中國電力系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)型概況

中國電力系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)型概況PerformanceofChina’sPowerSystem

Transition01

能源領(lǐng)域轉(zhuǎn)型Energy

Sector

Transition

能源生產(chǎn)保障能力穩(wěn)步提升。2021年，中國一次能源消費(fèi)總量為52.4億噸標(biāo)煤，同比增長5.2%。帶動一次能源生產(chǎn)量達(dá)到43.3億噸標(biāo)煤，同比增長6.3%，增速均創(chuàng)10年新高。2015-2021年以較低的能源消費(fèi)增速保障了國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的較快發(fā)展。China's

energy

production

capacity

has

been

steadily

improved.

The

growth

rate

of

primaryenergyproductionhita10-yearhighin2021.Therapiddevelopmentofthenationaleconomyisguaranteedbyrelativelylowenergyconsumptiongrowthratefrom2015to

2021.43.444.245.647.248.749.852.43.2%3.5%3.2%2.2%5.2%0%2%4%6%8%403550455530 1.4%20151.7%2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021能源消費(fèi)總量

Total

EnergyConsumption 增速Growth

Rate單位：億噸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤Unit:

100

million

tons

of

standard

coal中國2015-2021年能源消費(fèi)情況China'sEnergyConsumptionin

2015-202135.937.939.743.33.8%5.6%4.7%2.8%40.86.1%-5%0%5%10%3040 0.0%36.235504510% 5534.6-4.4%2015 2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021能源生產(chǎn)總量

Total

Energy

Production 增速Growth

Rate單位：億噸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤Unit:

100

million

tons

of

standard

coal中國2015-2021年能源生產(chǎn)情況China'sEnergyProductionin

2015-202117%16.6%16%15.9%15%14%13.5%13.8%14.3%15.3%13%12%

12.1%11%2015201620172018201920202021中國2015-2021非化石能源消費(fèi)量占比Proportion

of

China's

Non-Fossil

Energy

Consumption

in2015-20211.201.101.051.01 0.980.980.941.41.21.00.80.60.40.20.02015 2016 2017 2018

2019

2020

2021單位：單位GDP二氧化碳排放（噸/萬元）Unit:CO2emissionperGDP

（t/10000RMB）中國2015-2021年能源消費(fèi)情況China'sEnergyConsumptionin

2015-202101

能源領(lǐng)域轉(zhuǎn)型Energy

Sector

Transition

能源綠色轉(zhuǎn)型加快推進(jìn)。2021年，中國非化石能源生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)比重分別達(dá)到20.3%和16.6%，較上年均提高了0.7個百分點(diǎn)。單位GDP能耗強(qiáng)度下降了2.7個百分點(diǎn)，碳排放強(qiáng)度下降了3.8個百分點(diǎn)。China’s

green

energytransitionhasbeenaccelerated.In2021,theproportionofnon-fossilenergyproductionandconsumptionreached20.3%and16.6%,respectively,bothup0.7percentagepointsfrom2020.Energyintensity(totalenergyconsumptionperunitofGDP)droppedby2.7percentagepoints,andcarbonemissionintensitydecreasedby3.8percentage

points.2021年中國電源發(fā)電裝機(jī)和發(fā)電量China's

Power

Supply

&Power

Capacity

by

Source

in20214.6%1.6% 3.5%3.4%0.5% 4.0%水電Hydro14.9%15.5%核電Nuclear2.2%4.9%風(fēng)電Wind46.6%23.8億千瓦 13.8%2.38

TW8.4萬億千瓦時8400

TWh7.8%3.9%太陽能發(fā)電煤電氣電SolarCoalGas12.9%60.0%抽水蓄能Pumped

hydro生物質(zhì)及其他Biomass02

電力系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)型PowerSystem

Transition 電源側(cè)

Power

Side電力供應(yīng)保障能力逐步夯實(shí)。2021年，中國發(fā)電裝機(jī)達(dá)到23.8億千瓦，同比增長9.5%；發(fā)電量8.4萬億千瓦時，同比增長4.0%。China’s

power

supply

capacity

has

been

graduallystrengthened.

