四六級作文模板

精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-----傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-----傾情為你奉上專心---專注---專業(yè)專心---專注---專業(yè)精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-----傾情為你奉上專心---專注---專業(yè)文章開頭我們可以在開頭段寫：Peoplehavedifferentviewsaboutwhetherindividualscancontributesignificantlytoenvironmentalprotection.Althoughgovernmentsandlargecompaniesarecrucialinaddressingconservationissues,theroleplayedbyindividualsisjustasimportant,

ifnotmoreso.MentionAandwhatcomestomindisB，其中A一般是與事物有關(guān)的品質(zhì)或者特點，B是事物本身。舉個例子：(1)

Mention

povertyreduction

andwhatcomestomindis

China,wheremorethan500millionpeoplehavebeenliftedoutofpovertyinthepastthreedecades.(2)

Mention

innovativethinking

andwhatcomestomindis

SteveJobs,amanwhowasaheadofhistimeandwhoreshapedtheITindustry.Ask...howbestto...,andthechancesarethat...是一個可以借鑒的解決方案類話題開頭句型。其中(the)chancesare...等同于itislikely...例如可以說：Askateacherhowbesttoimprovestudents'academicperformance,andthechancesare(that)theywillrecommendspendingmoretimeinstudying.Askparentshowbesttopromotechildren'sphysicalwell-being,andthechancesare(that)theywillrecommenddoingmoreoutdooractivities.引入較有爭議的話題Controversyariseswhen……Thishasraisedconcernsoverthedisappearanceofsomelanguagesandtriggereddebatesaboutwhethergovernmentsshouldsavethem.

表明贊成某事物的態(tài)度/觀點Sthhasthepotentialtochangetheworldforthebetterandshouldthereforebewelcomedasapositivedevelopment.Itisthereforeanexcitingdevelopment,theeffectsofwhichwillbefeltfarandwide.Sthwillstandthetestoftimeforanumberofreasons.Inmyview,theriseinone-personhouseholdscouldhavepositiveconsequencesforindividualsandsocietyasawhole.Althoughman’sventureintospaceiscostlyandoftenrisky,thebenefitsitbringsareenormous,justifyinghugeamountsofspacefunding.（可用于開頭/結(jié)尾）揭示現(xiàn)象/問題（常用于開頭）Thegrowingpopularityofconveniencefoodinrecentyearshasledsometoarguethatsuchfoodwilltaketheplaceoftraditionalfoodanditspreparation.However,Ibelievetraditionalfoodwillsurviveandthrive,becauseitplaysanindispensablepartinourlives.一個完整的開頭模板Fordecades,ithasbeencommonpracticeforrichcountriestogiveaidtotheirpoorcounterparts.However,inrecentyearstherehasbeenagrowingbeliefthatinternationalaidcouldbeharmfultotherecipients.Iagreethatgivingaidtopoorcountriescoulddomoreharmthangood.Thereismuchtalkabout…thoughfew…aredoingmuchaboutit…fallintothislesspopulatedcamp.例如：(1)Thereismuchtalkaboutpovertyreductionaroundtheglobe,thoughfewcountriesaredoingmuchaboutit.Chinafallsintothislesspopulatedcamp,wheremorethan500millionpeoplewereliftedoutofpovertyinthepast30years,aremarkableachievementinhumanhistory.(2)Thereismuchtalkaboutinnovationamongtechfirmbosses,thoughfewaredoingmuchaboutit.ElonMuskfallsintothislesspopulatedcamp.BylaunchingaseriesofprogramssuchasTeslaelectriccarsandSpaceXrockets,hedemonstrateshowinnovativethinkingandboldrisk-takingcanthriveintoday’sworld.…h(huán)asbeenmuchheraldedinrecentyears.用于形容某一現(xiàn)象被人們廣泛關(guān)注和贊揚。例如：(1)Theriseinremoteworking/sharingeconomyhasbeenmuchheraldedinrecentyears.(2)Thewidespreaduseofartificialintelligencehasbeenmuchheraldedinrecentyears.Itisnownearlyaxiomaticthat…含義是“……幾乎是不言自明的”，例如：ItisnownearlyaxiomaticthatChinawillsurpasstheU.S.tobecometheworld'slargesteconomy.人們對某事物（例如變化、趨勢等）持有不同的看法：Opinionisstilldividedoverwhether…isacauseforconcernorachancefor…其中acauseforconcern是一個固定搭配，含義是“令人擔(dān)憂的事物”舉個例子：Opinionisstilldividedoverwhethergeneticallymodifiedfoodsareacauseforconcernorachanceforhumanitytofightworldhungerandpoverty以上三句可以連著用人們對…褒貶不一：……h(huán)asreceivedmixedreviewsfrom…(crritics)人們對某事有不同看法：Opinionsdifferaboutwhether…isgoodorbad.Boosterspointto…(itsadvantages).Butothersfearthat…Opinionisdividedastowhethergovernmentsshouldusepublicmoneytosupportcreativeartists.WorriesaboutpotentialbiasinAIsystemshaveemergedinawiderangeofareas,fromcriminaljusticetoinsurance.Inrecruitment,toosomethingiseasytodecrybuthardtoprevent，它可以用于說明某些不好的現(xiàn)象（比如環(huán)境污染、食品安全、交通堵塞等）很容易批評，但很難阻止。舉個例子：Trafficcongestioninbigcities

