2016年高考復(fù)習(xí)-動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)

2016年高考復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的主要考點(diǎn)1、考查在語(yǔ)境中推斷動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用實(shí)力。?？嫉臅r(shí)態(tài)為：一般現(xiàn)在、一般過(guò)去、一般將來(lái)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行、過(guò)去進(jìn)行、現(xiàn)在完成、過(guò)去完成、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行、過(guò)去將來(lái)等。2、時(shí)間、條件、讓步等狀語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)；主從句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)問(wèn)題。3、持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞的用法區(qū)分。4、及物動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。5、系動(dòng)詞的用法特點(diǎn)。6、某些以主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的動(dòng)詞的用法。近五年動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)在高考中的復(fù)現(xiàn)率?？紩r(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)考查比例較大的幾點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)一般將來(lái)時(shí)最常用的幾種時(shí)態(tài)與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的搭配often,always,usually,sometimes,onSunday,every…,atweekends,onceinawhile,threetimesaday…(right)now,atthismoment,atpresent,forthetimebeing,thisyear,always,…for,since,sofar,in/over/duringthepast/lastfewyears,lately,recently,just,uptonow,uptillnow,already,yet,ever,never,twice,threetimes,before,…allthetime,allthismorning,for,since,inthepastfewyears,…最常用的幾種時(shí)態(tài)與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的搭配yesterday,last…,thedaybeforeyesterday,…ago,in2000,inthepast,theotherday,justnow,onceuponatime,…

at10lastnight,then,thismorning,atthattime/moment,thistimeyesterday,lastyear,always,…by+過(guò)去時(shí)間，bythen,bytheendof+過(guò)去時(shí)間，bythetimeyoudidsth,…..最常用的幾種時(shí)態(tài)與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的搭配tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,in2020,inafewyears,infuture,inthefuture,soon,next…,anotherday,…at10tomorrow,then,thistimetomorrow,nextyear,…by+將來(lái)時(shí)間,bythen,bytheendof+將來(lái)時(shí)間,bythetimeyoudosth,…考題點(diǎn)擊1、21.Monthsagowesailedtenthousandmilesacrossthisopensea,which___thePacific,andwemetnostorms.A．wascalled

B．iscalled

C．hadbeencalled

D．hasbeencalled2.I_____ping-pongquitewell,butIhaven’thadtimetoplaysincethenewyear.A.willplayB.haveplayedC.playedD.playB本題的干擾源為上下文的過(guò)去時(shí)，但“被稱為太平洋”是客觀事實(shí)，只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。常識(shí)告知我們，一個(gè)人一旦獲得某種技能，一般是不會(huì)在短期內(nèi)失去的，所以需用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。D一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示：1.常常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。2.主語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在的特征、性格和狀態(tài)。3.客觀真理。Heseldomasksmeforadvice.Thereareregularflightsbetweenthetwocities.Chinaisadevelopingcountrywhichbelongstothethirdworld.Allthelivingthingsontheearthdependonthesun.考題點(diǎn)擊3

Idon’tknowwhenhe____,butwhenhe____,Iwillletyouknow.A.willcome,willcomeB.comes,comesC.willcome,comesD.comes,willcomeC第一個(gè)when引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，從句表將來(lái)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。其次個(gè)when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表將來(lái)。還有條件、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句也如此。這時(shí)，主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，“主將從現(xiàn)”。Ifyou__________(不去)theretomorrow,_______________(我也不去)._______________________________(無(wú)論你給他多少建議),hewilldoexactlywhathewants.Takeanumbrella______________(以防下雨).neither/norwillIHowevermuchadviceyougivehimincaseitrainsdon’tgoThenexttrain_________(leave)at3o’clockthisafternoon.Thefilm_________(start)atseveno’clockand_________(end)atnineo’clockthisevening.Theplane_________(take)offat8:00a.m..Itis7:10a.m.now.Wemusthurryup.leavesstartsendstakes4.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示按支配或支配要做的動(dòng)作（有具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）。限于come,go,leave,begin,start,end,open,close,return,arrive,takeoff,stop,depart等。Thefilm,____________(start)atseveno’clock,attractedmanyyoungpeople.startingTranslation:公共汽車來(lái)了。鈴響了。Herecomesthebus.Theregoesthebell.用于倒裝句，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。=Thebusiscoming.=Thebellisringing.Makesurethatallthewindows____________(close)beforeyouleavetheroom.areclosedmakesure(that)后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。寫作句型：隨著…而來(lái)的是…倒裝句Alongwith…,therecome(s)…Alongwiththephysicalchanges,therecomesomepsychologicalchanges.考題點(diǎn)擊4、54.

