦”。—CouldyoutellmethewaytotheGreen’s,please?—Sorry,wedon’thaveaGreenhereinthevillage.6.用于表示國家、黨派等以及江、河、湖、海、山川、群島等名詞前。theUnitedStates;theCommunistPartyofChina7.用于表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前。ThecompasswasinventedinChina.8.在逢十的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞之前,指某世紀(jì)的某個(gè)年代。inthe1990’s(在20世紀(jì)90年代)9.用于表示度量單位的名詞前。Ihiredthecarbythehour.(對(duì)比Ihiredthecarbytime.)-20-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納5.表示“一家人”或“夫婦”。-21-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納10.用于形容詞或分詞前表示一類人。therich;theliving;thewounded11.用于方位名詞、身體部位名詞前。Thesunrisesintheeast.hitsb.onthehead12.用于普通名詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來的專有名詞前。theGreatWall;theWestLake-21-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納10.用于形容詞或分詞前表示一類人。-22-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納13.與比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)連用。(1)“the+比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí)”表示“越……越……”。Themore,thebetter.(2)表示兩者間“較……的一個(gè)”,比較級(jí)前加the。Whoisthetallerofthetwoboys?(3)三者或三者以上相比較,表示最高程度時(shí),用“the+最高級(jí)”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。這種句式一般常有表示比較范圍的介詞短語。Maryisthetallestchildinherfamily.-22-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納13.與比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)連用。-23-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納二、常用定冠詞的固定搭配atthemoment此刻,目前atthesametime同時(shí)bytheway順便說一下onthespot當(dāng)場(chǎng)makethebest/mostof...充分利用……inthedistance在遠(yuǎn)處intheend最終inthehabitof有……的習(xí)慣theotherday前幾天ontheonehand...,ontheotherhand...一方面……,另一方面……tothepoint中肯,切題-23-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納二、常用定冠詞的固定搭配-24-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)五

零冠詞一、零冠詞的基本用法1.專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞表示一般概念時(shí),其前不用冠詞。BeijingisthecapitalofChina.Kindnessisvirtue.Snowdissolvesintowater.-24-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)五零冠詞-25-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納2.表示季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)假日、棋類、球類、學(xué)科、一日三餐、語言、運(yùn)動(dòng)等的名詞前一般不加冠詞。Springisthebestseasonoftheyear.IhavebeenstudyinginthiscollegesinceJuly,2018.Wehaveaseven-dayholidayonNational

Holiday.Tomenjoysplayingchess.Theboyslikeplayingfootballafterclass.TheycanchooseothersubjectslikeArtandComputer

Science.Doyouhavebreakfastathomeoratschool?-25-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納2.表示季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)假日、棋-26-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納3.稱呼語、自己的家庭成員及表示頭銜、職務(wù)的名詞做表語、補(bǔ)足語及同位語時(shí),一般不加冠詞,但用作主語或賓語時(shí)要用冠詞。SamhasbeenappointedmanageroftheengineeringdepartmenttotaketheplaceofGeorge.I’mcaptainoftheclassteamatschool.4.當(dāng)by與表示交通工具的名詞連用表示方式時(shí),名詞前不用冠詞。I’drathertravelbybusthanairplane.-26-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納3.稱呼語、自己的家庭成員及表示頭銜-27-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納二、常用零冠詞的固定搭配infact事實(shí)上 forexample例如indanger在危險(xiǎn)中 withpleasure高興地intime及時(shí) infear恐懼地atwork在上班 atdinner在吃飯afterschool放學(xué)后 atfirst起初atlast最終 byhand手工做的payattentionto注意 setfireto放火takepridein以……為豪 takecareof照顧takeoffice就職 takepartin參加intown在城里 keep...inmind牢記introuble處在麻煩中 onfoot步行l(wèi)eaveword留言 ontime按時(shí)-27-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納二、常用零冠詞的固定搭配-28-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納catchsightof看見 doharmto對(duì)……有害loseweight減肥-28-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納catchsightof看見 d-29-ⅠⅡⅢⅠ.單句語法填空1.TheillegalhuntingofTibetantelopeusedtobe

a

seriousprobleminthe1990s.

