2023年復(fù)旦大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)試題無(wú)答案

復(fù)旦大學(xué)2023年考博英語(yǔ)真題PartⅠVocabularyandStructure（15points）Directions：Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronANSWERSHEETⅠwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.1.He’scolor-blindandcan’tthedifferencebetweenredandgreeneasily.A.detectB.discoverC.distinguishD.determine2.Asmanyas100speciesoffish,sometothesewaters,mayhavebeenaffectedbythepollution.A.unusualB.particularC.typicalD.unique3.Inherbrightyellowcoat,shewaseasilyinthecrowed.A.accessibleB.identifiableC.negligibleD.incredible4.Somepeoplefindthatcertainfoodstheirheadaches.A.introduceB.triggerC.summonD.create5.Theworkerschosetotheirdissatisfactioninaseriesofstrikes.A.deliverB.offerC.manifestD.indicate6.Livingwitharoommateconstraintonher----shecouldn’tplayhertrumpetorhavepartieslateatnight.A.imposedB.illustratedC.impressedD.left7.Idon’tknowhowtogetthereeither----perhapswe’dbetteramap.A.noteB.markC.consultD.draft8.Intheofrecentincidents,weaskingourcustomerstotakeparticularcareoftheirbelongings.A.processB.companyC.lightD.form9.ThepolicearedoingallthecantobringthoseresponsibleforthebombingtoA.evidenceB.hearingC.justiceD.rule10.Theprogrammeaimstomakethecountryinfoodandtocutenergyimports.A.self-confidentB.self-sufficientC.self-satisfiedD.self-restrained11.IthinkI’dliketostayhomethiseveninggoingoutasitisrainingsoheavily.A.betterthanB.otherthanC.ratherthanD.soonerthan12.Thepubliccanrestthatdetectivesaredoingeverythingpossibletofindthemurderer.A.assuredB.approvedC.guaranteedD.convinced13.Thechild’sbadbehaviorisoftenmorethanawayoftryingtohismother’sattentionawayfromhissister.A.reflectB.catchC.deflectD.reduce14.Thesmallbuildingwasmarkedwithamodestbrass,statingthenameandthebusinessoftheoccupiers.A.plaqueB.plateauC.plagueD.plaster15.Idon’tknowwhatallthewasabout-----itwasadullsortofafilmandtherewasalmostnosexinit.A.controversyB.conversationC.discussionD.illumination16.Imissedthelastflight,anddecidedtostaythenightattheairport.A.howeverB.thereforeC.moreoverD.meanwhile17.Youcouldbemanydangersbytravelingaloneinthatarea.A.subjecttoB.immunetoC.sensitivetoD.resistantto18.Shechewedeachdeliciousmouthfulasslowlyasshecould,thepleasure.A.delayingB.prolongingC.insistingD.indulging19.Thecandidatehasanimpressivelyrangeofinterestsandexperience.A.diverseB.vividC.mobileD.alive20.WhenIwassenttoprison,IreallyfeltIhadmyparents.A.let…offB.let…downC.let…outD.let…alone21.HeoutragebycallingtheTVprogrammes“talkingwallpaper”A.provokedB.evokedC.revokedD.invoked22/.Thegovernmentsistryingtothepeopleintothinkingthatawarisnecessary.A.enlightenB.involveC.orientD.brainwash23.Allthequestionsaroundwhatshehadbeendoingonthenightoftherobbery.A.dissolvedB.revolvedC.evolvedD.devolved24.Makesureyou’rehimbeforeyoustartsharingahouse.A.synonymouswithtB.compatiblewithC.subordinatetoD.autonomousof25.Shesaidthatthetreatmentshehadreceivedinthehospitalhadcompletelyherosherdignity.A.thrivedB.suspendedC.deprivedD.contrived26.Shewasunimpressedbytheactordescribinghimas“avainmananddull”A.intensivelyB.intenselyC.downrightD.actual27.downthanthetelephonerang.A.NotuntilIlayB.NosoonerhadIlainC.HardlyhadIlainD.ScarcelydidIlie28..I’msorryI’mlate----Ihadamentalandforgetthatwewouldhaveameetingtoday.A.aberrationB.perversionC.imbalanceD.sanity29.Iignoredanoldwomanwhoaskedmeformoneyinthestreetyesterdayandit’sbeenonmyeversince.A.moralityB.conscienceC.moraleD.rationale30.Hesawuniversityasacommunityofscholars,wherestudentswerebyteachersintoanappreciationofdifferentphilosophicalapproaches.A.extractedB.deductedC.inductedD.conductedPartⅡReadingComprehension（40points）Directions：Thereare4readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthem,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD．ChoosethebestanswerandmarkcorrespondingletteronANSWERSHEETⅠwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.(1)Iamrunningdownanalleywithastolenavocado,havingclimbedoverawhitebrickfenceandintotheforbiddenbackyardofacarefullymanicuredestateatthecornerofElDoradoandCrescentDriveinBeverlyHills,EmergingfromtheshieldofthealleyIcutoutintotheopen.Summerisaboutrunning,andIamrunning,protectedbydistancefromthedogs.AtthecornerofCrescentDriveandLomitasIspotBobbyTornitzeronabike.Ishout“Tornitzer!”Heturnshishead.Hisbikewobbles.AnautomobilemovingrapidlycatchesTornitzer’sbackwheel.TornitzeristhrownhighintotheairandontotheconcretesidewalkofCrescentDrive.Thedriver,awomanwithgrayhair,swirlsfromthecarhystericallyandhoversnoisilyoverTornitzer,whowillnotsurvivetheaccident.Iholdtheavocadotomychestandstand,frozen,acrossthestreet.Iamshiveringintheheat,andsinktomyknees.Itisapproximately3:30intheafternoon.Itis31.ThebesttitleforthisstorycouldbeA.SummerB.KillerDogsC.MyEighthBirthdayD.TheAlley32.Themainimageinparagraph1isofayoungboyA.climbingawhitebrickfencesB.snatchingavocadosC.runningwithfearandexhilarationD.defyingferociousdogs33.Themainimageinparagraph2isofA.TornitzerridinghisbikeB.exhilarationturningintohorrorC.the7-year-oldemergingfromthealleyD.thehysteriaofthewomandriver34.Thestorystartwiththefeelingofandendswiththefeelingof.A.joyfulaction…h(huán)orrifiedinactionB.running…standingC.beingalone…beingwithothersD.beingaloneintheopen…shiveringintheheat35Thephrase“shiveringintheheat”(neartheendofthispassage)dramaticallydescribesshockthroughA.theuseofminutedetailB.theunexpectedcombinationofhotandcoldC.itsimpliedreferencetotheword‘frozen’D.thecontrastofdeathandplay(2)Analystshavehadtheirgoathumor,andIhavereadsomeofthisinterpretativeliterature,butwithoutbeinggreatlyinstructed.Humorcanbedissected,asafrogcan,butthethingdiesintheprocessandtheinnardsarediscouragingtoanybutthepurescientificmind.InanewsreeltheatretheotherdayIsawapictureofamanwhohaddevelopedthesoapbubbletoahigherpointthanithadeverbeforereached.HehadbecametheacesoapbubbleblowerofAmerica,hadperfectedthebusinessofblowingbubbles,refinedit,doubledit,squaredit,andhadevenworkedhimselfupintoaconvenientlather.Theeffectwasnotpretty.Someofthebubblesweretoobigtobebeautiful,andtheblowerwasalwaysjumpingintothemoroutofthem,orplayingsomesortofunattractivetrickwiththem.Itwas,ifanything,aratherrepulsivesight.Humorisalittlelikethat:itwon’tstandmuchblowingup,anditwon’tstandmuchpoking.Ithasacertainfragility,anevasiveness,whichonehadbestrespect.Essentially,itisacompletemystery.Ahumanframeconvulsedwithlaughter,andthelaughterbecominghystericalanduncontrollable,isasfaroutofbalanceasoneshakenwiththehiccoughsorinthethroesofasneezingfit.Oneofthethingscommonlysaidabouthumoristsisthattheyreallyverysadpeople---clownwithabreakingheart.Thereissometruthinit,buritisbadlystated.Itwouldbemoreaccurate,Ithink,tosaythatthereisadeepveinofmelancholyrunningthrougheveryone’slifeandthatthehumorist,perhapsmoresensibleofitthansomeothers,compensatesforitactivelyandpositively.Humoristfattenontrouble.Thehavealwaysmadetroublepay.Theystrugglealongwithagoodwillandendurepaincheerfully,knowinghowwellitwillservetheminthesweetbyandby.Youfindthemwrestlingwithforeignlanguages,fightingfoldingironingboardsandswollendrainpipes,sufferingtheterriblediscomfortoftightboots(orasJoshBillingwittilycalledthem,“tite”boots).Theypourouttheirsorrowsprofitably,inaformthatisnotquitefictionnorquitefacteither.Beneaththesparklingsurfaceofthesedilemmasflowsthestrongtideofhumanwoe.36.Thecentralthemeofthisessayis:A.Thereislittlehumorinoldnewsreel.B.Humorcanbedissectedlikeafrog.C.Humorisessentiallyamystery,andbecausehumoristsaremoreawareofmelancholy,theyseemsadderthanmostpeople.D.Humoristsneedtocompensateforthepaintheyhavesuffered.37.Themainideaofparagraph2is:A.TheauthoroncesawapictureofthelargestsoapbubbleevermadeB.Thebubbleblowingperformancewasarepulsivesight.C.Humorisfragile.D.Laughterisnotameasureofhumor.38.Whydoestheauthorfeelthatwhenhumorisdissected,itdiesintheprocess?A.ThefuninhumorliesinexaminingitscontentsB.Humormusttantalizethesensesonimpact---ifithastobeexplained,itlosesitseffect.C.Humorisbestenjoyedbypeoplewithscientificminds.D.Agoodhumoristshouldexplainhisorherjoketomakesureeveryoneunderstandsit.39.Theword“melancholy”inparagraph3probablymeansA.joyB.sadnessC.hysteriaD.exhilaration40.Inhisfinalsentence,theauthorisevokinganimageofA.theoceanB.sparklinggermsC.hightideD.flowingwater(3)Everytimeanoldbuildingistorndowninthiscountry,andanewbuildinggoesup,thegroundfloorbecomesabank.Thereasonforthisisthatbanksaretheonlyoneswhocanaffordtherentforthegroundfloorofthenewbuildingsgoingup.Besides,whenbankloanssomeonemoneytobuildanewbuilding,itusuallytakesanoptionforthestreet-floorfacilities.Mostpeopledon’tthinkthereisanythingwrongwiththisandtheyacceptitaspartoftheAmericanfree-enterprisesystem.ButthereisssmallgroupofpeopleinthiscountrywhoarefightingforBankBirthControl.ThisishowHuddlestoneHubbard,theBBC’schairman,explainedit.“wheneveryouseeanoldbuildingtorndown,”Hubbardsaid,“youusuallyseeacandystore,adrycleaner,adelicatessen,andpossiblyafloristtorndownwithit.Theseshopsareallreplacedinthenewbuildingswithabeautifulglass,aluminum,wall-towall-carpetedmoneyfactor.“Nowfromanaestheticviewpoint,abanklooksbetterthanafrycleaner,acandystore,adelicatessenandaflorist.Butfromapracticalpointofview,it’sasheerdisaster.Ifyouwantanewspaper,acandybarorachocolatemilkshake,youcan’tgetitabank.NorcanyourunouttoabankforapoundofSwisscheeseandasix-packofbeerwhenhaveguestscomingover.“Abankisgreatifyouwanttobuyacar,butit’suselessifyouwanttohaveyourdresscleaned.“Andwhileabankmightbuyflowerstogiveitselfahumanimage,itdoesn’tsellanywhenyouwanttomakeupwithyourwife.”