SinceIwonthebigprize,mytelephonehasn'tstoppedringing.People_____toaskhowIamgoingtospendthemoney.A.phone

B.willphoneC.werephoningD.arephoning5.Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology_____sorapidly.A.ischanging B.haschanged C.willhavechanged D.willchangeD自從我贏了大獎(jiǎng)，人們不停地打電話來(lái)問(wèn)我將怎樣運(yùn)用這筆錢。此處的arephoning表示“在不停的打電話”。A選擇移動(dòng)電話難的緣由是由于科技正在飛速發(fā)展，表日新月異的變更，所以要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法：Look！Itisrainingcatsanddogsnow.表現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行（說(shuō)話的瞬間）的動(dòng)作。2.表當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（說(shuō)話時(shí)不確定正在進(jìn)行）。3.表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)主語(yǔ)的行為表示贊美或厭惡，常與always,constantly等連用。4.表示按支配或支配在最近要進(jìn)行的事情。go,come,leave,start,arrive,return,sleep,stay,do,leave,wear,work等表移動(dòng)、方向的動(dòng)詞。Iamwritinganovelthesedays.Thechildrenarealwaysmakingtrouble.Hismoneyisrunningout.◆Wemustlookaroundwhen_________(cross)theroad.Takecarewhile________(ride)abicycle.crossingridingwhenwearecrossingtheroadwhileyouareridingabicycle省略句：時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中假如是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，引導(dǎo)詞后可省略主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞，干脆用v-ing的形式。◆_____________________________________(參與會(huì)議的有700學(xué)生)fromPekingUniversity.______________________________(一幅畫掛在墻上)byQiBaishi.Attendingthemeetingare700studentsHangingonthewallisapainting倒裝句：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的句子，可以把doing表語(yǔ)提到句首，用全部倒裝。Doing+be+主語(yǔ)?？碱}點(diǎn)擊6、7

6._____mysisterthreetimestodaybutherlinewasalwaysbusy.A.I’dphoned B.I’vebeenphoningC.I’vephoned D.Iwasphoning7.Thoughwedon’tknowwhatwasdiscussed,butwecanfeelthetopic_____.A.hadchangedB.willchangeC.waschangedD.hasbeenchangedCD此題的干擾源是后面的wasbusy。今日打了三次電話是用來(lái)表示結(jié)果的，只能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；而每次她都占線是表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。盡管不知道探討過(guò)什么，但感覺(jué)到話題已經(jīng)改換了，表示結(jié)果?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的用法：Ihaveseenthefilmalready.Ihavehadlunch.Iamnothungry.Hehaslivedheresince10yearsago.HehasbeentoLondonthreetimes.1.到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。3.過(guò)去已經(jīng)起先，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常和表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。2.過(guò)去發(fā)生或已完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響。4.表反復(fù)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與…times連用?！?---_____you______(have)lunchyet?-----Yes.I_______(have)lunchathome.Havehadhad到現(xiàn)在為止是否已經(jīng)吃飯了，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)?；卮饡r(shí)表具體在哪里吃的，表過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。◆ItisthemostinstructivelecturethatI________________(ever,attend).haveeverattended在“最高級(jí)+名詞”之后跟定語(yǔ)從句，從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)?！鬞hisisthefirsttimethatI_____________(visit)yourcountry.havevisitedIt/Thisisthefirst/second/last…timethat從句中用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。It/Thiswasthefirst/second/last…timethat從句中用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。◆Thatmancan’tbeGreen;he_____totheUSA.A.wentB.hasgoneC.hasbeentoD.hadgoneBwent只表過(guò)去曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地，和現(xiàn)在沒(méi)關(guān)系。hasgoneto表去…了(或到了或在途中)，hasbeento去過(guò)…(已回來(lái))◆Wewillsetoffatonceiftherain____________(stop).You’dbetternotgiveupthisjobuntilyou___________(find)abetterone.hasstoppedhavefound用于時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示從句動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)作之前完成◆Thebook,whichbecamethebest-seller,waswrittenbyArthur’swife,Joan,whomhe___________________(marry)for52years.hasbeenmarriedtomarry是終止性動(dòng)詞，不行與持續(xù)性狀語(yǔ)for,since等連用，需把終止性動(dòng)詞變成可持續(xù)的動(dòng)詞形式bemarriedto。其它詞有：die---come---leave--begin—join---become—borrow---buy---getintouchwith---fallinlovewith---bedeadbeherebeaway(from)beonbeinbekeephavebeintouchwithbeinlovewith考題點(diǎn)擊8、9