2.Simmonsandherhusbandgrabbedtwoboardsandpaddleddownthehumanchainuntilshereachedtheswimmers(swimmer).Sherescuedthemonebyone.3.Underthedirectionofthesephilosophical

theories

(theory),thiskungfustylegainsgoodeffectsintheboxingandswordskills.

4.China’ssilkwasintroducedintowestern

countries

(country)throughthisoldtraderoute.

5.Theeastsideoftheirstemsgrowsfasterduring

the

day,causingthestemstograduallybendfromeasttowest.

-29-ⅠⅡⅢⅠ.單句語法填空-30-ⅠⅡⅢ6.JohnDewey,anAmericanpsychologist,oncesaidthatgainingothers’respectisthedeepesturgeinhumannature.7.Ahundredyearsago,explorers(explorer)atthattimeweretakingatremendousriskinapproachingthecoldwonderlandonthesouthernmosttipoftheplanet.8.Infact,figuringoutwhowillgetthebillisalways

a

headachefortheChineseatformalmeals.

9.AsChineseeconomydevelopsveryfastandplays

an

importantroleintheworld,moreandmoreforeignerslearnMandarininConfuciusInstitutes.

10.Chinesepeoplearebecomingricherandmoreinternational.Whathasnotchangedistheirstomachs(stomach).-30-ⅠⅡⅢ6.JohnDewey,anAmerica-31-ⅠⅡⅢⅡ.單句改錯(cuò)1.ShehastaughtusalotofEnglishknowledgesandhowtobeagoodcitizen.knowledges→knowledge2.Firstofall,Chinahasmadeagreatprogressinthesocialandeconomicdevelopmentinthepastdecades,andpeoplehavemoretimeandenergytoenjoytheirlife.去掉a-31-ⅠⅡⅢⅡ.單句改錯(cuò)-32-ⅠⅡⅢ3.Itwasusefulexperienceforallofus,whichI’llneverforgetfortherestofmylife,andwhichI’llalwaystreasure.useful前加a4.Fromthislesson,wecametoconclusionthatitwasnotsodifficulttolearnEnglishifwecouldfindagoodway.conclusion前加a

5.Ihopemyadvicescanhelpyouimproveyourhealth.advices→advice-32-ⅠⅡⅢ3.Itwasusefulexperie-33-ⅠⅡⅢⅢ.語法填空Villagesindevelopingcountriesoftenlackmanythings:books,cleanwater,electricity.Theseshortagesareeasytosee.But1.

a

differentkindofshortageisnoteasytosee.Thatis2.

the

shortageofexperts.Manyvillageshavenodoctors,engineersorscientists.Tblems(problem)ordesignanewexpertsystem.Thereisawaytoease4.

the

problems.Tputers(computer).In6.

the

pastfewyears,computerscientistsaroundtheworldhavedevelopedwhattheycall“expertsystems”.-33-ⅠⅡⅢⅢ.語法填空-34-ⅠⅡⅢAnexpertsystemisaspecialkindofcomputerprogram.Insomesituations,itcantake7.

the

placeof8.

a

humanexpert.Forexample,anexpertinthemedicalsystemcanhelptotakecareofasickperson.Afteraskingafew9.

questions

(question)ofthepatient,itcantellwhatmedicineorother10.treatment(treat)isneeded.

-34-ⅠⅡⅢAnexpertsystemisas專題二代詞專題二代詞-36-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.(2018·全國Ⅰ卷)Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive

it

atry.

2.(2018·全國Ⅲ卷)WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofindthem(they)alive.3.(2018·浙江卷)ManywesternerswhocometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheap

it

canbetoeatout.

