土木工程專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)詞匯短語(yǔ)總結(jié)第二版

本文檔來(lái)源于第一文庫(kù)網(wǎng)：/view/35EB39CDE275213C.html本文檔來(lái)源于第一文庫(kù)網(wǎng)：/view/35EB39CDE275213C.html用心打造免費(fèi)、綠色、專(zhuān)業(yè)、海量的教育文庫(kù)網(wǎng)站用心打造免費(fèi)、綠色、專(zhuān)業(yè)、海量的教育文庫(kù)網(wǎng)站本文檔來(lái)源于第一文庫(kù)網(wǎng)：/view/35EB39CDE275213C.html用心打造免費(fèi)、綠色、專(zhuān)業(yè)、海量的教育文庫(kù)網(wǎng)站土木工程專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)詞匯短語(yǔ)總結(jié)Lesson1IntroductiontoMechanicsofMaterials材料力學(xué)mechanicsofmaterials材料強(qiáng)度strengthofmaterials軸向受力桿件axially-loadedbars應(yīng)變strain應(yīng)力stress變形deformation臨界荷載criticalload拉壓剪tensioncompressionshear等直桿件prismaticbar軸力axialforce隔離體freebody拉力tensileforce截面crosssection形心centroid無(wú)量綱的量nondimensionalquantity可變形的deformable裝配，集合assembly推論derivation方程equation性能property棱柱的prismatic液體靜力學(xué)的hydrostatic集度，強(qiáng)度intensity合力resultant靜力學(xué)statics伸長(zhǎng)，延長(zhǎng)elongationLesson2TypesofBeamsandStressResultantsinBeams橫截的transverse對(duì)稱(chēng)symmetry彎曲bending不對(duì)稱(chēng)的unsymmetrical/asymmetrical銷(xiāo)軸pin滾軸roller移動(dòng)translate水平地horizontally支撐，支持sustain嵌住的built-in懸臂梁cantilever懸臂overhang均勻的，一致的uniformly力偶couple約束restraint柔性的flexible法向的，正態(tài)normal圖像diagram對(duì)稱(chēng)軸axisofsymmetry簡(jiǎn)支梁simplysupportedbeam(simplebeam)集中力concentratedforce分布力distributedload均布荷載uniformlydistributedload靜力學(xué)平衡方程equationofstaticequilibrium豎向verticaldirection跨度，區(qū)間span應(yīng)力分布distributionofstresses彎矩bendingmoment靜定staticallydeterminate水平約束horizontalrestraintLesson3PrincipalStressesinBeams法向應(yīng)力normalstress剪應(yīng)力shearstress橫截面crosssection中性軸neutralaxis主應(yīng)力principalstress彎矩M和剪力Vbendingmomentandshearforce主壓應(yīng)力compressiveprincipalstress主拉應(yīng)力tensileprincipalstress正交曲線orthogonalcurves應(yīng)力跡線stresstrajectory應(yīng)力等值線stresscontour局部效應(yīng)localizedeffects應(yīng)力集中stressconcentration大小，數(shù)量magnitude矩形的rectangular相交intersect腹板web連接junction角縫filletLesson4ContinuousBeams連續(xù)梁continuousbeam軸向變形axialdeformations銷(xiāo)軸支承pinsupport輥軸支承rollersupport靜不定次數(shù)thedegreeofstaticalindetermincy多余的redundant疊加、迭加superposition旋轉(zhuǎn)角anglesofrotation正彎矩positivebendingmoment形心間距centroidaldistance慣性矩inertia中間的intermediate有利的advantageous同時(shí)的simultaneous協(xié)調(diào)一致compactibilityLesson5Unit-loadMethodforCalculatingDisplacements單位荷載法：unit-loadmethod簡(jiǎn)單桁架simpletrusses靜定/靜不定結(jié)構(gòu)staticallydeterminate/indeterminatestructure虛荷載dummy/fictitiousload移動(dòng)translation共線反向力collinearandoppositelydirectedforces虛功virtualwork相對(duì)位移relativedisplacement扭轉(zhuǎn)力偶twistingcouple與。。。一致correspondto...籠統(tǒng)地inageneralizedsenseLesson6ReciprocalTheorems互等定理reciprocaltheorems位移。。。