iseasytodecrybuthardtoprevent.Ashouseholdincomerises,agrowingnumberofcitydwellersarewillingandabletoaffordprivatecars,whichwillcausemoretrafficproblemsintheforeseeablefuture.“公眾對于……的擔(dān)憂在加強”，例如：Afteraseriesofvaccinescandals,publicconcernovervaccinesafetyispickingup.somethinghasthepowertoinflamepassions，含義是“某事（通常是有爭議的事件）能夠激起人們強烈的感情”，比如：Whetheranimalsshouldbeusedinmedicalresearchhasbeendebatedfordecadesandthetopicstill

hasthepowertoinflamepassions,withanimalrightsactivistsclaimingthathumanshavenorighttousethesufferingofotherstoseekbenefits.MuchinkhasbeenspilledaboutimprovingpublicsecuritysincethetragicstampedeinShanghaionNewYear'sEve.“被討論得最多的…，街頭巷議的…”，我們可以說：Alibabahasbecomethemosttalked-aboutfirminChinaasitfiledforIPOinUS.要表達(dá)“XX成為熱議的話題”，我們還可以說sthhasbecomethetalkofthetown,thetalkofthetown同樣是一個短語，表示“街頭巷議的話題”除了上面兩種說法之外，還有以下幾種表達(dá)：1.sthisinthespotlight/limelight2.sthisinthepubliceye3.sb'snameisoneveryone'slipsMuchthoughtisbeinggiventhesedaysto...這個句型來表達(dá)“目前人們對…有很多思考”。要表達(dá)“目前人們對城市疑難問題諸如交通擁擠和煙霧有很多思考”，可以說Muchthoughtisbeinggiventhesedaystourbanproblemssuchastrafficcongestionandsmog.Concernsoverthepaceofprogress

cametothefore

inFebruary...二月份，領(lǐng)英業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展的速度成為人們關(guān)注的對象……，其中

concerns/issuescometothefore...這個句型的含義是“……引起了人們的關(guān)注”...havereinforcedexistingconcernsamong...that...這個句型，它的含義是“……加深了……對……的擔(dān)憂”，例如可以說：ThesoaringhousepricesinChina'sfirst-tiercities