4.(2017·浙江卷)“ShethoughtIhadhurtmyself(I),”saysPahlsson.-36-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納Ⅰ.單句語法填空-37-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1.(2018·全國Ⅱ卷)They(Myparents)wouldsaytousthatplayingcardgameswouldhelpmybrain.us→me2.(2018·全國Ⅲ卷)Ihaddonemyselfhomework,butIwasshy.myself→my/the3.(2017·全國Ⅱ卷)Mr.andMrs.Zhangallworkinourschool.all→both4.(2017·全國Ⅲ卷)Thispictureoftenbringsbacktomemanyhappymemoriesofyourhighschooldays.your→my-37-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)-38-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)一

人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞-38-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)一人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代-39-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納注意①形容詞性物主代詞通常用作定語,修飾名詞。如:herfather她的父親②“of(介詞)+名詞性物主代詞(或名詞所有格)”構(gòu)成雙重所有格。如:afriendofmine我的一個(gè)朋友-39-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納注意①形容詞性物主代詞通常用作定語,-40-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)二

it的用法1.指代時(shí)間、距離、自然現(xiàn)象等。Itishalfpasttwonow.(指時(shí)間)Itis6milestothenearesthospital.(指距離)Itisverycoldintheroom.(指溫度)2.指代前面所提到過的事物、群體、想法、性別不明或性別被認(rèn)為不重要的人或動(dòng)物、未指明但談話雙方都明白的事情或情況。—Who’sthatatthedoor?—Itisthemilkman.(it指代性別不明或性別被認(rèn)為不重要的人)—I’vebrokenaplate.—It(=Breakingtheplate)doesn’tmatter.(it指前面所提到過的事情)-40-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)二it的用法-41-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納3.it可以用作形式主語或形式賓語,而把從句、動(dòng)詞-ing形式和不定式充當(dāng)?shù)恼嬲闹髡Z或賓語放在后面。Itissaidthatallofthemhavegonetothecinema.Nomatterwhereheis,hemakesitaruletogooutforawalkbeforebreakfast.4.enjoy,like,love,dislike,hate,don’tmind,befondof,feellike,seeto等動(dòng)詞(短語)后面的賓語從句前要加it。Ihateitthatyouleavethedooropen.我討厭你把門開著。5.用于某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)。如makeit;getit;seetoitthat;putit。HowshallIput

it?我該怎么說呢?-41-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納3.it可以用作形式主語或形式賓語,-42-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)三

替代詞it,one,ones,theone,theones,that,those1.it特指上文所提到的同一事物,它所代替的名詞常由the,this,that等修飾。one泛指上文提到的同類事物中的一個(gè),不特指,相當(dāng)于“a/an+單數(shù)名詞”;ones泛指上文提到的同類事物的復(fù)數(shù)名詞;theone特指前面的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),有時(shí)可以用that來代替(尤其是后面有后置定語時(shí));theones特指上文提到的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,有時(shí)可以用those代替,尤其在有后置定語的情況下。that特指前面出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,相當(dāng)于“the+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞”;that的復(fù)數(shù)形式為those,替代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),既可指人也可指物。-42-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)三替代詞it,one,one-43-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納YesterdayIlostmypenandIcouldn’tfindit.SoIhadtobuyone.(it指代mypen;one替代apen)Thebooksonthedeskarebetterthanthose/the

onesunderthedesk.(those/theones替代thebooks)Nopleasurecanequalthatofacooldrinkonahotday.(that替代pleasure)-43-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納YesterdayIlostm-44-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納2.that和one的主要區(qū)別that既可替代可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),也可替代不可數(shù)名詞,常有后置定語,一般不指人,復(fù)數(shù)形式為those;one只能替代可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),復(fù)數(shù)形式為ones。當(dāng)可數(shù)名詞前有形容詞修飾時(shí),只能用one,不用that。當(dāng)of短語做可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)的后置定語時(shí),用that,不用one。Thequalityofeducationinthissmallschoolisbetterthanthatinsomelargerschools.(that替代thequalityofeducation)Ifyou’rebuyingtoday’spaperfromthestand,couldyougetoneforme?(one替代apaper一份報(bào)紙)-44-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納2.that和one的主要區(qū)別-45-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)四

