人教版高中英語選修8-Unit-2Clonin課件

Cloning

Unit2CloningUnit21differvi.不同;相異differvi.不同;相異2人教版高中英語選修8-Unit-2《Clonin課件3ObjectiveTolearnsomebasicinformationaboutcloning.ObjectiveTolearnsomebasici4Cloning?Cloning?5Acloneisananimalorplantproducednaturallyorartificiallyfromthecellsofanotheranimalorplantandisexactlythesameasit.Cloningisaway

ofmakinganexactcopy

ofanotheranimalorplant.TheclonehasthesameDNAastheparent.What’scloning?SoundsReasonable?Acloneisananimalorplant6

Therearedifferenttypesofcloning,andcloningtechnologiescanbeusedforotherpurposesbesidesproducingthegenetictwinofanotherorganism.Thethreetypes

ofcloningtechnologiesare:

(1)recombinantDNAtechnologyorDNAcloning（基因重組克隆技術(shù)）(2)reproductivecloning（生殖性克?。?3)therapeuticcloning（治療性克隆）Therearedifferenttypeso7克隆一詞是英文單詞clone的音譯，作為名詞，clone通常被意譯為無性繁殖系。同一克隆的所有成員的遺傳構(gòu)成是完全相同的，例外僅見于有突變發(fā)生時。自然界早已存在天然植物、動物和微生物的克隆?？寺∫辉~是英文單詞clone的音譯，作為名詞，clone通常8人們開始探索用人工的方法來生產(chǎn)高等動物克隆。這樣，克隆一詞就開始被用作動詞，指人工培育克隆動物這一動作。目前，生產(chǎn)哺乳動物克隆的方法主要有胚胎分割和細胞核移植兩種?？寺⊙颉岸嗬颉保约捌浜蟾鲊茖W(xué)家培育的各種克隆動物，采用的都是細胞核移植技術(shù)。人們開始探索用人工的方法來生產(chǎn)高等動物克隆。9所謂細胞核移植，是指將不同發(fā)育時期的胚胎或成體動物的細胞核，經(jīng)顯微手術(shù)和細胞融合方法移植到去核卵母細胞中，重新組成胚胎并使之發(fā)育成熟的過程。由于細胞核移植是產(chǎn)生克隆動物的有效方法，故人們往往把它稱為動物克隆技術(shù)。所謂細胞核移植，是指將不同發(fā)育時期的胚胎或成體動物的細胞核，10Inpairs,lookatthesepicturesanddiscusswhichonesarenaturalclonesandwhichonesareman-made.Thinkabouthowtheydiffer.QuizInpairs,lookatthesepictur11DollythesheepAstrawberryplantNaturalcloneMan-madecloneDollythesheepAstrawberrypl12一株草莓依靠它沿地“爬走”的匍匐莖,一年內(nèi)就能長出數(shù)百株草莓苗。一株草莓依靠它沿地“爬走”的匍匐莖,一年內(nèi)就能長出數(shù)百株草13GrowingnewplantsTwinsNaturalcloneMan-madecloneGrowingnewplantsTwinsNatural14Naturalclone

isonethatoccursinnaturewithouthumanhelp.Man-madeclone

isonethatisproducedthroughhumanintervention(介入).CloneCanyoutellthedifferencebetweennaturalcloneandman-madeclone?Naturalcloneisonethatoccu15Cactus(仙人掌)Pendulumorchid(吊蘭)naturalcloneexamplesCactus(仙人掌)Pendulumorchidnat16人教版高中英語選修8-Unit-2《Clonin課件17man-madecloneexamplesI'mcelebrityinthehistoryofcloning.

Doyouknowmyname?man-madecloneexamplesI'mce18Dolly,thefirstmammaltobeclonedfromadultDNA,wasputdownbylethalinjectiononFeb.14,2003.Priortoherdeath,Dollyhadbeensufferingfromlungcancerandcripplingarthritis(嚴重的關(guān)節(jié)炎).CelebritySheepDollyDolly,thefirstmammalto19Dolly是世界上第一例用體細胞——乳腺上皮細胞，通過細胞核移植技術(shù)，在復(fù)雜的人工操作下，得到的一只小綿羊。Dolly是世界上第一例用體細胞——乳腺上皮細胞，通過細胞核20Scientistshavebeencloninganimalsformanyyears.ThecreationofDollyisthefirstmammalclonedfromthecellofanadultanimal.SinceDolly,researchershaveclonedanumberoflargeandsmallanimalsincludingsheep,goats,oxen,mice,pigs,cats,rabbitsandsoon.Allthesecloneswerecreatedusingnucleartransfertechnology(細胞核移植技術(shù)).Whatanimalshavebeencloned?Scientistshavebeencloninga21Themuleinthepictureistheworld’sfirstclonedmule.Itwasbornon4May2003.HisnameisIdahoGem.