havereinforcedexistingconcernsamong

youngmigrantworkers

that

theywillnotbeabletoaffordthemselvesahouse.Therehasbeencontroversysurroundinggeneticallymodifiedcropssincetheirintroductiondecadesago.Criticsarguethatsuchtechnologycouldposeenvironmentalandhealthhazards,whileproponentsmaintainthebenefitsbroughtbygeneticallymodifiedfoodsfaroutweightheirpotentialrisks.Hasbeenahitwith…受到了…的熱捧Citiesaroundtheworldarestrugglingtodealwithincreasedlevelsofcongestionandpollution.Therisingpopularityofonlineeducationinrecentyearshastriggereddebateabouttheimpactitmayhave.Theroleofmembersofsocietyinenvironmentalprotectionhasbeenthesubjectofintensedebate.Inrichcountriespeople’slivesaregettinglonger,atrendthatcanhavehugeimplicationsforsocietyasawhole,mostlyfortheworse.XXremainsahighlychargedissue.也可以用來表達(dá)“某話題充滿爭議”XXisasubjectclosetoone’sheart，以此來表達(dá)某人對于某話題（比如環(huán)境、教育、健康、平權(quán)等）很重視銜接詞Needlesstosay,……反對者觀點However,somedeem（認(rèn)為）that……Themainargumentagainstgeneticallymodifiedfoodsisthattheycoulddamagetheenvironmentandourhealth.Thesafedisposalofradioactivewasteisalsoaheadacheasitrequiresspecialfacilities.Alltheseleadsometoquestionthefeasibilityofthisenergysource.（下段開頭however）Thecounter-argument,however,isthatstudentsshouldberestrictedtosubjectsdeemedusefulbythejobmarket.贊同者觀點Theargumentinfavorofgovernmentsupportforartistsisthatartprojectscanbringgreateconomicandsocietalbenefits.Advocatesof……couldclaimthat……Advocatesofspaceresearchbasetheirargumentsonthebenefitsitcanoffer.……使某問題更加突出考場作文可以使用該句型來強調(diào)環(huán)境/交通/健康等問題，比如：(1)Globalwarmingeffectshavebeen

thrownintosharprelief

bymeltingicecapsintheArctic.(2)Theincreaseinlungdiseasesamongurbandwellers

throwsintorelief

airpollutioncausedbytoomanyprivatecars.今昔比對（也可用于文章開頭）在科技和發(fā)展類題材中經(jīng)常會涉及到對某一現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行對比，例如互聯(lián)網(wǎng)出現(xiàn)之前的生活與現(xiàn)在的生活的對比，過去的自然環(huán)境與現(xiàn)在的自然環(huán)境的對比，過去的家庭與現(xiàn)在的家庭的對比等等。Gonearethedayswhen

peoplehadtowriteletterstotheirfriendsandwaitforweeksforareply.Instantmessagingservices

areontheriseandheretostay,makingitpossibleforustocommunicatewithothersanytime,anywhere.通過借鑒過去的情況來決定做某事。Anyadjustmentstopensionliabilitiesshouldbejustifiedbybeliefsaboutthefutureandnotby

lookingintherearviewmirrortosee

whatgiltyieldsusedtobe.Today’slabormarketismuchmorecomplicatedthaninthepast,astechnologicaladvancesaredestroyingandcreatingjobsatanunprecedentedrate.Inlightofthis,itwouldbeimprudentto

lookintherearviewmirrortoseewhataso-calledstablejobusedtobe.段落開頭（分論點提出）theargumentthat…restschieflyonthefactthat…，該句型可以用在議論文的段落開頭，用來對分論點進(jìn)行解釋。Theargumentthat

highereducationshouldbemadeuniversallyavailablerestschieflyonthefactthat

doingsoisinsociety’sbesteconomicinterests.Thefactthat……alsojustifiestheimportanceof……段落結(jié)尾Allthesefactorscombinedexplainthereasonwhyurbanitesarebetteroffthantheirruralcounterparts.Itisthereforewisertoallowuniversitystudentstomakedecisionsontheirown.Allofthesemakeraisingpetrolpricesacrosstheboardatbestunfair,atworstfutile.Suchcasereinforcesthenotionthatindividualscanmakeadifference.Simplyput,……簡言之Itispragmaticandjustifiable（務(wù)實且合理的）,therefore,tomakegooduseoftheselivingthings.段落銜接我們寫作的時候可以借鑒這種連接方式，具體方法是在上一個段落結(jié)尾句構(gòu)造一個帶有否定意味的句子，然后在下一段開頭句采用“倒裝+重復(fù)動詞”的形式來實現(xiàn)銜接。這樣講可能有點抽象，舉個具體例子：Somepeoplethinkgivingaidtopoorercountriesbringsmorenegativesthanpositives.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?如果你認(rèn)為國際援助弊大于利，那么在論述的時候可以先簡單說明一下國際援助可能帶來的好處，然后再話鋒一轉(zhuǎn)，強調(diào)它的負(fù)面影響。中間的轉(zhuǎn)折句就可以用上剛才的句式：（簡單說明國際援助的好處）…Giventhatinternationalaidcanoffersomanybenefitstopoorercountries,itseemsoddthatanyonewouldeven