指示代詞指示代詞是用來指代或標(biāo)記人或事物的代詞,有this,that,these,those。this,that是單數(shù),these,those是復(fù)數(shù)。指示代詞可以在句中做主語、賓語、表語和定語等。Iwantthisbook,notthatbook.Iliketheseandhelikethose.TheweatherinShanghaiisnotsocoldasthatinBeijing.-45-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)四指示代詞-46-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)五

all,both,either,neither,each和none1.both(兩者都),either(兩者中的任何一個(gè)),neither(兩者都不)。以上這些詞的使用范圍為兩者。JohnandMaryhavebothwontheprizes.Theresearchgroupproducedtworeportsbasedonthesurvey,butneithercontainedanyusefulsuggestions.I’velivedinNewYorkandChicago,butdon’tlikeeitherofthemverymuch.2.both與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用,either與單數(shù)名詞連用。Thereareflowersonbothsidesofthestreet.Thereareflowersoneithersideofthestreet.-46-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)五all,both,eit-47-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納3.all(所有的,全部的人或物),any(任何一個(gè)),none(都不)。以上詞的使用范圍均為三者或三者以上。Allthestudentsinmyclasslikeourteachers.AlthoughRosemaryhadsufferedfromaseriousillnessforyears,shelostnoneofherenthusiasmforlife.4.each可指兩者,也可指兩者以上。Theyeachhaveacar.-47-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納3.all(所有的,全部的人或物),-48-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)六

no,none,nobody和nothing1.no不能單獨(dú)使用,相當(dāng)于nota或notany,做定語修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。Hehasnoworryaboutsafety.2.none既可以指人,也可以指物,側(cè)重指三者或三者以上的人或物,可與介詞of連用,用于回答howmany/much引導(dǎo)的疑問句?！狧owmanypeoplearethereintheroom?—None.-48-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)六no,none,nobo-49-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納3.nobody指人,用于回答who引導(dǎo)的疑問句;nothing指物,用于回答what引導(dǎo)的疑問句。ThemeetingwillbeheldinSeptember,butnobodyknowsthedateforsure.—Whatareyoudoing?—Nothing.-49-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納3.nobody指人,用于回答who-50-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)七

another,other,theother和others1.another既可以單獨(dú)使用,也可以用于單數(shù)名詞前,泛指三者或三者以上中的“另外一個(gè)人或物”。還可以用于“another+數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”中,表示“再,又”。Recyclingisonewaytoprotecttheenvironment;reusingisanother.Youhavetowaitforanotherthreeweeks.2.other可用作形容詞,意思為“別的,其他的”,泛指“其他的(人或物)”。Youcanaskotherpeopletohelpyou.3.theother指兩個(gè)人或物中的“另一個(gè)”,不能用another,此時(shí)other為代詞。Theoldmanhastwosons.Oneisateacher;the

otherisadoctor.-50-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)七another,othe-51-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納4.theother后可接可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)也可接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),不接不可數(shù)名詞。此時(shí)other為形容詞。Onthe

othersideofthestreet,thereisatalltree.Heistallerthanthe

otherstudentsinhisclass.5.others是other的復(fù)數(shù)形式,泛指“另外幾個(gè);其他的”。others表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,相當(dāng)于“other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”,但不能做定語;theothers相當(dāng)于“theother+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”,指剩下的全部。Twostudentsinourclassfailed,butallthe

otherspassedtheexam.-51-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納4.theother后可接可數(shù)名-52-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)八