Themuleinthepictureisthe22ThekitteninthepictureiscalledCc.Itsnameisfrom“Copycat”.ItwasborninDecember2002.Thekitteninthepictureisc23Thesefemalepigsarealsocloned.TheyarebornonChristmasDay2001.TheyareNoel,Angel,Star,JoyandMary.Thesefemalepigsarealsoclo24Thepairofcalveswerebornon5July1998inIshikawa,Japan.TheyweretwoyearsyoungerthanDolly,beingsecondadultanimalclonesintheworld.Thepairofcalveswereborno25Ifpossible,doyouwantanotherpersontobeexactlythesameasyou?Whyorwhynot?DiscussionIfpossible,doyouwantanoth26ImportanteventsincloninghistoryImportanteventsincloninghi27In5000B.C.(谷物選種)

Humanbeingsbegantochoosethebestseedsfromsomekindsofcrops.Thatwasthebeginningofcontrollinglifeaccordingtohuman’swill.In5000B.C.(谷物選種)Humanbein28In1952:Cloningtadpole(克隆蝌蚪)TheAmericanscientistscreatedacopyoftadpolebymeansofusingatadpolecell.Thistinytadpolehasbecomethefirstkindofcloninganimal.In1952:Cloningtadpole(克隆蝌蚪29

In1978:

Thefirstcaseoftubeinfant(試管嬰兒)appeared.☆A(yù)Britishdoctorusedthesperm(精子)ofamanandfertilized(使受精)itinatesttube(試管)andthentransplanted(移植)theembryo(胚胎)intothewomb(子宮)ofahealthymother.☆Thefirsttubeinfantcalled

Louisappeared.In1978:Thefirstcaseof30In1996:Thefamoussheep“Dolly”wasclonedsuccessfully.In1996:Thefamoussheep“Dol31Dollyistogetherwithhermother.Dollyistogetherwithhermot32

In1998:Aseriesofthingswerecloned.ThescientistsinHawaiiUniversityclonedover50mice.Someprivateinstitutions(協(xié)會)successfullyclonedlittleoxen.In1998:Aseriesofthings33Nowadays:☆Cloneddogs,mice,rabbits,goats,oxen,pigsappeared.☆Chinabecametheseventhcountrythathastheabilitytoclonepigs.☆Chinahassucceededinusingembryonic(胚胎的)cellstoclonemanyanimals.Nowadays:341Clonecanbefrombothnaturalcloneandman-madeclone.2Thesheep,namedKittywasthefirstsuccessfulcloneofamammal.3Onlystrawberriesandcactuses

(仙人掌)arenaturalclones.4SinceDolly,researchershaveclonedanumberoflargeandsmallanimalsincludingcats,rabbitsandhorses.Aparentcancloneachildwhoisdyingofaterminalillness(不治之癥).TorF1Clonecanbefrombothnatur35Accordingtowhatwe’velearned,inpairsdiscusswhatyouunderstandaboutcloning.Thenlistthequestionsyouwanttofindout.Shareyourlistswithoneanother.Accordingtowhatwe’velearne36Questionsaboutcloning1.Howisacloneproduced?2.Whatbenefitscanhumansgainfromcloning?3.Whatproblemsmayarisewhenhumansarecloned?Questionsaboutcloning1.How371.Howisacloneproduced?Thecloningofplantsissimpleandrelativelyeasy.Itcanbedonebytakingcuttings(man-madecloning)orlettingtheplantproduceitsownrunners(naturalcloning).Thecloningofanimalsismorecomplicated.Itwasnotachieveduntil1996.1.Howisacloneproduced?The382.Whatbenefitscanhumansgainfromcloning?1)Medicalcloningcanhelpcureseriousillnessesthatruinone’squalityoflife(suchasParkinson’sdisease帕金森氏癥orAlzheimer’sdisease阿爾茨海默氏癥).2)Itcanhelpinfertilepeoplehavebabies.2.Whatbenefitscanhumansga393.Whatproblemsmayarisewhenhumansarecloned?1)Peoplemaywanttoclonethemselvessotheycanliveforever.2)Peoplemaywanttoclonedeadchildren.3)Peoplemaywanttoclonetheirfavouritepets.3.Whatproblemsmayarisewhe40ABA:Ithinkcloningisgoodforus.Because…B:Ithinkcloningisbadforus.Because…Iscloninggoodorbadforus?DebateABA:Ithinkcloningisgoodf41Theseexpressionsmayhelp.

