Rome古羅馬教學(xué)講解課件

RomeandRomeEmpireRomeandRomeEmpire1WhenwespeakofRome,whatcomesupinyourmind?RomeCaesar(愷撒)Octvius(渥大維）埃及艷后（Cleopatra）諺語AllroadsleadtoRomeWheninRome,doastheRomansdo.WhenwespeakofRome,whatco2Allstrangeandterribleeventsarewelcome,butcomfortswedespise.

Allstrangeandterribleevent3Iwillnotbetriumphedover.

Myhonourwasnotyielded,butconqueredmerely.

Iwillnotbetriumphedover.4GaiusJuliusCaesar蓋烏斯·尤利烏斯·愷撒即愷撒大帝，羅馬共和國（今地中海沿岸等地區(qū)）末期杰出的軍事統(tǒng)帥、政治家。Icame,Isaw,Iconquered.”GaiusJuliusCaesarIcame,I5Ifyoumustbreakthelaw,doittoseizepower:inallothercasesobserveit.”Ifyoumustbreakthelaw,do6IwouldratherbefirstinasmallvillageinGaulthansecondincommandinRome”

Asarule,menworrymoreaboutwhattheycan'tseethanaboutwhattheycan.”Iwouldratherbefirstinas7AntoniusAntonius8IfoundRomeofclay;IleaveittoyouofmarbleIfIhaveplayedmypartwell,clapyourhands,anddismissmewithapplausefromthestage.我接受的是一座磚做的城市，留下的是一座大理石的城市；在這場被稱為“人生”的戲劇中，我的表演還不錯(cuò)吧。戲劇結(jié)束了，請(qǐng)鼓掌送我回家吧——渥大維IfoundRomeofclay;Ileave9Rome古羅馬教學(xué)講解課件10CiceromakingspeechBrevityisthebestrecommendationofspeech,whetherinasenatororanorator.

Brevityisagreatcharmofeloquence.