復(fù)合不定代詞everyone/everybody意為“每個(gè)人”;someone/somebody意為“某人,有人”,其特殊含義是“有價(jià)值的人或者重要的人”;anybody意為“任何人,無論誰”;nobody意為“沒有人,無人,誰也不”,還可指“無名之輩”。everything意為“每件事,所有事物”;something意為“某事/物”,其特殊含義是“大致……左右,有價(jià)值的或者重要的事物”;anything意為“任何事物”;nothing意為“沒有;無關(guān)緊要的事物”。-52-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)八復(fù)合不定代詞-53-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納Somebodyhasparkedhiscarrightinfrontofmine.Hewassuchafasttalkerthatnobodycouldunderstandhim.—Haveyoufiguredouthowmuchthetripwillcost?—$4,000,orsomethinglikethat.Asmilecostsnothing,butgivesmuch.常見搭配:nothingbut只不過anythingbut絕不;根本不somethingof有點(diǎn)兒……;在某種程度上是nothingtodowith和……沒關(guān)系fornothing免費(fèi);白白地;白費(fèi);無緣無故地-53-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納Somebodyhasparke-54-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)九

部分否定與全部否定all,both,everyone,everybody,everything以及“every+名詞”都表示全部肯定。none,noone,nobody,nothing,neither,notany以及“no+名詞”均表示全部否定;但當(dāng)not與表示全部肯定的不定代詞連用時(shí),不管not的位置在其前還是其后,都表示部分否定。Noneofthemsmoke.Nowordscanexpressmyanger.Suchapersoncan’tbefoundeverywhere.(部分否定)Not

allthestudentshavereadthebook.(部分否定)-54-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)九部分否定與全部否定-55-ⅠⅡⅢⅠ.單句填空1.Thetrafficonthemainstreetshasalongergreensignalthanthatonthesmallones.2.LarryasksBillandPetertogoonapicnicwithhim,butneitherofthemwantsto,becausetheyhaveworktodo.3.Susanmade

it

cleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.

4.Insomecountries,peopleeatwithchopsticks,whileinothers,knivesandforks.-55-ⅠⅡⅢⅠ.單句填空-56-ⅠⅡⅢ5.I’dappreciate

it

ifyoucouldletmeknowinadvancewhetherornotyouwillcome.