8.---Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.---Iamtired.I_____thelivingroomallday.A.painted B.hadpainted C.havebeenpaintingD.havepainted9.Nowthatsheisoutofajob,Lucy______goingbacktoschool,butshehasn’tdecidedyet.Ahadconsidered Bhasbeenconsidering Cconsidered Disgoingtoconsider她“始終在考慮返?！笔乾F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，“還沒(méi)作確定”是現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果。CB這句話的意思是“我一成天都在刷起居室”，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示從過(guò)去起先的一個(gè)動(dòng)作始終持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，而且還在進(jìn)行當(dāng)中。強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“始終在做”?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法：Sheisverytired.Shehasbeentypinglettersallday.Alltheseyearstheyhavebeencontributingarticlestoourmagazine.1.表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻起先的動(dòng)作始終持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，甚至?xí)掷m(xù)到將來(lái)（強(qiáng)調(diào)持續(xù)）。2.到現(xiàn)在為止的一段時(shí)間里一再反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。高考題點(diǎn)擊10、11、12：10.---Nancyisnotcomingtonight.---Butshe_____!A.promisesB.promised C.willpromiseD.hadpromised11.Myuncle_____untilhewasforty-five.A.married B.didn’tmarry C.wasnotmarrying D.wouldmarryNancy答應(yīng)要來(lái)這個(gè)動(dòng)作應(yīng)當(dāng)發(fā)生在過(guò)去，是過(guò)去作出的承諾。until用在確定句中時(shí)，主句的動(dòng)詞必需是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示該動(dòng)作始終持續(xù)到until后的時(shí)間為止；短暫性動(dòng)詞只能用在否定句中，表示直到此時(shí)該動(dòng)作才起先。本題中marry是短暫性動(dòng)詞，所以只能用在否定句中。BB12.---Youhaven’tsaidawordaboutmynewcoat,Brenda.Doyoulikeit?---I’msorryI_______anythingaboutitsooner.Icertainlythinkit’sprettyonyou.A.wasn’tsaying B.don’tsay C.won’tsay D.didn’tsay本題的干擾源來(lái)自上下文中的時(shí)態(tài)，上文用的是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，下文用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以有些人就誤以為此處該用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)了。但依據(jù)說(shuō)話人的意思不難發(fā)覺(jué)，沒(méi)有說(shuō)出自己的評(píng)價(jià)是在這段對(duì)話以前的事了，所以要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。D一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法：TheGreatWallcameintobeingin221BC.WheninShanghai,Ioftenwenttoschoolbybus.Heputafingerinhismouth,tasteditandsmiledwithsatisfaction.Hesaidhewouldcallusassoonashearrivedhome.1.表過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常與表過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。2.表過(guò)去一段時(shí)間里常?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的行為。usedtodo和woulddo也表這意思。3.表過(guò)去先后發(fā)生的一連串的動(dòng)作。前若干動(dòng)作后用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，最終兩個(gè)之間用and連接。4.在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。比較