“Whatyou’resayingthen,Mr.Hubbard,isthateverytimeabankgoesup,somethinginallofusdies.”“Exactly.Oneofthereasonskidsaregettinginsomuchtroublethesedaysisthattherearecandystorestohangaroundanymore.Whenteardownadelicatessen,thetangysmellofpotatosalad,cornedbeefanddillpicklesarelostforever.Unlessyou’retryingtomakealoan,nooneeversalivatesinabank.“Itistrue,”Isaid.“Thesituationismorecrucialthananyonethinks,”Hubbardsaid.“attheratethey’retearingdownconsumerstoresandreplacingthemwithbanks,weestimatethatintenyearsitwillbeimpossibletobuyaloafofbreadinthecountry.Whatgoodisittoget7percentonyourmoneyifyoustarvetodeath?”“Thenwhatyou’resayingisthatitisn’taquestionofnottakingitwithyou.It’squestionofstayingalivewhileyouhaveit,”Isaid.“Somethinglikethat,”Hubbardagreed.“we’retyingtogetthepublictowakeuptoefactit’sbettertohaveastorethatsellsscrewdriversthanabankthatgivesawayalarmclocks.”“What’sthesolution?”“Agovernmentdecreethatabankhastosupplythesameservicesofthestoresittoredownonthesameproperty.Ifit’sabakery,theyhavetosellcake,ifit’saphotographyshop,theyhavetodevelopfilms,andifit’sadry-goodsstore,theyhavetosellwarmunderwear.Iftheyprovidetheservicesofthestorestheytoredown,thenwe’llletthemdoalittlemoneylendingontheside”.41.Thecentralthemeoftheessayis:A.Practicallyeverynewcommercialbuildingerectedtodayisownedbyabank.B.Banksareattemptingtodrivesmallmerchantsoutofservice.C.Newbanksarenotassetstoaneighborhoodinspiteoftheirattractiveappearance.D.Byoccupyinggroundfloorspaceinnewbuildings,banksarereplacingneighborhoodshoppingconveniences.42.ThisessayiswritteninatoneofA.humorousexaggerationB.humorousunderstatementC.seriousangerDseriousfearofthefuture43.Theauthortalksaboutthe“BankBirthControl”groupbecauseA.itisthenameofarealgroupB.hehopestobecomeitspresidentC.heisbeinghumoroustomakehispointD.heisinnfavoroftheauthortowardsmallneighborhoodstoresisthattheyA.aredirtyB.areconvenientandcolorfulC.shouldbereplacedbybanksD.shouldbecomesupermarkets45.TheauthormakeshispointbyusingA.satireB.dramaC.romanceD.poetry(4)Whatifoursocietyusesnew-foundtechnologiesof“geneticengineering”tointerferewiththebiologicalnatureofhumanbeings?Mightthatnotbedisastrous?Whataboutcloning,forinstance?Cloningisatermoriginallyusedinconnectionwithnonsexualreproductionofplantsandverysimpleanimal.Nowitiscomingintouseinconnectionwithhigheranimals,sincebiologistsarefindingwaysofstartingwithanindividualcellofagrownanimalandinducingittomultiplyintothesamewayinthefuture.Butiscloningasafethingtounleashonsociety?MightItnotbeusedfordestructivepurposes?Forinstance,mightnotsomerulinggroupdecidetoclonetheirsubmissive,downtroddenpeasantry,andthusproduceendlesshordesofsemi-robotswhowillslavetokeepafewinluxuryandwhomayevenserveasendlessranksofsoldiersdesignedtoconquertherestoftheworld.?Adreadfulthought,butanunnecessaryfear.Foronething,thereisnoneedtocloneforthepurpose.Theordinarymethodofreproductionproducesallthehumanbeingsthatareneededandasrapidlyasisneeded.Rightnow,theordinarymethodisproducingsomanypeopleastoputcivilizationindangerofimminentdestruction.Whatmorecancloningdo?Secondly,unskilledsemi-robotscannotbesuccessfullypittedagainsttheskilledusersofmachine,eitheronfarms,infactoriesorinarmies.Anynationdependingondowntroddenmasseswillfinditselfaneasymarkforexploitationbyalesspopulousbutmoreskilledandversatilesociety.Thishashappenedinthepastoftenenough..Butevenifweforgetaboutself-hordes,whataboutthecloningofarelativelyfewindividuals?Therearerichpeoplewhocouldaffordtheexpense,orpoliticianswhocouldhavetheinfluenceforit,orthegiftedwhocouldundergoitbypopulardemand.Therecanbetwoifaparticularbankerorgovernororscientist---orthree---orathousand.Mightthisnotcreateakindofprivilegedcaste,whowouldreproducethemselvesingreaterandgreaternumbers,andwhowouldgraduallytakeovertheworld?Beforewegrowconcernedaboutthis,wemustaskwhethertherewillreallybeanygreatdemandforcloning.Wouldyouwanttobecloned?Thenewindividualformedyourcellwillhaveyourgenesandthereforeyourappearanceand,possibly,talents,buthewillnotbeyou.Theclonewillbe,atbest,merelyyouridenticaltwin.Identicaltwinssharethesamegeneticpattern,buttheyeachhaveownindividualityandareseparatepersons.Cloningisnotapathwaytoimmortality,then,becauseyourconsciousnessdoesnotsurviveinyourclone,anymorethanitwouldinyouridenticaltwinifyouhadone.Infact,yourclonewouldbefarlessthanyouridenticaltwin.Whatshapesandformsapersonalityisnotgenesalone,butalltheenvironmenttowhichitisexposed.Identicaltwinsgrowupinidenticalsurroundings,inthesamefamily,andundereachother’sinfluence.Acloneofyourself,perhapsthirtyorfortyyearsyounger,wouldgrowupinadifferentworldaltogetherandwouldbeshapedbyinfluencesthatwouldbesuretomakehimlessandlesslikeyouashegrowsolder.Hemayevenearnyourjealousy.Afterall,youareoldandheisyoung.Youmayoncehavebeenpoorandstruggledtobecomewell-to-do,buthewillbewell-to-doformthestart.Themerefactthatyouwon’tbeabletoviewitasachild,butasanothercompetingandbetter-advantagedyou,mayaccentuatethejealousy.No!imaginethat,aftersomeinitialexperiments,thedemandforcloningwillbevirtuallynonexistent.46.Thecentralthemeoftheessayis:A.Geneticengineersareexperimentingwithcloning.B.Thecloningofhumancouldproduceaprivilegedclass.C.worriesaboutthedangersofhumancloningareill-founded.D.Personalitytraitscannotbepassedonthoughcloning.47.TheauthorassumesthatthereadersisA.afraidofanationofdictatorsB.worriedabouttheabusesofcloningC..eggertoputcloningtopracticaluseD.readytobecloned48.Theauthorassumesthatthereaderthinks“immortality”A.frighteningB.unavoidableC.profitableD.desirable49.Toholdthereader’sinterest,theauthorA.usedquotationsbyfamouspeopleB.asksfrequentquestionsofthereaderC.presentsmanyresearchstatisticsD.tellsmanyamusingstories50.Theword“hordes”asusedthepassagemeansA.swarmsoffishB.largegroupsofpeopleC.mountainrangesD.largefieldsofgrainPaperTwo

PartⅢCloze(10%)Directions:FillineachofthefollowingblankswithONEwordtocompletethemeaningofthepassage.WriteyouransweronAnswerSheetⅡ.Aconsiderableamountofmedicalresearchisaimedatidentifyingriskfactorsfordisease.Therationalebehindthisworkisthatwherepeopleareinformedoftheirrisk,theywillhappilychangetheirbehaviortolowerthatrisk.51Thisiscertainlyareasonableassumption,itturnsoutthatthingsarenotquitethatsimpleandstraightforward.Firstofall,healthisnotnecessarilyatoppriorityineveryone’slifeand,forthesepeople,changingbehaviorintheinterestsofhealthmayinterfere52