reciprocaldisplacementtheorem線彈性結(jié)構(gòu)linearlyelasticstructure相應(yīng)的概念theconceptofcorrespondence迭加原理principleofsuperposition應(yīng)變能strainenergy線性地linearly按順序insequence根據(jù)inaccordancewithLesson7Slipforms滑模（施工）slipform凸出物，凸部projection凹部depression擠壓成型extrusion企口，溝，槽groove厚板plank彎，起拱camber膨脹swell架yoke千斤頂jack腳手架scaffold誤差deviation推論derivation疊加(動(dòng)詞)superimpose逐漸變細(xì)taper橋墩bridgepiers鋼筋和預(yù)埋鐵件reinforcingsteelandmetalinserts摩擦friction氣動(dòng)pneumatically電動(dòng)electrically減少壓力conteractthepressure保持濕度keeptheconcretemoist噴霧器fogspray擔(dān)任actas在非常情況下inextremecases第8課：升板法Lift-SlabMethod施工方法methodofconstruction連續(xù)地insuccession底層的，下墊的underlying箱型出口box-out液壓千斤頂hydraulicjack錨桿anchor支撐，牛腿，托座bracket豎向支撐swaybracing橫向支撐lateralbracing剪力墻shearwall疊nest先張法pretensioning后張法posttensioning突（凸）出的protruding（開(kāi)）凹槽recess套筒式的telescopic吊桿，懸臂boom焊接weld屋頂層，閣樓garret起重機(jī)，吊車(chē)crane剛度核心coreofrigidity滑模slipform布置，定線layout地震引起的seismic預(yù)制，裝配prefabrictate第9課：挖掘excavation公制的模數(shù)單元metricmodularunitLesson13StrengthandDeformationofConcreteinCompressionshort-timeloading短期荷載stress-strainrelationship應(yīng)力應(yīng)變關(guān)系moderatetestingspeed中等試驗(yàn)速度compressivestrength抗壓強(qiáng)度high-strengthconcrete高強(qiáng)混凝土modulusofelasiticity彈性模量slope斜率stress-straincurve應(yīng)力應(yīng)變曲線reasonableaccuracy相當(dāng)精度empiricalequation經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式unitweigh單位重量hardenedconcrete硬結(jié)的混凝土sand-and-stoneconcrete砂石混凝土hydrate水化reinforced-concrete鋼筋混凝土lower-story較低層的high-risebuilding高層建筑brittleness脆性的specimen樣品longitudinal軸心的，縱向的schematically圖解法prestressedconcrete預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土cylinderstrength圓柱體強(qiáng)度conditionofloading加載條件internaldisintegrationofthematerial材料內(nèi)部分裂transverseto垂直于Poission’sratio泊松比longtimeloading長(zhǎng)期荷載engineeringmaterial工程材料durationofloading荷載持續(xù)時(shí)間rateofstress應(yīng)力變化率rateofloading加載速率behaviorofconcrete混凝土性能creep徐變propertyofmaterial材料性能continuedeforming持續(xù)變形considerablelengthoftime相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)constantstress恒定應(yīng)力instantaneousstrain瞬時(shí)應(yīng)變totaldeformation總變形solidcurve實(shí)現(xiàn)dashedcurve虛線elasticinstantaneousstain彈性瞬時(shí)應(yīng)變r(jià)eload重新加載beproportionalto…與…成比例ambientrelativehumidity環(huán)境相對(duì)濕度anoutwardmigrationoffreeporewater游離孔隙水向外流動(dòng)finalasymptoticvalue最終漸近值thecreepcoefficient徐變系數(shù)lesson14combinedstress聯(lián)合應(yīng)力footing基礎(chǔ)slab板principalstress主應(yīng)力biaxial雙軸的triaxial三軸的maximum-tensionstress最大拉應(yīng)力meannormalstress平均正應(yīng)力failurecriterion破環(huán)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)interactiondiagram相關(guān)圖nondimensionalize使無(wú)量綱化nondimensional無(wú)量鋼的quadrant扇形failureenvelope破壞包絡(luò)線uniaxialcompression單軸壓縮lesson15附加長(zhǎng)期繞度additionallongtimedeflection收縮shrinkage蠕變creep低/高強(qiáng)度low/high-strength一個(gè)當(