CiceromakingspeechBrevityis11ASketchofRomehistoryTheyear27B.CdividedthehistoryofRomeintotwoperiods:theRepublicandtheempireTheRomeRepublicbeganin509B.C.,andlasteduntil27B.C..In27B.C.,OctaviantooksupremepowerasemperorwiththetitleofAugustus.(奧古斯都）。ASketchofRomehistoryThe12RomanlegendFoundedbytwinbrothersRomlusandRemusin735.Father:godMarsModernArcheologyRomewasacollectionofvillagearound1000B.C.E.(LatinRome,EtruscansRome)Rome古羅馬教學(xué)講解課件13In264B.C.WhenRomanRepublichadestablisheddominionovertheItalianPeninsula,therewerefourothergreatpowersintheMediterraneanworld—Carthage,Macedonia,Egypt,andSyria.TheburningofCorinthin146B.C.markedRomeconquestofGreece.By146B.C.Romehademergedvictoriousovertheotherpowers,andby30B.C.,TheywereallRomeprovinces.In264B.C.WhenRomanRepubli14FollowingJuliusCaesar’sassassinationin44B.C.,Octavianemergedvictoriousoverhisrivals,becomingtheunchallengedrulerofRome.Octavianisnotaself-seekingtyrant,hewasacreativestatesman.HepreventedtherenewalofcivilwarthathasplaguedtheRepublic.HeintroducedreformsinItalyandtheprovincesFrom27B.C.toA.D.14markedthebeginningofPaxRomanawhichendureduntilA.D.180.FollowingJuliusCaesar’sassa15TheperiodsofPaxRomanawasoneofthefinestintheancientworld.RevoltswerefewEnjoythepeace,effectivegovernment,economicwell-being.Territory:Britain—ArabianDesertDanubeRiver–SandsofSaharaPopulation:70million.ThesamelawboundItalians,Spaniards,NorthAfricans,Greeks,SyriansandotherpeoplesPeoplefromdiversebackgroundviewedthemselvesasRomanseventhoughtheyhadneversetfootinthecapitalcity.TheperiodsofPaxRomanawas16FivegoodemperorsNerva，96年—98年涅爾瓦Trajan98年—117年圖拉真Hadrian，117年—138年哈德良AntoninusPius，138年—161年安敦尼·庇護(hù)/安托尼烏斯·披烏斯MarcusAurelius161年—180年馬可·奧勒留/馬爾庫斯·奧列里烏斯Trajaninitiatedanewandfinalexpansionofimperialfrontiers.UnderTrajantheempireachieveditslargestgeographicalextent.FivegoodemperorsNerva，96年—9817declineDuringthethirdcentury,theRomeEmpiresufferedhardtimes.TheorderedcivilizationofPaxRomanawasdestroyed.Anarchygeneralsviedforthethrone.BarbariantribesbegantoattackTheRomeEmpire.（Germanicpeoples）In476RomanempireinthewestfellTheeasternprovinces–ByzantineEmpirefellin1453declineDuringthethirdcentur18Diocletian(戴克里先）(284-305)TitleofJupiterlivingGodDividetheempireinhalfWest–RomeEastNicoediaAccepttheworshipofhissubjectsChristianobjecttoGodemperorGreatPersecution(303-313)ChristiansrefusetosacrificetopaganGodDiocletian(戴克里先）(284-305)T19Constantine（君士坦?。?306-337)ConverttoChristianityCapitalinByzantiumConstantinople(Istanbul)TurntheEmpireintoaChristianstateConstantine（君士坦丁）(306-337)20WhyWestfallearlierTheeasthasalwaysbeenmoreurbanizedandcivilizedthanthewest.PublicpovertyandprivatewealthcouldnotbeseenLocalaristocraciesintheeastweremuchlesswealthyandindependent.Christianbishopshadnoomnipotentpowerbutsharesacredpowerwithtravellingholymenandmonks.WhyWestfallearlierTheeast21AgeofJustinian:JustinianCode;attemptstorestoretheEmpireDuringMacedonianDynasty(867-1056)Byzantiumenjoyedpoliticalandculturalsuperiorityoveritswesternandeasternfoes.PreservationofancientlearningAgeofJustinian:JustinianC22influenceLanguage–Latin----RomanceLanguages:French,Italian,Spanish,Portuguese,andRomania.RomaLawBasisoflegalcodesofmostmodernEuropeanstates.PreservedtheGreekcultureandspreadittootherlands.ChristianitywasbornintheRomanEmpire.influenceLanguage–Latin----Ro23LanguageLatinRomanceLanguageLanguageLatin24BlueFr;GreenSpanish;yellowItalian;redRomanian;orangePortugueseBlueFr;GreenSpanish;yello25PoliticalStructureEmperorSenateProvincesRomanLawThedevelopmentofRomanlawcomprisesmorethanathousandyearsofjurisprudence—fromtheTwelveTablestotheCorpusJurisCivilis(AD528–35)orderedbyEmperorJustinianI.PoliticalStructureEmperor26PreserveandspreadGreekcultureTheRomansconqueredtheGreekbytheirtremendousforce,whileontheotherhandwerebeatenbyGreekabundantculture.RomanculturewasdeeplyinfluencedbyGreekculturefrommyth,religion,philosophy,toliterature,architectureandart.PreserveandspreadGreekcult27RomanMythAncientRomanscompletelyadoptedtheOlympianpantheonofgodsandthenmodifiedthemintheirownway.TheaverageRomanhadfreedomtochoosehisorhergodtobelievein.RomanMyth28God&GoddessGreeknameCharacterJupiterZeusthemasterofthegodsandmaingodoftheRomansJunoHerathequeenofthegods,thegoddessofwomenandfertilityMarsAresthegodofwar,thestrongestandmostfearsomegodexceptforJupiterVenusAphroditefhegoddessofloveandbeautyMinervaAthenefhegoddessofwisdom,learning,artcraftsandindustryGod&GoddessGreeknameCharact29God&GoddessGreeknameCharacterNeptunePoseidonthepowerfulgodoftheseaCeresDemeterthegoddessoftheharvestVulcanHephaestustheblacksmithofthegodsandagodoftheunderworldDianaArtemisthegoddessofhuntingandagoddessofthemoonBacchusDionysosthegodofwineandpartyingMercuryHermesthemessengerofthegodsGod&GoddessGreeknameCharact30God&GoddessGreeknameCharacterVestaHestiathegoddessofthehearthandhomePlutoHadesthegodofdeathApolloApollothegodofthesunCupidErosthegodofloveGod&GoddessGreeknameCharact31CulturalAchievement

(1)PhilosophyStoicism斯多葛學(xué)派virtueissufficientforhappinessasagewasimmunetomisfortune.Cicerodivineprovidence(天道）;morality;dutyUniversewasrationalandreasonhadtobethebasisforsocietyandlaw.CulturalAchievement

(1)Philo32MarcusTulliusCiceroAmanofcourageisalsofulloffaith.

Ahomewithoutbooksisabodywithoutsoul.

Accordingtothelawofnatureitisonlyfairthatnooneshouldbecomericherthroughdamagesandinjuriessufferedbyanother.MarcusTulliusCiceroAmanof33Lucretius:poetandphilosopherOntheNatureofThingsMatteriseternalTheuniverseismadeupofatomsandthevoidDeathisnothingtous.It’sonlythenaturalfulfillmentoflife.Arationalandproportionalenjoymentoflifeisallthatmatters.Sorrowandanxietycomefrombutanignorantemotionalism.Lucretius:poetandphilosoph34(2)HistoryRomanHistorians:SallustandLivyHistoryofRomeConcernsforjusticeandmorality(2)History35(3)LiteratureVirgil(October15,70BC–September21,19BC)wasaclassicalRomanpoet,bestknownforthreemajorworks—theEclogues(orBucolics),theGeorgics,andtheAeneid.(3)Literature36Horace:lyricpoetandcritic,famousforhispoeticforms.BookofSatires,OdesandEpistlesHorace:lyricpoetandcriti37(4)ArchitectureThearchitectureofancientRomeadoptedtheGreekstyleforitsownpurposes,buttheRomansalsodevelopedanewkind.Theyweremoreutilitarianandshowedaninterestingrandeurandscale.

Theyconstructedmanypublicedificeswhichstillexistedtodayandbecamethefamouskeypointofinterestfortheworld.(4)Architecture38Rome古羅馬教學(xué)講解課件39theBasilicas最初是市政廳，最后成為天主教堂的主要建筑風(fēng)格theBasilicas最初是市政廳，最后成為天主教堂的40BathsofCaracallaBathsofCaracalla41Romansusedthearch,thevaultandthedome,anddiscoveredhowtomake

concrete.Thesestylesstillhaveimpactonmodernarchitecture.Romansusedthearch,thevaul42Rome古羅馬教學(xué)講解課件43Rome古羅馬教學(xué)講解課件44Rome古羅馬教學(xué)講解課件45（5）Sculptureandpaintingwell-preservedfigurespaintingsweretypicallycolorfulanddecorativewallpaintings,mosaicceilingandfloorwork（5）Sculptureandpainting46Rome古羅馬教學(xué)講解課件47EducationBoys:Romanlaw,customs,andphysicaltrainingtoprepareforeventualrecruitmentintotheRomanarmy.Girls:receivedinstructionfromtheirmothersintheartofspinning,weaving,andsewing.EducationBoys:Romanlaw,cust48At6Bothboysandgirlsweretaughtthebasicsofreading,writingandarithmetic.Fromtheageoftwelve,theywouldbelearningLatin,Greek,grammarandliterature,followedbytrainingforpublicspeaking.Oratorywasanarttobepracticedandlearnt,andgoodoratorscommandedrespect.Tobecomeaneffectiveoratorwasoneoftheobjectivesofeducationandlearning.At649RomandeitiesPolytheistsReligionRomandeitiesReligion50ThePantheon（萬神殿）wasdedicatedtotheworshipofallRomandeities.ThePantheon（萬神殿）wasdedicate51ImperialCultJudaismChristianityImperialCult52Rome古羅馬教學(xué)講解課件53Bythe5thcenturyChristianhegemonyhadrapidlychangedtheEmpire'sidentityevenastheWesternprovincescollapsed.Thosewhopracticedthetraditionalpolytheisticreligionswerepersecuted,aswereChristiansregardedashereticsbytheauthoritiesinpower.Bythe5thcenturyChristianh54Rome古羅馬教學(xué)講解課件55RomeandRomeEmpireRomeandRomeEmpire56WhenwespeakofRome,whatcomesupinyourmind?RomeCaesar(愷撒)Octvius(渥大維）埃及艷后（Cleopatra）諺語AllroadsleadtoRomeWheninRome,doastheRomansdo.WhenwespeakofRome,whatco57Allstrangeandterribleeventsarewelcome,butcomfortswedespise.

Allstrangeandterribleevent58Iwillnotbetriumphedover.

Myhonourwasnotyielded,butconqueredmerely.