In2021,

China’s

installed

power

capacity

reached2.38TW,withayear-on-yeargrowthof9.5%;powergenerationreached8400TWh,up4.0%yearon

year.中國2018-2021年可再生能源裝機(jī)China's

Renewable

Power

Capacity

in2018-2021120000100000800006000040000200000裝機(jī)容量（萬千瓦）PowerCapacity

(10MW)風(fēng)電

Wind2018光伏PV2019水電Hydro2020 2021抽蓄

Pumped

Storage中國2018-2021年可再生能源發(fā)電量China's

Renewable

Power

Generation

in2018-202101000050001500025000200002021裝機(jī)容量（億千瓦時）PowerCapacity

(100GWh)2018風(fēng)電

Wind2019光伏

PV2020水電Hydro02

電力系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)型PowerSystem

Transition 電源側(cè)

Power

Side綠色電源占比大幅提升。2021年，中國可再生能源發(fā)電裝機(jī)歷史性突破11億千瓦，占總裝機(jī)的比重達(dá)到45.8%，風(fēng)電、光伏均居世界第一。可再生能源發(fā)電量達(dá)到2.49萬億千瓦時，占全社會用電量的29.9%。TheproportionofrenewablepowersupplyhassignificantlyincreasedinChina.In2021,China’sinstalledrenewablepowercapacityexceeded1.1TW,generating2490TWh,withwindandsolarpowerrankingfirstinthe

world.683067713064767012 79640936967139035442579544676041721

3383841721

3603845191

4459046981

4716220182019 2020 2021交流線路長度（公里）

Length

ofACLine

(km)直流線路長度（公里）

Length

of

DCLine

（km）交流變電容量（萬千伏安）

AC

Transformer

Capacity

(10MVA)直流換流容量(萬千伏安）

DC

Converter

Capacity

(10MVA)中國2018-2021年輸電網(wǎng)建設(shè)情況China's

Transmission

Grid

in

2018-20218231748718006902235180010348814557698101000kV220kV750kV 500kV 330kV線路長度（公里）

Length

(km)變電容量（萬千伏安）Transformer

Capacity(10MVA)中國2021年新增220千伏及以上交流電網(wǎng)線路及變電容量China's

Added

Transmission

Lines

（≥220kV）in

202102

電力系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)型PowerSystem

Transition 電網(wǎng)側(cè)

Grid

Side電網(wǎng)建設(shè)規(guī)模穩(wěn)步擴(kuò)大。截至2021年底，中國220千伏及以上輸電線路長度達(dá)到84.3萬公里，同比增長3.8%；220千伏及以上變電容量44.7億千伏安，直流換流容量4.7億千瓦；主要高壓配電線變電容量24.3億千伏安，高壓配電線路長度達(dá)到115萬公里。China’s

power

grid

scale

has

been

steadily

expanded.

By

the

end

of

2021,

the

length

ofChina’stransmissionlines(≥220kV)reached843,000km,withasubstationcapacityof4.47billionkVAandaDCconventercapacityof4700GW;thelengthofhigh-voltagedistributionlinesreached1,150,000km.中國主要跨省區(qū)域輸電通道可再生能源輸送電量

Renewable

Energy

Transmitted

by

Cross-Provincial

Transmission

Channels

in

China02

電力系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)型PowerSystem

Transition電網(wǎng)側(cè)

Grid

Side綠色資源配置能力不斷加強(qiáng)。中國資源稟賦與能源需求呈現(xiàn)逆向分布，為了實(shí)現(xiàn)綠色能源在全國范圍內(nèi)的優(yōu)化配置，中國建成了世界上規(guī)模最大、遠(yuǎn)距離輸送能力最強(qiáng)的電力系統(tǒng)，每年將約3000億千瓦時的綠色電力由西部地區(qū)送至東部負(fù)荷中心。China’s

capacity

to

allocate

green

resources

has

been

enhanced.

