已完成的中醫(yī)閱讀材料(2篇)分享

真誠(chéng)為您提供優(yōu)質(zhì)參考資料，若有不當(dāng)之處，請(qǐng)指正。真誠(chéng)為您提供優(yōu)質(zhì)參考資料，若有不當(dāng)之處，請(qǐng)指正。8/8真誠(chéng)為您提供優(yōu)質(zhì)參考資料，若有不當(dāng)之處，請(qǐng)指正。ChapterEightTraditionalChineseMedicineI.BackgroundInformation中醫(yī)（TraditionalChineseMedicine）指中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)，是研究人體生理、病理，以及疾病的診斷和防治等的一門(mén)學(xué)科,是在古代樸素的唯物論和自發(fā)的辨證法思想指導(dǎo)下，通過(guò)長(zhǎng)期醫(yī)療實(shí)踐逐步形成并發(fā)展成的醫(yī)學(xué)理論體系。在研究方法上，以“天人合一”、“天人相應(yīng)”的整體觀為主導(dǎo)思想，以臟腑經(jīng)絡(luò)的生理、病理為基礎(chǔ)，以辨證論治為診療依據(jù)，具有樸素的系統(tǒng)論、控制論，分形論和信息論內(nèi)容。中醫(yī)理論來(lái)源于對(duì)醫(yī)療經(jīng)驗(yàn)的總結(jié)及中國(guó)古代的陰陽(yáng)五行思想。其內(nèi)容包括精氣學(xué)說(shuō)、陰陽(yáng)五行學(xué)說(shuō)（即木、火、土、金、水人體的五種屬性）、氣血津液（氣、血、津液是構(gòu)成和維持人體生命活動(dòng)的基本物質(zhì)）、藏象（臟腑）、經(jīng)絡(luò)、養(yǎng)生等。看病方法主要是望、問(wèn)、聞、切。治病方法主要是中藥和針灸、拔罐、按摩、刮痧、艾灸等等。中醫(yī)與人們的生活息息相關(guān)，從古至今雖然經(jīng)歷坎坷但無(wú)論是過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在還是將來(lái)有其頑強(qiáng)的生命力，為中國(guó)和世界醫(yī)學(xué)事業(yè)做出了不可磨滅的貢獻(xiàn)。II.ReadingMaterialsPassageOneHistoricalOverviewandCultureofTraditionalChineseMedicineAmongthemedicineproducedbydifferentChinesenationalities,themedicineoftheHanistheearliestandrichestinpracticalandtheoreticalknowledge.ChinesemedicineoriginatedintheYellowRiverandwasestablishedasaschoolofscienceearlyon.ChinesehistoryoncetoldafictionofapersonnamedShenNong[1]whotastedmanyherbsatthesametimeandwasthenpoisoned.ItdemonstrateswhatdifficultyancientChinesepeoplehadindiscoveringthemedicine.However,Chinesemedicineprogressed,andintheprocessofitsdevelopment,manygooddoctors,theories,andadvancementsemerged.Duringtheperiodfromaround22BCto256BC(duringtheXia,Shang,andZhouDynasties),alcoholmedicineandsoupmedicineappeared.Recordsrelatedtomedicaltreatment,hygiene,andillnessesappearedonoracleboneinscriptionsasfarbackastheShangDynasty(16-11thcenturyBC)over3,000yearsago.InthefollowingZhouDynasty(11thcentury-256BC),doctorslearnednewtechniquestodiagnosediseases.1）Thesetechniques,nowknownasthefourmajormethods,include:observation,auscultation(listeningtosoundsofthebody,suchasthoseformtheheart,lungs,andsoon)andolfaction(smelling),interrogation(askingthepatientsquestions),pulsefeelingandpalpation(examiningbytouch).Doctorsusedseveralprocedures--includingdrugs,acupuncture,andoperations--totreatdiseases.Abook,ShiJing[2](TheBookofSongs)intheZhouDynasty(11thcentury-771BC),mentionedsomethingaboutmedicine,makingittheearliestexistingbookbearingrecordsofancientChinesemedicine.Anotherbook,NeiJing,whichistheearliestexistingbookonChinesemedicinetheory,presentedtheorieslike“coolingorwarmingthepatientthathasahighorlowtemperaturerespectively,”“addingfiveflavorsintothemedicinewillmakeonefeelbitterinsideandhavediarrhea.”TheseformedthebasisofChinesemedicinetheory.IntheQinandHanPeriod(221BC-220AD)thenewbook,HuangDiNeiJing[3](TheMedicalClassicoftheYellowEmperor),begantodiscussChinesemedicinetheoriessystematically.Thisistheearliestexistingbookofitskind.Inaddition,theearliestexistingbookonChineseherbalmedicine,ShenNongBenCaoJing(BenmeansrootandCaomeansshoot),waswritteninthesameperiodbasedontheworkofmedicalexpertswhocollectedlotsofmaterialsbeforetheQinDynasty(221-206BC).Thebookrecorded365typesofmedicine,someofwhichisstillusedincontemporaryclinics,andalsosetupabeginningoftheestablishmentofEasternmedicine.Anotherbook,TreatiseonFebrileDiseases[4],writtenbyZhangZhongjinginthethirdcentury,gaveadetailedaccountonhowtodiagnoseandtreatvariousdiseasescausedbyinternalorgans.Thisbookismeaningfulinthatithelpedthedevelopmentofclinicalmedicinemanycenturieslater.BythetimeoftheHanPeriod,surgeryhadreachedacomparativelyhighlevel.Thebook,SanGouZhi(ChronicleoftheThreeKingdoms)describedadoctornamedHuaTuowhowasabletousegeneralanesthesiatocarryoutoperations.From220to960ChinaexperiencedtheperiodsoftheWei(220-265,andpartofthelargerThreeKingdomPeriodfrom220to280)andJin(265-420)Dynasties,theNorthernandSouthernDynasties(386-589),theSui(581-618)andTang(618-907)Dynasties,andtheFiveDynasties(907-960).Duringthesetimes,themethodofdiagnosingbyfeelingthepulsemadefurtherprogress.DuringtheJinDynasty,adoctornamedWangShuhewrotethebook,MaiJing[5](PulseClassic),inwhichhesummedup24waystomonitorapulse.ThebookhadgreatinfluenceinChinaandbeyond.Inthesameperiod,Chinesemedicinewascategorizedandnewbookswerewrittenforthosespecificcategories.Inacupuncture,forexample,therewasthebookZhenJiuJiaYiJing[6](Acupuncture&Moxibustion);thebooksBaoBuZiandZhouHouFang[7]showedhowtomakepillsforimmortality;andinpharmacy,therewasLeiGongPaoZhiLun[8](Lei'sTreatiseonPreparingDrugs).Awell-knownsurgerybookatthetimewascalledLiuJuanZiGuiYiFang[9](LiuJuanzi'sRemediesBequeathedbyGhosts).IntheTangDynasty,theeconomyprospered,whichboostedtheeasternmedicine.TheTanggovernmentwrotethebook,TangBenCao[10],whichistheearliestexistingpharmacopoeiabook(anofficialbooklistingacatalogofmedicineandtheiruse)intheworld.Thisbookincluded850typesofmedicalherbsandtheirpictures,whichfurtherimprovedthescaleofeasternmedicine.Then,intheperiodoftheSongDynasty(960-1279),apersonnamedWangWeiYi[11]adoptednewmethodsinteachingacupuncture.Heillustratedhistechniqueswithmapsandmodelsofhumanfigures.IntheMingDynasty(1368-1644),doctorsbegantodistinguishbetweentyphoidfever,seasonalepidemics,andplagues,withabookintheQingDynasty(1644-1911)focusingexclusivelyonthistopic.AlsointheMingDynasty,anexpertofherbalmedicineLiShizhenspent27yearsaccomplishingthebook,BenCaoGangMu.[12]Thebookrecorded1,892typesofherbalmedicine,includingthemosttypesofherbalmedicines,makingitthegreatestbookinChinesehistory.ItwasduringtheMingDynastythatWesternmedicinebegantobeintroducedtoChina.PeopleinmedicalsciencethenbegantocombineEasternandWesternmedicine.Thisendeavorhascontinuedtothisday,withthecurrentChinesemedicinereflectingthisprogression.2）SincethefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChinain1949,plentyofresearcheshavebeendoneinvariousfieldssuchasbotany,chemistry,pharmacology,andclinicalmedicine.Theseresearcheshaveprovidedascientificbasistoidentifythesourceandauthenticityofherbalmedicinesaswellastheirfunctionscheme.Later,anationwidesurveywasdoneonthesourceofthemedicine,whichhelpedproducedthebook,ZhongYaoZhi[13]in1961.In1977,theHerbalMedicineDictionarywaspublished,whichbroughtthenumberofrecordedherbalmedicineto5,767.3）Inaddition,referencebooks,treatises,newspapers,andmagazinesonChinesemedicinewerepublicized.Also,institutionsonscientificresearchandtheteachingandproductionofChinesemedicinewereestablished.（字?jǐn)?shù)1027）bbb:///1.NewWordsauthenticity[,?:θen'tisiti]n.可信賴性，真實(shí)性bequeath[bi'kwi:e]vt.(立遺囑)把...遺贈(zèng)給，傳下，留下diarrhea（=diarrhoea）[,dai?'ri?]n.痢疾，腹瀉adj.腹瀉的endeavor：[in'dev?]vi.努力，力圖n.努力，盡力epidemics[,epi'demik]adj.傳染的，(風(fēng)尚等的)極為流行的n.流行病，(風(fēng)尚等的)流行hygiene['haid?i:n]n.衛(wèi)生，衛(wèi)生學(xué)，保健法moxibustion[,m?ks'b?st??n]

n.艾灸，灸法，艾灸oracle：['?:r?kl]n.先人，圣賢，圣言，至理名言pharmacology[,fɑ:m?'k?l?d?i]n.藥理學(xué),藥物學(xué)typhoid['taif?id]adj.傷寒的，患傷寒的n.傷寒癥2.Notes[1]神農(nóng),即炎帝，傳說(shuō)中古代農(nóng)業(yè)和醫(yī)藥的發(fā)明者。傳說(shuō)炎帝神農(nóng)，人身牛首，三歲知稼穡，長(zhǎng)成后，身高八尺七寸,龍顏大唇。神農(nóng)氏嘗遍百草，找尋治病解毒良藥，一次因誤食“火焰子”腸斷而死?！渡褶r(nóng)本草經(jīng)》即是依托他的著作。[2]《詩(shī)經(jīng)》是我國(guó)第一部詩(shī)歌總集，收入自西周初年至春秋中葉五百多年的詩(shī)歌311篇，又稱《詩(shī)三百》。西漢時(shí)被尊為儒家經(jīng)典，始稱《詩(shī)經(jīng)》，并沿用至今。[3]《黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)》為中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)四大經(jīng)典著作(《黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)》、《難經(jīng)》、《傷寒雜病論》、《神農(nóng)本草經(jīng)》)之一，是我國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)寶庫(kù)中現(xiàn)存成書(shū)最早的一部醫(yī)學(xué)典籍。此書(shū)包含《靈樞》《素問(wèn)》兩部分，為古代醫(yī)家托軒轅黃帝名之作，為醫(yī)家、醫(yī)學(xué)理論家聯(lián)合創(chuàng)作。[4]《傷寒論》，中醫(yī)臨床著作，東漢張仲景撰。[5]《脈經(jīng)》是中醫(yī)脈學(xué)著作。西晉王叔和撰于公元三世紀(jì)，是我國(guó)現(xiàn)存最早的脈學(xué)專著，全書(shū)共分十卷、九十八篇。[6]《針灸甲乙經(jīng)》是中國(guó)現(xiàn)存最早的一部針灸學(xué)專著，也是最早將針灸學(xué)理論與腧穴學(xué)相結(jié)合的一部著作。[7]《抱樸子》東晉道家理論著作，確立了道教神仙理論體系，又繼承魏伯陽(yáng)煉丹理論，集魏晉煉丹術(shù)之大成。是研究我國(guó)晉代以前道教史及思想史的寶貴材料?！吨夂髠浼狈健吩吨夂缶茸浞健?，東晉葛洪著。系將其所著《金匱藥方》（一作《玉函方》）擷要而成。[8]《雷公炮炙論》劉宋雷敩約撰于公元五世紀(jì)，為我國(guó)最早的中藥炮制學(xué)專著，是中藥鑒定學(xué)的重要文獻(xiàn)。[9]《劉涓子鬼遺方》據(jù)說(shuō)是晉末的劉涓子在丹陽(yáng)郊外巧遇“黃父鬼”時(shí)所遺留的一部外科方面的專著，又稱《神仙遺論》。[10]《唐本草》又稱《新修本草》，是唐高宗顯慶四年(公元659年)由唐代李績(jī)、蘇敬等22人集體編撰，是國(guó)家頒定藥典的創(chuàng)始，也是我國(guó)歷史上第一部藥典。外國(guó)最早的藥典《紐倫堡藥典》是1546年由紐倫堡政府刊行的，比《唐本草》晚九個(gè)世紀(jì)。[11]王唯一，宋代針灸學(xué)家，又名王惟德，曾任太醫(yī)局翰林醫(yī)官、殿中省尚藥奉御。[12]《本草綱目》，藥學(xué)著作，五十二卷，明代李時(shí)珍撰。XXX在繼承和總結(jié)以前本草學(xué)成就的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合自己長(zhǎng)期學(xué)習(xí)、采訪所積累的大量藥學(xué)知識(shí)，經(jīng)過(guò)實(shí)踐和鉆研，歷時(shí)數(shù)十年而編成的一部具有世界性影響的博物學(xué)著作。[13]《中藥志》是結(jié)合現(xiàn)代藥學(xué)成就整理出的部中藥材著作。