Iwillnotbetriumphedover.59GaiusJuliusCaesar蓋烏斯·尤利烏斯·愷撒即愷撒大帝，羅馬共和國（今地中海沿岸等地區(qū)）末期杰出的軍事統(tǒng)帥、政治家。Icame,Isaw,Iconquered.”GaiusJuliusCaesarIcame,I60Ifyoumustbreakthelaw,doittoseizepower:inallothercasesobserveit.”Ifyoumustbreakthelaw,do61IwouldratherbefirstinasmallvillageinGaulthansecondincommandinRome”

Asarule,menworrymoreaboutwhattheycan'tseethanaboutwhattheycan.”Iwouldratherbefirstinas62AntoniusAntonius63IfoundRomeofclay;IleaveittoyouofmarbleIfIhaveplayedmypartwell,clapyourhands,anddismissmewithapplausefromthestage.我接受的是一座磚做的城市，留下的是一座大理石的城市；在這場被稱為“人生”的戲劇中，我的表演還不錯(cuò)吧。戲劇結(jié)束了，請(qǐng)鼓掌送我回家吧——渥大維IfoundRomeofclay;Ileave64Rome古羅馬教學(xué)講解課件65CiceromakingspeechBrevityisthebestrecommendationofspeech,whetherinasenatororanorator.

Brevityisagreatcharmofeloquence.

CiceromakingspeechBrevityis66ASketchofRomehistoryTheyear27B.CdividedthehistoryofRomeintotwoperiods:theRepublicandtheempireTheRomeRepublicbeganin509B.C.,andlasteduntil27B.C..In27B.C.,OctaviantooksupremepowerasemperorwiththetitleofAugustus.(奧古斯都）。ASketchofRomehistoryThe67RomanlegendFoundedbytwinbrothersRomlusandRemusin735.Father:godMarsModernArcheologyRomewasacollectionofvillagearound1000B.C.E.(LatinRome,EtruscansRome)Rome古羅馬教學(xué)講解課件68In264B.C.WhenRomanRepublichadestablisheddominionovertheItalianPeninsula,therewerefourothergreatpowersintheMediterraneanworld—Carthage,Macedonia,Egypt,andSyria.TheburningofCorinthin146B.C.markedRomeconquestofGreece.By146B.C.Romehademergedvictoriousovertheotherpowers,andby30B.C.,TheywereallRomeprovinces.In264B.C.WhenRomanRepubli69FollowingJuliusCaesar’sassassinationin44B.C.,Octavianemergedvictoriousoverhisrivals,becomingtheunchallengedrulerofRome.Octavianisnotaself-seekingtyrant,hewasacreativestatesman.HepreventedtherenewalofcivilwarthathasplaguedtheRepublic.HeintroducedreformsinItalyandtheprovincesFrom27B.C.toA.D.14markedthebeginningofPaxRomanawhichendureduntilA.D.180.FollowingJuliusCaesar’sassa70TheperiodsofPaxRomanawasoneofthefinestintheancientworld.RevoltswerefewEnjoythepeace,effectivegovernment,economicwell-being.Territory:Britain—ArabianDesertDanubeRiver–SandsofSaharaPopulation:70million.ThesamelawboundItalians,Spaniards,NorthAfricans,Greeks,SyriansandotherpeoplesPeoplefromdiversebackgroundviewedthemselvesasRomanseventhoughtheyhadneversetfootinthecapitalcity.TheperiodsofPaxRomanawas71FivegoodemperorsNerva，96年—98年涅爾瓦Trajan98年—117年圖拉真Hadrian，117年—138年哈德良AntoninusPius，138年—161年安敦尼·庇護(hù)/安托尼烏斯·披烏斯MarcusAurelius161年—180年馬可·奧勒留/馬爾庫斯·奧列里烏斯Trajaninitiatedanewandfinalexpansionofimperialfrontiers.UnderTrajantheempireachieveditslargestgeographicalextent.FivegoodemperorsNerva，96年—9872declineDuringthethirdcentury,theRomeEmpiresufferedhardtimes.TheorderedcivilizationofPaxRomanawasdestroyed.Anarchygeneralsviedforthethrone.BarbariantribesbegantoattackTheRomeEmpire.（Germanicpeoples）In476RomanempireinthewestfellTheeasternprovinces–ByzantineEmpirefellin1453declineDuringthethirdcentur73Diocletian(戴克里先）(284-305)TitleofJupiterlivingGodDividetheempireinhalfWest–RomeEastNicoediaAccepttheworshipofhissubjectsChristianobjecttoGodemperorGreatPersecution(303-313)ChristiansrefusetosacrificetopaganGodDiocletian(戴克里先）(284-305)T74Constantine（君士坦?。?306-337)ConverttoChristianityCapitalinByzantiumConstantinople(Istanbul)TurntheEmpireintoaChristianstateConstantine（君士坦?。?306-337)75WhyWestfallearlierTheeasthasalwaysbeenmoreurbanizedandcivilizedthanthewest.PublicpovertyandprivatewealthcouldnotbeseenLocalaristocraciesintheeastweremuchlesswealthyandindependent.Christianbishopshadnoomnipotentpowerbutsharesacredpowerwithtravellingholymenandmonks.WhyWestfallearlierTheeast76AgeofJustinian:JustinianCode;attemptstorestoretheEmpireDuringMacedonianDynasty(867-1056)Byzantiumenjoyedpoliticalandculturalsuperiorityoveritswesternandeasternfoes.PreservationofancientlearningAgeofJustinian:JustinianC77influenceLanguage–Latin----RomanceLanguages:French,Italian,Spanish,Portuguese,andRomania.RomaLawBasisoflegalcodesofmostmodernEuropeanstates.PreservedtheGreekcultureandspreadittootherlands.ChristianitywasbornintheRomanEmpire.influenceLanguage–Latin----Ro78LanguageLatinRomanceLanguageLanguageLatin79BlueFr;GreenSpanish;yellowItalian;redRomanian;orangePortugueseBlueFr;GreenSpanish;yello80PoliticalStructureEmperorSenateProvincesRomanLawThedevelopmentofRomanlawcomprisesmorethanathousandyearsofjurisprudence—fromtheTwelveTablestotheCorpusJurisCivilis(AD528–35)orderedbyEmperorJustinianI.PoliticalStructureEmperor81PreserveandspreadGreekcultureTheRomansconqueredtheGreekbytheirtremendousforce,whileontheotherhandwerebeatenbyGreekabundantculture.RomanculturewasdeeplyinfluencedbyGreekculturefrommyth,religion,philosophy,toliterature,architectureandart.PreserveandspreadGreekcult82RomanMythAncientRomanscompletelyadoptedtheOlympianpantheonofgodsandthenmodifiedthemintheirownway.TheaverageRomanhadfreedomtochoosehisorhergodtobelievein.RomanMyth83God&GoddessGreeknameCharacterJupiterZeusthemasterofthegodsandmaingodoftheRomansJunoHerathequeenofthegods,thegoddessofwomenandfertilityMarsAresthegodofwar,thestrongestandmostfearsomegodexceptforJupiterVenusAphroditefhegoddessofloveandbeautyMinervaAthenefhegoddessofwisdom,learning,artcraftsandindustryGod&GoddessGreeknameCharact84God&GoddessGreeknameCharacterNeptunePoseidonthepowerfulgodoftheseaCeresDemeterthegoddessoftheharvestVulcanHephaestustheblacksmithofthegodsandagodoftheunderworldDianaArtemisthegoddessofhuntingandagoddessofthemoonBacchusDionysosthegodofwineandpartyingMercuryHermesthemessengerofthegodsGod&GoddessGreeknameCharact85God&GoddessGreeknameCharacterVestaHestiathegoddessofthehearthandhomePlutoHadesthegodofdeathApolloApollothegodofthesunCupidErosthegodofloveGod&GoddessGreeknameCharact86CulturalAchievement