To

realize

the

optimalallocationofgreenenergynationwide,Chinahasbuilttheworld’slargestpowersystem,transformingabout300TWhofgreenpoweryearlyfromthewesttothe

east.55,50059,198

63,07769,163

72,2555.0%6.6%9.6%4.5%4.0%8%6%4%2%0%75,110

83,128 12%10.7%

10%020,00040,00060,00080,0000.5%2015 2016

2017

2018 2019

2020

2021用電量

PowerConsumption 增速GrowthRate單位：億千瓦時Unit:

100MWh中國2015-2021年用電情況China's

Power

Consumption

in

2015-202114.1%41.1%1.1%14.1%15.8%17.1%40.3%27.3%27.9%1.2%居民生活用電Residential三產(chǎn)用電Tertiary

Sector非高載能二產(chǎn)Less

Energy-IntensiveSecondary

sector高載能行業(yè)Energy-Intensive

Sector一產(chǎn)用電Primary

Sector2018年2021年中國2018年和2021年用電結(jié)構(gòu)China's

Power

Consumption

Structure

in

2018&

202102

電力系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)型PowerSystem

Transition 負(fù)荷側(cè)

Load

Side用電量保持增長，用電結(jié)構(gòu)持續(xù)優(yōu)化。2021年，中國全社會用電量達(dá)到8.3萬億千瓦時，同比增長10.7%，增速較2020年提高6.7個百分點(diǎn)。用電結(jié)構(gòu)保持由二產(chǎn)用電向三產(chǎn)、居民生活用電轉(zhuǎn)移趨勢。China’s

powerconsumptionhaskeptgrowingandthepowerconsumptionstructurehasbeencontinuouslyoptimized.Thepowerconsumptiongrowthratein2021is6.7percentagepointshigherthanthatin2020.Powerconsumptionstructurecontinuesshiftingfromthesecondarysectortothetertiarysectorandresidential

electricity.電采暖Electric

Heating地能熱泵GeothermalHeat

Pump工業(yè)電鍋爐IndustrialElectric

Boilers農(nóng)業(yè)電排灌AgriculturalElectricDrainage&

Irrigation電動汽車Electric

Vehicle電蓄能調(diào)峰ElectricStorage

asPeaking

Capacity船舶岸電Shore

Power綠電替代重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域GreenPowerSubstitutionin

KeyAreas電采暖

Electric

Heating電動汽車

Electric

Vehicle可中斷負(fù)荷

Interruptible

Load02

電力系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)型PowerSystem

Transition負(fù)荷側(cè)

Load

Side推進(jìn)用能產(chǎn)業(yè)與新能源就近結(jié)合。大力引導(dǎo)新增用能產(chǎn)業(yè)向新能源富集地區(qū)布局，推進(jìn)傳統(tǒng)方案升級改造，加強(qiáng)需求側(cè)響應(yīng)，持續(xù)加快電動汽車、可中斷負(fù)荷規(guī)?；l(fā)展，提升終端用能和新能源發(fā)電的匹配程度，促進(jìn)重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域綠電替代。China

has

initiatives

for

high-energy

consumption

industry

to

deploy

near

the

regions

with

richrenewableenergyresources.Chinaencouragegreenpowersubstitutioninkey

areas.煤電靈活性改造超8000萬千瓦Over80GWhcoalpowerhasbeenretrofittedfor

flexibility.6000千瓦及以上火電廠供電標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤耗降至302.5克/千瓦時Standardcoalconsumptionofcoalpowerunit(≥600MW）hasbeenreducedto302.5

g/kWh.電力需求側(cè)管理措施不斷完善Demand-sidemanagementhasbeencontinuously

improved.需求側(cè)響應(yīng)能力持續(xù)增強(qiáng)Demand-sideresponsecapacitycontinuestobe

enhanced.新能源友好電站、虛擬電廠建設(shè)穩(wěn)步增長Construction

of

‘’system-friendly”

renewable

power

stations

and

virtualpowerplantsissteadily

increased.抽水蓄能裝機(jī)3669萬千瓦Theinstalledcapacityofpumpedstoragereached

36.69GWh.電化學(xué)儲能裝機(jī)400萬千瓦The

installed

capacity

of

electrochemical

energy

storagereached4GWh.02

電力系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)型PowerSystem

Transition電力系統(tǒng)靈活性持續(xù)提升。通過煤電靈活性改造、擴(kuò)大抽水蓄能和電化學(xué)儲能裝機(jī)、提升完善需求側(cè)管理和響應(yīng)能力等方式有效提升了電力系統(tǒng)靈活性。China’s