questionthejustificationforsendingaid.However,questiontheydo,andforgoodreason.Studieshaveidentifiedanumberofproblemsassociatedwithforeignaid.Chiefamongthemiscorruption…（論述國際援助的負(fù)面影響）觀點站得住腳Theargumentthatforeignvisitorsshouldpaymorethanlocalsforculturalandhistoricalattractions

holdswater,asthelocalpopulationalreadypaymoneytothesesitesthroughthetaxsystem.觀點站不住腳（否定某觀點）Doesnotholdwatersomethingisentirelyunfounded，它可以用來說明觀點、消息、論證等沒有根據(jù)，站不住腳。舉個例子，有這樣一道雅思作文題：Individualscandonothingtoprotecttheenvironment;onlygovernmentsandlargecompaniescanmakeadifference.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?如果你想完全反對題目中的觀點，就可以說：Theclaimthatonlygovernmentsandlargecompaniescanprotecttheenvironment

isentirelyunfounded.Individualsalsoplayanimportantroleinenvironmentalprotection.beopentodoubt是一個固定表達(dá)，含義是“……有待考證，值得懷疑”(1)Whetherminoritylanguagescansurviveinthisincreasinglyglobalizedworldis

opentodoubt.(2)Whetherinternationalaidcanhaveapositiveimpactontherecipientcountriesis

opentodoubt"Toequatesomethingwithsomethingisto..."是一個很好用的句型，意為“將……與……等同,這樣是……”這個句型放在寫作中可以增強論證效果。如：a)

Toequatehappinesswithmaterialpossessionssuchashousesandcarsistomissthetruemeaningoflife.b)

Toequatepoliticswithsomethingboringandbarelyrelevanttoordinarylifeistomisunderstandit.atbest...atworst是一個很棒的句型，它可以用來表示“某件事往好里說充其量是...往壞里說是...”。這個句型通常用來表示否定含義，sthisatbestA,atworstB,其中A一般為中性詞，B為偏否定含義的詞語。flyinthefaceofsomething，這是一個議論文中較為常見的表達(dá)，意思是“與（人們認(rèn)為合理或正常的事情）背道而馳”，這種事情可以是指法律法規(guī)，也可以指傳統(tǒng)、常識、邏輯等。舉幾個例子：(1)Stayinguplate

fliesinthefaceof

healthyliving.(2)NorthKorea’snucleartests

flyinthefaceof

theNuclearNon-proliferationTreaty.(3)Somepeoplearguethatthedemolitionofoldbuildings

fliesinthefaceof

culturalheritagepreservation.

Jumpthegun可表示過早下定論……doesnotmakesense反對前面的觀點，（從而提出自己的觀點）Somepeoplearguethatthegovernmentshouldlimitthenumberofcarsontheroadtoreducetrafficcongestion.However,studiesrevealthattheproblemis

not

thattherearetoomanycars,

butratherthat

thepublictransportsystemisinefficient.Thebiggestwinnersallroundarelikelytobeconsumers,thoughwith

anumberofcaveats.Fourstandout:marketconcentration,security,privacyandinequality.closescrutinyof…revealsthat…是一個常見的論證句型，它可以用來說明接下來要揭示的情況與之前人們認(rèn)為的不同，借此引出新的觀點。Somepeoplearguethatforeigntouriststoculturalplacesandhistoricalsitesshouldbechargedmorethanlocals,aslocalpeoplealreadypaytothesesitesthroughthetaxsystem.However,

closescrutinyofthisclaimrevealsthat

suchanapproachisatbestshort-sighted,atworstcounterproductive."sthleavesmuchtobedesired"是一種委婉的說法，它用于形容某事物尚有許多需要改進(jìn)之處，還不盡如人意。givethethumbs-downtosb/sth即“對某人或某事不贊同”。例如可以說：Planstobuildanuclearreactorinthiscityhavebeengiventhethumbs-downbytheurbanites.Itisincorrecttosaythat….Rather,……恰恰相反，而是Itistruethat……buttherealityisthat……Atfirstglanceincreasingpetrolpricesseemsabletodiscouragepeoplefromusingtheircars,thusreducingtrafficandpollution.However,uponfurtherreflectiononewouldfindthatsuchmeasureisproblematic.Atfirstglance,higherpricesforvisitorsfromoverseasseemreasonable,asmostculturalandhistoricmonumentsarerestoredandmaintainedusinggovernmentfunding,meaningthatlocalpeoplealreadypaytothesesitesthroughthetaxsystem.However,uponfurtherreflectiononewouldfindthatsuchanapproachisatbestshort-sighted,atworstcounterproductive.已經(jīng)是一個完整的模板了Whileoptingtoremainhome-basedmaysavemoneyandoffersomeconvenience,adoptingadifferentlifestyleyieldsmorelong-termbenefits.Asamatteroffact,itistheotherwayaround反駁某觀點…restson…reasonable-soundingbutlargelygroundlesspropositions.Thefirstisthat…Asecondargumentisthat…Athirdargumentisthat…