6.It’saneither-orsituation—wecanbuyanewcarthisyearorwecangoonholidaybutwecan’tdoboth.7.She’dlivedinLondonandManchesterbutshelikedneitherandmovedtoCambridge.8.Atourfactorythereareafewmachinessimilartothosedescribedinthismagazine.9.Whenhetookhisglovesoff,Inoticedthateachonehadhisnamewritteninside.10.Ipreferthelargeboxtothesmallone.-56-ⅠⅡⅢ5.I’dappreciateiti-57-ⅠⅡⅢⅡ.單句改錯(cuò)1.John,mySpanishteacher,said,“Takeeasy;itisjustasmallquiz.”在easy前加it2.Someofthehouseshavebathroomsbutmuchdonot.much→many3.Itwasthefirsttimehefelthehadachievedsomethingbyhim.him→himself4.Mrs.Zhang,whoisournewteacher,issoconcernedaboutusthatweareallfondofhim.him→her5.ChinaisbiggerthananyotherscountryinAsia.others→other-57-ⅠⅡⅢⅡ.單句改錯(cuò)4.Mrs.Zhang,whoi-58-ⅠⅡⅢⅢ.語法填空Emilysitsbyherdesk.Shestudiesforanexam.Actually,sheforces1.herselftostudyforthatexam,sincewhatshereallywantstodoisgooutsideandplaysoccer!HerfriendKellyisbyherwindow.Shethrowsalittlestoneatitandthencalls,“Isthere2.anybody/anyonehome?”“Yes,Iamhere!”Emilyanswers.“Thisissounfair!Iwanttobeoutsidewith3.youandnotherewiththeseboringbooklets(小冊(cè)子)!”“Whateveryouaredoingwiththoseboringbooklets,youshouldcomeoutandplaywithus!”Kellycallsback.-58-ⅠⅡⅢⅢ.語法填空-59-ⅠⅡⅢ“Ican’tdo4.that,”Emilysayssadly.“Thisexamof5.mineistomorrow,sonowIneedtostudyforit.”ShetakesthestonethatKellythrewin,andsendsitflyingoutside.Thensheclosesthewindow.Sheknowsthateverybodyelsehasstudiedalready,andnow6.allofthemareplayingoutside.“Well,”shethinkstoherself,“itismytest,andImyselfhavetostudyforit.IknowthatKellywantstohelpme,butnotthistime.Wecanhelp7.eachotherwithotherthings.”Shetakesanotherlookathertwobooklets.Shetriestoreadapageofthefirstbooklet,andthenapageofthe8.other.Bothareboring.“9.Neitherofyouisinteresting!”shetellsthemseriously.“WhatcanIdo?”shethinkstoherself.“Ireallyhaveenough!”-59-ⅠⅡⅢ“Ican’tdo4.that,”Em-60-ⅠⅡⅢSuddenly,agreatideacomestohermind.“Iknow!”shethinks.“I’llmakeadrawingofeverythingIread!Iliketodraw,anddrawingswillmakeitinteresting!”Shegrabsherpencilandhappilybeginstodraw.Moreandmoreisdrawnonhernotebook,andaftertwohoursshefinishesherbooklets.Sheistiredbuthappy,andshecanfinallygoouttoplay.“Whereis10.everybody/everyone?”sheasksherself.Emilynoticesitisdarkalready.“Iguesstheyallwenthome...”Suddenlyherdoorbellrings.Kellyandtherestofherfriendsarethere.Theyarealltiredandtheywanttowatchamovietogether.Emilyisveryhappy.Shecannowenjoyamoviewithherfriends!-60-ⅠⅡⅢSuddenly,agreatideac專題三介詞和介詞短語專題三介詞和介詞短語-62-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.(2018·全國Ⅲ卷)IwassearchingforthesethreewesternlowlandgorillasI’dbeenobserving.2.(2018·北京卷)—Goodmorning,Mr.Lee’soffice.—Goodmorning.I’dliketomakeanappointmentfornextWednesdayafternoon.3.(2017·全國Ⅱ卷)Itallowedpeopletoavoidterriblecrowdsontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoandfromwork.-62-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納Ⅰ.單句語法填空-63-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納4.(2017·全國Ⅲ卷)Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfull-timebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegree

in

engineeringorarchitecture.

5.(2017·江蘇卷)Determiningwhereweareinrelation

to

oursurroundingsremainsanessentialskillforoursurvival.

6.(2016·全國Ⅰ卷)Mostofusaremorefocused

on

ourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday.

7.(2016·全國Ⅲ卷)InIndia,forexample,mostpeopletraditionallyeatwiththeirhands.8.(2016·四川卷)Themothercontinuedtocarefortheyoungpandaformorethantwoyears.-63-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納4.(2017·全國Ⅲ卷)After-64-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1.(2018·全國Ⅰ卷)Theyalsohadasmallpondwhichtheyraisedfish.在which前加in或?qū)hich→where2.(2018·全國Ⅰ卷)Attheendofourtrip,ItoldmyfatherthatIplannedtoreturnforeverytwoyears,andheagreed.去掉for3.(2017·全國Ⅰ卷)ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenstopjustinthemiddleontheroad.on→of4.(2017·全國Ⅱ卷)Theyhavealsoboughtforsomegardeningtools.去掉for-64-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)-65-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)一