dāng)量anequivalent長(zhǎng)期模量sustainedmodulus持續(xù)荷載sustainedloads瞬時(shí)繞度short-timedeflection/instantaneousdeflection受彎構(gòu)件flexuralmenber配合曲線curve-fitting正彎曲的positive-bending負(fù)彎曲的negative-bending正彎矩區(qū)和負(fù)彎矩區(qū)positive-andnegative-bendingregions受壓筋含鋼compression-steel受拉筋含鋼率tensile-steelradio參數(shù)parameter荷載與繞度load-deflection非線性nonlinear隨時(shí)間變化的time-dependent允許permit復(fù)雜的elaborate場(chǎng)所lieu直接的explicit高跨比span-depthradio單向one-way規(guī)定specify考慮takeaccountof指出，提出pointout近于closeto參照，關(guān)于withreferenceto取代，代替inlieuof連續(xù)梁continuousbeams荷載持續(xù)部分sustainedpartofload總繞度totaldeflection短期重荷載heavyshort-timeload短期峰值荷載short-timepeakload總荷載彎矩圖totalload-momentdiagram活荷載liveload單向?qū)嵭陌錽olidone-wayslabs單向加肋板ribbedone-wayslabs單位重unitweightlesson16均質(zhì)的homogeneous截面，段，節(jié)section結(jié)合，粘合bond膠粘劑，粘著的adhesive接觸，連接contact整塊，整段single-piece拋物線的parabolic自旋，螺旋spin邊，緣edge附近，近處vicinity中跨midspan限制，約束confine削弱，損害impair完整性，完善integrity適當(dāng)?shù)?，恰?dāng)?shù)腶dequately除……外exceptfor特別需要注意beofparticularconcert彈性材料elasticmaterial剪應(yīng)力shearstresses彎曲應(yīng)力bendingstresses分層梁laminatedbeam中和軸neutralaxis矩形整梁single-piecerectangularbeam豎直剪應(yīng)力verticalshearstresses橫截面面積cross-sectionalareaLesson17designforshearanddiagonaltension剪切與斜向拉伸設(shè)計(jì)flexuralrequirements抗彎要求prematurefailure過(guò)早的破壞longitudinalflexuralstress縱向彎曲應(yīng)力stirrup箍筋bent-uplongitudinalsteel彎起縱筋aggregateinterlock骨料咬合力maintain保持integrity整體性concretecompressionzone混凝土受壓區(qū)beboundedby……以……為邊界inclination傾角plain素的、不配筋的legs（箍筋的）肢twistingcouple扭轉(zhuǎn)力偶yieldpoint屈服點(diǎn)平衡原理reasonsofequilibrium平衡水平剪應(yīng)力equilibratinghorizontalshearinclinedcracks斜向裂縫edge-supportedslabs邊緣支承體ACICodeprocedures美國(guó)混凝土學(xué)會(huì)規(guī)范factoredloads計(jì)算荷載nominalshearstrength標(biāo)稱(chēng)抗剪強(qiáng)度websteel腹筋strength-reductionfactor強(qiáng)度折減系數(shù)conservatism保守主義conservative保守的failuremode破壞方式supportreactions支座反力effectivedepth有效高度tensile-steelratio受拉鋼筋配筋率provision條文（復(fù)數(shù)provisions）longitudinalspacing縱向間距yieldstrength屈服強(qiáng)度concrete–joist混凝土密肋flange翼緣lever杠桿leverarm力臂identical相同的analytically解析地、分析地primarily主要地chief主要的stresses應(yīng)力軌跡stresstrajectorieswebwidth腹板寬elsewhere其他部位dowelaction銷(xiāo)栓作用initiate開(kāi)始Lesson18torsion扭轉(zhuǎn)torsionalstrength抗扭強(qiáng)度longitudinalsplitting縱向劈裂torque扭矩spiral螺旋的inactuality實(shí)際上uponcracking一旦開(kāi)裂torsionalresistance抗扭力crackingtorque開(kāi)裂扭矩torque-twistcurve扭矩-扭轉(zhuǎn)曲線twist扭轉(zhuǎn)potentialfailuresurface可能的破壞面anchors錨固vand成立最外纖維outerfibers水平彎曲應(yīng)力horizontalbendingstresses斜向拉伸diagonaltensionLesson21Footing（foundation/substructure）Stratumn.層、地層（layer）soilstratumPilen.樁Caissonn.沉箱Strapn.條、帶Columnn.柱（interiorcolumn內(nèi)柱；exteriorcolumn外柱）Capitaln.柱頂、柱頭Perimetern.周?chē)?、圓周Concentricallyad.同心的、同軸的Eccentricallyad.