Doyouthinkitiswiseto…?What’syouropinionof…?Ithinkyoushould…Iagreewithyouthat…Iwouldneveraccept…I’mhappytoacceptaclonebut…Iwouldneveracceptaclone…Idon’tmindbut…Theseexpressionsmayhelp.Do42HomeworkLookupthenewwordsandexpressionsoftheReadinginthedictionary.2.PreviewtheReading:

CLONING:WHEREISITLEADINGUS?HomeworkLookupthenewwords43Cloning

Unit2CloningUnit244differvi.不同;相異differvi.不同;相異45人教版高中英語選修8-Unit-2《Clonin課件46ObjectiveTolearnsomebasicinformationaboutcloning.ObjectiveTolearnsomebasici47Cloning?Cloning?48Acloneisananimalorplantproducednaturallyorartificiallyfromthecellsofanotheranimalorplantandisexactlythesameasit.Cloningisaway

ofmakinganexactcopy

ofanotheranimalorplant.TheclonehasthesameDNAastheparent.What’scloning?SoundsReasonable?Acloneisananimalorplant49

Therearedifferenttypesofcloning,andcloningtechnologiescanbeusedforotherpurposesbesidesproducingthegenetictwinofanotherorganism.Thethreetypes

ofcloningtechnologiesare:

(1)recombinantDNAtechnologyorDNAcloning（基因重組克隆技術(shù)）(2)reproductivecloning（生殖性克?。?3)therapeuticcloning（治療性克?。㏕herearedifferenttypeso50克隆一詞是英文單詞clone的音譯，作為名詞，clone通常被意譯為無性繁殖系。同一克隆的所有成員的遺傳構(gòu)成是完全相同的，例外僅見于有突變發(fā)生時。自然界早已存在天然植物、動物和微生物的克隆?？寺∫辉~是英文單詞clone的音譯，作為名詞，clone通常51人們開始探索用人工的方法來生產(chǎn)高等動物克隆。這樣，克隆一詞就開始被用作動詞，指人工培育克隆動物這一動作。目前，生產(chǎn)哺乳動物克隆的方法主要有胚胎分割和細胞核移植兩種?？寺⊙颉岸嗬颉?，以及其后各國科學(xué)家培育的各種克隆動物，采用的都是細胞核移植技術(shù)。人們開始探索用人工的方法來生產(chǎn)高等動物克隆。52所謂細胞核移植，是指將不同發(fā)育時期的胚胎或成體動物的細胞核，經(jīng)顯微手術(shù)和細胞融合方法移植到去核卵母細胞中，重新組成胚胎并使之發(fā)育成熟的過程。由于細胞核移植是產(chǎn)生克隆動物的有效方法，故人們往往把它稱為動物克隆技術(shù)。所謂細胞核移植，是指將不同發(fā)育時期的胚胎或成體動物的細胞核，53Inpairs,lookatthesepicturesanddiscusswhichonesarenaturalclonesandwhichonesareman-made.Thinkabouthowtheydiffer.QuizInpairs,lookatthesepictur54DollythesheepAstrawberryplantNaturalcloneMan-madecloneDollythesheepAstrawberrypl55一株草莓依靠它沿地“爬走”的匍匐莖,一年內(nèi)就能長出數(shù)百株草莓苗。一株草莓依靠它沿地“爬走”的匍匐莖,一年內(nèi)就能長出數(shù)百株草56GrowingnewplantsTwinsNaturalcloneMan-madecloneGrowingnewplantsTwinsNatural57Naturalclone

isonethatoccursinnaturewithouthumanhelp.Man-madeclone

isonethatisproducedthroughhumanintervention(介入).CloneCanyoutellthedifferencebetweennaturalcloneandman-madeclone?Naturalcloneisonethatoccu58Cactus(仙人掌)Pendulumorchid(吊蘭)naturalcloneexamplesCactus(仙人掌)Pendulumorchidnat59人教版高中英語選修8-Unit-2《Clonin課件60man-madecloneexamplesI'mcelebrityinthehistoryofcloning.