在分點論述中可以先對有爭議的觀點進(jìn)行解釋，然后再依次反駁。舉個例子，轉(zhuǎn)基因食品安全性一直是一個備受爭議的話題，如果你支持轉(zhuǎn)基因食品，可以這樣寫：Theaversiontogeneticallymodifiedfoods

restson

two

reasonable-soundingbutlargelygroundlesspropositions.ThefirstisthatGMcropscandevelopnewsubstancesthatareharmfultohumans.ButthereisnoevidencefortheclaimandresearchhasshownthatGMfoodsaresafeforconsumption.Asecondargumentisthatengineeringspecifictraitsintoselectspeciesthreatensbiodiversitybyupsettingthenaturalbalance.However,aslongasscientistsapplyGMtechnologycarefullyandgovernmentsintroducestrictsafetyregulations,suchaproblemcanbeavoided.效果適得其反SomestudentsusesmartphonesinthehopeofimprovingtheirEnglish,buttheyendupplayingmobilegamesallday,which

defeatsthepurposeoflearning.承認(rèn)對立觀點的合理性Althoughdoingapart-timejobcanoffercertainbenefits,thosewhoopposethispractice

havehalfapoint.Itistruethatthereispublicconcernoverthesafetyofnuclearenergy.Granted,thereareproblemsarisingfromnuclearpower,suchasthedisposalofradioactivewasteandthedangerofnuclearmeltdown,butastechnologyadvances,suchproblemscanberesolved.（誠然段，用于倒數(shù)第二段）Granted,asinglelifestyleisnotwithoutitsdrawbacks.Admittedly,distancelearningisnotwithoutdisadvantages.誠然段結(jié)尾However,astechnologyadvances,itishardtoimaginethissituationwilllastforlong.不能全盤否定，因噎廢食TheauthoritiesshouldnotthrowthebabyoutwiththebathwaterwhenitcomestolaunchingcampaignagainstpornographyontheInternet.提出解決方案"Because...hasnosinglesolution,itmustbefoughtonmanyfronts."是一個我們可以借鑒的句型。它可以用來說明某問題并沒有單一的解決方案，需要從幾個方面入手來解決。比如可以說Becauseairpollution

/trafficcongestion/racialdiscrimination...hasnosinglesolution,itmustbefoughtonmanyfronts.Tostartwith...Secondly...Thirdly...

通過這樣的框架對一個問題展開進(jìn)行說明?！白瞿呈聸]有捷徑”，我們可以使用這個句型：Thereisnomagicformulaforsth/doingsthThinkoutsidethebox跳出條條框框，不拘一格地思考somethinglendsitselftosomething是一個固定表達(dá)，含義是“……適用于某事，……對某事有幫助”，problemslendthemselvestoeasyanswers即“對……問題有簡單的解決方案”。在解決方案類話題中可以使用該短語，例如：(a)TheenvironmentalproblemsChinanowencounterhardlylendthemselvestoeasyanswers,asthehazardoussmogblanketingthecountry'snorth-eastcanattest.(b)Thenovel'scomplex,imaginativestyledoesnotlenditselftotranslation.要表達(dá)“……只是手段而不是目的”，即somethingisnotanendinitself，例如：Economicgrowthisameans,