(1)PhilosophyStoicism斯多葛學(xué)派virtueissufficientforhappinessasagewasimmunetomisfortune.Cicerodivineprovidence(天道）;morality;dutyUniversewasrationalandreasonhadtobethebasisforsocietyandlaw.CulturalAchievement

(1)Philo87MarcusTulliusCiceroAmanofcourageisalsofulloffaith.

Ahomewithoutbooksisabodywithoutsoul.

Accordingtothelawofnatureitisonlyfairthatnooneshouldbecomericherthroughdamagesandinjuriessufferedbyanother.MarcusTulliusCiceroAmanof88Lucretius:poetandphilosopherOntheNatureofThingsMatteriseternalTheuniverseismadeupofatomsandthevoidDeathisnothingtous.It’sonlythenaturalfulfillmentoflife.Arationalandproportionalenjoymentoflifeisallthatmatters.Sorrowandanxietycomefrombutanignorantemotionalism.Lucretius:poetandphilosoph89(2)HistoryRomanHistorians:SallustandLivyHistoryofRomeConcernsforjusticeandmorality(2)History90(3)LiteratureVirgil(October15,70BC–September21,19BC)wasaclassicalRomanpoet,bestknownforthreemajorworks—theEclogues(orBucolics),theGeorgics,andtheAeneid.(3)Literature91Horace:lyricpoetandcritic,famousforhispoeticforms.BookofSatires,OdesandEpistlesHorace:ly