高中化學(xué) M4 U3 Grammar 新人教必修3

GrammarNounClausesastheObjectandPredicative.關(guān)于從句雖說從句自身的句子結(jié)構(gòu)是完整的，但是它不能視為獨立的句子，因為它離開了主語就無法獨立、完整地表達(dá)意思。按其所能表達(dá)的意義而言,它相當(dāng)于一個詞或是一個詞組.從句擔(dān)任什么句子成分，這個從句就叫做該成分的從句，如主語從句，賓語從句，狀語從句等。.NounClauses

名詞性從句名詞性從句相當(dāng)于名詞，可作主句的主語，表語，賓語和同位語.NounClausesastheObject

賓語從句

Ithink(that)youwilllikethepictures.Hehasbecomewhathewantedtobetenyearsago.Idon’tknowwhyJanewaslateforschoolthismorning.Theteacherispleasedwithwhatshesaid.I'mafraidthatIcan'tgototheparty..賓語從句1.在復(fù)合句中作主句及物動詞的賓語，也可作介詞或某些形容詞的賓語。2.由連接詞引導(dǎo)，且連接詞總是立于從句之首。.賓語從句的連接詞從屬連詞thatwhetherif不擔(dān)任成分只起連接作用關(guān)系代詞whowhomwhosewhatwhich既擔(dān)任成分，又起連接作用。主語，賓語或表語等關(guān)系副詞whenwherewhyhow既擔(dān)任成分，又起連接作用常擔(dān)任狀語.

使用賓語從句的注意事項1.由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(that通?？梢允÷?。但如從句是并列句時,第二個分句前的that不可省。Hetoldme(that)hewasillandthathewouldnotcometotheparty..

用who，whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等連接詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，應(yīng)注意從句語序要用陳述語序。

Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.2.陳述語序.

當(dāng)主句動詞是現(xiàn)在時，從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況，而使用不同時態(tài)。

當(dāng)主句動詞是過去時態(tài)（could,would除外），從句則要用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)，如一般過去時，過去進(jìn)行時，過去將來時等；當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。3.注意賓語從句中的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)。.

若主語謂語動詞為think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等,其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義,一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上,從句謂語用肯定式。Idon’t

thinkthisdressfitsyouwell.我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。4.否定的轉(zhuǎn)移

.

it常可以放在動詞think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等后作為形式賓語.it不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語而真正的賓語-that從句則放在句尾,特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語的句子中。

5.形式賓語.Weoftenhearsitthattravelboardenthemind.ImadeitclearthatIwasdeterminedtocarryouttheplan.IconsideritnecessarythatweshouldspendmoretimepractisingspokenEnglish.Wethinkitpossiblethattheyoungmasteratleasttwoforeignlanguages..6.某些動詞后面，賓語從句的謂語要求用虛擬。

這類動詞常見的有：command（命令）,demand（要求）,desire（希望）,insist（堅持）,order（命令）,propose（提議）,recommend（推薦）,request（要求）,require（要求）,suggest（建議）等。Heproposedthatwe(should)setadeadlineforthecomplementoftheplan.他提議擬定一個執(zhí)行計劃的期限。.NounClausesasthePredicative

表語從句表語從句是在復(fù)合句中作表語的名詞性從句,放在動詞之后,一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語+系動詞+表語從句”。可以接表語從句的系動詞有be,look,remain,seem等。引導(dǎo)表語從句的that常可省略。另外,常用的還有thereasonwhy…isthat…和Itisbecause…等結(jié)構(gòu)。.1).Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.2).Thisiswhywecan’tgetthesupportofthepeople.3).Butthefactremainsthatwearebehindtheotherclasses.4).Thereasonheislateforschoolisthathemissedthebus..使用表語從句的注意事項表語從句一定要用陳述語序。不可以用if，而用whether連接表語從句(asif例外）。不像賓語從句，在有表語從句的復(fù)合句中，主句時態(tài)和從句時態(tài)可以不一致。that在表語從句中不可以省掉。.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis______Idisagree.(04)Theroadiscoveredwithsnow.Ican’tunderstand____theyinsistongoingonmotor-bike.(04)Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetat_____Ithoughtwasadangerousspeed.(04)wherewhywhat.4.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise____hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.(04)5.Theshopkeeperdidnotwanttosellfor____hethoughtwasnotenough.(05)6.Ihavealwaysbeenhonestandstraightforward,anditdoesn’tmatter________I’mtalkingto.(04)whatwhoeverthat.7.Parentsaretaughttounderstand____importanteducationistotheirchildren’sfuture.(04)8.ThesewildflowersaresospecialIwoulddo________Icantosavethem.(00)9.Ireadaboutitinsomebookorother,doesismatter_______itwas?(01)howwhateverwhich.10.Amoderncityhasbeensetupin_____wasawastelandtenyearsago.(04)11.Someresearchersbelievethatthereisnodoubt____acureforAIDSwillbefound.12.Thewayhediditwasdifferentfrom_____wewereusedto.(05)whatthatwhat.13.Marywroteanarticleon____theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.(05)14.Thepooryoungmanisreadytoaccept_________helphecanget.(05)15.Elephantshavetheirownwaytotelltheshapeofanobjectand_______itisroughorsmooth.(05)whywhateverwhether.Hesaidthetextwasveryimportantandweshouldlearnitbyheart.2.Myworryisthathecangetthereontime.3.Thereasonwhyhefailedwasbecausehehadn’tstudiedhard.4.Whatweneedaretime.5.Herearetwobooks.Youcantakewhateveryouwant.isthatwhetherthatwhichever改錯。.1.Hetoldme__________hewouldgotocollegethenextyear.2.Idon’tknow__________therewillbeabus.3.Ireallydon’tknow___________youshoulddependonifyoudon’tdependonyourparents.用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空，使下列賓語從句和表語從句意思完整。that/不填if/whetherwhom/who.4.Hedidn’ttellme_______hewouldcomebackfromShanghainexttime.5.Letmeknow_______trainyou’llbearrivingon.6.Canyouworkout______muchwewillspendduringthetrip?7.Makesure_____therearenomistakesinyourpapersbeforeyouturnthemin.whenwhichhowthat.8.Wethinkitnecessary_____wetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.9.Tomisverylazy.Thatis____hedidn’tpasstheexam.10.Thisis___________wefoundthestrangetrees.11.Myideais_____weshouldalldoourbesttodoeverythingwell.thatwhywhere/howthat.12.Itlooked____