3.ReadingComprehensionWhichstatementisNotrightaboutShenNong?A.ItwassaidthatChinesemedicineoriginatedfromhim.B.Heoftentastedherbsbyhimselfandunfortunatelywaspoisonedtodeath.C.ThestoryabouthimshowshowdifficultyancientChinesepeoplediscoveredmedicineD.Hewasthewriterofthebookonhowtodiagnoseandtreatvariousdiseasescasedbyinternalorgans.2)Thebook___________istheearliestexistingonewhichbegantodiscussChinesemedicinetheoriessystematicallyinancienttimes.A.HuangDiNeiJingB.ShenNongBenCaoJingC.FebrileandOtherDiseasesD.BenCaoGangMu3)Furtherprogresswasmadeinthemethodofdiagnosingbyfeelingofpulseduring________.A.11thto771BCB.221BCto220ADC.220to960D.22BCto256BC4)Intheancienttimes,thebook________begantodealwithsomespecificcategoriesofChinesemedicine,suchassurgery.A.MaiJingB.LiuJuanZiGuiYiFangC.ZhenJiuJiaYiJingD.FebrileandOtherDiseases5)In________WesternmedicinebegantoenterChina.A.TangDynastyB.QinDynastyC.MingDynastyD.YuanDynasty6)WhichstatementisNOTtrueaboutthepassage?A.Chinesemedicinehasgonethroughalonghistory.B.ThepassagemainlytellsuswhateffortsandachievementsconcerningTCMpeoplehavemadeindifferentperiodsofChinesehistory.C.ThepassagejustwantstoshowtheworldwehavegreatdoctorsandbooksrelatedtoTCM.D.TherearelotsofgreatpersonsandbooksrelatedtoTCM4.TranslationfromEnglishtoChinese1）Thesetechniques,nowknownasthefourmajormethods,include:observation,auscultation(listeningtosoundsofthebody,suchasthoseformtheheart,lungs,andsoon)andolfaction(smelling),interrogation(askingthepatientsquestions),pulsefeelingandpalpation(examiningbytouch).2）SincethefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChinain1949,plentyofresearcheshavebeendoneinvariousfieldssuchasbotany,chemistry,pharmacology,andclinicalmedicine.Theseresearcheshaveprovidedascientificbasistoidentifythesourceandauthenticityofherbalmedicinesaswellastheirfunctionscheme.3)Inaddition,referencebooks,treatises,newspapers,andmagazinesonChinesemedicinewerepublicized.Also,institutionsonscientificresearchandtheteachingandproductionofChinesemedicinewereestablished5.TopicsforReflection1)WhatdoyouthinkofthepastandpresentofourTraditionalChineseMedicine?2)WhatcouldyoufindifyoucompareChinesemedicineandwesternmedicine?3)DoyouthinkTraditionalChineseMedicinewillsurviveintothenewcentury?Stateyourreasons.KeyforReferencePassageOne3.ReadingComprehension1)D2)A3)C4)B5)C6)C4.TranslationfromEnglishtoChinese1）這些技術(shù)包括望、聽(tīng)和聞（聽(tīng)心臟、肺部等處的聲音及聞氣味）、問(wèn)（問(wèn)病人問(wèn)題）、切（把脈和觸診即通過(guò)觸摸檢查）。這些現(xiàn)已被稱為中醫(yī)（看?。┑乃姆N主要方法。2）自從1949年中華人民共和國(guó)建立，大量的相關(guān)研究已在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域展開(kāi)，如植物學(xué)、化學(xué)、藥理學(xué)及臨床醫(yī)學(xué)。這些研究為識(shí)別中藥及其功能結(jié)構(gòu)的來(lái)源與真實(shí)性提供了科學(xué)依據(jù)。3）此外，已出版了許多關(guān)于中醫(yī)學(xué)方面的參考書(shū)、專著、報(bào)紙和雜志。同時(shí)，很多中醫(yī)方面的教科研機(jī)構(gòu)相繼成立，中醫(yī)產(chǎn)品也投入生產(chǎn)。5.TopicsforReflection1)TraditionalChineseMedicinehadtoughbutgloriouspastwithgreatachievements,e.g….Nowitstillhasdifficultyprogressingbecauseofdifferentreasons.Itisveryadvantageouswithvitalityandspecialappealintreatingdiseasesbutmeetswithvariouschallengesnowadays.2)Theyaredifferentinconcepts,methods,remediesandresults,etc.oftreatingdiseases.Forexample,TraditionalChineseMedicinebasedontheholisticconceptofuniverse,requiresanalysiswithreferencetotheentirety,whichinvolvesthephysicalsymptomsandtheemotionalreactionsaswellasthefactorsfromthesocietyandenvironment.Besidesitemphasizesthebalanceofqiinthebodytoobtainbothtemporaryandpermanentcures.3)IbelieveTraditionalChineseMedicinecansurviveforeverandwillbeeventhrivinginthefuture.Becauseitwantstogetbothtemporaryandpermanentcureswithlessside-effects.Itwillbemoreappealing,esp.inhealthpromotion(regimen,longevity養(yǎng)生).PassageTwoChineseHerbalMedicine1.NewWords（可選，主要取決于材料的難易第二篇開(kāi)始只列出核心或難點(diǎn)詞匯不用注英標(biāo)）2.Notes（可選，但盡量保留，主要取決于材料的需要）3.ReadingComprehension(每篇必有的，但可形式可多樣)4.TopicsforReflection(每篇必有的，2個(gè)左右即可，提供可參考的答案)ChineseHerbalMedicineChineseherbalmedicineaimstoprevent,diagnose,andtreatdiseases.Itmainlyconsistsofnaturalmedicinesandprocessedones,namelymedicinesmadefromherbal,animal,mineral,andsomechemicalandbiologicalsubstances.AlthoughtheinventionandapplicationofChinesemedicinehasahistoryofthousandofyears,theword“Chinesemedicine”appearedonlyafterWesternmedicinewasintroducedintoChina,tomakeadifferencebetweenthetwo.

NaturalResourcesforChineseHerbalMedicineChinaenjoysalargeterritory,variousgeographicalfeatures,anddifferenttypesofclimate.Thesefactorshavegivenrisetodifferentecologicalenvironments,whichenableittogrowagreatvarietyofherbalplants.Atpresent,Chinahascultivatedmorethan8,000kindsofherbalmedicines,600ofwhicharecommonlyused.ThismakesChinathecountrywiththemostnumberofherbalmedicinesintheworld.Thesemedicinesnotonlymeetthedemandsofdomesticpeoplebutalsoareexportedto80countriesandregionswheretheyenjoygreatfame.

ApplicationofChineseMedicineMostoftheingredientsofChinesemedicinecomefromnaturalresources,whichhavelittleorsideeffects.Themultipleingredientsinsidethemedicinesenablethemtotreatvariousdiseases.AnotherfeatureofChineseherbalmedicinesisthattheyaremostlycompounds.Bybeingmadewithanappropriateproportionofdifferentingredients,themedicinecantreatcomplicateddiseaseswhilemaintainingthelowestpossiblesideeffects.ApplicationofChinesemedicineisbasedonitstheoryandfocusesontheimpactthemedicinehasonthehumanbody.Thenatureoftheherbalplantdeterminestheeffectivenessofthemedicine.Inordertousethemedicineinasafeandeffectiveway,doctorshavetoknowsuchthingslikewhatingredientsareneeded,thecontraindication(effect),thedosage,thewaytotakeit,andthewaytomakeupaprescription.Sometimesdoctorsneedtoselectdifferentingredientsinlightofthepatients’differentsituation.Asforcontraindication,doctorshavetoconsidertheeffectsofingredients,food,anddiseases.Regardingthedosage,doctorswillhavetoconsiderhowmuchvolumepatientsshouldtakeperdayandwhattheappropriateproportionforeveryingredientshouldbeinordertomakeupacompoundmedicine.

FutureTrendofChineseMedicineInthefuture,Chinawillcarryonthecurrentwayofproducingherbalmedicinewhilegivingmorefocusoncultivatingbettervarietiesofplantsbyadoptingsuchmethodslikeisotope[1]andbiologicalengineering.Meanwhile,Chinawillexpandtheproductionofthosegreatlyneededherbs,suchaslicoriceroot[2],therootsoflarge-floweredskullcapsandChinesethorowax[3],andthoseimportedfromabroad,whichamountsto20kinds.Atthesametime,Chinawilldomoreresearchestopreventthedegeneration(processofdeclineorlosingsomenorm