notanendinitself.Theultimategoalofgrowthshouldbetospreadbenefitstoalllevelsofsociety.marrysthwithsth的用法很有意思，它的含義是“將兩種不同的想法、設(shè)計、品位等結(jié)合在一起”，比如要表達(dá)“這種設(shè)計將傳統(tǒng)元素和現(xiàn)代方法結(jié)合起來”，可以說Thedesignmarriestraditionalelementswithmodernmethods.對某件事要具體問題具體分析：……shouldbeconsideredonacase-by-casebasis.Astohousingproblems,goodurbanplanningandpolicyhelpDolingouthousingsubsidiesandlow-interestloanalsolightenstheburdenofwould-behomebuyers.發(fā)放住房補貼和低息貸款也減輕了潛在購房者的負(fù)擔(dān)Individualsfortheirpartmakecontributionstoo.Problemsattendantonoverpopulationarenumerousbutnotinsolvable.Stepsshouldbetakentodevelopthecountryside.itisinlocalgovernments’intereststo（符合…的利益）fundmoreschoolsandpublictrainingprogramsTheliving-standardgapbetweencitiesandthecountrysidecanbebridgedthroughcarefulplanningandcontinuousinvestmentineducationandbasicinfrastructureGovernmentsshouldstarttotakeaction,forthebenefitofbothruralandurbanresidents.Theproblemofpollutioncouldalsobetackledbygivingfinancialincentivestomanufacturersofgreenvehicles,suchaselectriccars,whichhavetheadvantageofzeroemission,andthewidespreaduseofthemcouldreduceairpollution.

doone'sbit盡自己的一份力量Anotherstepistoencourageimmigration.AutomationalsoworksUsingrobotstoreplacehumanworkersgoesalongwaytowardsaddressingthisproblem.Myviewisthathumanscanemployanimalsforpracticalpurposes,butshoulddosoinmoderationItwasnecessaryfirsttoarriveatthatdegreeofsophisticationwhere……我們首先需要達(dá)到這樣一種成熟的程度:…shouldbealastresort,notafirstlineofdefence.即“……應(yīng)該作為最終手段，而不是首選對策”?？梢院蛅hrowthebabyoutwiththebathwater配合使用！Advertisementscanhaveanegativeinfluenceonchildren,andthereissuggestionthatadvertisingaimedatchildrenshouldbebannedaltogether.Inmyview,however,thissolutionshouldbe

alastresort,

notafirstlineofdefence.Ifwebanalladvertisingtargetingchildren,weriskthrowingthebabyoutwiththebathwater.（平衡好A&B）既不能過于……也不能過于……Justasitwouldbe

unwisetopromoteeconomicgrowthattheexpenseoftheenvironment,

soitwouldbe

equallyimprudenttopreservetheenvironmenttotheexclusionofeconomicgrowth.Thebestapproach,therefore,istohaveanenvironmentallysustainableeconomy.JustasitwouldbeamistaketounderestimatethenewBrazil,soitwouldbeamistaketoglossoveritsweaknesses.atrade-offbetweenAandB也是一個應(yīng)用很廣的句型。舉兩個例子：(1)Inthefaceofseriouspollution,manycountrieshavetomakeatrade-offbetweeneconomicgrowthandenvironmentalprotection.(2)Moreandmoreofficeworkersfeelthattheyhavetomakeatrade-offbetweentheirjobandtheirfamily.Inconclusion,thecostsofrestoringoldbuildingsshouldbeweighedagainsttheculturalandeconomicbenefitstheybringabout.Governmentsshouldstrikeabalancebetweentherestorationofoldbuildingsandregionaldevelopment.redressthebalance修復(fù)平衡Therebenopreferentialweighingofoneoranother

of兩者之間沒有優(yōu)先的權(quán)衡findamiddlegroundbetween并不互斥可以用該短語來說明兩個看起來互不相容的事物實際上可以共存，由此可以引出一種新的方案，比如：Economicdevelopmentandenvironmentalprotectionarenotmutuallyexclusive,asisshownbythecase……某問題/現(xiàn)象的原因Severalfactorsare

atplay

whenitcomestoteenagesmoking.thereasonsfor…aremanifold,butchiefamongthemis…通過該句型來強調(diào)造成某問題最重要的原因。例如：Today,manybigcitiesaroundtheworldaresufferingfromtrafficcongestion.Thereasonsfor