Hewillcometothepartyifhe________(be)free.Hesaidhe___________(come)tothepartyifhe________(be)free.iswouldcomewasis,was表示現(xiàn)在和過(guò)去將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)原則：當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，賓語(yǔ)從句只能用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)（一過(guò)、過(guò)進(jìn)、過(guò)完、過(guò)將），除非是客觀真理，總用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Ididn’tknowwhere_____mypurse.A.haveIputB.hadIputC.IhaveputD.IhadputD依據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)原則解除A,C,依據(jù)陳述句語(yǔ)序選D◆WhenAlicecameto,shedidnotknowhowlongshe______there.A.hadbeenlyingB.hasbeenlyingC.waslyingD.haslain◆ThemomentIgothome,IfoundI____mywalletontheplayground.A.hadleftB.hasleftC.haveleftD.wasleavingAA依據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)原則解除B,C,依據(jù)時(shí)間先后選A依據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)原則解除B,D,依據(jù)時(shí)間的先后選A◆Edward,youplaysowell.ButI_____youplayedthepiano.A.didn’tknowB.hadn’tknownC.don’tknowD.haven’tknownAC,D與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)，表示現(xiàn)在不知道。依據(jù)句意，指過(guò)去不知道，現(xiàn)在已知道。B表過(guò)去的過(guò)去，這里只表現(xiàn)在的過(guò)去?！?--Alanisillinhospital.----Oh,really?I_____________(not,know).I__________(go)andvisither.◆Whatanicehouse!I_______________(never,think)thatonedayI________________(live)insuchabeautifulhouse.◆---Alice,hereisyourcarkey,inthedrawer.----Thankyou.I_______________(not,realize)thatI_____________(leave)ithere.didn’tknowwillgoneverthoughtwouldlivedidn’trealizehadleftAlice_____inAmericafor10years,butsheneverregretsshehascomebacktoChina.A.hasworkedB.workedC.hadworkedD.hasbeenworkingBItissaidinthebookthatThomasEdison(1847-1931)____theworldleadinginventorfor60years.A.wouldbeB.hadbeenC.hasbeenD.was易錯(cuò)題D誤選A，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是包括現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間在內(nèi)的。這里表已經(jīng)回來(lái)了，在美國(guó)工作成為了過(guò)去，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。for60years未必只能和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。這里是講解并描述過(guò)去一段時(shí)間的閱歷，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。Itistimeyou____________________(擔(dān)當(dāng)責(zé)任).Itistimeyou_____________________(進(jìn)行休學(xué)實(shí)踐年).tookontheresponsibilitytookthegapyearItistime(that)sb.didsth.虛擬語(yǔ)氣：“該做某事的時(shí)候了”。_______________(假如我是你的話),Iwoulddistributethemoneytothepoor.________________(假如我有一百萬(wàn)),Iwouldtraveltoeverypointofthecompass.IfIwereyouIfIhadamilliondollarsIf虛擬條件句中，與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示。Itwasnotlongbeforethey_________(occupy)thecitycenterItwasnotlongsincethey__________(occupy)thecitycenter.occupied不久之后就…h(huán)adoccupied自從…有多久了考題點(diǎn)擊1313.Themanagerhadfallenasleepwherehe_____,withoutundressing.A.waslayingB.waslyingC.hadlaidD.hadliedB該題的意思為“經(jīng)理躺在那兒睡著了，衣服也沒(méi)脫”?！疤伞笔且粋€(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞，其過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞為“l(fā)ay;lain”。lay是及物動(dòng)詞，過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞為laid；lied是“說(shuō)謊”的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法：ThefirsttimeIsawher,shewasstandinginhisstudy.Hewaswritinganovellastyear,butIdon’tknowifhehasfinishedit.Hewasconstantlyleavingthingshereandthereatthattime.Hesaidhewascomingtoseeyouthenextmonth.1.過(guò)去每一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，除有上下文示意外，一般和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。2.過(guò)去某一時(shí)間段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。3.與always或constantly連用，表示說(shuō)話人過(guò)去對(duì)主語(yǔ)的行為表贊美或厭惡等。4.表過(guò)去將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，一般限于表移動(dòng)，方向的動(dòng)詞。IwaswonderingifIcouldaskyouaquestion?Mybrotherfellwhilehewasridinghisbicycleandhurthimself.5.某些表心理活動(dòng)的詞，用于過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示委婉、客氣，而不表過(guò)去。6.描述一件事情發(fā)生的背景?？碱}點(diǎn)擊1414.Asshe____thenewspaper,Granny____asleep.A.read,wasfallingB.wasreading,fellC.wasreading,wasfalling D.read,fell一般來(lái)說(shuō)在復(fù)合句中的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作，持續(xù)性的動(dòng)作（長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作）大都用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，短暫性的動(dòng)作（短動(dòng)作）用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，表示在某個(gè)動(dòng)作進(jìn)行的過(guò)程當(dāng)中另一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生了。B◆They____________(have)ameetingwhenthefire________(break)out.◆Jane___________(meet)Frankwhileshe______________(live)inHolleywood.◆TheUFO__________(travel)fromeasttowestwhenI_________(see)it.werehavingbrokemetwaslivingwastravellingsaw----PleaserepeatwhatIsaidjustnow.----Sorry,I_____.A.didn’tlistenB.wasn’tlisteningC.hadn’tlistenedD.won’tlistenBwhenyousaidit.----Wecouldhavegotinfornothing.----Yes,nobody____tickets.A.collectedB.hascollectedC.wascollectingD.hadcollectedCwhenwegotin.在隱含過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示“當(dāng)時(shí)正在做某事”時(shí)，可以在后面加上when從句理解。比較：