表示時(shí)間和日期的介詞1.in用在表示年、季節(jié)、月份,或泛指上午、下午或晚上的名詞前;on用在表示某一天,某一天的上午、下午或晚上的名詞前;at用在表示某一時(shí)刻或時(shí)間上的某一點(diǎn)的詞前。Wewillhaveameetingat8o’clockinthemorningonSunday.2.for后接“一段時(shí)間”,表示某事持續(xù)多久,多與完成時(shí)連用;during表示“在……期間”;through表示“一直……,自始至終”。Thenewboylookedattheteacherforafewseconds.IwenttoFranceduringthesummerholiday.Theyworkedhardthroughthewinter.-65-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)一表示時(shí)間和日期的介詞-66-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納3.from,sincefrom表示時(shí)間的起點(diǎn),意為“從……”,多用于“from...to/till...”中;since表示“自從……以來”。Ihavebeenwaitingherefrommorningtillnoon.GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinourschoolsinceDec.,2015.注意for和since都常與完成時(shí)連用,但for接時(shí)間段,since接時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如fortwohours(持續(xù))兩小時(shí);sincelastweek從上周直到現(xiàn)在。-66-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納3.from,since-67-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納4.before,by,till,untilbefore指“在……之前”,與after相對(duì)。by指“不遲于,到……時(shí)為止,在……以前”,by后接過去時(shí)間,常與過去完成時(shí)連用;by后接將來時(shí)間,常與將來完成時(shí)連用。till/until“直到……為止”,在肯定句中,till/until必須與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用;在否定句中,till/until常與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用。Pleasecomebeforeteno’clock.September30isthedaybywhichyoumustpayyourbill.Youmustwaitforhimtill/untiltomorrow.-67-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納4.before,by,till,u-68-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納5.after,inafter+一段時(shí)間:表示“在……之后”,用于一般過去時(shí);但時(shí)間為點(diǎn)時(shí)間時(shí),只能用after,即after+點(diǎn)時(shí)間,用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。in+一段時(shí)間:表示以說話時(shí)為起點(diǎn)一段時(shí)間之后,與一般將來時(shí)連用;但表示“在……之內(nèi)”時(shí),用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。Aftereightitbegantorain.Janeisinahurrybecausethetraintotheairportleavesinhalfanhour.-68-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納5.after,in-69-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)二

表示方位的介詞1.on意為“在……的上面”;over意為“在……(垂直)的正上方”;above意為“在……(不一定垂直)的上方”;under意為“在……(垂直)的正下方”;below意為“在……(不一定垂直)的下方”;near意為“在……附近”;nextto意為“緊挨著……”;round/around意為“在……周圍”;by意為“在……旁邊”;along表示沿著街、路、河岸等;across主要表示從某物的表面“橫過”,涉及“面”的概念;past意為“從……旁經(jīng)過”;up表示向上,由南到北,由西到東,由沿海到內(nèi)陸,由小地方到大地方,由農(nóng)村到城市,反之則用down;through指從某物的內(nèi)部“穿過”;over指“越過”某一障礙物。Pipescarryoilacrossthedesert.Ittookustenminutestodrivethroughthetunnel.-69-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)二表示方位的介詞-70-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納2.表示兩者的位置關(guān)系時(shí),in表示“在同一區(qū)域內(nèi)或同一范圍內(nèi)”;on表示“接壤,相鄰”;to表示“相離,相隔”,兩者不屬同一范圍,也不接壤。Mongoliais/liesonthenorthofChina.-70-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納2.表示兩者的位置關(guān)系時(shí),in表示“-71-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)三

表示計(jì)量的介詞1.at表示“以……速度,以……價(jià)格”。Theonlyreasonamanwouldsellsaltatalowerpricewouldbethathewasdesperateformoney.2.for表示“用……交換,以……為代價(jià)”。Hesoldhiscarfor500dollars.注意at表示單價(jià)(price),for表示總錢數(shù)。3.by表示“按……計(jì)算”,后跟度量單位。接具體單位前用定冠詞the,接具體度量名詞時(shí)該名詞前不加冠詞。Theyarepaidbytheday.-71-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)三表示計(jì)量的介詞