thisproblem

aremanifold,

butchiefamongthemis

thesurgeinthenumberofcars.Thecasefor…isnotadryargumentabout…Itis…（……并不是基于……這一枯燥的理由，而是……）。舉個例子：Thecaseformakinghighereducationuniversallyavailableisnotadryargumentabouteconomicgrowth.Itisamassmovementforeducationalequity,oneinwhicheverystudent,nomatterwhattheirbackground,canhaveachancetoattendcollegeandmakeadifferenceintheirlife.青少年近視目前在中國是一個比較嚴(yán)重的問題，很多家長認(rèn)為造成這一問題的原因是小孩看電視或電腦過度，但醫(yī)學(xué)研究表明，造成青少年近視的真正原因是戶外運動時間太少。因此，我們可以說：ManyteenagersinChinasufferfromshort-sightedness,andtoomuchscreentimeis

thoughttobeattherootoftheproblem.However,

thefactsdonotbearoutthisview.Reasonsforthe...abound,but...standout.Themostimportantis...Asecondreasonisthat...

造成這次失敗的原因有很多，但其中…最突出。最重要的一個是…其次是…Theobviousculpritfor...is...

其中culprit是一個很好用的詞，它的本義是“過失者，責(zé)任人”，可以引申為“問題的起因”。Educationandskillsalsomatterinaregion’slong-termeconomicgrowth導(dǎo)致……的結(jié)果(1)Thereasonwhysomanystudentsareseekingapostgraduateeducationisthatholdinganadvanceddegreecan

translateinto

ahighersalaryoraseniorposition.

(2)Manyinternetcompaniesrequiretheirstafftoworkovertime,butasitturnsout,longerworkinghoursdonotalways

translateinto

highero這個詞組用得很傳神，它將整個句子寫活了。它的意思是“將...推向（某一境地），驅(qū)使”，比如要表達(dá)“憤怒驅(qū)使她行動起來”，我們就可以說Furypropelledherintoaction.因果關(guān)系的銜接Itfollowsthat…這是一個固定句式，意思是“由此得出，由此可以推斷出”?？梢允褂迷摼涫絹磉B接有因果關(guān)系的上下文。(1)Ifwepositthatwagerisescauseinflation,

itfollowsthat

weshouldtrytominimizethem.(2)Becauseladybirdseatgreenfly,

itfollowsthat

adecreaseinthenumbersofladybirdswillleadtoariseinthepopulationofgreenfly.Researchhasshownthatincreasedinvestmentinhighereducationhasapositiveeffectonacountry’sgrossdomesticproduct.Inthelongterm,asocietywithmoreeducatedcitizenswillexperiencemoreinnovation,greaterproductivity,andhigherglobalcompetitiveness.

Itfollowsthat

governmentsshouldmakehighereducationavailabletoallstudents.優(yōu)點、好處（利大于弊）Theusefulnesstosocietyof

promotinghighereducation

goesfarbeyondenablingyoungpeopletofindagoodjob.Despiteitspotentialrisks,geneticallyengineeringtechnologycanbe

aforceforgood

byhelpingtofighthungerandpoverty.…concernsshouldnotobscurethegoodthatcomesfrom…用以說明某事物利大于弊。舉個例子：Althoughthereare

concerns

aboutnuclearsafety,suchconcerns

shouldnotobscurethegoodthatcomesfrom

thisenergysource.Comparedtorenewablessuchaswindorsolar,nuclearpowerproducescheaperandmoreplentifulelectricity,anadvantagethatisgaininginimportancegiventhatdemandforenergyisontherise.Criticsarehopingtheyoungdirectorcan

breathelifeinto

theFrenchfilmindustry.Theshortcomingsofself-drivingcarpaleintoinsignificancewhensetagainstthegreatbenefitsitwillbringtous--aplungeinroadaccidentsandlesspollution.Inthesecountrieslibrariesplayacrucialpartinthattheyallowpeopletoacquireknowledgeandmakeprogressinthetechnologicalera.nuclearpowerhasseveraluniqueadvantagesthatcanholdgreatpromiseforthefutureThetrendtowardslivingalonealsomakeseconomicsense.itisinlocalgovernments’intereststofundmoreschoolsandpublictrainingprogramsPayingcreativeartiststoproduceworksofartsparksaboonfortheindustry,therebystimulatingjobgrowthandwealththatcanbeappliedtowardsothersocialprograms.Suchskillswillholdtheminagoodstead（對…大有幫助）intermsofcareerdevelopment,具有雙重好處在列舉說明事物的好處時可以用上該句型，比如：Havingpart-timejobscanbe