偏心的Compactedad.密實(shí)的、夯實(shí)的Settlen.沉降Totalsettlement總沉降A(chǔ)llowablebearingpressure地基承載力Spreadfoundation擴(kuò)張基礎(chǔ)Beam-and-girderfloor肋形樓蓋Coarse-grainedsoils粗顆粒土（砂土）Differentialsettlement不均勻沉降Bearingpressure支承壓力Claysoils粘土Compressiblesoils壓縮性土Wallfooting墻基礎(chǔ)Columnfooting柱基礎(chǔ)Single-columnfooting單柱基礎(chǔ)（獨(dú)立柱基礎(chǔ)）Combinedfooting復(fù)試基礎(chǔ)、聯(lián)合基礎(chǔ)Strapfooting條形基礎(chǔ)Matfoundation板式基礎(chǔ)、滿(mǎn)堂基礎(chǔ)Raftfoundation浮筏基礎(chǔ)Lesson22stepsinstructuredesignprocessEstheticsn.美學(xué)Dominatevt.高聳、于之上Amplificationn.增大、放大Aerodynamica.空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)的Responsen.反應(yīng)、響應(yīng)Phasen.方面、相位Revisevt.校正、修正Secondarya.補(bǔ)充的Inelastica.非彈性的Functionalrequirements功能要求Structureandloading結(jié)構(gòu)與荷載Costofthestructure造價(jià)Loadingconditions荷載條件Preliminarydesign初步設(shè)計(jì)Allowablestressdesign允許應(yīng)力設(shè)計(jì)（方法）Analysis分析Selectionofsection截面選擇（sectionmodulus截面模量；plasticmodulus塑性模量）Secondarydesignitems次要設(shè)計(jì)項(xiàng)目Localbuckling局部屈曲Deflections擾度Stiffness剛度Brittlefracture脆斷Lesson23干擾，效應(yīng)disturbance定位orientation倉(cāng)庫(kù)warehouse不規(guī)則的，不平的uneven跨度，排架間距bay定性的quantitative校正adjustment恒載deadload活荷載liveload地震效應(yīng)seismicdisturbance吊車(chē)運(yùn)動(dòng)cranemovement多層建筑multi-storybuilding最大正力矩maximumpositivemoment第26課：剛架rigidframe容許應(yīng)力設(shè)計(jì)法allowablestressdesign塑性理論設(shè)計(jì)法plasticdesign規(guī)范specification標(biāo)準(zhǔn)criteria極限承載能力ultimateloadcapacity無(wú)限塑流unrestrainedplasticflow韌性ductility穩(wěn)定性stability彈性分析elasticanalysis塑性分析plasticanalysis彎矩重分布momentredistribution臨界設(shè)計(jì)彎矩cristicaldesignmoment等截面橫梁raferofconstantsection加腋，加托臂haunch疊加，重合superposition安全儲(chǔ)備marginofsafety破壞形式failuremode結(jié)構(gòu)性能structuralbehavior塑性抗彎強(qiáng)度plasticbendingstrength非彈性失穩(wěn)inelasticinstability在彎曲平面內(nèi)intheplaneofbending在彎曲平面外outoftheplaneofbending橫向扭轉(zhuǎn)屈曲lateral-torsionalbuckling局部壓屈localbuckling側(cè)移sideswaylesson27殘余的，殘留的residual疲勞（乏），視疲勞fatigue有關(guān)的，相應(yīng)的pertinent鋼結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件structuralsteelmember框架frames鋼材性能propertiesofsteel規(guī)范specifications容許應(yīng)力stressdesign塑性理論plasticdesignconcepts受拉構(gòu)件tensionmember平板組合梁plategirders受壓構(gòu)件compressionmembers扭轉(zhuǎn)效應(yīng)effectoftorsion側(cè)向屈曲lateralbuckling失穩(wěn)instability殘余應(yīng)力residualstress安全系數(shù)factorofsafetyLesson28high-risebuildings高層建筑scarcity不足evolvesoutof來(lái)自于interpretation理解解釋bulky龐大的isolated孤立的integralpart整體的、不可分割的部分multilevel多層次的versus對(duì)……與……比較inhabitant居住者ecological生態(tài)學(xué)的urbanization城市化migrate遷移density密度lightweightsteelcagestructure輕質(zhì)鋼架結(jié)構(gòu)congestion擁擠anorganicinteractionsystem相互制約的有機(jī)體interaction交互作用skyscraper摩天大樓economicallyfeasible經(jīng)濟(jì)合理的zoningregulations分區(qū)規(guī)劃條例