Doyouknowmyname?man-madecloneexamplesI'mce61Dolly,thefirstmammaltobeclonedfromadultDNA,wasputdownbylethalinjectiononFeb.14,2003.Priortoherdeath,Dollyhadbeensufferingfromlungcancerandcripplingarthritis(嚴重的關(guān)節(jié)炎).CelebritySheepDollyDolly,thefirstmammalto62Dolly是世界上第一例用體細胞——乳腺上皮細胞，通過細胞核移植技術(shù)，在復(fù)雜的人工操作下，得到的一只小綿羊。Dolly是世界上第一例用體細胞——乳腺上皮細胞，通過細胞核63Scientistshavebeencloninganimalsformanyyears.ThecreationofDollyisthefirstmammalclonedfromthecellofanadultanimal.SinceDolly,researchershaveclonedanumberoflargeandsmallanimalsincludingsheep,goats,oxen,mice,pigs,cats,rabbitsandsoon.Allthesecloneswerecreatedusingnucleartransfertechnology(細胞核移植技術(shù)).Whatanimalshavebeencloned?Scientistshavebeencloninga64Themuleinthepictureistheworld’sfirstclonedmule.Itwasbornon4May2003.HisnameisIdahoGem.

Themuleinthepictureisthe65ThekitteninthepictureiscalledCc.Itsnameisfrom“Copycat”.ItwasborninDecember2002.Thekitteninthepictureisc66Thesefemalepigsarealsocloned.TheyarebornonChristmasDay2001.TheyareNoel,Angel,Star,JoyandMary.Thesefemalepigsarealsoclo67Thepairofcalveswerebornon5July1998inIshikawa,Japan.TheyweretwoyearsyoungerthanDolly,beingsecondadultanimalclonesintheworld.Thepairofcalveswereborno68Ifpossible,doyouwantanotherpersontobeexactlythesameasyou?Whyorwhynot?DiscussionIfpossible,doyouwantanoth69ImportanteventsincloninghistoryImportanteventsincloninghi70In5000B.C.(谷物選種)

Humanbeingsbegantochoosethebestseedsfromsomekindsofcrops.Thatwasthebeginningofcontrollinglifeaccordingtohuman’swill.In5000B.C.(谷物選種)Humanbein71In1952:Cloningtadpole(克隆蝌蚪)TheAmericanscientistscreatedacopyoftadpolebymeansofusingatadpolecell.Thistinytadpolehasbecomethefirstkindofcloninganimal.In1952:Cloningtadpole(克隆蝌蚪72

In1978:

Thefirstcaseoftubeinfant(試管嬰兒)appeared.☆A(yù)Britishdoctorusedthesperm(精子)ofamanandfertilized(使受精)itinatesttube(試管)andthentransplanted(移植)theembryo(胚胎)intothewomb(子宮)ofahealthymother.☆Thefirsttubeinfantcalled

Louisappeared.In1978:Thefirstcaseof73In1996:Thefamoussheep“Dolly”wasclonedsuccessfully.In1996:Thefamoussheep“Dol74Dollyistogetherwithhermother.Dollyistogetherwithhermot75

In1998:Aseriesofthingswerecloned.ThescientistsinHawaiiUniversityclonedover50mice.Someprivateinstitutions(協(xié)會)successfullyclonedlittleoxen.In1998:Aseriesofthings76Nowadays:☆Cloneddogs,mice,rabbits,goats,oxen,pigsappeared.☆Chinabecametheseventhcountrythathastheabilitytoclonepigs.☆Chinahassucceededinusingembryonic(胚胎的)cellstoclonemanyanimals.Nowadays:771Clonecanbefrombothnaturalcloneandman-madeclone.2Thesheep,namedKittywasthefirstsuccessfulcloneofamammal.3Onlystrawberriesandcactuses

(仙人掌)arenaturalclones.4SinceDolly,researchershaveclonedanumberoflargeandsmallanimalsincludingcats,rabbitsandhorses.Aparentcancloneachildwhoisdyingofaterminalillness(不治之癥).TorF1Clonecanbefrombothnatur78Accordingtowhatwe’velearned,inpairsdiscusswhatyouunderstandaboutcloning.Thenlistthequestionsyouwanttofindout.Shareyourlistswithoneanother.Accordingtowhatwe’velearne79Questionsaboutcloning1.Howisacloneproduced?2.Whatbenefitscanhumansgainfromcloning?3.Whatproblemsmayarisewhenhumansarec