adoubleblessing

forcollegestudents.First……既有好處又有壞處Lifeinthecityis

amixedblessing.Ontheonehand…….ontheplusside...ontheminusside...可以用來表達(dá)“從好的方面來看…從壞的方面來看…”，比如我們可以說"Ontheminusside,thejobdoesn'tpayverywell,butontheplusside,thehoursareveryconvenient."Asissooftenpointedout,knowledgeisatwo-edgedweaponwhichcanbeusedequallyforgoodorevil.Itisnowbeingusedindifferentlyforboth.缺點、害處beadisservicetosomebody/something，意思即“……損害某人/某物（的形象、利益、聲譽等）”。Althoughtakingpart-timejobsoffersavarietyofbenefitstostudents,itwouldbe

adisserviceto

themifthesejobstakeuptoomuchoftheirtimethatcouldotherwisebeusedforreadingtextbooksorpreparinghomework.寫作中可以使用該表達(dá)來說明某習(xí)慣（比如吸煙、喝酒、玩電腦游戲等）會使人沉迷其中，產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重后果。例如：(1)Althoughvideogamescanbebeneficialtosomeextent,excessivegamingoftenputsyoungpeople

onaslipperyslope.(2)Whiletakinganinterestintherichandfamousmaybefunandharmless,unbridledcelebrityworshipcanbe

aslipperyslope.poseenvironmentalandhealthhazardsThisaffectsthefoodchainandmayhaveseriousrepercussions（不好的影響）fortheenvironment.Bycontrast,thosewhofollowtheirpassionwithoutconsideringjobmarketcharacteristicsmayputthemselvesatadisadvantagewhenitcomestojob-hunting.Narrowingstudents’choiceswouldineffectdomoreharmthangoodasitcouldleadtoanoversupplyofgraduatesincertainfields,weakeningtheirjobcompetitiveness.Overtime,thiswillresultinadeclineintheoverallnumberoftouristsandtheattendantfallintourismrevenueandemploymentopportunities,tothedetrimentofeveryone.銜接Worsestill,…舉例…as…attest…這一句型有時候可以用來替換forexample/forinstance，例如：Airpollutioncanhaveanegativeimpactonpeople’shealth.Forexample,peoplelivinginareaswithpoorairqualityarepronetorespiratorydisease.我們可以將其改寫為：a)Airpollutioncanhaveanegativeimpactonpeople’shealth,astheriseinrespiratorydiseaseinareaswithpoorairqualityattests.b)Airpollutioncanhaveanegativeimpactonpeople’shealth,asisattestedbytheriseinrespiratorydiseaseinareaswithpoorairquality.ToseehowA,witnessB（要……看看……就知道了），它可以通過例子B來驗證A，舉兩個例子：(1)

Toseehow

technologicaladvanceschangeourlives,

witness

theinternet,aninventionthatconnectstheworldandbooststhespreadofknowledge.(2)

Toseehow

ordinarypeoplecanrisetostardom,

witness

WangJu,acontestantonthesingingcompetition,Produce101,aChineserealitytelevisionshow.Duetothegenerationgap,youngadultsareoftenatoddswitholdergenerationsovereverydaymatters,

whethertheybe/bethey

hairstylesortasteinmusic.Ifanyonelooksforfurtherevidence/proofthat...,theyshouldlookat..."Ifevertherewasasignthat...thisisit"這個句型的意思是“如果有任何跡象表明……那么這個就是了”“是……典型的例子”的動詞還有epitomize，例如可以說：ShenzhenepitomizesChina'sarrestingeconomicandsocialdevelopment.andthisisespeciallytruewhenitcomestoConsidertheelectriccarslaunchedbyTeslaMotors,which,ifwidelyused,wouldreduceexhaustemissionsindenselypopulatedareas.Byattractingyoungtalentfromaroundtheglobe,governmentscanincreasethenumberoftaxpayersandeffectivelyredressdemographicimbalances,asisdemonstratedbythecasesoftheUnitedStatesandSingapore.論據(jù)/論證方法Ifany…lendssubstanceto…itis…（如果說有一個……驗證了……那么……就是了）。例如：(1)Ifanycountrylendssubstancetotheargumentthatopennessbringsprogress,itisChina.

(2)Ifanycompanylendssubstancetotheargumentthatgooddesignmatters,itisApple.

…Forrecent/clear/concreteproof,lookonlyto…通過該句型來證