He__________(write)anovellastyear.He__________anovellastyear,butIdon’tknowwhetherhehasfinishedit.wrotewaswriting當(dāng)時(shí)正在寫寫完了寫作：描述背景這是一個(gè)寒冷的冬天。北風(fēng)猛烈的刮，厚厚的雪落下來(lái)。一個(gè)可憐的小女孩在街上走，這時(shí)…Itwasacoldwinter.Thenorthwindwasblowinghardandheavysnowwasfalling.Apoorgirlwaswalkinginthestreetwhen……was/weredoingsth.when…didsth….句型：…正在做某事，這時(shí)…考題點(diǎn)擊15、1615.Thelittlegirl____herheartoutbecauseshe____hertoybearandbelievedshewasn’tevergoingtofindit.A.hadcried,lost B.cried,hadlost C.hascried,haslost D.cries,haslost16.—Hurryup!AliceandSuearewaitingforyouattheschoolgate.—Oh!Ithoughtthey_____withoutme.

A.went

B.aregoing

C.havegone

D.hadgoneBD依據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)原則解除B，C。“他沒(méi)叫我就走了”這個(gè)動(dòng)作明顯發(fā)生在“我認(rèn)為”之前。所以必需用過(guò)去完成時(shí)?？薜秒y過(guò)發(fā)生在過(guò)去，而丟玩具熊發(fā)生在哭之前。兩個(gè)發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，之前發(fā)生的用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，之后發(fā)生的用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法：

Hehadworkedtherefor10yearsbeforehereachedCanada.Bytheendoflastyear,thepowerplanthadbeencompleted.Hetoldmehehadmademuchprogress.Wehadhopedtocatchthe9:30train,butwefailedto.1.表在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，表“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。這個(gè)時(shí)間可用短語(yǔ)或從句表示，也可上下文加以襯托。2.用在主句是過(guò)去時(shí)的間接引語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)從句中，表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。3.表過(guò)去本準(zhǔn)備實(shí)現(xiàn)而未實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望或支配。常用的動(dòng)詞有hope,want,expect,think,mean,suppose,plan,intend等Ifyou___________(win)thefirstplaceinthelastexam,you_____________(get)theiPadasagiftfromyourfather.Butyoudidn’t.hadwonwouldhavegot虛擬語(yǔ)氣中與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，if從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。HowIwishI_____________(take)youradvicelasttime.Ifonlyyou____________(donate)moremoneyyesterday.I’dratheryou___________(tell)himthetruthwhenyousawhimlasttime.hadtakenhaddonatedhadtoldWish,ifonly,wouldrather后的賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。考題點(diǎn)擊17、18Twentyyearsagonobodycouldpredicthe_____suchafamousscientist.A.becameB.willbecomeC.havebecomeD.wouldbecomeThediscoveryofgoldinAustralialedthousandstobelievethatafortune____.A.ismadeB.wouldmakeC.wastobemadeD.hadmadeDC20年前預(yù)料將來(lái)，表過(guò)去的將來(lái)，用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。過(guò)去的一個(gè)發(fā)覺(jué)使得人們信任將來(lái)可以發(fā)財(cái)，是過(guò)去將來(lái)。過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的用法：Hetoldmethathewouldtakeanimportantexamthenextweek.Thetimewasnotfaroffwhenhewouldregretthisdecision.表示在過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻看來(lái)將要發(fā)生的事，常常用于主句謂語(yǔ)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)的賓語(yǔ)從句中。過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的其它表示：LastFridaywedecidedweweregoingtotheGreatWall.ItwasreportedthatanotherbridgewastobebuiltacrosstheYangtzeRiver.Hedidn’tknowwhenyouwerecoming.Hewasabouttodivewhenhesawashark.ShewasonthepointofleavingwhenIarrived.was/weregoingtodosth.準(zhǔn)備was/weretodosth準(zhǔn)備、支配was/weredoingsth.將要was/wereabouttodosth.就要、剛要was/wereonthepointofdoingsth.剛要句型：…正在做某事，這時(shí)……剛要去做某事，這時(shí)……就要去做某事，這時(shí)..was/weredoingsth.when…didsth.was/wereabouttodosth.when…didsth.Was/wereonthepointofdoingsth.when…didsth.考題點(diǎn)擊19、20：Ifaman_____succeed,hemustworkashardashecan.A.will B.isto C.isgoingtoD.should20.---You’veleftthelighton.---Oh,soIhave._____andturnitoff.A.I’llgo B.I’vegoneC.IgoD.I’mgoingBA此句的意思為“假如一個(gè)人想要成功，就必需盡力而為”。If引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句，不能用將來(lái)時(shí)。而beto結(jié)構(gòu)雖然表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，但它不屬于將來(lái)時(shí)。Willdo表臨時(shí)做出的確定。一般將來(lái)時(shí)的表示：WhenIretire,Ishallhavemoretimeforpainting.Theplayisgoingtobeputonnextmonth.HeandIaretomeetatthetheatre.Heisabouttostartonajourney.Howareyougoing,byboatorbytrain?I’lllethimknowifhecomeshere.will/shalldosth.將要begoingtodosth.準(zhǔn)備、將要betodosth.準(zhǔn)備、支配beabouttodosth.就要做…bedoing將要一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)