power

system

flexibility

has

been

effectively

enhanced

by

coalpowerflexibilityretrofit,expansionofinstalledpumpedstorage&electrochemicalenergystorage,andimprovementofdemand-sidemanagement&response

capabilities.81.08%18.92%中長期交易電量Medium&

Long-TermTradingPower現(xiàn)貨交易電量SpotTrading

Power非市場化交易 市場化交易電量 電量Non-Market Market

TradedTraded

Power Power55.4% 44.6%2021年中國中長期和現(xiàn)貨市場交易電量占比Medium

and

Long-Term

vs

Spot

Trading

Power

in20212021年中國市場化交易電量占全社會用電量比重Market

Traded

Power/Total

Power

Consumption

in

202103

電力市場改革Power

Market

Reform

電力現(xiàn)貨市場建設(shè)有序推進(jìn)、全國統(tǒng)一電力市場體系加快建設(shè)。2021年，全國完成市場化交易電量3.7億千瓦時，占全社會用電量比重達(dá)44.6%，年均增長率約40%。中長期交易機(jī)制全面建立，現(xiàn)貨市場穩(wěn)定試運(yùn)行，輔助服務(wù)市場穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)。China‘selectricityspotmarkethasbeenbuiltorderlyandtheconstructionofaunifiedelectricitymarketsystemhasbeenaccelerated.Themarkettradedpowerin2021reached370GWh,accountingfor44.6%oftotalpowerconsumption,

with

a

40%

average

growth

rate.

The

medium

and

long-term

trading

mechanisms

have

been

fully

established,

thespotmarketpilotkeepsrunning,andtheauxiliaryservicemarketisrunning

steadily.輸配電價(jià)體系Transmission&

DistributionPricing

System區(qū)域/省級電網(wǎng)第一、二監(jiān)管周期輸配電價(jià)Transmissionanddistributionpriceofregional/provincialpowergridinthe1stand2ndsupervision

periods跨省跨區(qū)專項(xiàng)工程輸電價(jià)格定價(jià)辦法Pricingmethodfortransmissionpricing

ofinter-provincialandinter-regional

specialprojects事前核定、定期校核機(jī)Approvingpricingbeforeoperation

andregularcheck

mechanism上網(wǎng)電價(jià)市場化改革MarketReformon

Feed-in-Tariff全面放開燃煤發(fā)電上網(wǎng)電價(jià)Fullliberalizationofcoal-firedpowergenerationfeed-intariffs擴(kuò)大市場交易電價(jià)上下浮動Expanding

the

fluctuation

range

of

market

transactionelectricityprice取消工商業(yè)目錄銷售電價(jià)Cancellationofcatalogsaleselectricitypricefor

industryand

commerce煤價(jià)、上網(wǎng)電價(jià)、用戶電價(jià)“三價(jià)聯(lián)動”“Three-pricelinkage”ofcoalprice,feed-intariffsandconsumerelectricity

price分時電價(jià)、階梯電價(jià)機(jī)制Time-of-UseTariffs&TieredPricingMechanism引導(dǎo)用戶削峰填谷Guidingconsumerstocutpeakand

fillvalley設(shè)定階梯電價(jià)分檔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Settingtieredelectricitytariff

standards加價(jià)電費(fèi)資金管理使用制度Themanagementandusesystemofincreasedelectricity

tariff抽水蓄能價(jià)格形成機(jī)制PricingMechanismforPumpedStorage競爭方式Competition

mode成本回收與分?jǐn)倷C(jī)制Costrecoveryandsharing

mechanism收益分享機(jī)制Revenuesharing

mechanism獨(dú)立市場主體地位Independentmarketentity

status03

電力市場改革PowerMarket

Reform電價(jià)改革持續(xù)優(yōu)化、體制機(jī)制進(jìn)一步健全、完善。輸配電價(jià)體系持續(xù)優(yōu)化，上網(wǎng)電價(jià)市場化改革進(jìn)一步深化，分時電價(jià)、階梯電價(jià)機(jī)制進(jìn)一步健全，抽水蓄能價(jià)格形成機(jī)制進(jìn)一步完善。The

electricity

price

reform

has

beencontinuouslyoptimized,andthesystem&mechanismhavebeenfurtherimprovedintransmission&distributionpricingsystem,marketr