---Look!Thelightsintheroomarestillon.Youmusthaveforgottentoturnthemoff.---Sorry,I_____toturnthemoffnow.A.willgoB.amgoingC.amtogoD.havegoneAwilldo通常指純粹的將來(lái)或事先未支配好的，臨時(shí)性的確定。begoingto表事先有支配的意圖，是經(jīng)過(guò)考慮的。側(cè)重于說(shuō)話者個(gè)人意圖或準(zhǔn)備。也表某種客觀跡象預(yù)示即將會(huì)發(fā)生。beto表按支配、支配將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，側(cè)重于受別人的指示或支配。表由于客觀因素或不受人的限制將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，只用begoingto，不用betoItisgoingtorain.AmItofinishtheworkonmyown?Iamgoingtotrymybesttohelpher.客觀跡象別人支配個(gè)人意圖betodosth.的幾種用法：Atallbuildingistobebuiltinthisarea.（按支配支配）準(zhǔn)備、將要做Nobodyistoleavetheroomwithoutmypermission.(按叮囑、指示、約定、要求等)必需，必要，應(yīng)當(dāng)做Troublesnevercomesingly.Theworstisstilltocome.表后來(lái)命運(yùn)注定會(huì)發(fā)生Ifyouaretopasstheexam,youwillhavetostudyharderfromnowon.(用于條件句)想，想要做Standhigher,andyou________(see)farther.Studyhard,oryou________(fall)behindothers.willseewillfall祈使句+and/or+一般將來(lái)時(shí)…,就會(huì)/否則…It_______(be)longbeforeheshowsupagain.willbeItwillbe…beforesb.doessth.多久之后才/就…考題點(diǎn)擊21

Ifyouplantwatermelonseedsinthespring,you____freshwatermeloninthefall.A.eatB.wouldeatC.haveeatenD.willbeeatingD在春天種下西瓜子，將在秋天收獲簇新的西瓜。相當(dāng)于willeatWillbedoing在單純表示將來(lái)動(dòng)作時(shí)可以代替willdo,但是如表示說(shuō)話者主觀意圖，邀請(qǐng)或承諾時(shí)，通常用willdoWillyoubehavingdinnerathomethisevening?Willyouhavedinnerathomethisevening?Willyouhavedinnerwithmethisevening?邀請(qǐng)考題點(diǎn)擊22BythetimeJanegetshome,heraunt____forLondontoattendameeting.A.willleaveB.leavesC.willhaveleftD.leftC將來(lái)完成時(shí)的用法：到將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間為止將已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。Bynextmonth,we______________(save)enoughforausedcar.By10a.m.tomorrow,I___________________(finish)thespeechand_______________(have)achatwiththestudentsthen.willhavesavedwillhavefinishedwillbehaving被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的表示：一般時(shí)態(tài)：進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)：將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)：完成時(shí)態(tài)：寧愿被：最好被：準(zhǔn)備被：過(guò)去常常被情態(tài)動(dòng)詞is/am/are/was/weredoneis/am/are/was/werebeingdonewill/wouldbedonehave/has/hadbeendonewouldratherbedonehadbetterbedonebegoing